U4重点词汇讲解
1. file
1) n. （计算机的）文件
to access/copy/create/delete/download/save a file
打开/复制/新建/删除/下载/保存文件
to have/open/keep a confidential file on sb.
有/设立/保存某人的机密档案
2) v. 归档，放置 file sth. (away)
I filed the letters away in a drawer.
我把信件存放到抽屉里了。
2. hatred
n. 憎恨；仇恨；恶意，由动词hate变化而来
He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.
他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
have a hatred for/of 憎恶…….
She has a profound hatred of fascism.
她对法西斯主义怀有深仇大恨。
3. assess
v. 评估；核定
1) assess sb/sth (as sth) 评估，评定（性质、质量）
I assess your chance as low.
我估计你的机会不大。
2) assess sth. (at sth.) 估算、估定（数量、价值），
They have assessed the amount of compensation to be paid. 他们已经核定赔偿额。
Damage to the building was assessed at $40000.
该建筑物的损失估定为4万美元。
4. firm
1) n. 商行、商号、公司
He has just started an engineering firm.
他刚开了一家工程公司。
近义词：company，corporation
2) adj. 坚定的、确定的、坚决的
We have no firm evidence to support the case.
我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。
We must maintain a firm attitude.
我们必须采取坚定的态度。
5. leak
1) n. 漏洞，裂缝
You must shut the gas supply off if there is a leak.
煤气泄漏时，必须把阀门关上。
2) v. 漏、泄漏
The roof was leaking.
屋顶在漏雨。
3) 泄露，透露；走漏
leak sth. (to sb)
The contents of the report were leaked to the press.
报告的内容泄露到新闻界了。
6. confidential
1) adj. 机密的，保密的，隐密的，秘密的
Your medical records are strictly confidential.
你的病历是绝对保密的。
2) confident adj. 自信的，确信的
Your encouragement made me more confident of my future.
你的鼓励使我对我的未来更有信心。
3) confidence n. 信任，信心
She has great confidence in her success.
她对自己的成功非常有信心。
4) confidentially adv. 秘密地，悄悄地，私下的
She told me confidentially that she is going to retire early.
她私下告诉我她要提前退休。
7. suspect
1) n. 嫌疑犯；可疑对象；
He is a prime suspect in this murder case.
他是这起谋杀案的主要嫌疑人。
2) v. 怀疑
suspect sb. (of sth/of doing sth) 怀疑（某人有罪）
He resigned after being suspected of theft.
他被怀疑有偷窃行为，随后就辞职了。
The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.
这种药被怀疑导致超过200人的死亡。
3) adj. 可疑的，不可信的
Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
一些他们提供的证据非常可疑。
8. cooperation n. 合作
1) cooperation (with sb.) (in doing sth.)
cooperation (between A and B)
It is a report produced by the government in cooperation with the chemical industry. 这是一份政府与化工行业合作提出的一份报告
We would like to see closer cooperation between parents and schools.
我们希望学生家长和学校有更加紧密的合作。
2) cooperate v. 合作，协作 cooperate with sb. in/on sth.
The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.
这两个组同意相互协作。
9. force
1) n. 武力，暴力
The villages were taken away by force.
村民们被强行带走。
2) n. 力，力量
The shopping center took the full force of explosion.
购物中心承受了全部的爆炸力。
3）n. 权力，效力
These guidelines do not have the force of law.
这些指导条例不具有法律效应。
4）energy，power，strength和force均可表示“力”。
energy意为“能量”，尤指人在做某事并为完成该事所表现出的生机勃勃的力，多用作不可数名词。
power意为“能力”，词义丰富，可指内在的或外加的力、潜在的或活动的力、具体的或抽象的力、身体的或精神的力等。
strength意为“体力”，常指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力，有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力，是不可数名词。
10. negotiate
1) v. 商定，达成（协议）
Since our contract is near its term we must negotiate a new one.
由于我们的合同快到期了，我们必须商定一个新的合约。
negotiate (with sb.) (for/about sth.) 谈判；磋商；协商
We have been negotiating for more pay.
我们一直在为增加工资进行协商。
2) n. 谈判，协商
We are satisfied with the smoothness of the negotiation.
我们对谈判的顺利进行很满意。
11. applicant n. 申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）
applicant (for sth.)
There were over 500 applicants for the job.
有500多人申请这份工作。
1) apply v. 申请, 应用
You should apply for that job in person.
你应该当面去申请那份工作。
The new technology was applied to farming.
这项新技术已经应用于农业。
2) application n. 申请，申请书
His application to the court for bail has been refused.
他向法庭申请保释遭到拒绝。
12. considerate adj.考虑周到的、体谅的、体贴的
She is always polite and considerate towards her employees.
她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。
consider v. 仔细考虑，细想
Have you ever considered my suggestion?
你有没有考虑过我的建议？
consider sb/sth (as sth) 认为，以为，觉得
These workers are considered (as) a high-risk group.
这些工人被视为属高风险人群。
Who do you consider (to be) responsible for the accident?
你认为谁对这个事故负有责任？
13. smooth
1) adj. 光滑的，流畅的
Over the years, the stone steps had worn smooth.
日久天长，石阶已经磨得光溜溜的。
2) v. 使平整 smooth sth (back/down/out)
She was smoothing out the creases in her skirt.
她正设法弄平裙子上的皱褶。
3) v.（将软物质）均匀涂抹于smooth sth. on/into/over sth.
Smooth the icing over the top of the cake.
在蛋糕顶上均匀地铺上一层糖霜。
4) smoothly adv. 平稳地，流畅地
The engine was running smoothly.
发动机在平稳运转。
14. inspect vt. 查看，审视
inspect sth/sb (for sth)
The plants are regularly inspected for disease. 对这些植物定期做病害检查。check, examine, inspect比较：
这一组词的意思都是“检查”、“审查”，但它们的内在含义有所不同。
check主要指检验或测试事物的准确性、真实性以确保其正确、安全或处于良好状态。He checked the temperature every day before leaving home.
他每天出门之前都检查气温情况。
examine主要指通过仔细地观察以找出问题。
My bag was examined carefully when I entered this country.
在我进入这个国家之前，我的包被仔细检查。
inspect指查看或官方检查。
The mayor will inspect our school tomorrow.
市长明天会来视察我校。
15. compensate
1) vi. 补偿；弥补 compensate (for sth.)
Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one.
失去心爱的人是无法补偿的。
2) vt. 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）compensate sb. (for sth.)
Her lawyer said she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused. 她的律师说她应该为所遭受的痛苦得到赔偿。
练习：
一、首字母填空完成句子。
1. You can d_________ this software for free.
2. It’s a t_________ possibility, but I don’t suppose it will happen.
3. She is a f________ to be reckoned with.
4. We will a________ the damages caused by the flood.
5. Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our c_________.
6. As the wage of the job was low, there were few a__________ for it.
7. The driver’s c___________ was suspended by the police.
8. It was strange that nobody i________ my ticket before I got on the train.
9. This h_______ was generated by racial prejudice.
10. We must maintain a f______ attitude.
二、根据中文填空完成句子。
1. The branches were weighed down with _______ (成熟的) apples.
2. The details were supposed to be secret but somehow _______ (泄露) out.
3. He told me the __________ (秘密的) information.
4. We’ve decided to _________ (商定) with the employers about our wage claim.
5. She gave him back the money she’d stolen for the sake of her _______ (良心).
6. The headmaster has made a decision of __________ (停学) of a pupil from school.
7. The new rule will be put into ________(实行) this year.
8. It was __________ (考虑周到的) of you to bring me my raincoat.
9. Don’t forget to date your __________ (支票).
10. He drew a ________ (草图) on a pad then began his formal work.
三、选词语填空完成句子。
1. Put this letter in the main ________.
2. She ____________ out wrinkles (皱褶) out of the tablecloth.
3. The new system will soon be __________.
4. He paid the money into his _________.
5. Wait until it’s finished __________.
6. Customs officers always _________ our baggage carefully.
7. Nothing can __________ for the loss of time.
8. The ________ of cotton goods went up sharply in 1986.
9. She’s a very ___________and caring person.
10. He was an author whose works were so little known as to be almost _________.
四、用所给词语编写故事（至少用八个词或词组）。
答案：
一、1. download 2.theorectical 3. force 4. assess
5. cooperation
6. applicants
7.certificate
8.inspected
9. hatred 10. firm
二、1. ripe 2. leaked 3. confidential 4. negotiate
5.conscience
6. suspension
7. effect
8. considerate
9. cheque 10. draft
三、1. file 2. smoothed 3. put into effect 4. bank account
5. downloading.
6. examine
7. compensate
8. import
9. considerate 10. confidential
四、Nowadays, many firms find there are always someone leaking the confidential file and database to the society. The loss of intellectual property is so much that it can hardly be assessed accurately. To make things worse, many suspects are found the employees of that firm and they cannot compensate for the damage. Thus, the government is considering working out more regulations for that kind of crime.