定语从句学案之关系副词及非限定定语从句
一.关系副词的用法
1).关系副词where的用法
(1)关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词. The hotel where=at which we stayed was very clean.
When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house____________I would be staying。where
(2) where引导的定语从句还可以修饰表示抽象空间概念的名词case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)，point(地步)等。
There are cases _______________the word “kid” is used as a verb.
There are many instances ______________he is humorous.
They entered a difficult situation _______________all efforts seem useless. where;where;where
2.)关系副词when的用法
I’m at an age ____________ I don’t know what love is,but your sweet smile still touches me.
It was a time ___________philosophers could have positions in governments.
When;when
3.关系副词why的用法
关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，定语从句修饰的是表示原因的名词reason
The reason _______ I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my e-mail.
This is the reason ________ he was late for school.
why ;why
*****正确选择关系代词which/that或关系副词when/ where 的关键在于:
1.关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
2.当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，应该用关系代词;
3.关系词在从句中作状语时，应该用关系副词.
?I returned to the city ____________I visited last year.
?I returned to the city __________I grew up.
which; where
exercises
1.Ancient China was a place ________________ states were ofen at war with each other.
2.I had reached a point in my career _________I needed to decide which way to go.
3.This is the reason________ he was late for school.
1. where;
2. where
3. why
二.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
2.He finished college at fifteen，___________ I found hard to believe.
3.It is a truly delightful place,__________looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
4.Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Maccelesfield,_________she opened with her late husband Les.
1. which
2. which
3. which
4. which
三.as引导限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
（一）as引导限制性定语从句
用在固定搭配as…as，so……as，such…….as，the same…as中。
He is not the same man as he was.
The world has been changing at such a high speed as no one has expected.
1.Such a meeting _____ is being held is very important.
2.He is not the same man _________we knew before.
1.as
2.as
（二）as引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是整个句子，as在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。有些as引导的定语从句已经成为固定用法。
2.______is supposed, he succeeds in the end.
3._____ we know, the scenery of the city is beautiful.
4._____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
5._____ we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
1.as
2.as
3.as
4.as
5.as
练习
1.The reason _____he gave is clearly a lie.
2.The reason _____she refused him is not known.
3.The night ______ he spent together with his friends is wonderful.
4.The night _____he stayed in his uncle's family made him at ease.
1. which/that/ 不填
2. why
3. which/that/ 不填
4. when
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why The factory ________ I visited is not far from here. 诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited, 2.假设可填入which，which I visited, which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。 很完整，which正确，或that The factory ________ I work is not far from here. 1. ___I work 2. which I work,,,,which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory. I work in the factory，可见缺少in 4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
关系副词引导的定语从句 一.关系副词where引导的定语从句。 where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 1.China is the only country where wild pandas can be found. 2.This is the house where I lived two years ago. 知识拓展： 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词，常用where / prep + which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 练一练 1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently. 2. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 3. They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days. 二．关系副词when引导的定语从句 when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. Ｉcan’t forget the year when I studied English in Beijing University. 练一练： 1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. 2. We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 3. Occasions are quite rare _____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 三．关系副词why 引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词是reason。 The reason why he didn’t come to the party is that he didn’t want to see Jane. Can you tell me the reason why you are late? 练一练 1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill. 2) The reason __________ he explained is not true. 3) The reason ___ he was absent was ___ he had a bad cold. 四．“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句:介词后的关系代词只能是which （指物）whom（指人）
定语从句导学案 定语从句 一、定义及相关术语 She is an English teacher (who likes singing songs . )先行词关系词/引导词 1.指代先行词teacher； 2.在从句中充当成分主语。 1.定语从句：一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，以补充说明该名词并使其具体化。相当于形容词，翻译成“的”。 2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词：引导定语从句的词。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系代词：which、that、who、whom、 whose 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语关系副词：when、where、why 二、关系代词关系代词 that which who whom whose 指代人/物物人人人/物在从句中作什么成分主/宾/表主/宾/表主/宾/表宾定语【练一练】用正确的关系代词填空。 1. The eggs _____________ were in the basket were not fresh. 2. The friend ____________ came to supper last
night wasn’t hungry. 3. The noodles ___________ you cooked were delicious. 4. I have a room __________ window faces south. 5. The girl _______________ I met is Lucy. 【注意】 that 与which 的区别 先行词指物时，引导词只用that不用which的四种情况： 1. 先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every ,all 等修饰时。 2. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 3. 先行词中既有人又有物时。 4. 先行词被the very, the only 修饰时。 先行词指物时，引导词只用 which 不用that 的两种情况： 1. 介词后。 2. 非限制性定语从句中。【练一练】 1. They had nothing ________ could cure of his disease. 2. This is the most impressive film _______ has ever been put on. 3. We have to consider the first thing ______ starts our work. 4. 5. 6. 7. That is the only way ______ leads to
定语从句----关系副词的用法 I Revision （复习关系代词的用法） 1.定语从句的定义：复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 2. 能引导定语从句的关系代词有： ___________, __________,__________,__________,___________. 它们在引导定语从句时，在从句中充当的成分是否一样呢？不一样！ Ex.1 1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know. 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady _________comes from Beijing. 3. Is there anything else _______ you want? 4.Workers built shelters for survivors _______homes had been destroyed. 5. The girl_______you visited yesterday is a student of Yinghua School. 6. He showed a machine ______ was used to increase production. 7. The time _____I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 除了以上关系代词可以引导定语从句，还有其他词可以引导定语从句吗？有
II 关系副词 1. when Iwill visitmy friends at this weekend. 主 谓 宾 when 时间状语 2. where Iwill visitmy friends at the bus station. 主 谓 宾 where 3. why Iwill visitmy friends because I miss them. 主 谓 宾 why 分析： 先行词 主 谓 宾 小结：当先行词为表示时间的名词，定语从句中不缺主语，宾语和定语时，可以考虑从句缺时间状 语，用关系副词 when 作引导词。Where 和why 也是如此。
Attributive clause(定语从句) 定义: 定语：修饰名词或者代词，翻译为“……的”the beautiful girl the handsome boy the lovely dog The girl in blue 定语从句: 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中充当定语，所以叫作定语从句。一般放在名词或代词后面The boy who is reading is Tom. Hospital is a place where a doctor works. 关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词 （that,which,who,whom,whose）和关系副词(when,where,why)。 先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 限制性定语从句 第一部关系代词的使用 Task 1: 1、勾画出以下句子的关系代词 2、勾画出以下句子的定语从句 1）The limit that/which may prevent us from realizing our dream is our doubts of today. 2）The man who/that seeks something will be young forever. 3）The dream whose main content concerns about love will brighten the world. 4）The man whose dream has been forgotten will be forgotten by future. 5）Those guys who/whom/略God helps are people who/that never give up. 6) The dream which/that/略people hold should be always positive. 关系代词有_________________________________________________________ Task 2根据上题总结关系代词的用法。 先行词关系词在定语从 句中作主语关系词在定语从 句中做宾语 关系词在定语从 句中做定语 指人 指物 Conclusion: (1)当定语从句中缺少主语或者______的时候，用关系词_______________。 (2)当定语从句中缺少定语的时候，用关系词_________________。 (3)当定语从句中主语、宾语和定语都在的时候，用关系词_______________。问：什么情况下关系代词可以省略？ 注意：1、whose可指人或者物，修饰名词或者代词，在定语从句中充当定语。
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points : The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period ：One 自主学习过程 关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。） 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital ________ my mother works. **This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法） 方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 方法二： 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中 的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when） This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句导学案 你如何给“成功”、“银行家”、“人类”“美”“婚姻”这些词下定义呢？现在我们来看看这几则定义吧： 1. SUCCESS A successful man is one makes more money than his wife can spend. A successful woman is one can find such a man. 2. A banker is a fellow lends you his umbrella when the sun is shining, but wants it back the minute it begins to rain. 3. Human beings are the only creatures on earth ，allow their children to come back home. 4. Beauty is the first present nature gives to woman and the first it takes away. 5. Marriage is an institution in a man loses his bachelor's degree and the woman gets her master's. 怎么样？是谁在说定语从句枯燥无趣的？我们再来看看充满智慧的名言，给它们添加上合适的关系词： 1 . A friend ____ you buy with presents will be bought from you.用礼物“买来”的朋友终会被买走。 2. Friendship is the golden thread ____ ties the hearts of all the world. 友谊是一根金线，把全世界的心连在一起。 3. Chances favor the minds ____ are prepared. 机遇总是降临到时刻做好准备的人身上。 4. If you wait, all ____ happens is that you get older. 如果你等待，发生的只是你变老。 5. He ____ falls today, may rise tomorrow. 今日失败的人，也许明日就会奋起。 6．The worst bankrupt is the person ____ has lost his enthusiasm.最惨的破产就是丧失自己的热情。 7. Courage is the ladder on ____ all the other virtues mount.勇气是一架梯子，其他美德全靠它爬上去.。 8. Never leave that until tomorrow, _____ you can do today . 今天的事不要拖到明天 9. Love should be a tree ____ roots are deep in the earth, but ____ branches extend into heaven. 爱情之树应该深深扎在泥土中，而其枝条则要伸展于广阔的天空。 10. Home is the place ____ ,when you have to go there , it has to take you in. 无论何时何地家永远是向游子敞开大门的地方。11. The only thing ____will stop you from fulfilling your dreams is you. 惟一阻挡你实现梦想的就是你自己。 12. The dictionary is the only place ____success comes before work. 只有在字典中，“成功”才会出现在“工作”之前。13. The shortest word ___I know is “I”. The sweetest word ____I know is "love".The only person ____I never forget is "you!" （不必翻译了吧？你懂的！） 现在请你看看下面的答案，看自己做对了多少：1. (who/that/whom) 2. which/that 3. which/that 4. that(先行词是指物的不定代词时一般用that) 5. who/that 6. who/that 7. which（介词后不用that哟）8. which（先行词是that, 我们就别重复用了吧，还有，看到逗号了吧？这是一句非限制性定语从句）9. whose, whose 10.where 11. that 12. where 13. 这三句甜言蜜语中的关系代词that均可省略 掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下难关： 我们见到定语从句时一定要仔细分析一下定语从句的含义。不要一见到先行词是时间或者地点名词就用when或where引导，而应看看引导词在定语从句中应作什么成份。如果作时间、地点或原因状语才能用when，where和why。也可以分析一下定语从句中是否有主语或宾语。如果既有主语又有宾语，可以用when, where或why引导；假若没有主语和宾语，那么就要考虑是否用that或which来引导了。如: A. Do you still remember the day_____ we met? B. Do you remember the day_____ we spent with professor Li in Xi’ an? 类似的例子还有： C. This is the place____we visited last year. A.where B、which C、to which D、by which). （选B . which是关系代词作宾语，指物） D. We will visit the place ____ he worked three years ago. A.where B、which C、that D、by which). （选A. where是关系副词作状语）。 E. I went to Beijing last year, ____ I visited the
定语从句导学案 一、Teaching aims 通过本章复习, 使学生明白定语从句的构成和作用，并达到熟练应用的目的。 二、learning important aims 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别；关系代词与关系副词引导定语从句的不同；介词+关系代词引导定语从句；关系代词who, that, which的用法区别。定语从句与同位语从句及其一些句子结构的区别。 三. learning difficult points Get students to understand and use The Attributive clauses and N on-restrictive Attributive clauses Teaching procedures 一、定语从句的基本概念： 1、在复合句中修饰某一_______________________________的从句，叫做定语从 句。 2、被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，叫做________________________. 3、引导定语从句的词叫做___________________; 关系词分为：① _____________如：________、__________、_________、__________、__________、__________和②_____________如：__________、__________、__________。 4、关系词的三个作用; (1)______________________作用：连接主句与从句(引导定语从句) (2)_______________________作用：代替某一名词、代词或句子（即先行词） (3)_______________________作用：在定语从句中但当一定的成分。 二、根据自己的理解，独立完成以下表格内容。
Period 1 Grammar (relative pronouns of attributive clause sⅠ) 【学习目标】 1.To know some basic definitions, such as attributive clauses (定语从句), antecedent (先行词), relative pronouns（关系词）. 2.To learn how to choose a relative pronoun — that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 【学习重点与难点】 Important point: To grasp the way of selecting a relative pronoun. Difficult point: To identify the sentence parts (subject or object) that relative pronouns function as in attributive clauses. 【使用说明与学法指导】 1、带着预习案中问题导学中的问题自主设计预习提纲，对概念进行梳理，作好必要的标注和 笔记。 2、认真完成基础知识梳理，在“我的疑惑”处填上自己不懂的知识点，在“我的收获”处填写自 己对本课自主学习的知识及方法收获。 3、熟记relative pronouns of attributive clauses基础知识梳理中的重点知识。 预习案 一、问题导学 观察句子。 1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball. → The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One. 2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him. → The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun. 3.The factory is over there. It produces cars. → The factory which produces cars is over there. 4.Football is a game. Most boys like football. → Fo otball is a game which most boys like. 二、知识梳理 1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。 2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做_______。 3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个____________； 关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。 三、预习自测 请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。 1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend. 2.That’s the girl whom I teach. 3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday. 4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday. 5.They all enjoyed the story that I told. 6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 7.There is an old man who wants to see you. 8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money. 9.These are the trees which I planted last year.