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省略句在英语中的用法

省略句在英语中的用法

省略句在英语中的用法

省略句:英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句。

一、原文“空缺”,译文“增补”

两个主语不同的句子,谓语有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用连词连接起来进行对比,则其相同部分在后面分句中可以省略,这样,后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺”处通常被省略的是动词,或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。

例如:A sound must be heard, a colour seen,a flavour tasted, an odour inhaled.(颜色必须目视,滋味必须口尝,气味必须鼻吸。)

二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译

than引出的比较从句中,套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句,而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。

例如:My uncle is better than when I wrote to.(我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了。)

三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活

指的是按正常语法规则分析,有的无法增补,有的要用不同的方式来增补,使之成为完全句。因此,汉译英时,视上下文加以灵活处理。

1.“宾语+主语+谓语……and +谓语”结构:其中and连接的,是用作不同成分的同一个词,这个词既是第一分句的宾语,又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是,把宾语提到句首,使之兼任后一分句的主语,达到简化句子结构的目的。汉译时,可仍先译宾语,不必改变原文的语序。

例如:This substance we call water, and come next only to oxygen.(这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧。)

2.以“Hence +名词”开头的结构:hence是表示结果意义的连接副词,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence后面则省略了类似come的动词。它是倒装句。

例如:Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment.(因此,有这本实验说明书。)

3. 某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句,通常不需要写出其省略部分:

例如:How (is it)about the result?(结果怎么样呢?)

4.由习语组成的省略结构:

例如:So much is for the foundry processes.(工艺过程的内容就是这些。)

英语省略句的用法

省略句的基本情况总结 省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面: 1.为避免重复而进行的省略。 当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如:He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱,但他非常努力地工作。 2.语法上的省略。 有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明,例如:He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。 3.习惯用法上的省略。 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,尤其是在口语中。例如,在问句中be常常省略,有时连主语一起省略:Very easy?很简单吗?// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗? 又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句:What (happened) next?下面要发生什么?// Why not?为什么不?// Why so?为什么这样? [考题1]He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many [答案] C [解析]下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式,单独看起来不好理解,应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.” 1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour

英语省略句改写练习

1.Jane is dusting the furniture because Bob won't dust it. 2.Her life is yet one ceaseless round of work for others, as it has always been one ceaseless round of work for others. 3.He remained a great lover of sport, as he had been a great lover of sport in his youth. 4.Although he was told to stop, John kept on working till late at night. 5.I am happy if you are happy. 6.I gave my energy to other subjects though I was continuing to collect sufficient data for my research work. 7.Though he was seriously wounded, he flatly refused to quit the battlefield. 8.The relationship between our two countries is essentially good, even if it has been progressing slowly. 9.Although she was the youngest of the class, Mary captured all the prizes. 10.Be careful that you don't catch cold.

英语倒装句用法

英语倒装句用法

英语倒装句用法 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

倒装句用法总结归纳 一、部分倒装: 1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装: I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。 He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。 He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。 注意: (1) 对于not…until句型,当not until…位于句首时,其后的主句要用倒装语序: He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。 (2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装: On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。 (3) 但是,in no time(立即,马上)位于句首时,其后无需用倒装语序: In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。 2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后用部分倒装语序: Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。 Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。 3.“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时,其后用部分倒装: So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。 So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然,我们来不及逃跑。 4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者,通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构: You are young and so am I. 你年轻,我也年轻。 If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。 注意: (1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况,要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况,则应将其中的so改为neither或nor: You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻,我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。 (2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别: "It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。” "Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸,你答应过的。”“嗯,是答应

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高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis) 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语,只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?

--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时, 省略时应保留have;不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时,也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.

英语倒装句归纳

英语倒装句的用法 类型 1)部分倒装——助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型 2)全倒装——谓语+主语型 一、在以下结构中用全倒装:这种结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有: 1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中;如: There are thousands of people on the square. 原语序:Thousands of people are there on the square. There lived an old fisherman in the village. 原语序:An old fisherman lived there in the village. There stands a little girl. 正常语序:A little girl stands there. 2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等,主 语为名词); Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the order to leave. Here comes a bus= A bus comes here. 3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away,in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首,且主语又是名词,谓语是表示运动的动词。 Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black. Out rushed the children.. Down fell the leaves. On the floor were piles of old books. ☆注意:主语必须是名词 eg: Out she went.There they are. Here he comes. 而Out went the girl. Here comes the boy. 4.有时为了强调表语,构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构; Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.=She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky. Gone are the days when women were looked down upon! =The days when women were looked down upon are gone! 5、在某些表示愿望的祝愿语中,全倒装。 Long live the People's Republic of China! May you be happy! 二、在以下结构中用部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 1.含有否定或半否定意义的词语(如:not,never,seldom,hardly,little,scarcely,barely,few…);或者含有否定结构的连词(not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner had…than...(一。。。就。。。),scarely..than.., Hardly had...when.., not until...;nowhere等);或否定意义的介词词组(by no means(决不),in no case\way(任何情况下都不),with no method, at no time(决不), on no account(决不),under no circumstances\condition...(任何情况下都不))位于句首eg: I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before. Not a word did he say when he left. Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park. Hardly(几乎不。。。) do I speak to him. Little English can he speak. Little does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few people did I see in the street. 含有否定结构的连词:

英语省略句的用法

英语省略句的用法-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1

省略句的基本情况总结 省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面: 1.为避免重复而进行的省略。 当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时,其中的第一个须保留,其余的往往省略,以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是:当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时,往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如: He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱,但他非常努力地工作。 2.语法上的省略。 有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明,例如:He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。 3.习惯用法上的省略。 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法,尤其是在口语中。例如,在问句中be常常省略,有时连主语一起省略: Very easy?很简单吗?// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗? 又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句: What (happened) next?下面要发生什么?// Why not?为什么不?// Why so?为什么这样? [考题1] He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many [答案] C [解析]下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式,单独看起来不好理解,应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.” 1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour

英语中常见的省略

英语中常见的省略 省略是为了避免重复,突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。【词的省略】 一.省略介词 I spent two hours ( in ) playing basketball . 二.省略连接词that 在know , think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say , decide ,等动词后的宾语从句中that可以省略;若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可以省略,其余的不可以省略。 I believe ( that ) you will succeed . I’m sure(that)Mr. Smith will help you . 注意:在宾语从句中,当有两个以上并列从句时,第一个that可以省略,以后的均不可省略。 He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart . 三.省略关系代词 在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that , which , who , whom可省略,非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。 I will give you all ( that ) I have. Mike read the book ( which ) I bought yesterday . The girl ( who / whom / that ) the teacher spoke to is Lily .

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第8讲 省略句的翻译

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