易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：
2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)D
A. being persuaded
B. persuading
C. to be persuaded
D. to persuade
4）作宾语补足语
It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication.
这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。
We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。
I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。
注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。”
能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。
【透视高考题】
1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) B
A. to make
B. to be made
C. to have been made
D. to be making
2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) A
A .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown
3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) A
A. to do
B. to be doing C done D doing
5）作定语
Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？
注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。
不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live in .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . (逻辑主语是I )
---Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now (逻辑主语不是I )
【透视高考题】
This company was the first ________ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. (2005 上海春)
A. producing
B. to produce
C. having produced
D. produced
简析：考查不定式作定语。在first, last等词后，要用不定式作定语。故B正确。
6）作状语
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year to visit her.
她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。
I am very happy to meet you. 我很高兴见到您。
注意：①有的语法学家将形容词后的不定式归到宾语。这类形容词有：able, afraid, anxious, careful, content, content, determined, foolish, prepared, ready, slow, willing等。
②在强调目的状语时，不定式前可加上in order或so as，即通常我们所说的“in order to/so as to”词组。有时候为了突出强调目的时，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to较少用于句首。
③在so… as to, enough to, only to, too…to等结构中，不定式表示结果。例如：
Will you be so kind as to open the window? 劳驾您打开窗户好吗？
He arrived at the airport only to find the plane had already taken off. 他到达机场（结果）却发现飞机已经起飞了。
【透视高考题】
It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ________ a look at the sports stars.
A. had
B. having
C. to have
D. have (2005 高考第35题)
简析：考查不定式作目的状语。运动爱好者在运动场外等三个小时的目的是为了看体育明星。故选C。
3. 不定式的否定结构
不定式的否定结构由“not＋不定式”构成，简言之，to前加not。例如：
She finally decided not to marry him. 她最终决定不嫁给他。
4. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加上不定式可构成一种特殊的结构，它的作用相当于一个名词性从句。同样一句话，英语里可用从句和不定式结构来表达，意思没有区别。试比较：
我不知道该怎么办。
I don’t know what I should do. (宾语从句，较正式)
I have no idea (of ) what I should do. (同位语从句，较正式)
I don’t know what to do. (疑问词＋不定式结构作宾语，简洁，较口语化)
I have no idea (of ) what to do. (疑问词＋不定式结构作同位语，简洁，较口语化)
注意：在Why (not) do sth.? 这个句式里，不定式不带to，例如：Why not try again? 为什么不再试试？
5. 不定式的时态与语态形式
所谓不定式的时态和语态形式是指不定式有完成式、进行式和被动式。例如：
I am very happy to have met your mother. 见到了你的母亲我非常高兴。（表明已经见到）
Her English seems to be improving. 她的英语似乎在长进。
This book is said to have been translated into Chinese. 据说这本书已译成了中文。（完成式和被动式）【透视高考题】
The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004年高考)
A. causing
B. being caused
C. to be caused
D. to have caused
简析：考查不定式被动式。这是个被动语态句型：Sb./Sth. is believed to do/be done/doing/haven done/have been done，根据句意，应该用被动式，故选C。
二、动名词
1. 动名词的构成与特征
动名词是由“动词原形＋ing”构成，与现在分词的构成完全相同。顾名思义，动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的特征。所谓的动词特征是说动名词可以有自己的宾语和状语，名词特征是指动名词可以像名词一样充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
Would you mind my closing the window? 我关上窗户你会介意吗？（有宾语the window）
2. 动名词的功能与用法
1）作主语
Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶打翻了，哭也无益。
注意：当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语，通常用在It is no use/ no good/a waste of time/ a great fun+doing…这些句子结构中。
【透视高考题】
Eu gene’s never willing to alter any of his opinions. It’s no use________ with him. (2006年高考第31题)
B
A.to argue B arguing C argued D having argued
2）作表语（表示主语所具有的特征）
The situation is encouraging. 情况挺振奋人心的。
His job is fixing computers. 他的工作是修电脑。
3）作动词宾语
Have you finished writing the article? 你写完那篇文章了吗？
She suggested going there by air, as plane tickets are very cheap. 由于机票很便宜，她建议乘飞机去那里。有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，这类动词常见的有：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy,
escape, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, stop, suggest等；短语动词有give up, insist on等。为了帮助大家记忆，现将最常用的10个动词的首字母缩略在一起：MEPSKARFI （梅不是咖啡）（M-mind, E-enjoy, P-practise, S-stop, suggest, K-keep, A-avoid, R-risk, F-finish, I-insist on）。
【透视高考题】
1.He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could’t risk ________ the good opportunity. (2005年高考第32题)
A.to lose
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. being lost
2.Bill suggested ________a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. (2009年高考第35题)
A having held
B to hold
C holding
D hold
简析：考查动名词作宾语。suggest后有三种情况：①意为“建议”，后接动名词作宾语，如此句，所以C为正确答案；②后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用“（should）+动词原形”；③表示“暗示”含义，后接that从句时，从句的谓语要用陈述语气。
4）作介词宾语
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me
我给他和他的妻子写了一封感谢信，因为他们帮助了我。
She didn’t feel like going out for a walk. 她不想出去散步。
【透视高考题】
Something as simple as ________some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.(2008年高考第35题) B
A to drink
B drinking
C to be drinking
D drunk
5）作定语
The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchill’s term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe.
铁幕是政治家温斯顿?丘吉尔使用的术语，指东欧与西欧的分界线。
3. 动名词的否定结构
动名词的否定结构是由“not＋动名词”构成。例如：
I am sorry for not handing in my homework on time. 很抱歉我没有按时交作业。
4. 动名词的时态与语态形式
所谓动名词的时态形式是指动名词有一般式和完成式两种，语态形式是说动名词有被动式。例如：Sorry to keep you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。（一般式）
Sorry for having kept you waiting so long. 对不起让你久等了。（完成式）
That’s all right. I don’t mind being kept waiting. 没关系。让我等了，我不会介意的。（被动式）
5. 动名词的复合结构
动名词有时带有自己的逻辑主语，这样就形成了动名词的复合结构。其构成形式为：“名词所有格（或物主代词）＋动名词”。
Mary’s coming late made the teacher very angry. 玛丽的迟到让老师很生气。（在口语中可用名词通格：Mary coming late made the teacher very angry.）
Do you still remember my first meeting with you? 你还记得我第一次与你见面的情景吗？（在口语中可用代词宾格：Do you still remember me first meeting with you? ）
【透视高考题】
I really can’t understand ________ her like that. (2005 安徽) D
A. you treat
B. you to treat
C. why treat
D. you treating
简析：考查动名词复合结构。understand后接动名词或动名词的复合结构作宾语。动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其动名词的逻辑主语可以用物主代词，也可以用人称代词宾格。此句中可用your treating 或you treating，故选D。
三、现在分词
1. 现在分词的构成与特征
现在分词由“动词原形＋ing”构成。现在分词亦有双重性，一方面具有动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语和状语，另一方面具有形容词的性质，可以像形容词一样充当定语等。例如：
My mother is in the kitchen making coffee. 我母亲在厨房里煮咖啡。（现在分词making有宾语tea）2. 现在分词的功能与用法
1）作表语
This English story is very interesting. 这篇英语故事非常有趣。
2）作宾语补足语
We felt the house shaking. 我们感觉房子在摇晃。
注意：现在分词与不定式都可以作宾语补足语，不定式表示动作的全过程，而现在分词则表示动作过程的一部分。试比较;
We saw him go downstairs.
We saw him going downstairs.
【透视高考题】
1.After a knock at the door, t he child heard his mother’s voice ________him.(2007年高考第34题) A
A calling
B called
C being called
D to call
2.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (2004 天津)
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
简析：考查现在分词作宾补。“lea ve＋宾语＋现在分词”意为“让…一直处于…（状态）”，正确答案为B。
3）作定语
It’s a most exciting film. 这是个激动人心的电影。
If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peacekeepers.
如果你看见士兵戴着天蓝色的头盔，他们就是联合国维和人员。
【透视高考题】
Not having received a reply, I sent her an e-mail again. 没有收到回复，于是我又给她发了一封电子邮件。（注意不可以写成：Having not received a reply,…）
4. 现在分词独立结构
“名词（或代词）＋现在分词”构成现在分词的独立结构，这个名词或代词就是现在分词的逻辑主语。这种结构常用于书面语，置于句首或句末，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随动作。Weather permitting, we will go climbing the mountain. 时间允许的话，我们去爬山。（表示条件）
He guiding us, we had no trouble in finding his house. 他引着我们，我们毫不费劲就找到了他的家。（表示方式）
【透视高考题】
I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________. (2005 北京)
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
简析：考查现在分词的独立结构。with后接复合宾语，现在分词作宾补，表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，“with＋复合宾语”作方式状语。根据句意，“在有噪音的情况下无法做作业”，再根据句子结构，只有A正确。
5.现在分词的时态与语态形式
现在分词的时态形式是指现在分词有一般式和完成式两种，语态形式是说现在分词有被动式。以writing 为例说明其变化形式：
一般式writing being written
完成式having written having been written
E.g. Having finished all his work, he went back home. 完成了所有的工作以后，他回家了。（现在分词的完成式，相当于时间状语从句：After he had finished all his work, he went back home. ）
The high building being built over there will be a modern hotel. 那里正在建的高楼将是一座现代化的宾馆。（现在分词的被动式，作定语，相当于一个定语从句：The high building which is being built over there will be a modern hotel.）
【透视高考题】
1.The manager, ________ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (2005 江西)
A. who has made
B. having made
C. made
D. making 简析：考查现在分词完成式作状语。表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。所以B正确，A不正确，是因为时态不对，改成who had made才对。
2.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ________ a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached
B. reaching
C. to reach
D. to be reaching (2005 山东)
简析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。reaching a record…分词短语进一步提供信息，用分词一般式即可。故选B。
四、过去分词
1. 过去分词的构成与特征
过去分词也是一种非限定动词。过去分词也有双重性，既具有动词的性质，又有形容词的性质。过去
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
词谓语动非在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）. 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：+“特殊疑问句+to , 疑问词+动词）2（．t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I don't decide when to go there. I can'注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign
英语非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ★1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 注意：不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ①常用不定式做主语的句型有： 常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. (常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.) It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth. (常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.) ②常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.★2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：
2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)D A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 4）作宾语补足语 It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. 这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。 We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。 I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。 注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。” 能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。 【透视高考题】 1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) B A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making 2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) A A .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) A A. to do B. to be doing C done D doing 5）作定语 Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？ 注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live in . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
高考英语非谓语动词 定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等 一、非谓语动词基本形式 1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do 2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing 现在分词：doing not doing 1. 分词 过去分词：done not done 二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化 1.
* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的句法功能 （1）二者作主语的差别： 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG. Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作） （2）下列句型常用动名词作主语 no use/good not any use/good It is/was + of little use/good + doing sth worth EG. It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 （3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语 It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ?+ for sb. to do sth. ④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ?+ of sb. to do sth.
非谓语动词使用精华讲义 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。 the violi n over there will go on the stage next week. 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语，宾语和表语的比较 1表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的 动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。 3、不定式及 动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it 作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving 分词作表语时，表示 令人……的； 女口： exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 ..... ”如：excited 等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain 等系动词后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态。 女0 remain seated 等。 【即境活用】 (1) __________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disaPPear) made them worried. (2) It 'm porta nt _______________ . (对于我们来说学英语很重要) ⑶It 'kind _____________________ .(帮助我你真是太好了) (4) ______ (ex po se)to sun light for too much time will do harm to one ’ s skin. (5) rve worked with childre n before, so I know what ____ (ex pect)i n my new job. (6) Travelli ng is ___________________ . (累但有趣) (7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ____ they will enjoy it. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 )作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 )介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如： admit, dislike, app reciate, avoid, enjoy )动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语，又跟 to do 作宾语。 )need, require, want, deserve + doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done )有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有： 【即境活用】The childre n (p lay) (see) whether
非谓语动词 一、什么？ 非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。 一、不定式： 基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/never+不定式 动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例） 用法： A. 做主语 1. 放句首 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 没有准时到哪里是我的错 2.为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后 B. 做宾语 1. 跟在动词后面： wish（希望）hope（希望）plan（计划）expect（期待）等 2. 跟在形容词后面： able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。 C. 做宾补 不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。形式： 1. 谓语动词+sb/sth to do sth advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。 我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。 2.省略to 一、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice 我昨天听到他们在唱歌。I heard them sing yesterday. 二、make, let, have 他希望做什么就让他做好了。 D. 做状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 1 表示目的 我省钱为了买一台电脑。I’m saving money to buy a computer. 2 表示结果 My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. (Only to do sth) 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 3 表示原因 I am very glad to see you. 4 表示条件 To have a talk with him, you would like him. 5:表程度 He was too excited to say a work. He is old enough to go to school E. 做表语 他的愿望是做一个老师。
非谓语动词 非谓 相对谓语动词的时间意义例句 语动 词 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home. 一般是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wish I hope to see you. 等。 式不 I saw him come in. 定式 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多 数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾 He helped him (to) carry things. 语。 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) He insisted on doing that work 一般 等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发 式动 生。 名词 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;I remember seeing him before. upon after代替完成动名词表 示的动作在谓语 动词表示的动作先发生。 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语 持续性 动词表示的动作同时发生。 现动词 在 一般 分说明分词表示的动作发生之后， 式分 词终止性 句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发 词动词 生。 过持续性通常说明分词表示的动 作，此句动词中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 去On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
第5 讲非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。 2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。 3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生 理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使 文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。
观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。 1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job. 2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy. 3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain. 4.The wind spread the moving story all over China. 5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.
非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词 形式主动被动 不定式 to do to be done to be doing - to have done to have been done 现在分词 doing being done having done having been done 过去分词- done 动名词形式同现在分词
非谓语动词 宏观概念： （1）to do :将要做、未做、待做 （2）doing:正在做、伴随状态,表示主动关系（3）Done:已经做完，表示被动关系 不定式的功能（除了谓语都能做）1.不定式做主语：
2.不定式做宾语： 3.不定式做表语：. 4.不定式做定语：. 5.不定式做状语： 6.不定式做宾语补足语： 7. 动名词的功能（因为名贵，所以干的都是主要功能）1.doing做主语：
2.doing做宾语： 3.doing做表语： 4.doing做定语： 5.doing做状语：（一个主语发出两个动作，主要动作用谓语，
次要动作用非谓语，主动用doing、被动用done） 6.doing做宾语补足语： 7.现在分词的否定： 8.现在分词的独立成分： 9.现在分词的独立主格结构：（两个主语发出两个动作，主要主语做的事情用谓语，次要主语做的事情用非谓语，把次要主要摆在前面，和后面的动词如果是主动关系用doing,被动关系用done） Xiao ming beaten ,I cried.(独立主格，被动) Xiao ming beating a girl , I cried.(独立主格，主动) Beaten,I cried.(不是独立主格。一个人做了两件事，次要动作用非谓语，被动) 10.现在分词的主动表被动：
过去分词的功能（因为是分身，所以干杂活） 1.过去分词做表语：（一种表示被动一种表示状态或者感受） Seat 及物动词，所以有被动sb be seated (可以说是被动，也可以说是一种状态) Sit 不及物动词，所以没有被动sb is sitting. Dress 是及物动词，dress sb =sb be dressed(可以表示被动，可以表示状态) He is dressing himself（及物动词，必须挂着一个宾语） He is dressed up （被动，be dressed ,up 是副词，表示起来；be dressed up 可以看做一个词组，表示状态，化妆） 2.过去分词做定语：（表示被动）
非谓语动词讲解1 一、判断下面中的谓语和非谓语形式： 1.Mr. Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 2.Studying english is my favorite. 3.Jim was watching a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 4.Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 5.To help him is my duty. 6.The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 二、在下文这里找出非谓语动词形式：用横线划出 Carrying the heart fulled of joy，taking my little umbrella,I rushed into trees shaking their branches said hello to me, as return for their enthusiasm，I danced like a cute butterfly around straight,I noticed a some guys squatting under the eaves and they should avoid the rain,I guess. Soon,I arrived at the symbol of our city—Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) .Even though in the heavy rain，the statue raising her flame and holding the the Declaration of Independence was still splendid and ,I approached my home,surrounded by a pretty garden. I entirely experience the enjoyment of nature. "Honey,hurry! I can wait for you but the dinner can't" Mom is a little urgent. I entered the house... "Thanks! Mom" "And don't forget the homework to be done! " "Oh!Jesus!" 三、考谓语还是非谓语： 1. when we saw the road _________(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 2. the room is empty except for a bookshelf _________(stand) in one corner. 3. according to a survey in 2012, over 30 percent of the population of the city __________(persuade) into shopping in the mall. 4. when I got back home I saw a note pinned to the door, _________(read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call you later.” 5. for years the government of that country _________(ignore) their responsibility when it comes to the mentally ill. 6. I _________(give) a lesson in the classroom when you called me, so I didn’t answer it. quarrel __________(lead) to the fight started from their disbelief in each other. 8. –you look tired, Mike. --oh, I stayed up last night, ________(watch) the final of the Voice of China on TV.
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制， 动词不定式 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数To do such things is foolish.
语法专项非谓语 非谓语动词是英语学习的难点，也是语法填空题的重要考核点。 做语法填空时要先判断是否要填非谓语形式；然后根据句意判断使用非谓语动词的何种形式：不定式、动名词还是分词。对于非谓语部分，我们要掌握其形式和用法。 一、动词不定式 表示一般的状态；表示动作时有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 例句：（请在划线部分填上所给词的正确形式） ●他似乎知道这件事。 He seems ____________ (know) this matter. ●他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 They invited us ___________ ( go ) there this summer. (2)不定式的进行式 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 ●他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 He pretended ___________________ (listen) to the teacher carefully. (3)不定式的完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 ●对我来说，在你们国家玩了这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 It’s an honor for me _________________(travel) so many places in your country. (4)不定式的完成进行式 表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 ●据说她很多年一直在研究这个问题、 She is known ______________ (work) on the problem for many years. (5)不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。 ●他要求被派往农村工作。 He asked ________________(send) to work in the countryside. ●对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。 It's a good thing for him ________________ (scold) by the teacher.
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。