省略句的基本情况总结
省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面：
1.为避免重复而进行的省略。
当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如：He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。
2.语法上的省略。
有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明，例如：He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。
3.习惯用法上的省略。
有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。例如，在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略：Very easy?很简单吗？// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗？
又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句：What (happened) next?下面要发生什么？// Why not?为什么不？// Why so?为什么这样？
［考题1］He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
［答案］ C
［解析］下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式，单独看起来不好理解，应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.”
1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
［答案］ B
［解析］表示时间的名词one more hour在这里相当于祈使句“Give me one more hour.”，与and后面的陈述句并列，表示时间的名词经常可以以单独出现的省略形式表示一个祈使句的含义。
［考题3］After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.
A. to attack; hit
B. to be attacked; to be hit
C. attacking; be hit
D. having been attacked; hit
［答案］ D
［解析］表示他清醒之后回忆起过去发生的情况，应选用动名词的形式而不是不定式的形式，先排除选项A和B；由于主语是被袭击，应表示出被动语态，进一步排除C而选出D。D选项中的hit前省略了与其并列的宾语当中相同的“having been”。
［考题4］The police found that the house ____ and a lot of things ____.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
［答案］ D
［解析］主句谓语动词found后有两个并列的宾语从句，两个宾语从句中的主语the house 和a lot of things都是物，两个宾语从句中的谓语动词都应采用过去完成时的被动语态形式来表示在警方发现之前已经完成的被动动作，四个选项中前半部分采用了过去完成时的被动语态形式的只有选项D，因此应选D。本题第二个下划线处采用了stolen的形式，这属于为避免重复而省略的形式，省略了与前一宾语从句相同的成分had been。
2. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ____.
A. the other is white
B. another white
C. the other white
D. another is white
［答案］ C
［解析］特指木板的另一侧应使用定冠词the，因此首先要排除表示泛指意义的选项B和D；又因为A选项不能表示出与前面分句一致的被动动作，因此选C。本题下划线处采用了the other white的形式，这属于为避免重复而使用的省略句，其完整形式为“the other side of the board should be painted white”。
3. The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
［答案］ D
［解析］once后省略了it(指前面刚被提及的the research) is，下划线表示一个“(研究)被开始，被启动”的被动动作，应该采用过去分词的形式，因此本题选D。注意：本题题干中省略的it(the research) is是顺承上文而自然进行的省略，被省略后仍可以很清楚地把握它的意思，而且使得整个句子更为简练。
4. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not ____ a native speaker.
A. as fluent as
B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as
D. much fluently than
［答案］ C
［解析］but在本题中作并列连词连接两个分句，后一分句属于省略句，为了避免重复而省略了主句中的主语he和比较状语从句中的谓语speaks English，由此可以看出题干中是在对he 和a native speaker说英语的熟练程度进行比较。说英语的熟练程度应选用副词fluently，所以首先排除选项A、B；much fluently than中than前面没有出现fluently的比较级的形式，应进一步排除选项D而选出C。
［考题8］No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being performed
［答案］ A
［解析］题干中让步状语从句的原型为no matter how frequently they are performed(无论这些作品是如何经常地被表演)，其中的they are可以省略。
［考题9］The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day.
A. watered
B. watering
C. water
D. to water
［答案］ A
［解析］条件状语从句的主语是被省略掉的与主句主语相同的the flowers，由于下划线要表示“(花)被浇水”的被动动作，因此只能选表示被动动作的选项A，watered之前可以加上被省略的they are。
5. — Are there any English story books for us students in the library?
— There are only a few, ______.
A. if any
B. if there
C. if some
D. if has
6. — Would you like to go with us?
— Yes, ______.
A. I’d
B. I’d like
C. I’d like to
D. I’d like to do
3. — Would you like to have a try once again?
— ____.
A. Yes, I like
B. No, I don’t like it
C. Yes, I want very much
D. Yes, I’d like to
4. — What do you think made Mary so upset?
— ____ her bicycle.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
5. — When did they get down to the job?
— ____.
A. Until they left
B. Till they arrived
C. Since they finished it
D. Not until they turned to me
6. — Are you angry?
— Yes. He should at least answer when ____.
A. speaking
B. spoken to
C. spoken
D. speaking to
本章补充强化训练题参考答案
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
英语中的省略句
省略句是高考考查的语法重点，又是学习的难点。在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用"省略句"，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。
一、简单句成分的省略
1. 省略主语。如:
Haven't seen you for ages!好久不见了!
2.省略谓语。如：
(Is there) Anything you want? 你要什么东西吗?
(Does) Anybody need help? 有人要帮忙吗?
3. 省略宾语。如：
I don't know (where he is ). 我不知道。
4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如：
(I'm) Afraid I can't come. 恐怕我不能来了。
(Have you) Got any ink? 你有墨水吗?
－It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
－_________her this weekend?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don’t visit
解析：答案为A。本题考察省略结构，这里why not visit =Why didn’t you visit ，这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题，其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的A答案。
二、复合句的省略
1. 在含有状语从句的复合句中
由when，while，as, once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if ，even though引导的让步状语从句；由as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。例如：
When (she was) asked , she didn’t answer a word. 当她被问到的时候，她一句话也说不上来。
Water can be changed into vapor if (it is ) heated. 水如果被加热就能变成水蒸气。
When (you are) working, you must pay attention. 当你上班的时候, 你必须全神贯注。
We may try again when (it is) necessary . 当它有必要的时候，我们可以再试一次。
7. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
解析：答案为B。本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：
if （it is） not carefully dealt with，当然，现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：if not.
2. 在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；在以the same... as和such... as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which。例如：
All you ever want to do is going shopping. 你所想的就是购物。
Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 这就是他在会议上为他上班粗心解释的理由吗
What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. 使我惊奇的不是他所说的，而是他说话的方式。
—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes，there's one point_____ we must insist on.
A．why B．where C．how D．/
答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point 在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that 省略，故答案为D。
3. 宾语从句的省略。如：
Tom has gone home, but I don't know why (he has gone home). 汤姆已经回家了，但是我不知道为什么（他回家）。
I heard (that ) he had gone abroad. 我听说他出国了。
Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened t he door to his bedroom.
A. why
B. that
C. when
D. where
解析：答案为B 。 that引导并列的宾语从句，Having前省去that,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that 一般不能省。
三、并列句的省略
在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:
He teaches English and his brother maths. 他教英语, 他的哥哥教数学。
We have been waiting for her to come back to see us, but (we have been waiting) in vain. 我们一直在等她回来看望我们,但我们白等了。
He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.
A.any
B. some
C. few
D. many
解析：答案为C。他制作了很多电影，但是好的很少。But 引导的并列句子进行了省略
but few good ones = but he made few good ones .
四、肯定结构
So+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构。如：
The boy died and a week later. So did his sister. 这个男孩死了，一周以后，他的姐姐也死了。
I’m an English teacher, so is my wife. 我是个英语老师，我的妻子也是。
－My room gets very cold at night.
－ ___________.
A. So is mine
B. So mine is
C. So does mine
D. So mine does
解析：答案为C。在两个答句中,当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句用so引出时,出现省略现象，还可引起倒装结构,表示"也……"。本句子的意思：“我的房子晚上很冷”。“我的也是”。 So does mine 相当于My room gets very cold at night, too.
注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine, guess, hope等.肯定回答结构为"主语+动词+so",否定回答结构为"主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so"或"主语+动词+not"。但动词为hope, guess时,否定回答只能说hope (guess) not,不能说don't hope (guess) so。
－It is sunny today. 今天阳光灿烂。
－So it is. (=It's really sunny today.) 是的。
－Will you be able to finish your respect today?
－ .
A. I like it
B. I hope so
C. I’ll do so
D. I’d love it
解析：答案为B。考查情景对话。句意为“希望如此”。
五、在否定结构中
由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。例如：
－I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! 我再也不去那家餐馆了。饭菜太难吃了！
－Neither would I .我也不去了。
If Joe' s wife won' t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either
B. neither will he
C. he neither will
D. either he will
解析：答案为B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞会的话，Joe也不会去。neither引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句而且主谓用倒装，这里nither he will 相当于he will not go to party , neither 。
六、不定式的省略
1. 在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词
let ,make ,have 后的"宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语"的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。如：
I haven't told you that my family made a lot of money in the nineteenth century by making chil dren work 16 hours a day in their factories.
The children were made to work more than 16 hours a day.
－Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
－Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____ you to your room.
A. show
B. shows
C. to show
D. showing
解析：答案为A。have sb.do sth. 结构中，不定式结构to do 省略to .故本句的结构应是：
I’ll have Bob show you to your room.
2. 系动词（be）+形容词，即be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号，例如：－Could you go shopping with me?
－I'm glad to (go shopping with you).
－I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
－Not at all. ______ .
A. I've no time
B. I'd rather not
C. I'd like it
D. I'll be happy to
解析：正确答案是D. to后省略了look after your cat。
3. mean, try, want, would like, would love, afford等后面接不定式时：
－Did you get a ticket?
－No, I meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.
－Why haven’t you bought any butter ?
－I _______ to but I forgot about it.
A. liked
B. wished
C. meant
D. expected
解析：这道题的难度较大，因为like , wish, expect 和mean 都可以后接动词不定式作宾语。但是从提供的情景分析，是打算买而没有买，应填meant。mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.的意思是“意味着”。这句话的意思是“我本打算去买，但我忘了。”，故答案为C。
4. tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时：
The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab).
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______ .
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
解析：正确答案是A. to后省略了ride his bicycle in the street.
【跟踪精炼】
I. 单项填空：
1. －Which would you like, chicken or fish?
－________
A. I don't think so.
B. What if?
C. Both.
D. Neither can I.
2. You may take them all home ________ .
A. if possible
B. if can
C. unless so
D. even if you can
3. －Hello, may I speak to Bill, please?
－________ .
A. Bill speaking
B. That's Bill
C. Speaking to Bill
D. I'm speaking
4. －I think you look very nice in the red dress.
－________ .
A. Oh, no, not nice at all
B. Glad you think so
C. Don't like red
D. You are kind, indeed
5. －I'm so tired, working all morning on the farm.
－Why not take a rest, then?
－________ .
A. Because I can't afford it
B. Maybe I should
C. I don't know
D. Sorry, I can't tell you
6. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you'll find it more attractive than commonly _____ ___ .
A. supposing
B. to suppose
C. supposed
D. is supposed
7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don't take medicine ________ .
A. like directed
B. to be directed
C. as directed
D. so that directed
8. The man stopped from time to time ________ whether he was being followed.
A. as if found
B. as to find
C. as if to find
D. when found
9. To tell the truth, I won't go to the party ________ .
A. so as to invite
B. even if invited
C. if inviting
D. if invite
10. Water, ________ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated
B. heating
C. though to be heated
D. when is heated
II.把省略的部分补充完整：
1. Someone has used my bike, but I don’t know who ________.
2. ______ sorry I’ve kept you waiting so long.
3.Where is the book ____I bought this morning?
4. I shall never forget the day ____ we first spent.
5. It’s important that we ______ speak to the old politely.
6. The way ____ you answered the question was excellent.
7. The reason ___ he came so early is his own affair.
8. What a hot day_______!
9. Though ____ tired, they went on working.
10. This car doesn’t run as fast as that one ______.
Keys :
I.
1. C。由题意知C项可以恢复为：I'd like them both / both of them。
2. A。状语从句的省略，由题意知其完整形式为：if it is possible.
3. A。这是一个电话用语的省略形式，其对应的完整句是：This is Bill speaking.
4. B。由语境知，答句对应的完整句为：I am glad that you think I look very nice.
5. B。结合语境可知，该对话答句应为：Maybe I should take a rest now.
6. C。该题也是一个状语从句的省略式，其完整形式为：than it is commonly supposed.
7. C。根据题意可知，这是一个状语从句的省略形式，其对应完整句应为：as they are directed.
8. C。该题对应的完整形式是：as if he wanted to find...
9. B。该题是状语从句的省略形式，其完整句是：even if I am invited.
10. A。这是一个含被动语态的状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是when it is heated enough。
II. 1. used it 2.I’m sorry 3. that / which 4. which / that 5. should 6. in which / that 7. why 8. it is ! 9. they were tired 10. runs
简单句中的省略用法
A. 在对话、交际中
◎在回答他人的问题时，根据问题的类型和性质，只作简短的回答。如：
(1)—Do you like playing volleyball? 你喜欢打排球吗？
—Yes, I do. 是的，我喜欢。
(2)—Who is talking with our teacher? 谁在跟我们的老师谈话？
—Our headmaster. 我们的校长。
(3)—What is your favourite subject? 你最喜欢哪一学科？
—English. 英语。
◎谈论事物时，接着人家的话，发表自己的观点、看法，常省略相同的部分。此时，被省略的成分可根据上文内容补出。如：
(1)—Maths is very difficult. 数学很难。
—But very important and useful. 但是很重要、很有用。
(2)—Ann is very clever. 安妮很聪明。
—And very diligent. 并且也很勤奋。
◎表达心里感受时，主语、系动词常被省略。如：
(1)—How do you find English？你认为英语怎么样？
—Very interesting. 很有趣。
(2)—Nice to see you again. 又见到你真高兴。
(3)—What do you think about this film? 你认为这场电影怎样？
—Very disappointing. 非常令人失望。
B. 在某些句型中
◎祈使句中的主语常被省略
(1)Go and open the window. 去把窗户打开。
(2)Follow me, please. 请跟我来。
(3)Be bold but don’t be shy. 胆大一点，不要害羞。
(4)Don’t worry about them. 不要为他们操心。
◎感叹句
在发出感慨时，为了表达出强烈的感情，常省略主语、系动词或谓语动词等。如：
(1)What a good girl! 多好的女孩啊！
(2)How beautiful! 多美啊！
复合句中的省略用法
一、在对话、交谈中
1.回答问题时，往往可省略从句或主句中的某些成分、甚至整个从句或主句。如：
(1)—Where were you when the fire broke out last night? 昨天晚上发生火灾时，你在哪？
—(I was ) In Li Lei’s. 在李蕾家。
(2)—What will you do when you finish your homework? 你做完作业后干什么？
—I’ll go to play football with some friends. 我去跟朋友踢足球。
(3)—What are you going to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算干什么？
—I’m going to be a businessman. 我打算去做生意。
2.提出建议、劝告、警告或许诺等时，也可省略句子中的某些成分。如：
(1)Work harder, and you’ll succeed. 工作再努力些，你就会成功。
(2)Take care when you walk on the ice. 在冰上行走时要小心。
(3)Hurry up, or you’ll be late. 快一点，不然就会迟到了。
二、某些句型中
1.表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而谓语动词是系动词b e时，就可将从句的主语及系动词be 省略。如：
(1)Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough. =solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough. 如果加到足够的热，固体会变成液体，而液体又会变成气体。
(2)Have a little more if delicious. =You have a little more if it is delicious 如果好吃就多吃一点。
(3)Make changes where necessary. =You make changes where it is necessary. 在必要的地方作些修改。
(4)I won’t attend his party, though invited a few days ago. = I won’t attend his party, though I was invi ted a few days ago. 尽管几天前请了我，但我还是不会参加他的聚会。
2.表示时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致，就可将从句的主语省略，同时，将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。如：
(1)He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam. =He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam. 当告诉他考试通过了时，他非常兴奋。
(2)If running a little faster, he will take the first place. =If he runs a little faster, he will take the first p lace. 如果再跑快一点，他就会获得第一名。
(3)They began to talk warmly as if being good friends. =They began to talk warmly as if they were goo
d friends. 他们就好像是好朋友一样开始热烈地谈论起来。
3.条件从句中的主语是第二人称时，可将if及从句的主语省略成为祈使句，从而用and/or 等将两句连接起来，成为并列句。如：
(1)Give me ten more minutes, and I’ll finish it. = If you give me ten more minutes, I’ll finish it. 多给我十分钟，我就会把它完成了。
(2)Drive slowly, or you’ll get a fine. = If you don’t drive slowly, you’ll get a fine. 开慢一点，否则你就会被罚。
有时，这个句型可进一步省略，成为：more + 名词，and + 句子。如：
A little more effort, and you get it finished. = If you make a little more effort, you’ll get it finished. 再努力一点，你就会把它完成了。
4.比较状语从句中，常将从句中与主句中的相同成分省略。如：
(1)The weather in the south is much better than in the north. = The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north is good. 南方的天气比北方的天气好多了。
(2)The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago. = The Beijing you s ee today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago. 你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。
注意：当比较的主句和从句都为及物动词带宾语时，从句省略后，留下的代词用主格或宾格时，意思不同。如：
He likes the dog better than she. 他比她更喜欢那条狗。
He likes the dog better than her. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢她。
因此，从句的主语若为名词，省略谓语部分后须加助动词do 的适当形式，否则就会产生歧义。如：
He likes his dog better than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更喜欢那条狗。
He likes his dog better than his wife. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他的妻子。
5.名词性从句中的一部分省略。如：
(1)He was late this morning, but I don’t know why. 他今天早晨吃到了，但我不知道他迟到的原因。
(2)He got here this morning, but do you know how? 他今天早晨就到这儿了，但我不知道他是怎么来的。
6.主句中的一部分省略。如：
(1)Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer. 听说你成功地找到了答案，我很高兴。
(2)What if he did come today? 要是他今天不来，那怎么办呢？
省略句的基本情况总结 省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面： 1.为避免重复而进行的省略。 当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如：He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。 2.语法上的省略。 有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明，例如：He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。 3.习惯用法上的省略。 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。例如，在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略：Very easy?很简单吗？// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗？ 又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句：What (happened) next?下面要发生什么？// Why not?为什么不？// Why so?为什么这样？ ［考题1］He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many ［答案］ C ［解析］下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式，单独看起来不好理解，应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.” 1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
1.Jane is dusting the furniture because Bob won't dust it. 2.Her life is yet one ceaseless round of work for others, as it has always been one ceaseless round of work for others. 3.He remained a great lover of sport, as he had been a great lover of sport in his youth. 4.Although he was told to stop, John kept on working till late at night. 5.I am happy if you are happy. 6.I gave my energy to other subjects though I was continuing to collect sufficient data for my research work. 7.Though he was seriously wounded, he flatly refused to quit the battlefield. 8.The relationship between our two countries is essentially good, even if it has been progressing slowly. 9.Although she was the youngest of the class, Mary captured all the prizes. 10.Be careful that you don't catch cold.
省略句 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。 Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 （am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when，while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的 让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor. Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time. （注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式） 4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句 e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep. He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作） 二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时， 一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。 e.g. He is taller than his brother (is). I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. 三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is， there is/are。 e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt. If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法 关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。 e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa. I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl. Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略 1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形 成倒装句。 e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. = Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句 中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略 1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定 式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。 E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday. Hearing the news, sh e couldn’t help but cry. 3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope， try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。 E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to. Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
高中英语省略句讲练 为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis） 种类例句说明 主语的省略 Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? Pity we live so far from the sea. (It is a pity we live so far from the sea. 有时也可省略整个句子的 主语和谓语，只保留次要 成分。 She was poor but (she was honest. --Did you know anything about the accident? --Not until you told me. (= I didn’t know anything about it until you told me. 谓语的省略 --what do you think made Mary so upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset. 状语从句的省略Seen from the plane (when it is seen from the plane, the house looks like tiny toys. If (it is possible, I’ll go there with you. 注意状语从句中的主语同 主句主语的一致性。 不定式的省略 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the street. --Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? --I was going to (come yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 若不定式后面是完成时， 省略时应保留have；不定 式后含有动词be的结构 时，也要保留be动词。 --Did you tell him the news? --I ought to have (told him the news, but I didn’t know how to speak. --Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
英语省略句的用法-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1
省略句的基本情况总结 省略句的基本情况分为以下三个方面： 1.为避免重复而进行的省略。 当一个句子中有两个或更多相同的词、短语出现时，其中的第一个须保留，其余的往往省略，以达到避免重复、使句子简练的目的。高考中尤其要注意的情况是：当时间状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致并含有be时，往往将该状语从句中的主语和be一同省略。例如： He hurt himself while (he was) playing basketball.他在打篮球时受了伤。// He works very hard though (he is) still rather weak.他虽然身体还很虚弱，但他非常努力地工作。 2.语法上的省略。 有些成分的省略是出于语法上的原因——使表述更为简明，例如：He got up at six (o’clock).他六点钟起床。// He is twelve (years old).他十二岁。// I walked (for) ten miles.我走了十英里路。 3.习惯用法上的省略。 有些省略句的情况是出于习惯用法，尤其是在口语中。例如，在问句中be常常省略，有时连主语一起省略： Very easy?很简单吗？// Feeling unwell? 感觉不舒服吗？ 又如以what, how或why开头的某些问句： What (happened) next?下面要发生什么？// Why not?为什么不？// Why so?为什么这样？ ［考题1］ He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many ［答案］ C ［解析］下划线处之前的but决定了只能选择具有否定含义的选项C。题干中的“few good ones”为省略句形式，单独看起来不好理解，应联系上文理解为“He has made few good films.” 1. ____ and I’ll get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
高考英语最新省略句知识点解析 一、选择题 1．As we all know, , the pollution will get worse and worse. A．not if carefully dealt with B．until not carefully dealt with C．if not carefully dealt with D．when not carefully dealt with 2．The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A．find B．finding C．to find D．found 3．Our bedroom ________ 8 metres across, if ________ in metres. A．is measured; measured B．is measured in; measuring C．measures; measured D．measures in; measuring 4．If the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A．giving B．give C．given D．being given 5．I decide I will not attend her birthday party ________. A．if inviting B．when inviting C．unless invited D．while invited 6．If ________ to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. A．expose B．exposing C．exposed D．to expose 7．—Frequent lack of breakfast does harm to health. — , why do you always do that? A．So what B．If so C．If any D．Even so 8．Friendship is like money, easier made than ______. A．being kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．kept 9．If ______ in class, you will have to clean the classroom for a week as a punishment. A．to catch to sleep B．caught to sleep C．catching sleeping D．caught sleeping 10．The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______. A．ignore B．to be ignored C．ignoring D．ignored 11．Mimosa, 15 cm in height, is a sensitive small plant, which will close when ______. A．touching B．touched C．is touched D．to be touched 12．Jerry has promised to keep the secret, so he won't tell anyone even though . A．asking to B．to be asked C．to ask D．asked to 13．When ________how a statue from distant Greece____in China，researchers explained that it
英语中常见的省略 省略是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种十分普遍的现象。【词的省略】 一.省略介词 I spent two hours ( in ) playing basketball . 二.省略连接词that 在know , think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say , decide ,等动词后的宾语从句中that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。 I believe ( that ) you will succeed . I’m sure（that）Mr. Smith will help you . 注意：在宾语从句中，当有两个以上并列从句时，第一个that可以省略，以后的均不可省略。 He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart . 三.省略关系代词 在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that , which , who , whom可省略，非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。 I will give you all ( that ) I have. Mike read the book ( which ) I bought yesterday . The girl ( who / whom / that ) the teacher spoke to is Lily .
【句子成分的省略】 一.省略主语。如： Beg your pardon. ( Beg前省略了主语I ) Take care ! ( Take前省略了主语you ) Looks as if it is going to rain . ( Looks前省略了主语it ) 二.省略谓语。如： Who next? ( Who后面省略了谓语comes ) The lake was deep and the ice thin .( ice后面省略了was ) We will do the best we can . ( can后面省略了动词do ) 三.省略表语。如： -Are you ready? -Yes ,I am . ( am后省略了ready ) 四.省略宾语。如： Let’s do the dishes . I’ll wash and you’ll dry . ( wash 和dry后面省略了宾语dishes ) 五.省略状语。如： Tom was not hurt . Strange ! ( Strange前面省略了状语how ) 六.在由and和but连接的句子中，为了避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1.省略共同的主语或状语。 Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and ( Mr. Smith )
第八讲省略句的翻译 The translation of elliptical sentences Complete sentences in Chinese translated into English elliptical sentences 1. 要注意你的一言一行。 Mind your p’s and q’s. 2. 你是傻子？你才一点不傻呢！ You foolish? Not a bit of it. Chinese elliptical sentences translated into English elliptical sentences 1.必要的话，我可以马上离开。 If necessary, I’ll be leaving at once. 2. 遇到困难，可找我帮助。 When in trouble, turn to me for help. Chinese elliptical sentences translated into English complete sentences 1.大伙劝他歇歇，他不。 They all advised him to have a rest, but he wouldn’t listen. 课堂练习 1. 好久不见了。 2. 怎么啦？小伙子！找下个对象没有？ 3. 怕不能去。 4. 他有自己的打算，但不愿意向别人谈论。 5. 多年来一直喝这种苦药，我真是喝够了。 6. “她怎么啦？” 又饿又急，昏过去了。 7. 这件事你不懂，就别在操心了。 8. 她找着了就送过来。 9. 妈不像您，见钱就忘了命。 10．严重吗？不，只是胃有点疼。一定是吃多了。 1. 好久不见了。 I haven’t seen you for ages. Long time no see 2. 怎么啦？小伙子！找下个对象没有？ What about it young man? Have you found yourself a girl yet? How are you doing, young man/lad? Have you found a girl friend yet?/a girl friend for you would-be wife?/a girl friend after your heart?/a partner
高中英语语法：省略句的类型和用法 在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959年，傅彪出生于1963年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：1)由when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;2)由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;3)由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;4)由as ,than 等引导的比较状语 从句;5)由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时应遵循下面原则： 1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether , when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while , though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如： a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人，现在变成一位著名的歌手。 b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。 c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什么东西。 d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在与胡锦涛主席会谈时，感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
高考英语省略句知识点分类汇编附解析 一、选择题 1．When people cut down big trees, new trees should be planted. ,they will have no trees to cut down in the future. A．If not B．If so C．If no so D．If don’t 2．The flowers he bought will die unless every day. A．watered B．watering C．being watered D．to water 3．Though ________ of the danger, Mr. Brown still risked his life to save the boy in the fire. A．having told B．being told C．to be told D．told 4．---Are you a teacher? ---No, but I ________. A．used to B．was used to C．used to be D．used to do 5．We will gather for the community service at the school gate at 8 tomorrow morning unless . A．otherwise informing B．otherwise being informed C．otherwise informed D．having otherwise informed 6．—How is Amy suffering from liver failure? —The doctor has said if in a proper way, she is likely to recover. A．to be treated B．treated C．treating D．is treated 7．The text and dialogues below focus on cultural differences between Chinese and Western societies which can create misunderstanding if ______. A．ignore B．to be ignored C．ignoring D．ignored 8．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately. A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so 9．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 10．A good interviewer is able to tell very quickly if you’ve done your homework about the company, so make sure you ________! A．do B．have C．will do D．did 11．As we all know, , the pollution will get worse and worse. A．not if carefully dealt with B．until not carefully dealt with C．if not carefully dealt with D．when not carefully dealt with 12．—Those senior citizens cheated should have been warned of illegal fund-raising.
省略句（elliptical sentences ） 定义：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。 省略的部分：单词、短语、分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断 一、哪些部分可以省略 （一）省略单词 1、省略介词 He spe nt four hours （in） going over his less ons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish （for） five years. 我已学五年英语了。 2、省略连词 I believe （that） you will succeed . 我相信你们会成功的。 It ' s a pity （that） he ' s leaving.他要走，真遗憾。 I ' m sure （that） she will help you.我肯定她会帮你的。 3、省略关系代词 I ' ll give you all （that） I have.我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book （which） I got yesterday.他看过我昨天买的书了。 二、省略句子成分 1、省略主语 Beg your pardon.（我）请你原谅。（Beg前省略了主语I ） Take care!当心！（Take前省略了主语you ） Looks as if it will rain.看起来象要下雨。（Looks前省略了主语it ） 2、省略谓语 Who next?该谁了？（Who后面省略了谓语comes ） The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice 后面省略了was ） We ' ll do the best we can.我们将尽力而为。（can后面省略了动词do ） 3、省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am.你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（ am后面省略了ready ） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ） 4、省略宾语 Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash和dry后面省略 了宾语dishes ） 5、省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest 后面省 略了定语of the money ） 6、省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange!他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange前面省略了状语how ） 二、什么句式中可以省略 1. 简单句中的省略: 在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语
高考英语省略句知识点知识点总复习附解析(1) 一、选择题 1．We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with 2．—It was careless of you to put your new bike downstairs all night. —My God!________. A．So I did B．So it was C．So did I D．So have I 3．The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A．find B．finding C．to find D．found 4．Some of you may have finished the text. _______, you can go on to the next. A．If ever B．If so C．If possible D．If not 5．Don’t ______ in the exam while _______ an exam. A．calm, take B．cheat, taking C．list, taking D．ignore, take 6．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d bett er take it to the garage immediately. A．Otherwise B．If not C．But for that D．If so 7．Lei Feng was a person who was only too ready to help others, seldom ________, refusing them when they turned to him. A．if never B．if ever C．if not D．if any 8．Unless ________ to speak, most high school students here prefer remaining silent in class. A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited 9．What do you feel when _______ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call? A．leaving talking B．left talking C．being leaving talking D．being left talking 10．_____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A．Other things were equal B．Other things being equal C．To be equal to other things D．Other things to be equal 11．Present at the funeral were about 1000 people, many more than__________. A．is expected B．expected C．having expected D．having been expected 12．—Have you been to the Great Wall?
省略句（elliptical sentences） 定义：省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，为了避免重复、突出新信息使上下文紧密连接的修辞手段。 省略的部分：单词、短语、分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断 一、哪些部分可以省略 （一）省略单词 1、省略介词 He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。 I ' ve studied Eng1ish (for) five years. 我已学五年英语了。 2、省略连词 I believe (that) you will succeed ．我相信你们会成功的。 It ' s a pity (that) he ' s leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。 I ' m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。 3、省略关系代词 I ' ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。 He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。 二、省略句子成分 1、省略主语 Beg your pardon. （我）请你原谅。（Beg 前省略了主语I ） Take care! 当心！（Take 前省略了主语you ） Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。（Looks 前省略了主语it ） 2、省略谓语 Who next? 该谁了？（Who 后面省略了谓语comes ） The river was deep and the ice thin. （ice 后面省略了was ） We ' ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。（can 后面省略了动词do ） 3、省略表语 Are you ready? Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。（am 后面省略了ready ） He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。（had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports ） 4、省略宾语 Let ' s do the dishes. I ' ll wash and you ' ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。（wash 和dry 后面省略了宾语dishes ） 5、省略定语 He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 那钱他花了部分，其余的他都存了起来。（the rest 后面省略了定语of the money ） 6、省略状语 He was not hurt. Strange! 他没有受伤，真奇怪！（Strange 前面省略了状语how ） 1. 的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。如省略主语 （1）Looks like rain. （it） （2）Hope to hear from you soon. (I)