中考英语语法精讲例析介词
(一) 知识概要
介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。这样长期下去不断学习自然会总结出一套自己的规律来。下面是一般的规律，可帮助学习时参考，千万不要作为定律去背诵，照搬。
介词表示时间表示地点方位表示原因方式其他
about 大约在……时间 about five o'clock 在周围，大约多远 about five kilometres 关于、涉及
talk about you
above 高出某一平面
above sea level
across 横过walk across the street对面across the street
after 在……之后
after supper
跟……后面
one after another
追赶
run after you
against 背靠逆风
against the wall, against the wind
反对
be against you
among 三者以上的中间
among the trees
at 在某时刻
at ten
在小地点
at the school gate
表示速度
at high speed
向着，对着
at me
before 在……之前
before lunch
位于……之前
sit before me
behind 位于……之后
behind the tree
below 低于……水平
below zero
不合格
below the standard
by 到……时刻，在……时刻之前
by five o'clock
紧挨着
site by site
乘坐交通工具 by air, by bick 被由
was made by us
during 在……期间during the holidays
for 延续多长时间
for five years
向……去
leave for Shanghai 为了，对于
be good for you
from 从某时到……某时 from morning till night 来自何方 from New Y ork
由某原料制成be made from
来自何处
where are you from
in 在年、月、周较长时间内 in a week 在里面
in the room
用某种语言 in English 穿着
in red
into 进入……里面
walk into
除分
divide into
变动
turn into water
near 接近某时 near five years 在……附近 near the park
of 用某种原料制成
be made of
属于……性质
a map of U. S .A
on 某日、某日的上下午on Sunday afternoon 在……上面 on the desk 靠吃……为生live on rice 关于 a book on Physics over 渡过一整段时间 work over night 在上方
over the desk
超过，高于 over five pairs
past 超过某一时刻
ten past five
经过某地
walk past the park
since 从某时以来
since 1980
原因
Since you were ill
through 经过某一时期 through his life 通过、穿过某地 through the forest
till until 直到某时为止 till five o'clock
to 差多少时间
five to ten
问，到，去往
to Shanghai
面对面
face to face
给予give a book to me
under 在……下面
under the desk
少于
under ten
在……管制之下under the rule
with 用某种工具 with a pen 带着，具有
with me
without 没有
without air
(二) 正误辨析
［误］We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.
［正］We got to the top of the mountain at day break.
［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。［误］Don't sleep at daytime
［正］Don't sleep in daytime.
［析］in 要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：in the morning / afternoon, 或in the week / month / year. 或in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。
［误］We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.
［正］We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
［析］in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th ［误］He became a writter at his twenties
［正］He became a writter in his twenties
［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。
［误］He went to New Y ork to find a job in sixteen years old.
［正］He went to New Y ork to find a job at sixteen.
［析］在具体年岁前用at, 如：at the age of 12，at your age，等等。
［误］We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
［正］We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.
［析］具体某一天要用介词on, 又如：on New Y ear's Day
［误］I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.
［正］I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.
［析］在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。
［误］I haven't see you during the summer holidays.
［正］I haven't seen you since the beginning of the summer holidays.
［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：I haven't see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为"整整，全部的时间"。如：It rained through the night. 而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。
［误］At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［正］On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
［析］On 加动名词表示"一……就"。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：on hearing…一听见，on arrival 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
［误］In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［正］At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
［析］at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end＝at last是指"最终，终于"之意。
［误］Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［正］By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
［析］by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为"不迟于某一时刻将工作做完"，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I'll be there by five o'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.
［误］He came to London before last weekend.
［正］He had come to London before last weekend.
［正］He came to London two weeks ago.
［析］before 一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。
［误］I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
［正］I have studied English for three years since I came here.
［析］since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态
［误］I can help you repair this bike. Y ou will get it after two hours.
［正］I can help you repair this bike. Y ou will get it in two hours.
［析］中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New Y ork. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ②after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。
［误］Three days after he died.
［正］After three days he died.
［正］Three days later he died.
［析］after 与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。
［误］She hid herself after the tree.
［正］She hid herself behind the tree.
［析］after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
［误］There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
［正］There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
［析］树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
［误］Shanghai is on the east of China.
［正］Shanghai is in the east of China.
［析］在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
［误］I arrived at New Y ork on July 2nd.
［正］I arrived in New Y ork on July 2nd.
［析］at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
［误］He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
［正］He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
［析］在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。
［误］There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.
［正］There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
［析］在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.
［误］This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.
［正］This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.
［析］要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor's shop (裁缝店)＝at a tailor's, at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在书店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家) ［误］Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?
［正］Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?
［析］在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。 ［误］The school will begin on September 1st.
［正］School will begin on September 1st.
［析］这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)，When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 还有：at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)，in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜 如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
［误］In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
［正］On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
［析］译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光 "在……的路上"应用on one's way…。而in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。
［误］Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.
［正］Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
［正］Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.
［析］in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into 则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。
［误］I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
［正］I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
［正］I'll leave for Shanghai.
［析］leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for，sail for。
［误］I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.
［正］I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
［析］get in, 与get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'd better get in. 或We'd better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on／off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into／out of (a car, taxi…)
［误］Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. ［正］Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.
［析］over 与above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.
［误］There is an old stone bridge above the river.
［正］There is an old stone bridge over the river.
［析］over还有一意为"跨越，横跨"。
［误］The Dead Sea is under the sea level.
［正］The Dead Sea is below the sea level.
［析］在垂直下方要用below. 也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。
［误］There is a big tree in the front of the house.
［正］There is a big tree in front of the house.
［析］in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.
［误］It took them two days to walk across the forest.
［正］It took them two days to walk through the forest.
［析］across 作为介词有两个主要意思：①横过，如：I want to walk across the street.②对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.
［误］The sun sets toward the west.
［正］The sun sets in the west.
［析］towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China. ［误］Do you have no other clothes except those?
［正］Do you have no other clothes besides those?
［析］beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"，如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that 则要加从句。
［误］Can I write the exam paper with ink?
［正］Can I write the exam paper with a pen?
［正］Can I write the exam paper in ink?
［析］with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。 ［误］I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.
［正］I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.
［析］在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。 by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train
by bicycle=on a bicycle
by ship=on a ship
by boat=in a boat
by bus=on a bus
by plane=on a plane
by air 空运
by land 陆运
by sea 海运
on foot on horseback
by phone by letter by radio
by air mail by hand
［误］ A lot of French wines are made of grape.
［正］ A lot of French wines are made from grape.
［析］made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.
［误］This is a good dictionary in English grammar.
［正］This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
［析］关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about 则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。 ［误］Do you have the key of the door.
［正］Do you have the key to the door.
［析］key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千万不要用of。
［误］Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.
［正］Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.
［析］have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。
［误］I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.
［正］I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.
［析］be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.
［误］He was good for skating.
［正］He was good at skating.
［析］be good at 为"擅长某事"，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。 ［误］It was good to you to help my little boy.
［正］It was good of you to help my little boy.
［析］这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.
［误］My parents were very pleased at me.
［正］My parents were very pleased with me.
［正］My parents were very pleased at my studying.
［析］be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。 ［误］He is agree with me.
［正］He agrees with me.
［误］He againsts me.
［正］He is against me.
［析］同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。 ［误］I haven't heard letters from him.
［正］I haven't heard from him.
［析］hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。
［误］Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?
［正］Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?
［析］作为"拜访"讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。
［误］Do you know the girl on white?
［正］Do you know the girl in white?
［析］in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中),in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)，out of order(出故障)
［误］He looked at me at surprise.
［正］He looked at me in surprise.
［析］surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，To one's surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ②be surprised at, 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.
［误］She didn't come to school because of she was ill.
［正］She didn't come to school because she was ill.
［析］because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.
(三) 例题解析
1 - Thank you ＿＿＿the beautiful flowers!
- Not at all.
A in
B on
C at
D for
［答案］D.
［析］由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2 Can you answer this question ＿＿＿English?
A by
B in
C with
D from
［答案］B.
［析］in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.
3 Look ＿＿＿the map ＿＿＿China ＿＿＿the wall, please.
A after, of, in
B at, of, in
C after, in, on
D at, of, on
［答案］D.
［析］look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?
- He arrived there ＿＿＿the evening of December 6th.
A at
B in
C on
D to
［答案］C.
［析］in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。
5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ＿＿＿our teacher's face.
A off
B near
C on
D between
［答案］C.
6 The twins got on well ＿＿＿their classmates.
A to
B in
C with
D about
［答案］C.
［析］get on well with与人相处很好。
7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿Saturday evening.
A in
B at
C on
D for
［答案］C.
8 Let's hurry，or we'll be late ＿＿＿school
A to
B at
C with
D for
［答案］D.
［析］be late for，而come late to，如：Don't come late to school
9 They will have a maths test ＿＿＿two days
A for
B at
C in
D after
［答案］C.
［析］三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after，after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。
10 My brother joined the army ＿＿＿
A 1989，March
B in March，1989
C March，1989
D 1989，in March
［答案］B.
［析］在月份、年、前用介词in，而日子前用on。
11 He couldn't work out the maths problem ＿＿＿your help
A without
B under
C for
D with
［答案］A.
［析］在某人帮助下应用with，如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily 而要是没有你的帮助则用without your help
12 Granny took one look at us ＿＿＿her glasses
A by
B through
C on
D in
［答案］B.
［析］through 为穿过……。
13 We had our breakfast ＿＿＿a quarter ＿＿＿seven
A /，to
B in，to
C at，to
D on，to
［答案］C.
［析］具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 I learn French ＿＿＿the radio every day
A on
B in
C from
D at
［答案］A.
［析］从收音机中听到某事应用词组on the radio。
15 It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿line
A in
B on
C at
D with
［答案］A.
［析］in line 为排队。
16 How many English words had you learnt ＿＿＿last term?
A by the end of
B at the end of
C to the end of
D till the end of
［答案］A.
［析］by the end of 为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合
17 The manager was very satisfied ＿＿＿his work
A in
B on
C about
D with
［答案］D.
［析］be satisfied with 为固定搭配。
18 John hit Jack ＿＿＿face
A on the
B in the
C on his
D in his
［答案］B.
［析］英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词＋the＋身体部位，如：He caught the boy by the arm。
19 I was born ＿＿＿the night ＿＿＿September 15，1978
A in，on
B at，on
C at，in
D on，of
［答案］D.
［析］在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿people when they are ＿＿＿trouble
A over，in
B at，in
C in，at
D at，for
［答案］B.
［析］laugh at 嘲笑某人，laugh over 笑着谈论某人或某事，in trouble 陷入困境。
21 I can't do this work well ＿＿＿Tom's help
A under
B for
C without
D from
［答案］C.
22 Don't shout ＿＿＿the old woman。 Y ou should be more polite ＿＿＿her
A to，at
B at，to
C in，for
D from，for
［答案］B.
［析］shout at 为"冲某人喊叫"，而be polite to somebody 为"对某人和气。"
23 We must be strict ＿＿＿our selves ＿＿＿everything
A with，in
B in，with
C with，to
D to，of
［答案］A.
［析］be strict with 对某人严格要求。
24 He went to the football match ＿＿＿lunch last Sunday
A to
B without
C behind
D between
［答案］B.
［析］without lunch 未吃午饭。
25 The people's Republic of China was founded ＿＿＿1949
A with
B on
C since
D in
［答案］D.
［析］在年代前用in。因句子是过去时而不是完成时，所以不能用since。
26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou ＿＿＿a few days
A in
B after
C on
D at
［答案］B.
［析］这句话应译为：几天之后Mr Black 到达了杭州。而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事，所以选B。
27 - Has the teacher given you any advice ＿＿＿your English study?
- Y es，he has
A from
B with
C on
D in
［答案］C.
［析］给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。
28 Y ou may depend ＿＿＿him He is ＿＿＿honest man
A on，a
B in，an
C on，an
D at，the
［答案］C.
［析］depend on 为"依靠某人或某事"，而honest 的首字母h 不发音。
29 ＿＿＿my joy，I can answer this question
A With
B To
C By
D For
［答案］B.
［析］To one's joy 意为"使我高兴的是。"
30 The teacher asked the students to look ＿＿＿the word in the dictionary
A for
B at
C up
D after
［答案］C.
［析］look for 寻找，look at 看，look after 照顾，look up 查字典。
31 A little monkey is playing ＿＿＿a tree and there are a lot of bananas ＿＿＿it
A on，on
B in，on
C on，in
D in，in
［答案］B.
［析］树上长出的果实为on the tree 而其他外来之物要用in the tree，表达在树上。
32 I go to school ＿＿＿bus every morning.
A. in
B. by
C. on
D. at
［答案］ B.
［析］by后直接加交通工具，表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
33 No one likes a person ＿＿＿bad manners.
A. without
B. on
C. out of
D. with
［答案］ D.
［析］with bad manners 有不良习惯的人。
34 The policeman was surprised ＿＿＿the news.
A. into
B. for
C. at
D. out of
［答案］ C.
［析］be surprised at 对某事吃惊。
35 He had to sell newspapers ＿＿＿seven.
A. at an age of
B. at the ages of
C. at the age of
D. at age of
［答案］ C.
［析］at the age of 在几岁时。
36 The little girl couldn't help ＿＿＿when she saw a large dog.
A. cried
B. to cry
C. crying
D. cries
［答案］ C.
［析］couldn't help＋动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事，或禁不住做某事。
37 Jack was born ＿＿＿March 1st, 1978.
A. on
B. in
C. at
D. of
［答案］ A.
［析］日期，时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
38 Edison was very interested ＿＿＿science when he was a boy.
A. to
B. on
C. in
D. about
［答案］ C.
［析］be interested in something 对某事感兴趣。
39 The teacher was very satisfied ＿＿＿her answer.
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. with
［答案］ D.
40 The story happened ＿＿＿Beijing.
A. in
B. with
C. for
D. on
［答案］ A.
(五)介词和介词短语 Ⅰ.词汇运用。 A)根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。 1．He lived with us during(在……期间) these years. 2．My mother goes shopping every weekend—there is a shopping mall just across(在……对面) from our house. 3．The plane is flying above(在……上方) the clouds. 4．Mr.Green has stayed in China since(自从) 2015. 5．There is a library between(在……之间) the bank and the supermarket. B)根据句意，用适当的介词填空。 6．—When is Mike's birthday? —His birthday is on April 21st. 7．As a wonderful volleyball player，Zhu Ting is known to people all over the world. 8．You can improve your English by listening to English songs. 9．These books are on sale，so you can choose some you need. 10．Don't worry！I think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty. 11．The girl with long curly hair is my classmate in the college. 12．Good books are like wise friends.They can give you advice when you have brouble. 13．Sarah is very good at dancing and singing.She wants to be an actress in the future. 14．We can listen to some soft music to make us feel relaxed. 15．This kind of bread is terrible.I don't want to eat it any more. 16．The best way of solving the problem is to keep on trying. Ⅱ.单项选择。 (B)1.—Is the tie made ________ silk? —Yes.And it's made ________ Italy. A．from；by B．of；in C．from；of D．of；from (D)2.—What time shall we meet ________ Sunday? —Let's meet ________ 10：00. A．in；at B．in；on C．on；in D．on；at (D)3.—I left my keys in the room yesterday.I had to get in ________ the window. —It's dangerous to do that. A．above B．across C．over D．through (D)4.Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________ the windows. A．below B．across C．behind D．against (C)5.If you get on well ________ your classmates，you'll enjoy your school life more. A．to B．at C．with D．in (B)6.If you were a little more careful，you could find the key ________ the door ________ the corner of the room. A．of；of B．to；in C．at；in D．to；of (D)7.The man was very busy and usually worked ________ a break until about 10：00 in the evening. A．with B．in C．for D．without (C)8.As students，we must work hard.________，we should also pay much attention to our health. A．As a result B．To be honest
初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.
2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
中考英语语法考点重点解析 中考英语语法考点重点分析（一） 中考是一种比较激烈的选拔性考试，它承担着为高级中学挑选优秀学生的任务，所以它一定要有必要的难度和区分度，我们在认真分析了近五年上海中考原题语法和词汇部分后（20xx年至20xx年），下面扼要的总结了些上海中考的重点和考点，帮助广大学生熟悉考试的具体要求和重点，为学生们备战中考提供必要的帮助。 初中生因为刚涉及英语学习，语法方面还没有过多学复合句等问题，中考的考核绝大多数是以词法为主，20xx年到20xx年语法单项选择15道题，涉及句法的题寥寥，一般在2道左右。20xx年单项选择增加到20道考核句法的题也没有超过两道。这体现了中考英语语法考核重在考察各种词法，强调最基础的学习和积累，为以后的高中学习打下牢固的基本功。 冠词和代词注意的问题： 例：The scientists from United States live in Ninth street.（20xx 上海中考题） A. the……the B. /……the C. /……/ D. the……/ 解析：这是考察冠词的一道典型试题，需要强调的是学生要牢牢记住一些冠词的特殊用法，如普通名词构成专有名词一定要用the 如：the Great wall长城 the Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆 the New Oriental School 新东方学校。另外注意零冠词的用法：街道、广场、
公园的前面不用任何冠词。所以这道题是选择D。 例：Liu xiang and Yao ming are world-famous sports stars.____ of them have set a good example to us .(20xx年上海中考题) A. all B. neither C. both D. none 例：There are many new high-rises on ___ side of Huaihai Road .What a magnificent view!（20xx年上海中考题） A. either B. neither C. both D. all 解析：代词部分尤其是不定代词部分历来是考试的重点。Both 是指两者的全肯定，是说都怎么样，而all是说全部都，这是在指三个人或者以上；none是指三个人或者以上都不怎么样，是否定的概念，neither是说两者的都不怎么样，也是否定的概念；最重要的是either这个单词，它表示两者都怎么样和both一样是肯定的，但是只说一个或者是任何一个。就上面这道题来讲，第一题说刘翔和姚明都给我们树立了榜样，两者的都肯定，所以选择C. 后一题是说淮海路两旁都是高楼大厦，按道理来讲应该是选择both，但是注意side 是一边，这是个单数，所以是说任意一边都是高楼大厦，选择A. 动词方面需要注意的问题： 一、近意动词的辨析选择 例：The VIPs from 21 countries will ___the APEC in Shanghai this autumn.（20xx年上海中考题） A. hold B. take part in C. join D. attend
一、选择题 1．My cousin Mary was born ＿＿＿ a singing voice. A．from B．in C．with 2．It is reported that he won an award________Best Actor________his role in that film. A．as; in B．as; for C．for;for D．for; in 3．—There is a hole in the wall. What is it for? —We have a dog. He can get in or out ________ it. A．past B．through C．across D．over 4．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 5．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 6．The girl often goes to the park many beautiful flowers. A．with B．have C．has D．in 7．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 8．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 9．Jiangsu Development Summit was open _____ May 20th in Nanjing. A．on B．in C．at D．by 10．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 11．It’s necessary for Tony to do ____ thing ____ his classmates do. A．same, as B．same, like C．the same, to D．the same, as 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．---What’s your hobby ? ---______collecting balls, I also like different kinds of CDs. A．Besides B．Except C．Beside D．About 14．Can you jiaozi English? A．say;with B．speak;in C．say;in D．tell;about 15．My best friend is now________China, so I want to go________China, too. A．in；on B．on；to C．of；for D．in；to 16．Jim and Tim are talking _______ the phone. A．at B．on C．with D．in
英语语法之介词 一、定义：介词常用于名词或代词之前，表示该词与句子其它成分之间的关系，一般在句 子中不单独作句子任何成分。 二、分类： 三、用法及辨析 1. at/ in /on . 表示时间： A：at表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄 at six o’clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night B：in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties C：on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时. On Mon day on New Year’s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st ,2007
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。 多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月空蹉跎。 ②表地点: A:at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema B: in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom C: on 指在某物体的表面上. on the desk 注意: 写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可. He lives at 270 Dong Chang’an Street. 2. in /on / to 表方位: ① in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系) Taiwan is ____ the southeast of China. ② on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系) Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan. ③to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系) Japan is _____ the east of China. 3. between / among 在……之间 ①between :指两者之间. 在…….之间. ②among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中. You sit _____ him and me. The song is popular ______ the students. 4. with / in / by 表示“用……” ①with 表示“用…” 一般指有形的工具/ 手段/ 人体器官.
初中英语语法大全：介词 I介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如： The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II表示时间的介词 表示“时间”的介词如下： 1.表示年、月、日、时刻等用at，in，on 2.表示时间的前后用before，after 3.表示期限等用by，until，till 4.表示期间等用for，during，through 5.表示时间的起点等用from，since 6.表示时间的经过等用in，within (1) at，on，in 1)at：用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at noon正午时at night在夜间at present目前 at nine（o’clock）在九点钟 We usually have lunch at noon（at twelve）.
我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 (2)on：用于某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一天时，一律用on）注意: 泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on。in the morning在早上 on sun day morning在周日早上 on Monday在周一 on Tuesday morning在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4，1996在1996年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon 上周三下午我们没去听演讲。 (3)in：用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上。 注意: 在this，last，next，every等词前面不能再加介词。 this morning今天上午last Friday 上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday（week，spring…） 每周一（每星期，每个春季……） in the week在这周in May在五月in spring在春季
马上就要中考了，祝大家中考都考上一个理想的高中！欢迎同学们下载，希望能帮助到你们！ 2020最新中考英语语法知识点汇总
一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、 程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通 常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小 姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词 担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打 扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者 “怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由
2020届中考语法专练之介词讲解及配套真题专练 一、介词的种类 1）根据结构分类 简单介词：即由一个词构成的单一介词。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。 复合介词：即由两个词组合在一起的介词，也称合成介词。 如：without，inside，outside，into，within 短语介词：即由短语构成的介词。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。 2）根据意义分类 表示地点的介词：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。 表示时间的介词：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until 等。 表示原因的介词：for，with，from等。 表示手段和方式的介词：by，in，with等。 表示“除去”的介词：but，except，besides等。 表示其他含义的介词：about (关于，大约), on (关于), without (没有), off (从……离开), instead of (代替), with (和)等。 二、. 介词短语的功能 介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语可以在句子中作下列成分： 1）作表语： She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演员。 What’s the book about? 这本书是讲什么的？ 2）作宾语补足语： A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他卧床一周。 I found my mother on the bus. 我发现我妈妈在公交车上。 3）作状语： I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。 The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face. 那位老师面带笑容进了教室。 4）作定语： A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 三、中考经常考查的几组介词的用法 1) 时间介词：at/ in/ on 表示具体的时间点（几点钟）前面用介词at。 I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六点起床。 注意： at dinner time 在（吃）晚饭时at night 在夜间at weekends / the weekend 在周末 表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期几、节日等时间的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚
初中英语语法专项练习八一一介词 一?选择填空： 1http://doc.xuehai.neMbabf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html . Mrs. Brown came to Chi na ___ 1996. A. from B . of C . to D . in 2. The room was full ___ smoke after the big fire. A. of B . with C . in D . for 3 . Here are some prese nts __ you ____ our best wishes. A . to; with B . for; with C . of; about D . for; for 4 . Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born ___ Jun e, 1956. A . in B . at C . on D . for 5 . The little boy is always in terested ___ scie nee. A . with B . by C . in D . at 6 . Li Lei ofte n gets up __ seve n o'clock on Sun days. A . on B . in C . at D . for 7. They arrived early ____ a Tuesday morning.
A. on B . at C . in D . of 8. ________________________________________ Macao （澳门）will return to our motherland _____________________________ December 20th, 1999. A. on B . at C . in D . for 9 . ----When were you born? ----1 was born ___ August 25, 1983. A . on B . in C . at D . to 10 . Let me show you the place __ the map. A . with Bhttp://doc.xuehai. net/babf2bcbb7f67468081b60340.html on C. in 11. Joh n knows __ a computer. A . how to use B . how use C . how uses 12 . The visitors ___ Japa n arrived ___ Beiji ng Stati on last Tuesday morni ng. A . from; at B . of; to C . from; to D . of; on 13 . The teacher will be back __ an hour. A . in B . after C . on
中考英语重点语法解析 一．英语语法重点与难点 1、as…as…结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom. 2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak. (2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。 John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. 5、the more….. the more….表示“越……越……”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is.
一、选择题 1．We have four lessons ________ the morning. A．in B．on C．at D．for 2．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 3．The elephant is the only animal__________a trunk- a special long nose. A．For B．with C．to 4．Our school pl ans to have a parents’ meeting_______ the afternoon_______ January 27th. A．in; of B．on; in C．on; of D．in; at 5．--There are many theatres _________the island. --Yes, Broadway is the southern end of the island.. A．at; at B．on; on C．at; on D．on; at 6．Although he was ____________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. A．against B．on C．for D．in 7．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 8．---Would you like some coffee? --Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _________ milk. A．on B．to C．for D．with 9．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 10．It’s necessary for Tony to do ____ thing ____ his classmates do. A．same, as B．same, like C．the same, to D．the same, as 11．______ Sunday morning my sister usually does her homework, and ______ the afternoon she usually plays tennis. A．On; on B．In; in C．On; in D．In; on 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．Thanks ______your family photos, they are very nice. A．to B．in C．for D．at 14．I want to learn English well because I don’t want to talk with foreigners ________ anybody else. A．by B．through C．across D．at 15．Jim and Tim are talking _______ the phone.
英语语法介词归纳总结(1) 一、单项选择介词 1． The equipment for all of the disabled people ought to be _________ easy reach in public. A．beyond B．within C．near D．around 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查介词。A超越；B在……之内；靠近；D周围。句意：所有残疾人设备都应当在公共场合容易得到。故B正确。 考点：考查介词 2．As is known to all, the law requires equal treatment for all, ________ race, religion, or gender. A．in spite of B．in terms of C．regardless of D．in virtue of 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：众所周知，法律要求人人平等，不论种族、宗教或性别。A. in spite of尽管，不管；B. in terms of在…方面，从…角度看; C. regardless of不管，不顾; D. in virtue of由于。in spite of与regardless of的使用语境是不同的。in spite of 意为“即使...也不...”是否定语气。例句：He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.他虽竭尽全力，但仍然未能将那石头搬起来。regardless of 表示“无论…都要…”的意思，是肯定语气。例句： I shall go regardless of the weather.我不管天气如何都要去。因此两个词在语气和意思上都有明显差别，故选C。 3．Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here. A．with B．over C．at D．about 【答案】D 【解析】 题意是“就在这儿工作的原因，现代化的设备和无烟环境是我喜欢在这儿工作的两个原因。”about表示“关于，就…而言”。 4．Elizabeth has already achieved success_____her wildest dreams. A．at B．beyond C．within D．upon 【答案】B 【解析】 Elizabeth做梦也没想都会成功。Beyond 超过。其他词义不符。 5．A serious study of physics is impossible _______ some knowledge of mathematics．A．against B．before
一、选择题 1．There is an old bridge __________the river. Be careful (小心) when you ________________ it. A．over; across B．over; cross C．on; cross D．on; across 2．I bought the tomatoes ________ the vegetable stall. A．at B．in C．on D．from 3．—What do you think of happiness, Zoe? —I think happiness is a way station too much and too little. A．among B．between C．opposite D．beyond 4．The bird’s singing came into my room ______ the window and woke me up in the early morning. A．down B．from C．through D．across 5．Our s chool plans to have a parents’ meeting_______ the afternoon_______ January 27th. A．in; of B．on; in C．on; of D．in; at 6．—Mary's birthday is ________ March． What about Lucy's？ —Her birthday is ________ December 10th． A．in；on B．on；in C．on；on 7．The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so beautiful. A．over B．through C．across D．past 8．—When is your birthday party? —It's________. A．at six,on May 24th B．on six,this Saturday C．in six o'clock this afternoon D．on six,at May 24th 9．Lily often goes to visit her grandma ______ Sundays. A．at B．in C．on D．to 10．—What's the secret good health? —Eating healthy food and taking enough exercise. A．in B．to C．on 11．Jenny’s math lesson is________nine________Friday morning. A．in; on B．at; on C．on; in D．at; in 12．The old man arrived _________ the village _______ a rainy night. A．at; on B．on; at C．in; at D．on; in 13．We have four lessons ________ the morning. A．in B．on C．at D．for 14．—What is it _______ English ? —Sorry, I don’t know . A．in B．with C．from D．on 15．Shanghai is ________ the east of China and _________ the west of Japan.
一、选择题 1．If you can’t read the article, it will be meaningless to you. The –less in the word “meaningless” means . A．with B．without C．full of D．out of 2．—Why ______ you so busy these days? —Because they arrived ______ London ______ the morning of July1. A．are; in , in B．are; in , on C．do; on , in D．do; at , on 3．The boy read English________every morning ________the age of ten. A．on; in B．on; at C．in; at; D．/; at 4．—There is a hole in the wall. What is it for? —We have a dog. He can get in or out ________ it. A．past B．through C．across D．over 5．—What do you use the shelf ______? —I use it ______ books. A．to; to keep B．to; keep C．for; to keep D．for; keep 6．—What do you think your life will________next year? —My life will be________better than it is now. A．be like; very B．be like; a lot C．be; a lot 7．--There are many theatres _________the island. --Yes, Broadway is the southern end of the island.. A．at; at B．on; on C．at; on D．on; at 8．(2016●泰州市) --As a nurse, her work goes taking care of her patients. --Yes, she always thinks of others. A．beyond B．beside C．behind D．between 9．The moonlight is shining in the window. Everything in the room looks so beautiful. A．over B．through C．across D．past 10．Jiangsu Development Summit was open _____ May 20th in Nanjing. A．on B．in C．at D．by 11．Lily often goes to visit her grandma ______ Sundays. A．at B．in C．on D．to 12．—I feel sad from time to time.Could you give me some advice? —________ sharing your worries with your parents? A．Why don't you B．How about C．Why not D．Would you like 13．He often plays basketball ______five o’clock. A．in B．for C．on D．at 14．—What is it _______ English ?