雅思写作高频词汇
高频形容词：
1、贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken
2、富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off
3、优秀的：excellent=eminent=top=outstanding
4、积极的，好的：good=conducive=beneficial=advantageous
5、消极的，不良的：bad=detrimental=baneful=undesirable
6、明显的：obvious=apparent=evident=manifest
7、健康的：healthy=robust=sound=wholesome
8、惊人的：surprising=amazing=extraordinary=miraculous
9、美丽的：beautiful=attractive=gorgeous=eye-catching
10、有活力的：energetic=dynamic=vigourous=animated
11、流行的：popular=prevailing=prevalent=pervasive
高频动词：
1、提高，加强：improve=enhance=promote=strengthen=optimize
2、引起：cause=trigger=endanger
3、解决：solve=resolve=address=tackle=cope with=deal with
4、拆除：destroy=tear down=knock down=eradicate
5、培养：develop=cultivate=foster=nurture
6、激发，鼓励：encourage=motivate=stimulate=spur
7、认为：think=assert=hold=claim=argue
8、完成：complete=fulfill=accomplish=achieve
9、保留：keep=preserve=retain=hold
10、有害于：destroy=impair=undermine=jeopardize
11、减轻：ease=alleviate=relieve=lighten
高频名词：
1、影响：influence=impact
2、危险：danger=perils=hazards
3、污染：pollution=contamination
4、人类：human beings=mankind=human race
5、老人：old people=the old=the elderly=the aged=senior citizens
6、幸福：happniess=cheerfulness=well-being
7、老师：teacher=instructors=educators=lecturers
8、教育：education=schooling=family parenting=upbringing
9、青少年：young people=youngsters=youths=adolescents
10、优点：advantage=merits=superiority=virtue
11、责任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability
12、能力：ability=capacity=power=skill
13、职业：job=career=employment=profession
14、娱乐：enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment
15、孩子：children=offspring=descendant=kid
高频短语：
1、充满了：be filled with=be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with
2、努力：struggle for=aspire after=strive for=spare no efforts for
3、从事：embark on=take up=set about=go in for
4、在当代：in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age
5、大量的：a host of=a multitude of=a vast number of=a vast amount of
雅思写作十大原则核心词汇 1. 金钱原则（MONEY） 2. 时间原则（TIME） 3. 健康原则（HEALTH） 4. 情感原则（EMOTION） 5. 智力与教育原则（INTELLECT AND EDUCA TION） 6. 心理原则（PSYCHOLOGY） 7. 权利原则（RIGHTS） 8. 环保原则（ENVIRONMENT） 9. 文化与传统原则（CULTURE AND TRADITION） 10. 道德与犯罪原则（MORALITY AND CRIME） 1 金钱原则（MONEY） a tight budget 资金紧张 alleviate vt.减轻，使（痛苦等）易于忍受 bankrupt n .破产者；adj.破产了的 be short of 缺乏 beggar n .乞丐 burden n..担子，压力，负担；v .担负 burn money 浪费钱 charity hospital 慈善医院 consumption n .消费（量） costly adj.昂贵的，贵重的 dear adj.昂贵的 destitute adj.穷困的，缺乏的 economic burden 经济负担 economic difficulty 经济困难 eligible children 适龄儿童 eliminate vt.排除，消除 expend vt.花费，消耗，支出 expenditure n .花费，支出，消耗 expensive adj.花费的，昂贵的 finance vt.资助，供给……经费，负担经费；n .财政，金融financial aid 经济资助 financial strain 资金紧张，以济压力 foreign currency 外汇 go broken 破产 government revenue 政府税收 health care 医疗保健 homeless adj.无家的，无家可归的 hunger n .饥饿 illiteracy n .文盲
雅思写作基础段教学大纲 课程名称：雅思写作基础段 课程周期：16小时 课程安排：2小时 / 次；共8次 教学目标： 教学安排： 第一次：雅思写作task 1整体介绍；task 1常用词汇及运用 第二次：雅思写作task 1常见图表介绍及相应的表达 第三次：雅思写作task 2整体介绍和常用词汇及运用 第四次：雅思写作task 2分类介绍与背景构建 第五次：雅思写作task 2常用表达运用及强化进阶 第六次：雅思写作task 1 和task 2 混合基础分场景共建 第七次：雅思写作task 1和task 2混合表达及词汇共建 第八次：雅思写作基础段总结及强化段铺垫与衔接 雅思写作强化段教学大纲 课程名称：雅思写作强化段 课程周期：12小时 课程安排：2小时 / 次；共6次 教学目标： 在进行了起步段和基础段之后，通过强化段的课程来帮助学生更深入地理解雅思写作考试。帮助学生解决备考中的关键性问题——思维发散。通过强化段的课程来提高学生在雅思写 作方面的应试能力。 教学安排： 第一次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第二次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第三次：雅思写作task 1图表分类强化 第四次：雅思写作task 2分类强化 第五次：雅思写作task 2分类强化 第六次：雅思写作task 2分类强化篇二：定制雅思教学计划 雅思阅读【总学时】 24学时 教材选用 《剑桥雅思考试全真试题4-9》外语教研社 第一阶段：第一个月（4次*2h） 教学重点：基础词汇积累&定位信息，关键词的基本能力 授课内容： 1，扩充雅思基础阅读词汇。 2，学会寻找关键词，在原文中快速定位，教授雅思阅读中常见的3种题型：1heading sentence(找标题)summary(摘要填空) ture/false/not given(是非题) 再陈述与推理及true, false, not given 题的技巧。 培养学生雅思判断题需要的逻辑思维 4，教会学生读文章的步骤，利用文章中的图片图表信息做题。 模考安排：每4次课一次单科模考和分析反馈 第二阶段：第二个月（4次*2h） 教学重点：猜词与复杂句，基本题型的操练 授课内容：1，词根，词缀，词性，利用上下文猜词的能力；十大句子关系。 学会如何判断词性，句子成分，如何判断区分有用与无用的生词。 3，快速找到复杂句的重点，根据复杂句完成简单的问题；
雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须 收下 雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须收下，一起来学习一下 吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 雅思口语这些高频替换句型你必须收下 1 如何更好表达“我喜欢”? 跟朋友聊天时要这么说 I like/enjoy/love/prefer/adore ? I am a big fan of ? I have a crush on... I am quite/really into ? Sth. /Doing sth. is really my favorite thing to do（强调置首）跟陌生人要淑女一点 I am fond of ? I am in favor of ? I fancy
I am keen on ? 高雅场合要保持高贵 I like A better than B I have a preference for ? I prefer A to B 2 如何更好表达“我想，我认为”? 淡定式 In terms of ?, I think that ? When it comes to?, I just consider that Speaking of ?, I feel/find that ?Regarding to ?, my point is that ? It occurs to me that ? “要死要活”式 Personally, it seems to me that ? From my perspective, I strongly believe that It is my belief that ? 写作时要保持高大上
1. important =crucial (extremelyimportant),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 2. common=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3. abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4. stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5. neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6. near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7. pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8. accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9. vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10. top=peak, summit
雅思小作文常用词汇与短语 1. 表示“主语” 01) 图表本身： table、 line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram) 02) 数据形式： figures、statistics、information 、data 03) It 形式主语、 There be 句型 2. 表示“上升”和“下降” 01) rise (to) 02) increase (to) 03) go up (to) 04) an upward trend (in) 05) fall (to) 06) decline (to) 07) drop (to) 08) a downward trend (in) 09) with a rise/drop(etc.) of … 10) surge from …to …猛增 11) be on the rise 12) be in decline 13) down??(幅度)from...(高)to...(低) 14) up—(幅度)from...(低)to...(高) 15) rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to.../to... 16) a rise/drop(etc.) of + 百分数 /数字 = a 百分数 /数字 rise/drop(etc.) 17) rise/drop(etc.) + 数字/百分数/倍数 = rise/drop(etc.) + a record of + 数字/百分数 3. 表示“平稳” 01) remain stable (at) 02) stay constant (at) 03) maintain the same level (at) 04) remain around that figure 05) reach a plateau到达(上升后的)平稳期 06) no change (in)
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
雅思写作中表达观点很重要，应对各种各样的写作话题，我们就需要掌握不同的表达观点的词汇，而且替换词也非常重要哦。今天就给大家分享超级实用的100个雅思写作观点词和替换表达！ 1. 持某观点：claim contend deem reckon assert share the belief that 2.支持某观点: advocate maintain vote for side with be in favor of 3.反对某观点: contradict criticize be against cast doubts on 4.合理的：justified sensible feasible convincing persuasive rational practicable logical wise sagacious viable preferable
appropriate bear much analysis 5.好处：advantage benefit merit positive side upside boon pros 6.弊端：disadvantage defect demerit negative side downside flaw drawback cons 7.肯定：undoubtedly indeed undeniably there is no denying that 8.不确定：be likely to potentially presumably 9.重要的：essential significant vital crucial
雅思写作中常用英文连接单词的替换词 一、And 并列关系 (and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise moreover // too // not only ... but // even // besides this／that 二、Sequence 顺序(then) 出现的时候表示列举 first // initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier／later // following this／that // afterwards 三、Consequence 结果（so） 前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了 as a result // thus // so // therefore // consequently // it follows that // thereby // eventually // in that case // admittedly 四、Contrast 转折(but ) 表对前面论述的转折// 一般后面才是作者观点 however // on the other hand // despite// in spite of // though // although // but // on the contrary // otherwise // yet // instead of // rather // whereas // nonetheless // in contrast 五、Certainty 确定(of course) 强烈的确定// 后面是作者的坚定论点 obviously // certainly // plainly // of course // undoubtedly 六、Condition 条件/ 因为(if ) 后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。 if // unless // whether // provided that // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on 七、Time 时间(when ) before // since // as // until // meanwhile// at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as 八、Summary 总结(in a word) 作者的最后总结 in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word 九、Example 举例(for example) for example // for instance// just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是 十、Reason 原因( because) since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause 雅思写作部分高频词汇、短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
雅思写作常用同义词替换100个 1. people=individuals 人们(Those who) 2. many people=a majority of people = most of people大多数人 3. a lot of=a great deal of=plenty of 很多（修饰不可数名词） 4. a great number of=a large amount/quantity of=considerable amount of= a large variety of很多（可数名词） 5. plentiful=abundant 丰富的，大量的 6. expensive=pricy 贵的 7. thing=item=goods 东西，物品 8. humans=human beings=human race=mankind 人类 9. benefit=conduce to=help=contribute to=aid to 有助于（动词） 10. harm=damage=endanger=undermine 危害（动词）
11. beneficial=helpful=conducive(rewarding)=do good to/be good for 有好处的（形容词） 12. harmful=detrimental=damaging有害的（形容词） 13. education=schooling 教育 14. think=believe=hold=maintain=consider=take for=agree认为 15. oppose=object to=be against=disagree 反对 16. support=be in favor of=be for 支持 17. as for me=as far as I am concerned=in the eyes of 对我来说 18. in my opinion=from my perspective=in my viewpoint=in my point o f view=personally 我的观点是 19. as …develop(s)=with the development of...=with the progress of…=as…ad vances随着…的发展（注意什么时候用动词，什么时候用名词） 20. quickly=rapidly=at an amazing rate=at an staggering rate 很快（副
雅思小作文必备词汇 图表chart = graph = diagram 直线line 曲线curve 柱bar /column 饼pie 表table = figures = statistics the thin（细线） / thick（粗线） / broken（虚线） / dotted（点线） line 表明，表示，阐明show , give information about，reveal，indicate，demonstrate 直线图类词汇 (上升类动词)Increase------------ decrease (下降类动词) go up-------------- go down rise up-------------- fall down climb-----------------slide ascend --------------decline keep an upward tendency ----keep a downward tendency 波动动词类：fluctuate fluctuate upward / downward（波动向上/向下） 保持平稳类动词： keep / remain / maintain / stay unchanged / constant / stable（形容词，不变的） 修饰动词的副词： slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically急剧地， 修饰名词的形容词： slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic 大约，大概，左右类词汇：almost / approximately / around / roughly / more or less / nearly 时间from … to …/during the period/ between … and … / starting from ….
在雅思写作中，同学们总是会犯这样那样的错误，从而导致其成绩一直不温不火，没有多大提高，为了帮助大家提高雅思写作，下面，小编为大家分享下雅思小作文常见写作逻辑总结，相信对大家是很有帮助的。 常见的雅思小作文的逻辑分析方法包括：总分、比较(类似比和相反比)、分类、因果、时空和过程分析等。 总分逻辑主要用于写pie chart 等，开始时要介绍一下总共有的项目数，其他图表中也可能会用到总体趋势分析，如线图中某一条线可能整体上升、下降或持平，但其中基本都会有某一个点是例外，常见的句型可以把总趋势作为主句，后面接独立主格或者with结构。 比较逻辑是大部分雅思同学很会用的，无论是类似还是相反比较，只是要注意用稍微复杂点的句式。如表示两个项目很类似，大部分同学会把第一项用一个简单句写出来，然后第二个句子前面加上Like A, B also …。而要表示相对照，一般就会想到用but。除了句式的复杂，更要注意比较的每个句子尽量不要写成一样的形式，或者全部写成原始数据的积累，可以先找一个基准点，用一个句子把其中的数据写出来，第二个与之相比较的句子可以写比其稍高、多…%或者是几倍或几分之几。雅思小编建议大家最好参与一些雅思写作培训班，通过练习总结各种雅思写作题目，对于备考雅思写作很有帮助的。
对于图表中的数据较多，一般要用到分类，可以根据大体趋势如增多、减少、频繁变化或者几乎不变分成几个大类。几乎每个数据都罗列出来的文章也得不到高分，建议大家不要列出4项以上。其实每次考试中不论哪种图表几乎都至少有一个特殊点，这就和前面的总趋势加一个单点是一样的。 图表中有时候会有原因分析，这种情况下原因是一组要分析的数据，必须要写。但小作文忌讳把图中的信息粗略写完，加上大量的自己的主观评价，多数考生会根据自己的臆断写出原因分析，这样有悖于解说文的客观陈述的本意而成为议论文。根据考生回馈失分较重。 地图或流程图不同于一般的数据图表，可能更强调空间和时间的逻辑分析，所以写这两种图表时要尽量以空间的转移或者过程的衔接为线索。此外总分、比较等逻辑也应体现在其中。 雅思写作要想考好，除了掌握丰富的词汇量之外，还要每个类型的话题都积累一篇优质范文，再加上多练习，那么，高分将不再是什么难事了，小编相信，同学们只要按着正确的方向努力，成绩一定会有很大的提高。
雅思写作task1常用词汇及词组 一.文章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 二.表示数据 一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10% 最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point) ;bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover略有回升；increase; jump; rise/rose; climb ;decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply急剧升降的 steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably稳定的 表示范围：from…to…between…and…for…to…多长时间直到
（七分范文）Some people believe that studying at university or college is the best route to a successful career， while others believe that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give your opinion. When they finish school， teenagers face the dilemma that whether to get a job or continue their education. While there are some benefits to getting a job straight after school， I would argue that it is better to go to college or university. The option to start work straight after school is attractive for several reasons. Many young people want to start earning money as soon as possible. In this way， they can become independent， and they will be able to afford their own house or start a family. In terms of their career，young people who decide to find work， rather than continue their studies， may progress more quickly. They will have the chance to gain real experience and learn practical skills related to their chosen profession. This may lead to promotions and a successful career.
雅思写作高频词汇短语替换 ★高频形容词： 1.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive ★高频动词： 6.激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7.认为： think = assert = hold = claim = argue 8.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻： ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten ★高频名词：12.影响：influence= impact 13.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 14.教育：education = schooling = familyparenting = upbringing 15.青少年：youngpeople = youngsters = youths = adolescents 16. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 17. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 18. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 19. 职业： job = career = employment = profession 20. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 21. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant = kid ★高频短语： 充满了：befilledwith = beawashwith = beinundatewith = besaturatedwith 努力：strugglefor = aspireafter = strivefor = sparenoeffortsfor 从事： embarkon = takeup = setabout = goinfor 在当代：incontemporarysociety = inpresent-daysociety= inthisdayandage 大量的： ahostof = amultitudeof = avastnumberof = avastamountof
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总：媒体类 媒体类一： 1. paparazzi 狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism 新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusive news 独家新闻 8. news agency 新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship 新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道 13. do reportage on …报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy 值得报道的 21. barometer 晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀 28. sitcom 情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair 绯闻 34. celebrity 名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading 误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻 43. sensational 轰动的 44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45. imperative 重要的、必要的 46. audience ratings 收视率 47. propaganda 宣传 48. be abducted by 受…诱导 49. purify one's soul 净化心灵 50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨 大安慰 52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 53. provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 55. commit crimes 犯罪 56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想 象的 57. impressive 给人印象深刻的 58. right to know 知情权 59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子 60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定 和安全 媒体类二（影视类） 1. information era 信息时代 2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解… 3. audience/viewers 观众 4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良 影响 5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 6. influential 有影响的 7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底 改变了我们获取信息的方式 8. blessing 福 9. curse 祸 10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节 目 11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目 12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的 13. exaggerate 夸张 14. enjoyable 令人享受的 15. fashionable 时尚的 - 1 -
写作常用替换词： 1.Important: Significant, vital, main, crucial, momentous, it makes a great difference that, b e of importance, play an important role in. 2.More and more: Increasing, growing + n. Increasingly +adj. Sthhas gained growing popularity Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 3.think Harbor the idea that Take the attitude that Hold the view that It is widely shared that It is universally acknowledged that Personally speaking
4.many An army of An ocean of A sea of A multitude of Many a +单数名词 If not most代替many Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea 5.good: Positive Favorable Rosy Promising Perfect Pleasurable Excellent Outstanding 6.bad Negative Dreadful Unfavorable Poor
Think: believe, argue, hold, maintain, contend, claim, advocate, assert, feel Advantages & disadvantages:benefits & drawbacks/risks, positive side & negative side, bright side & dark side/ flip side/ downside, pros & cons, strengths & weaknesses, merits & demerits Important: key, crucial, critical, paramount, imperative, major 高频动词： 1. 提高：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen optimize the resource allocation 2. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with = do with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down + the old houses 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture + independence 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 导致: lead to = contribute to = result in (+名词the extinction of wild species不用the wild species to die out) 原因：owing to sth./thanks to sth. (不用从句)，原因状语从句用because/since 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve +one’s ambition 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold = conserve + their customs and language 10. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten + financial burden 高频形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental = baneful =undesirable = disadvantageous 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent （贬义词）= pervasive Some people believe that corporal punishment is useful to foster children’s discipline, and this attitude still prevails among many parents. The Hollywood film tends to be a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture. Advertising, using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes and behavior in today's world. 高频名词： 1. 老人：old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens = the