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初中英语 中考名词全解考点 梳理

初中英语 中考名词全解考点 梳理
初中英语 中考名词全解考点 梳理

1. 名词的位置:

1)主语Bob is a teacher.

2)宾语:动词后接名词Bob teaches English.

介词后加名词(介宾)Bob is in Beijing.

注意:介词后动词大部分要变成动名词。I study English by watching movies.

3)表语Bob is a teacher.

4)限定词+名词

①冠词:a/an/the

①形容词性物主代词:my/your/his/her/its/our/their house

① 指示代词:that/this/these/those

5) (形容词/介词短语/定语从句/非谓语动词)修饰名词

①a good teacher

① a teacher in Shenzhen

① a teacher teaching English

① a teacher who has been teaching English for 15 years

2.名词考点

1)常见的不可数名词

furniture luggage baggage information

news advice knowledge homework

progress work paper equipment

money change(零钱) food water

music joy hair traffic

天气信息有建议

(weather)(information)(advice)

工作进步增乐趣

(work)(progress)(fun)

行李设备换零钱

(luggage)(equipment)(change)

知识运气买家具

(knowledge)(luck)(furniture)

2)不可数名词“量”的表示方法

A.用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of money.

There is some milk in the bottle.

Is there any water in the glass?

I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.

B.用数量+量词+of 单复数在量词上变化

a piece of paper一张纸,a bottle of water一瓶水,a cup of tea一杯茶

three bags of rice三袋米,four pieces of paper四张纸

C.不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, much等来修饰。

Save some milk for me. 给我留点牛奶。

He gives me a lot of help. 他给我许多帮助。

3)可数名词的量化

A. 可数名词前可以用a/an 等来修饰,表示“一、每一、任一”。

a book 一本书

an apple 一个苹果

B.可数名词前可以用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:

one book 一本书

two books 两本书

(注意:当数字大于1时,可数名词需要使用复数形式。)

C.用some 一些,any 任何,a few 一点,many 许多,a lot of 许多,lots of 许多等词lots of pencils很多铅笔

D.可数名词前还可使用量词去量化数量。如:

a box of books 一箱书

two boxes of books 两箱书

a basket of apples一箱苹果

4)可数名词的单复数

可数名词有复数形式常在单数形式词尾后加“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:

A.一般情况在词尾加-s,

如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys

B.以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,

如:bus→buses,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes

C.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,

如:city→cities, factory→factories

D.以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,

如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves, half→halves

E.个别以o结尾的词多数都加-es。

如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes

F.少数名词有不规则变化

如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。

5)名词所有格

名词所有格, 用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。

A.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',

例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

B.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:Children's Day。

C.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,

例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight

D.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,

例如:a map of China,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

E.双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。

6)动词如何变名词

A.v + ment

achieve---achievement成就amuse--amusement娱乐

manage---management经营develop---development发展

B.v + ion

describe—description描写,描绘satisfy—satisfaction满意,

devote—devotion献身,专注educate-----education教育

C.v + ance

allow—allowance允许appear—appearance外貌,出现perform----performance演出

D.v + ing

end — ending结尾,结局,结束train — training训练

mean — meaning意义say — saying谚语

E.v + al

propose—proposal建议survive—survival幸存arrive—arrival到达remove—removal撤离,

F.v + ure

press—pressure压力mix—mixture混合,混合物

G.v -人

work—worker工人visit—visitor访问者art—artist艺术家music—musician音乐家

?考点归纳

归纳1:区分可数名词与不可数名词以及修饰可数名词与不可数名词的常用词语.

掌握可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式的方法,还要熟记dear, sheep, Chinese, Japanese 等单复数形式相同的名词,以及一些不规则名词的单复数形式,

归纳2:名词所有格的构成及其用法?

名词的所有格一般词尾加“‘s”,用于有生命的名词以及表示时间?距离等名词的后面?如果名词本身以表示复数意义的s结尾,构成所有格时直接在词尾加上’即可?另外,注意“A’s and B’s”型名词短语所有格表示两者分别拥有某物,而“A and B’s”型名词短语所有格表示两者共同拥有某物

归纳3:名词作定语修饰主体名词,

常用单数形式;主体名词为复数形式时,作定语用的名词一般用单数形式,如boy friends?但以man, woman 等名词作定语修饰主体名词时,若主体名词为复数形式, man 和woman 也要变为复数形式,如men doctors?

归纳4近义名词的辨析。

比如表示利益,好处。profit: 可指金钱或其他方面的利益。benefit: 指某项政策、活动给人们带来的实际好处,但不能指"利润"。interest: 多以复数形式出现,表示个人或团体自身的"利益",通常需要保护和维护

归纳5对名词的量化

可数名词和不可数名词,注意区分两种名词量化的个性词,和共性词。a lot of, lots of, some 都可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。

归纳6名词在句子中的结构分析,和词性转换

主要是根据名词在句子中的位置,分析名词在句子中做什么成分,比如位于句首,可能是主语Bob is a teacher. 位于句尾可能是表语。Bob is a teacher.句尾也可能是宾语Bob teaches English.

词性转换在中考中主要考察的题型是听力最后一道填空题,短文填空和任务型阅读和书面表达。

词性转换在中考中主要考察的题型是短文改错和书面表达,

2017中考英语各类从句及考点

复合句的概念:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。 宾语从句 一.概念:在句中起到宾语的作用。二.宾语从句在句中的位置: (1)作动词的宾语: 例:I heard that he joined the army. She did not know what had happened. (2) 作形容词的宾语 例:I am afraid that I have made a mistake. (3) 作介词的宾语 例:Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 三.常见考点分析: (一).连接词:1.引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。 2.引导一般疑问句用if 或whether。 注意:下列几种情况通常使用whether: (1).在具有选择意义又有or或or not 时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether; 例:I don’t know whether he will come back or not. (2).在介词之后用whether; 例:They are talking about whether he will win the game. Everything depends on whether you agree with us. 3.引导特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词。 (二). 语序:尤其要注意,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序:即主语一定在谓语前面。 尤其要注意whether, if以及wh-(what, why…)疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。例:She wants to know whether I like the film. Do you know why winter is colder than summer? (三). 时态:1.主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例:She says that she will leave a message on his desk. She says that sh has never been to Beijing. 2.当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时) 例:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. He said he was going to take care of the baby. 3.主句谓语动词是过去时

中考初中英语知识点总结

八大时态一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象地球大,月亮小等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。 过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如:When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如next year,tomorrow 等连用。注意:在Will you ....?问句中,回答必须是Yes,I will.或No,I won't而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan't.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong. 现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用过来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film. 过去完成时:我们可以用过去的过去来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前页 1 第 已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动

中考英语考点归纳(全).

中考英语考点归纳(全) [短语、词组归纳] 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1. ............................................................................ look at… 看…,look like… 看上去像,look after…照料… 2. listen to …听 ... 3. welcome to…欢迎到.... 4. say hello to …向.... 问好 5. speak to…对... 说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A. 动词(vt.)+副词 1. put on 穿上 2. take off 脱下 3. write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前 面。 B. 动词(vi)+副词。 1. come on 赶快 2. get up 起床 3. go home 回家 4. come in 进来 5. sit down 坐下6 . stand up 起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1. close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4. be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopp ing 9.watch TV/games 10. play games [介词短语聚焦] 介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将初中常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1. ................................................................................................. in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着.................................................. 。 2. .................................................................................... in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等,表示在排/队/班级/年级"等。 3. in the morning/afternoon/ evening/ 表示在上午/下午/傍晚"等一段时间。 4. in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里” 5. in the tree表示在树上(非树本身所有)” on the tree表示在树上(为树本身所有)” 6. in the wall表示在墙上(凹陷进去)” on the wall表示在墙上(指墙的表面)” 7. at work (在工作)/at school (上学)/at home (在家)应注意此类短语中无the。 & at +时刻表示钟点。 9. like this/that表示方式,意为像...... 这/那样” 10. of短语表示所属关系。 11. behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。

《中考英语》初中英语语法知识—名词的专项训练解析附答案

一、选择题 1.I to be popular in school, but now I get attention everywhere I go. A.wasn’t used; many B.didn’t use; tons of C.used not; many 2.— Do you know all the names in your class, Mr King? —No, only part of them. A.student B.students C.student’s D.students’ 3.Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A.May B.July C.September D.November 4.Is it a picture_________ your school? A.of B.to C.and D.with 5.—Do _________ like going to ___________? —I don’t know. A.woman teachers, clothes shops B.women teachers, clothes shops C.woman teachers, sport shops D.women teachers, vegetables shops 6.Look at the________on the ground, and it’s telling us autumn has come. A.leaves B.leaf C.leafs D.leafes 7.These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A.Jerry’s and Jenny’s B.Jerry and Jenny’s C.Jerry’s sand Jenny 8.—Kate, I will go to the Guangzhou Zoo next week, because I will have a ________ holiday — You mean you can have ________ off? Oh, that’s great! A.three-day; three days B.three- day; three days’ C.three days’; three-day D.three days; three days 9.Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are! A.is having B.are having C.have D.has 10.Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A.boy students; woman teachers B.boy students; women teachers C.boys students; women teachers D.boys students; woman teachers 11.My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A.salad; eggs B.salads; eggs C.salad; eggs D.salads; egg 12.________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A.Is, rooms B.Are, room C.Are, rooms D.Is, room 13.There was no bus in that small town. We had a_______ walk to get to the museum. A.5 kilometers B.5 kilometer’s C.5-kilometer D.5-kilometers 14.—________ shows are getting more and more popular. —That's true. And many people are truly________. A.Talent; talent B.Talent; talented C.Talented; talented D.Talented; talent

2017中考英语名词考点

1、根据近几年全国各地中考试题对名词部分考查的 分析可知,今后对名词部分的考查重点为: 2、名词的可数与不可数性。 3、名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。 4、名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。 5、物质名词、抽象名词具体化。名词词义的区别与固定搭配。 一、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。【考例】There is good ________ for you. I've found your lost watch. [广东省] A.news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts [答案]A。[解析]四个选项都是以s 结尾的名词,其中 A 为不可数名词,B 、C 、D 为名词的复数形式,句中用了连系动词is,所以只有 A 项正确。 My uncle will come to my house for dinner.I want to buy some ___to make a vegetable salad for him.[济宁]A.meat B.tomatoes C.apple juice

[答案]B。[解析]下文说制作蔬菜沙拉,故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。 The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. [重庆] A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers [答案] D。[解析]可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert 可知,需要挑选的是singers。At night the koala bear gets up and eats _____________ .[广元] A.1eaf B.1eaves C.leafs [答案]B。[解析]考查名词leaf 的复数形式。以f 或fe 结尾的名词在变复数时,一般将f 或fe 变v 后,加es。The PLA man saved three lives in the accident.[济 南] A.children's B.children C.child D.childs' [答案]A。[解析]考查名词所有格的用法。three 后接复数children,变名词所有格时直接加“'s”,故选A。Come on,children.Help yourselves to some ______________________________ if you like.[南通]

初中英语中考考点大汇总

初中英语中考考点大汇总 1、 see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel+ sb+do sth 做了某事 see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel+ sb+doing sth 正在做某事被动:① sb be seen/heard/noticed/found/felt to do 某人被…做了某事 ② sb be seen/heard/noticed/found/felt doing 某人被…正在做某事 2、比较级 and 比较级 : 表示越来越怎么样 ① bigger and bigger 越来越大 ② more and more popular 越来越受流行 3、a place of interest =an interesting place名胜 4、 agree with sb 赞成某人 5、 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 kind of =a little bit 一点儿 6、 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7、 as soon as 一……就……(后面的从句用一般现在时,则主句用一般将来时) 8、 as you can see 你是知道的 9、 ask sb for help 向某人求助 10、 ask sb not to do sth叫某人不要做某事 11、 at the age of =when sb be +岁数在……岁时 12、 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 13、 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头; eg : at the end of the day by the end of + 过去的时间到……末为止(用于过去完成时) 14、 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补:at least 至少 15、There be + 主语 + doing ……有……正在做某事 There will/is going to be ……将会有…… 16、 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing.= She can sing . 17、 be afraid to do sth / be afraid of sth be terrified to do /of doing 18、 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 allow doing 允许做某事 19、 be angry with sb = be mad at sb 生某人的气 20、 be as…原级…as 和……一样…… not so/as …原级…as 不及,不如 eg : as tall as = the same height as as old as = the same age as 21、 leave → be away from离开 stay away from 远离 22、 be bad for 对什么有害 be good for 对什么有好处 23、 be born 出生于 24、 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 25、 be careful 当心;小心 be close to…离…很近 26、 be different from……和什么不一样 be the same as 27、 be famous for 以…著名 be famous as 作为…而著名 (类似:well-known) 28、 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 29、 be from = come from 来自 eg : Is he from Bejing ? = Does he come from Bejing ?

中考英语知识点名词、冠词考点梳理.doc

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