非谓语动词讲义-学生版
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易思教育学科教师辅导讲义(第讲)学生姓名:2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)DA. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade4)作宾语补足语It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication.这是很有趣的研究,它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。
We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。
I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。
注意:某些动词(大都是感官动词)接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,通常不带to,但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。
下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词:“四看(see, watch, notice, observe)三使役(let, have, make)二听(hear, listen to)一感觉(feel)。
”能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多,常见的有:advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。
【透视高考题】1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) BA. to makeB. to be madeC. to have been madeD. to be making2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) AA .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) AA. to doB. to be doing C done D doing5)作定语Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗?注意:某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词,即构成“不定式+介词”结构,这个介词是不可省略的。
非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一.如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语:1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下:如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后,则作的是定语。
如:The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻译:翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来,然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后,并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译,如果是,则作的是定语。
如:The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.二.作定语时的逻辑主语:作定语时,逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。
如:The meeting held yesterday was very important.三.如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语:1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系2. 时间关系:将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如:1)The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending2)The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover3)— The last one __________________ pays the meal.— Agreed! (2007全国卷I)A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving 四.作定语的具体用法:1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有:to do, to be done, doing, being done, done (务必牢记).注:having done 绝对不能作定语。
非谓语动词使用精华讲义考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。
the violi n over there will go on the stage next week.考点二、不定式和动名词作主语,宾语和表语的比较1表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式;表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的动作用动名词。
2、动名词的复合结构:在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。
3、不定式及动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it 作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth.4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。
5、表心理状态的ving 分词作表语时,表示令人……的;女口: exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 ..... ”如:excited 等6、get, become, look,seem, appear, remain 等系动词后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态。
女0 remain seated 等。
【即境活用】(1) __________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disaPPear) made them worried. (2) It 'm porta nt _______________ .(对于我们来说学英语很重要)⑶It 'kind _____________________ .(帮助我你真是太好了)(4) ______ (ex po se)to sun light for too much time will do harm toone ’ s skin.(5) rve worked with childre n before, so I know what ____ (ex pect)i n my new job.(6) Travelli ng is ___________________ .(累但有趣)(7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ____they will enjoy it. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较)作宾语的动名词和不定式,完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 )介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语,如:admit, dislike, app reciate, avoid, enjoy)动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语,又跟 to do 作宾语。
非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一.如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语:1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下:如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后,则作的是定语。
如:The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.2.翻译:翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来,然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后,并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译,如果是,则作的是定语。
如:The meeting________ yesterday was very important.The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century.二.作定语时的逻辑主语:作定语时,逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。
如:The meeting held yesterday was very important.三.如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语:1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系2. 时间关系:将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如:1)The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______.A. to spendB. spentC. being spentD. spending2)The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover3)— The last one __________________ pays the meal.— Agreed! (2007全国卷I)A. arrivedB. arrivesC. to arriveD. arriving四.作定语的具体用法:1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有:to do, to be done, doing, being done, done(务必牢记).注:having done 绝对不能作定语。
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义(第讲)学生姓名:课题非谓语动词教学目标让学生掌握非谓语动词的用法重点、难点非谓语动词做状语的用法及其之间不同用法的比较考点及考试要求准确判断何时使用非谓语动词;正确使用非谓语动词形式教学内容非谓语动词顾名思义,非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的一种动词形式,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即:to do, doing和done, 。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。
当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如:不定式to do有to be done(被动式); to be doing(进行式)to have done (完成式);动名词doing :有having done(完成式); being don e(被动式)现在分词doing : 有being done(被动式); having done (完成式); having been d one (完成被动式);;非谓语动词的特点:三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语。
它们都有各自的特征:分词具有形容词和副词的特征;动名词具有名词的特征;不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
具体来讲:分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等;动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等;不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语。
下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解:一、动词不定式1. 不定式的构成与特征动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,一般由“to+动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,可以带宾语或状语。
例如:At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles. 在2004年雅典奥运会上,刘翔在110米跨栏比赛中成为第一个获得金牌的亚洲人,使全亚洲人兴奋不已。
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4.(1)若提示词为动词,句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,就该填谓语动词,此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
(2)若提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,就该填非谓语动词,就要确定是v.-ing形式,v.-ed形式,还是不定式。
一般来说,v.-ing 形式表示主动、进行;v.-ed形式表示被动、完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语,它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1.作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中,若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of,此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词,且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系;若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点,则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2.作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:我们一致同意在校门口见面。
非谓语动词宏观概念:(1)to do :将要做、未做、待做(2)doing:正在做、伴随状态,表示主动关系(3)Done:已经做完,表示被动关系不定式的功能〔除了谓语都能做〕1.不定式做主语:2.不定式做宾语:3.不定式做表语:.4.不定式做定语:.5.不定式做状语:6.不定式做宾语补足语:7.动名词的功能〔因为名贵,所以干的都是主要功能〕1.doing做主语:2.doing做宾语:3.doing做表语:4.doing做定语:5.doing做状语:〔一个主语发出两个动作,主要动作用谓语,次要动作用非谓语,主动用doing、被动用done〕6.doing做宾语补足语:7.现在分词的否认:8.现在分词的独立成分:9.现在分词的独立主格结构:〔两个主语发出两个动作,主要主语做的事情用谓语,次要主语做的事情用非谓语,把次要主要摆在前面,和后面的动词如果是主动关系用doing,被动关系用done〕Xiao ming beaten ,I cried.(独立主格,被动)Xiao ming beating a girl , I cried.(独立主格,主动)Beaten,I cried.(不是独立主格。
一个人做了两件事,次要动作用非谓语,被动) 10.现在分词的主动表被动:过去分词的功能〔因为是分身,所以干杂活〕1.过去分词做表语:〔一种表示被动一种表示状态或者感受〕Seat 及物动词,所以有被动sb be seated (可以说是被动,也可以说是一种状态) Sit 不及物动词,所以没有被动sb is sitting.Dress 是及物动词,dress sb =sb be dressed(可以表示被动,可以表示状态)He is dressing himself〔及物动词,必须挂着一个宾语〕He is dressed up 〔被动,be dressed ,up 是副词,表示起来;be dressed up 可以看做一个词组,表示状态,化装〕2.过去分词做定语:〔表示被动〕3.过去分词做状语:〔要么被动,要么状态〕4.过去分词做宾语补足语:Have 的用法让某人做某事让某人一直做某事让别人人做某事,某事被做。
非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)不定式: to do一.不定式的作用1.作主语不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数,往往用it 作形式主语。
It is selfish of him not to contribute anything.In fact, it is hard for the police to keep order in an important football match.It’s i mportant for the figures to be updated regularly.2.作宾语He managed to escape from the fire.David threatened to report his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.经常用不定式做宾语的动词有四个希望三答应:hope wish expect long agree promise undertake五个想要巧安排:intend plan want mean desire arrange设法学会做决定:manage learn decide determine企图假装要选择:attempt pretend choose提供要求勿拒绝:offer demand refuse威胁准备不失败:threaten prepare fail注意:it 作形式宾语的情况。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one form the other.We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.3.作宾语补足语1) 动词+宾语+to doMy advisor encouraged me to take a summer course to improve my writing skill.Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of luggage onto the plane.(被动形式)注意:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, allow, advise, beg, command, expect, forbid, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, urge, want, warn, would like,wait for, call on, arrange for2)在感官动词如feel, hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, observe和使役动词如have, let, make 等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
非谓语动词讲义一、非谓语动词定义在英语中,不能作句子谓语,而是担任其他语法功能的动词,叫作非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词形式及其功能非谓语动词有3种形式:动词不定式,动名词和分词(含现在分词和过去分词)。
三.根据语法功能看非谓语动词的用法(一)作主语懂一点英语是一回事,掌握英语完全是另一回事。
通常用it做形式主语1.It + be + adj. + to do It’s important for us to learn English.2.It + be + n. + to do It’s a shame to behave like that.3.It + v. + (宾语) + to do It takes an exceptional teacher to cope with a student like that.4.It + be + prep. phr. + to do It is not within my power to answer the question.通常用it做形式主语1.It’s +adj. +doing It’s useless arguing about that.2.It’s + n. + doing It’s no use/no good arguing about that.3.There is后有时可以跟动名词做主语There is no denying that he is bad-tempered.动名词:表示客观性、一般性行为不定式:表示一次性、具体性行为(见ppt)(二)作宾语决心学会想希望,decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish,拒绝设法愿假装。
refuse, manage, care, pretend主动应答选计划,offer, promise, choose, plan同意请求帮一帮。
非谓语动词谓语动词与非谓语动词(1)_________many times, but he couldn't understand it.A. Having told him B. Though I have told himC. I have told him D. Havingbeen told(2)He won the first prize and _______surprised each of us.A. what B. which C. it D. as(3) ________, I had to walk home.A. There was no bus B. There being no busC. There were no buses D. There wasn't no bus
1.作_____Climbing hills is my hobby.2. 作_____I want to buy a pen.Thank you for helping me.3. 作_____My hobby is climbing hills.4. 作_____This is a book written by Luxun.5.作_____The boy sat at the corner, crying.Passing by the book store, I stopped to buy a book.
returned from the manager's office,telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.2. The meeting to be held in that hall has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4. He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.5. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.6. As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers bought by her mother. 7. To live is to struggle.
名词性成分作主语
Learning languages is my hobby.To learn languages is my hobby.
_____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A Exposed B. Having exposedC Being exposed D. After being exposed
——What made her worried —— a gold ring.A Lose B Lost C Losing D Because of losing
____ by the enemy is a good thing sometimes. A. To be attacked B. To be attacking C. To attack D. Attacked
区别:Learning languages is my hobby.To learn languages is my hobby.
句型1. It is no use/no good+doing---It is no use learning English.
2. There is no +名词+doing ---There is no point learning English---There is no telling what he is going to do.
3. Have difficulty(trouble,problem,fun)doing ---I had difficulty finding a place to live---Did you have any trouble getting a visa?It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. use B. help C. time D. way
? Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. There is no need ____with him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
? Thank you for the great trouble you've had ________ me with my computer work.A. helping B. to help C. with helping D. for helping
做名词性成分作宾/表
动词+ to dowant,wish,hope,expect,desire,long,intend,demand,request,plan,beg,ask,decide,determine,promise,agree,refuse,offer,pretend,prepare,manage,fail,learn,help,afford,choose,aim,apply,arrange,claim, swear,threaten
特殊疑问词+to do 除了____ 动词+ doing:suggest,mind,enjoy,miss,practice,escape/avoid,delay,excuse,advise,finish,imagine,admit, appreciate,understand,fancy,bear,stand (忍受),consider,keep (on),mention, put off ,give up, feel like ,can't help ,can't stand
(1)I admit ______________(steal) your money(2)He admit ______________(beat) by his mother(3)I advise ______________(hold) a meeting tomorrow(4)He suggested ________________ (give)a chance by the teacher (5)I enjoy _________________(live) here
Cao Cao's tomb is reported________in Anyang,which attracts nationwide attention. A.being found B.to be found C.having been found D.to have been found
Your cousin is said ________a new computer programme recently, but do you know when he will finish it A.to design B.to be designing C.to have been designing have designed The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ______.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch
The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
He claimed _________ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A. being badly treated B. treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated
We agreed ______ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met
Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
I don't know whether you happen _____,but I'm going to study in the this September.A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 练习:1.—What do you think made Mary so upset— ________ her new bike. A. As she lost B Lost C Losing D Because of losing old man claimed _______________ at the grand reception (招待会) held yesterday.A. Having been roughly treated B. roughly treated C. to be roughly treated D. to have been roughly treated were glad _________ something for the people.A. to have done B. to have doingC. to be done D. to have been done scientist was rewarded by the government for ________ such a great contribution to the country.A.make B.making C.beingmade D.having made. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C have set up D having set up 关于to:object to hope to