Unit 2 Growing Pains
定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法
Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why
Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses
Learning difficult and important points :
The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns
Period ：One
自主学习过程
关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：
1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army.
2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。）
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：
*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
**This is the hospital ________ my mother works.
**This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday.
知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法）
方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；
方法二：
先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）
2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中
的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when）
This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary
s birthday party. (for which=why)
3) 有时关系副词“when”“where引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡
句子的
】五汪車亜
语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a d iamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “ foreignoil. ”.
Homework
1、Fill the blanks with proper relative words. (SB P96 C1)
2、Correct the mistakes in each sentence. (SB P96 C2)
专项训练
1．This is the place ___ John was born?
A．which B．where C. when D．that
2. He is the only person ____ I want to talk to.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whose
3．Is this problem ___ the teacher explained last week?
A．the one B．that C．which D．one
4．The high building ____ stand four policemen is the police station ．
A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which
5．My mother will give Mary a model plane ___ s he will like to play ．
A．which B．that C．for which D．with which
6．The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A．until B．that C when D．where
7．There are times ___ I wonder why I do this job ．
A．as B．while C．which D．when
8．After living in London for thirty years ，Mr Smith returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child．A．which B．where C that D．when
9．They had a long talk about the persons and things ___ they both knew ．
A．whom B．what C. that D．which
10．That is the very book ____ I am looking for.
A．that B．which C．what D．as 1．B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
2. A. 先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，关系代词常用that。
3．A. 缺少先行词，故选A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。
4. D ?介词+关系代词引导定语从句。
5．D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which 。
6. C.先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。
7. D ?先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。
& B .先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。
9. C.先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。
10. A. 先行词被the very 修饰，关系代词只能用that。
巩固提升
1．Who is the scientist __ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?
A．that B．who C. which D．whom
2．I don't like the way ___ you speak to your teacher ．
A．／B．in that C. which D．of which
3．Could you tell me when to get the book ____ I want to read?
A．what B．who C．／D．it
4．The days ___ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.
A. when B．which C．who D．on which
5．A pen friend of mine _____ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.
A．who B．whom C．to who D．from whom
6. Don't forget the day ____ you were admitted to Beijing University.
A．when B．that C．at which D. where
7．Perhaps this is the only shop ____ you can get such cheap goods.
A. that B．of which C．by which D．where
8．I can still remember the place ___ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.
A．which B．what C .that D．where
9．______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which
B. When
C. What
D. As 10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing
B. what
C. that
D. which
11．He was seriously ill when he was a child, ___ made him lose his sight.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. it
12．In the dark street, there wasn ' t a single person ____ he could turn for help.
A. that
B. to whom
C. who
D. from whom 13．He told the same story I told.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
14．The best work is that ___ Tom has done.
A. it
B. which
C. when
D. where
15. The first thing __ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room..
A. which
B. as
C. what
D. that
16. Any girls ___ knew him were teachers.
A. where
B. that
C. they
D. whom
17. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog ___ were just passing by.
A. which
B. as
C. that
D. who 18．That is the hotel we stayed last year.
A. in that
B. in which
C. why
D. at which
19. This is the reason ___ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.
A. where
B. when
C. before
D. why
20. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor ___ is very modest and studies hard. A. who B. that C. as D. which
答案与简析：
11. A. Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that ,以免重复。
12. A. way为先行词时，关系代词用that或in which或不填。
13. C.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which 或不填。
14. B. spent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。
15. D. receive a letter from sb.收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。
16. A.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语，表示何时进入北大。
17. D先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。
18. D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。
19. D. As引导的定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，亦可置于句中，亦可置于句尾。a
s常作宾语或构成as加be动词加过去分词的结构，或构成as加be动词加表语的结构。as引导的定语从句在句中修饰的是整个句子。
20. C.在定语从句中，当先行词为all, anything, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时，关
系代词用that,而不用which。
21. C. which引导非限制性定语从句并指代前面的主句。Which的这种用法和as有区别，which常用
作行为动词的主语且由它引导的定语从句只能置于句尾。
22. B.介词加关系代词的用法，“ turnto sb for help为固定结构。
23. C.先行词由same或such修饰时，关系代词用as。
24. B.先行词为that时，关系代词用which。
25. D.当先行词由序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词用that。
26. B.当先行词被any, all, no等修饰时，关系代词用that。
27. C.当先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用that。
28. D.介词加关系代词的用法，介词的选用应根据从句谓语动词和先行词的搭配来决定。
29. D.在reason后的限制性定语从句（一般没有非限制性定语从句）可由why引导。在现代英语里
why也可省略。
30. B. —个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用who，另一个宜用that。
1. I shall n ever forget those years ______ I lived in the country with the farmers, ______ has a great
effect on my life.
A. that; which
B. whe n; which
C. which; that
D. whe n; it
2. The days ________ we were together without any worries are gone and I ' ll always remember the d
_______ w e spe nt together.
A. which; that
B. whe n; whe n
C. whe n; that
D. which; whe n
3. We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. when
4. Today ' S&chuan has become a representative of the west development, a place ________ hopes and
opport un ities have replaced poverty and backward ness.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. there
5. — I we nt to see you at about ten this morning, but you were not in the office.
—Oh, that was probably ________ I was talk ing with the headmaster.
A. whe n
B. why
C. what
D. that
6. Some pre
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
1 —5 BCDcA 6 TO DCBAC
定语从句中关系副词的用法 关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句 time,day,hour,year when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句 place,room,house where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示： That is the reason I did the job. 又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）当先行词是时间，地点，原因时，并不是一定对应使用when，where，why The factory ________ I visited is not far from here. 诀窍：1.先找定语从句：____I visited, 2.假设可填入which，which I visited, which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整；I visited the factory。 很完整，which正确，或that The factory ________ I work is not far from here. 1. ___I work 2. which I work,,,,which指代factory 3.看定语从句是否完整I work the factory. I work in the factory，可见缺少in 4.因此应该是in which I work=where I work *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital where my mother works. **This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill. ***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office . 2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
关系副词引导的定语从句 一.关系副词where引导的定语从句。 where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。 1.China is the only country where wild pandas can be found. 2.This is the house where I lived two years ago. 知识拓展： 如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage, condition和case, position 等表示抽象意义的词，常用where / prep + which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。 I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 练一练 1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _______ they can see themselves differently. 2. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. 3. They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days. 二．关系副词when引导的定语从句 when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词。 The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. Ｉcan’t forget the year when I studied English in Beijing University. 练一练： 1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. 2. We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 3. Occasions are quite rare _____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 三．关系副词why 引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词是reason。 The reason why he didn’t come to the party is that he didn’t want to see Jane. Can you tell me the reason why you are late? 练一练 1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill. 2) The reason __________ he explained is not true. 3) The reason ___ he was absent was ___ he had a bad cold. 四．“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句:介词后的关系代词只能是which （指物）whom（指人）
高中定语从句详细讲 解
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
关系副词的意思相当于“介词 +which结构”，在定语从句中做状语的成分。 拆分法分析几个句子，如下： 1.He will always remember the day when/on which his father returned from America. 他将永远记得父亲从美国返回的那一天 拆分后： He will always remember the day. His father returned from America on the day.. 2.This was the time when/at
which she left for Beijing. 这就是她动身去北京的时间。 拆分后 This was the time. She left for beijing at the time. 3.I don't know the reason why/for which he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning. 我不知道他为什么没有参加昨天上午的会议。 I don't know the reason. He didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning for the reason. 重要提示：在when、where、why 关系副词引导的英语定语从句中，只
会出现when、where、why或on which、at which、for which等等，绝对不会出现on when、at where、for why 这种情况，因为关系副词引导的定语从句只能起状语作用，既不能做动词的宾语，也不能做介词的宾语。 选出正确的定语从句 1、 A.The man is said to come from a town where nobody knew. B.The man is said to come from a town which nobody knew. 2、 A.That is the age in when people live in peace and happiness.
高中定语从句详细讲解 一:定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 三:关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
先观察下面各句，尝试总结一下红色部分的用法。 Do you remember the days when / in which I stayed with you in the USA? 你还记得我和你在美国共度的那些日子吗？ 2) The factory where / in which he worked for twenty years is closing down. 他效力了20年的那个工厂倒闭了。 3) The reason why / for which he was late for school was that he didn’t catch the bus. 他之所以迟到，原因是没赶上公交车。 4) I have read the book in which you are interested. 我读了那本你感兴趣的书。 5) The man with whom I talked just now comes from Japan. 刚刚和我交谈的那个男人来自日本。 6) This is the book which she is looking for. 这就是她正在找的那本书。 小结归纳 ●when 通常放在表示时间的名词后引导定语从句，如句1）； ●where放在表示地点的名词后引导定语从句，如句2）； ●why经常放在reason的后面来引导定语从句，如句3）； ★当引导定语从句时，关系副词一般可以转化为“介词+ 关系代词”，即： when / where 可转化为on / in / at等+ which， why可转化为for which（在口语中可用that或省略），这也是定语从句中的一种常见现象。 ★需要特别注意的是此时介词后的关系代词不能用that，如句1）、2）、3） ★另外，指代先行词的关系代词which, whom在从句中作介词宾语时，可以把“介词+ 关系代词(which / whom)”一起放在先行词和从句之间，如句4）、5）；★但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如句6）。 **★关系代词that和which在定语从句中充当主语或宾语 ★关系副词when/ where/ why分别在定语从句中充当时间状语，地点状语和原因状语。例如： This is the house where/ in which we once lived. 这是我们曾经住过的房子 （Where相当于in the house 做地点状语） This is the house which/ that they built last year. 这是他们去年建的房子 （which/ that 指代house 做built 的宾语） I’ll never forget the days when/on which we stayed in Beijing. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子 （When相当于on the days 做时间状语，on the days “在这些日子”） I’ll never forget the days which we spent in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京的日子（Which指代the days 做spent的宾语） That is the reason why/ for which she told a lie. 那就是她为什么撒谎的原因。 （Why相当于for the reason 做原因状语 That is the reason which was told by the boy. 那就是那个男孩说的原因。 （Which 指代the reason 做主语） 注意：★确立关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where/why的方法： 看定语从句中是否缺少主语或宾语，如果缺少用which/ that； 如果不缺主语或宾语用when/where/ why.
Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句（2）--- 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points : The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period ：One 自主学习过程 关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where 和why ，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下： 1. 表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句，when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I ' nllever forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句，where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句（why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。） 例句：That is the reason why I did the job.（在现代英语中why 可以省略）上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视： 1）“when” “where和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子： *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School. **This is the hospital ________ my mother works. **This is the hospital ________ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结（判断定语从句引导词的方法） 方法一：不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词； 方法二： 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）; 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 2）“ when” “ where和“ why都可以替换成介词+ which，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中 的动词。例如： Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?（on which=when） This is the room in which we lived last year.（in which=where）
在看本文之前请先看看关系代词和介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 我们首先来看看最常见、最简单的where: (1) Where do you live? 你住在哪儿？ (2) Where are my keys? 我的钥匙在哪儿？ 从上面可知，where最基本的意思为：在哪儿(里) 其实定语从句中的where也是类似的，只是没有疑问：在……(地方) 如： (3) This is the room where the children sleep. 从句where the children sleep的意思为： 孩子们在这个房间睡觉。 (4) The town where I grew up is small. 从句where I grew up的意思为： 我在那个镇长大。 这里where更具体一点就是：在先行词(那个地方) 现在我们再来看看在定语从句第一、二部分讲的还原法： 上面的(3)、(4)两句，从句都有"在……"的意思，先行词可以直接还原到定语从句中去吗？当然不行，先行词只是一个名词/代词，它本身并没有“在……”这个意思。因此： 表示地点的先行词后面是用关系代词还是关系副词的方法： (1). 如果从句需要加一个介词(“在……”)，就用关系副词where；
(2). 如果从句不缺介词(“在……”)，就用关系代词： 第一种情况：已经有了介词“在……” 第二种情况：不需要介词“在……”(直接作主语、宾语、表语或表示所属关系) 例如： 例3的先行词还原到从句变为： The children sleep the room. 这个句子the room前面需要加上介词(in)才对。所以用关系副词where。 如果这个句子改动一下变为： (5) This is the room _______ the children sleep in. 这个句子的定语从句部分已经有介词in，先行词可以直接还原(作介词宾语)：The children sleep in the room. 因此，此题用关系代词that/which或省略。 再来看一例： (6) Wuhan is the city _______ I like best. 这个句子先行词可以直接还原： I like the city best. The city作动词like的宾语，因此用关系代词that/which或省略。 从上面可知：关系副词where=in/on/at…+which when用作关系副词表示时间，与where类似， when=in/on/at…+which 例如： I'll never forget the day when I met you.
定语从句在书面表达中的使用 一、定语从句的类型 1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。 ①I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon. ②Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting. ③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for. ④As an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。 ①During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, where air is fresh and people are friendly.②I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study 3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ①Speaking and listening are very important for a language learning, by which you are sure to make great progress. ②I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved. 1．因此，我认为我能得一个高分，这个分数能使我进入一个理想的大学。 ①So I suppose I can get a good mark, ________________________________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________ _.(定语从句)。 3. 分词做状语______________________________________________________________________ 2．我们都喜欢我们的英语老师，我们已向她学习了很多东西。 ①We all like our English teacher.________________________________________________ __. ②_________________________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 3．我总是盼望着我独立的那一天。 ①I've always longed for the days, I ________________________________________________. ②____________________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 4．事实上，我来这儿拜访我叔叔，目前他碰巧在你们城市工作。 ①As a matter of fact, I am here visiting my uncle. ____________________________________________________________________________. ②_______________________________________________________________________.(定语从句) 5．在几次我班的英语活动中我已帮助她，这受到老师和同学的欣赏。 ①I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class. ________________________________. ②I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, ______________________________. 二、定语从句的常用句型 1．As we all know.../As is known to all...众所周知…… 众所周知，小孩和老年人都需要温暖和关心。_________________________________________________________. 2．As sb. puts it...按照某人所说的…… 按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的命运。_________________________________________________________ 3．such...as...像……这样的；诸如此类的…… 信不信由你，世界上没有免费午餐之类的事情___________________________________________________________ 4．As the old saying goes, ……常言道…… .常言道，熟能生巧。________________________________________________________________________. 5．the same...as.../the same as...像……一样的 她对他的方式和态度与以前完全一样。Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ___________________________________. 6．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。__________________________________________________________. 7．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个 格林先生是这些工人中唯一被邀请去北京的。________________________________________________________. 1．另外，正如古老的谚语所说，“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。_____________________________________________.
定语从句三部曲 1. 找出先行词； 2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语， 状语； 3. 选择正确的关系词。 几个关系代词的基本用法 that that: 可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。 指人时，相当于who或whom； 指物时，相当于which A letter ________ is written in pencil is difficult to read. Do you know the gentleman _________spoke just now? What is the question ________they are talking about? Here is the man ______________you want to see. 只能用that 不能用which的情况 1.先行词为不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one. 2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时； 3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时； 4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时； 5.先行词既有人又有物时； 6.先行词是数次时；(two, ten, a hundred) 7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 9.主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词； 10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n. /adj.; 主语+系动词+adj.) 即学即用 1. The writer and his novel ____ you have just talked about is really well known . 2. The most important thing ____ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 3. The last place ____ we visited was the chemical works. 4. There's nothing ____ can be said about it . 5. This is the third film ____ has been shown in our school this term. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two ____are still alive.
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一．介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. ) 3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to ) The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to ) 4.有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from。） He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。（after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在 办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50万双鞋）80%销往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom