当前位置:文档之家› 英语常用修辞格

英语常用修辞格

常用英语修辞格

明喻(Simile)

明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象

进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though

等。例如:

●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed

into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳,好像被什么东西叮了一下似的,他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。)

●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上,像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。)

暗喻(Metaphor)

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它

直接把一种事物名称用在另一事物上,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如:

●What will parents do without the electronic baby

-sitter? (如果没有这位电子保姆,父母该怎么办呢?)

●... while most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.(……但是我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。)

转喻(Metonymy)

是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。例如:

●My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley.(我的十五位学生读了爱默生、梭罗和赫胥黎的作品。)这是典型的转喻,以人名借代作品。

●Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon.

(面对“地球卵形说”者,我能打的第一张牌是,太阳和月亮的相似性。) 文中作者用具体第一张牌来借代抽象的“第一个论据”,更加生动形象,浅显易懂,也使语言新鲜活泼,富有表现力。

拟人

(Personification)

拟人是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物上,使之人格化的修辞格。例如:

●... four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner,swheresthey struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.(……四丛常绿灌木分别位于每个角落,它们忍受着从繁忙的大街上吹来的尘烟,挣扎着活下去。)“挣扎”是有生命的物体的动作,作者给自然的花草赋予了生命,使它人格化。

●But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。)house本来是没有感情的,作者通过拟人的手法,表现房子里人的冷漠无情。

夸张(Hyperbole)

夸张是一种故意言过其实,或夸大或缩小事物的形象,借以突出事物的某种特征或品格,

鲜明地表达思想情感的修辞方式。用于描写可以使形象更生动突出,渲染气氛,烘托意境,给读者留下深刻、鲜明的印象。例如:

●Vingo sat stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs—

20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds.(文戈坐在那儿望着橡树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手——二十条,三十条,或许几百条。)此句中20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds就是运用夸张的手法,主观地渲染了气氛

●She gave me the impression ofshavingsmore teeth, white and large and

even, than were necessary for any practical purpose.(她给我的印象是:她有一口洁白整齐的牙为数之多已超过任何实际需要。)在这里作者通过夸张的描述,使一个贪婪好吃的女性形象跃然纸上。

反语(Irony)

英语修辞格irony就是说反话,用反面的话来表达正面的意思。这种修辞格可用来进行

讽刺,但多数是用来表达一种善意的幽默或俏皮,故意说出与本意相反的话,例如:

●Slowly the old lady stooped to pick it (the cheque ) up. Her present, her lovely present. With trembling fingers she tore itsintoslittle bits. (老太太慢慢地弯下腰,把支票从地上捡起来,她的礼物,她的可爱的礼物!用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。)老太太八十岁寿辰那天,急切地盼望女儿回家看望她,稍稍安慰她那颗孤寂的心,然而盼来的却是女儿的一张冷冰冰的支票,这当然不是老人心爱的礼物。故此处her lovely present是典型的irony,是句反话。

●She was not so young as I expected and in appearance imposing rather than attractive.(

她并不如我想象的那么年轻。她的外表与其说吸引人,不如说是令人难忘。)imposing意因为外貌、形体而使人印象深刻,作者在此以讽刺挖苦的口吻来描述一个贪吃而肥胖的女人。

仿拟(Parody)

根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语;或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿拟例如:●To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma(撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题)看到这个标题,我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句“To be or not to be, that is the question”。显然,文章的题目由此模仿而来,给人印象深刻。

●Lady hermits who are down but not out(穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们)文中的down but not out 源于down and out,原是拳击比赛的术语,后来喻指穷困潦倒的人

矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)

用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,在矛盾中寻求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辞效果,这就是矛盾修辞法,用这种方法,语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果。例如:

●A miserable, merry Christmas(悲喜交加的圣诞节)。圣诞节那天,故事主人公小男孩经历了从痛苦的边缘到幸福的顶峰的过程。因此,父母精心安排的圣诞节既是最糟的,又是最好的。

头韵

(Alliteration)

与前面几种修辞方式不同,头韵是一种语音修辞方式,它指一组词、一句话或一行诗中重复出现开头字母相同的单词,常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中,简明生动,起到突出重点,加深印象,平衡节奏,宣泄感情的作用。例如:

●A miserable, merry Christmas

●Profits of praise

1.生动形象的Simile(明喻)

2.含而不露的Metaphor(隐喻)

3.无灵有灵的Personification(拟人)

4.结构精巧的Transferred Epithet(移就)

5.蕴涵新意的Synecdoche(提喻)

6.明抑暗扬的Understatement(低调陈述)

7.闪烁其词的Euphemism(委婉)

8.强化语意的Hyperbole(夸张)

9.含蓄典雅的Allusion(引喻)

10.相映相衬的Antithesis(对照)

11.排迭匀称的Parallelism(平行)

12.发人深思的Paradox(隽语)

13.矛盾统一的Oxymoron(矛盾修饰)

14.妙趣横生的Anticlimax(突降)

15.一唱三叹的Repetition(重复)

16.音律优美的Alliteration(头韵)

17.一语两意的Pun(双关)

18.冷嘲热讽的Irony(反语)

19.趣味盎然的Parody(仿拟)

20.化腐为奇的Zeugma(轭式搭配)

积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques)

它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下:

1词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)

metaphor(比喻), metonymy(借代), personification(拟人), irony(反语), hyperbole(夸张), understatement(低调), euphemism(委婉语), contrast(对照), oxymoron(矛盾修辞法), transferred epithet(移就), pun(双关), syllepsis(异叙), zeugma(粘连), parody(仿拟), paradox(隽语)

2结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices)

repetition(反复), catchword repetition(联珠), chiasmus(回文), parallelism(平行结构), antithesis(反对), rhetoric question(设问), anticlimax(突降)

3.音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices)

alliteration(头韵), onomatopoeia(拟声)

英语18种重要修辞手法

18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。) 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 (1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如: There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体,spring of a serpen t(动态),shout of a fiend(声音),green as an emerald(颜色),它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见,多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 (2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。请看下例: A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼,产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆,难觅一成功之作,似鳕鱼产卵无数,长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod,再进一步用cod的习性比喻之,生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处,延喻不仅要注意比喻本身,还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说,延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分,不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种: ①由动词构成

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 英语中常见的修辞手法包括以下几种: 1. 比喻:用一个事物来代替另一个事物,以便突出某种特点或形象描绘。例如:"He is a shining star." 2. 暗喻:通过隐晦的方式来暗示某种含义或形象。例如:"The classroom was a zoo." 3. 拟人:将非人类的事物赋予人类特征,使其更形象生动。例如:"The wind howled." 4. 反问:提出一个问题,但并不期望得到回答,用于强调某种观点或引起读者的思考。例如:"Isn't it a lovely day?" 5. 夸张:夸大事物的特点或程度,以便产生强烈的感觉或效果。例如:"I've told you a million times." 6. 对比:将两个相对的事物或观点进行对比,突出它们的差异或相似之处。例如:"Love is patient, love is kind." 7. 排比:重复使用相同的结构,以便加强表达的力度或效果。例如:"I came, I

saw, I conquered." 8. 修饰语:使用形容词、副词等修饰词语,以增强其描述能力或表达感情色彩。例如:"The sun was shining brightly." 9. 双关语:使用具有多重意义的词语或短语,以产生幽默效果或引起读者的注意。例如:"Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana." 10. 反复:重复使用相同的词语或短语,以强调某种观点或产生连贯的效果。例如:"Never, never, never give up." 这些修辞手法在语言表达中起到了丰富和强调的作用,并可以提升语言的美感和表达的效果。

英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如:I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。 “Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开

英语修辞格汇总

修辞格(figures of speech)大体分为三类: 音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices ); 词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices) (一)音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中,有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节(或其他重读音节)具有同样的字母或声音. Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.(alliteration) 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间,有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。 With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. 怀着这个信念,我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法,与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。 在英美文学终,拟声词的应用非常广泛: 如:摹仿金属声的有:clash, clank, ting, tinkle, clang, jangle, ding-dong, tick-tack, etc. 摹仿水等液体声的有:splash, bubble, sizz, sizzle, splish-splosh, drip-drop, etc. 摹仿各种动物叫声有:neigh, baa, moo, miao, screech, hiss, cook-a-doodle-do, etc. 摹仿人的各种声音有:giggle, chuckle, shriek, snort, sneeze, snigger, smack, whisper, grunt, grumble, mumble, sputter, murmur, chatter, gurgle, whoop, etc. note: (词义的转变)英语拟声词往往不仅仅指声音,并兼指产生声音的动作,(即转义后可做动词或名词): 如:flap本指扁平物体拍打时发出的“啪嗒”声,但转义后也可做动词“拍打”(动词to flap,名词a flap) 又如:bang本指“砰砰”的敲物声,转义后,可指敲物的动作"敲打"(v. to bang, n. a bang) (二)词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices) 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma etc. Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同,用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中,在形式上是相对应的。英语simile的比喻词一般是like, as(……as)等,汉语明喻的比喻词通常是好象、仿佛等。例如: As brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛。 As timid as a rabbit胆小如鼠 Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、暗喻特点,如: Experience is the mother of wisdom.经验为智慧之母。 He has a heart of stone.他的心像石头一样硬。 My brother studies hard. He is the head of his class.我弟弟学习很用功,他在班上是头一号。The fruit of his efforts. 他辛勤劳动的成果。 He lives in that match-box of a house.他住的房子火柴盒那么点大。 Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处,一般多引用人们熟知的关键

英语中几种常见的修辞格

英语中几种常见的修辞格 对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。为此,本文想就英语中几种常见的修辞格粗略地谈谈自己的看法。 一、比喻(the figures of speech) 比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。1.明喻(the simile) 明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A…to B as C…to D 等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描象的事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如:(1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point.细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。 (2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs.现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如:as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样as clear as crystal清如水晶这 类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快,短小精悍,语言形象,比喻恰切,令人回味无穷,运用得当,可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。2.隐喻(the metaphor) 它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物

英语中的修辞手法

英语中主要的修辞手法 1) Simile:(明喻) 明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as the ocean. 2) Metaphor (暗喻) 隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。For example, the world is a stage. Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 注意:英语中的许多数词习语和俚语,用作隐喻 例如: (1)You are one in a million.你真是人见人爱。 (2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。 3) Personification: (拟人) 这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。 But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly.(可是那些房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。)house本来是没有感情的,作者通过拟人的手法,表现房子里人的冷漠无情。 4) Hyperbole/overstatement : (夸张) 夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰

客观事物,以达到强调的效果。 I'm so hungry that I can eat a horse.(我饿到可以吞下一匹马了) 5) Understatement: (含蓄陈述) 淡化是与夸张相对的一种修辞手法。它是指说话时不把情意全部表达出来或委婉的表达、保守(不充分)的陈述,这种表达方式通常有含蓄、耐人寻味之意。 It took a few dollars to built this indoor swimming pool. 6) Euphemism: (委婉) It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away". 7) Synecdoche (提喻) 提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。 She has got five mouths to feed.此five mouths 指代五口人,本体和喻体是局部与整体的关系; 8) Pun: (双关语) 该修辞格巧妙地利用词的谐音、词的多义或歧义等,在同一句话里同时表达不同的意义,以形成语言生动活泼、幽默诙谐或嘲弄讥讽的修辞效果,使人读来忍俊不禁。比如: He is not a grave man until he is a grave man. 其中的grave有两个含义,一个是“严肃的”(形容词),一个是“坟墓”(名词),因此这句

英语中的修辞格

英语中的修辞格 (一)使用语音手段的修辞格.主要有: 1.头韵(alliteration):在词的开头重复相同的元音或辅音.例如: ①Time and tide wait for no man. ②Suddenly the sky turned gray, The day, Which had been bitter and chill, Grew soft and still. 2.拟声(onomatopoeia):以相似的声音描摹非语言的声音.例如: ①She brou ght me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt-sunlight, the rustling(沙沙声、瑟瑟声) of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking(咯吱声、叽嘎声) of a door, the voice of a loved one. ②You see, life is made up sobs(哭泣声),sniffles(抽鼻子声) and smiles-but mainly of sniffles. (二)使用词汇手段的修辞格.主要有: 1.明喻(simile):用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物,通常用like或as连用.例如: ①It(The hair) fell about her, rippling and shining like a brown waterfall. ②It(The lion) is as big as a very large dog. 2.隐喻(metaphor):不用like或as隐藏的比喻.例如: ①He sa id, "A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life." ②Hope is the poor man's bread. 3.提喻(synecdoche):以部分代替整体,单个代替类别,具体代表抽象,或反 过来,以全体代替部分,类别代替单个,抽象代替具体.例如: ①Once Lu Xun spoke to the youth about the study of foreign language.

英语13种修辞手法

英语13种修辞手法 比喻(Metaphor):通过比较两个不同的事物来进行形象化的描述。 例句:Her laughter was music to my ears.(她的笑声如音乐般动听。) 拟人(Personification):将非人物赋予人类特征和行为。 例句:The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.(花儿在轻风中跳舞。) 暗示(Allusion):通过引用其他文学作品、历史事件或文化象征来传达特定的含义。 例句:He was a real Romeo with the ladies.(他对女士们来说就像真正的罗密欧。) 反问(Rhetorical Question):用问句表达观点或意义,而不需要回答。 例句:Isn't it ironic that the firefighter's house burned down?(消防员的房子烧毁了,这不是讽刺吗?) 平行结构(Parallelism):重复使用相同的语法结构,增强语言的韵律和效果。 例句:He came, he saw, he conquered.(他来了,他看到了,他征服了。) 排比(Anaphora):在连续的句子或短语中重复相同的词或短语,以增强语义和节奏。 例句:I came, I saw, I conquered.(我来了,我看到了,我征服了。) 夸张(Hyperbole):夸大事物的程度或规模,以强调其重要性或产生效果。 例句:I've told you a million times not to do that!(我已经告诉你一百万次不要那样做了!) 比较(Simile):通过使用"like"或"as"等词来比较两个事物,以形象地表达相似之处。 例句:She sings like an angel.(她唱歌如天使一般。) 反复(Repetition):重复使用词语、短语或句子,以增强表达的力度和记忆性。 例句:Never give up, never surrender.(永不放弃,永不投降。) 指称(Metonymy):用一个相关的词来代替所要表达的事物。 例句:The pen is mightier than the sword.(笔比剑更有力。) 排比对比(Antithesis):通过对比两个相反或对立的概念,突出它们的差异和对立性。 例句:It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.(那是最美好的时代,那是最糟糕的时代。) 倒装(Inversion):改变正常的语序,以强调句子中的某个部分。 例句:Into the room came a beautiful woman.(一个美丽的女人走进了房间。) 头韵(Alliteration):重复相邻的词或辅音开头的单词,以增强语言的节奏和韵律。 例句:Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.(彼得派普摘了一斗腌制的辣椒。)

英语常见的修辞格

英语常见的修辞格 Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech. 1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. 2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage. 3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance. 4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees. 5) Hyperbole: (夸张)It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing. 6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述)It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter. 7) Euphemism: (委婉)It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away". 8) Metonymy (转喻)It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 9) Synecdoche (提喻)It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks. 10) Antonomasia (换喻)It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor. 11) Pun: (双关语)It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.) 12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙)It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.) In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.) 13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配)It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)

20种常见英文修辞手法

20种常见英文修辞手法 在写作时,含有修辞手法的句子和一句朴实无华的句子给批卷人的印象是截然不同的。今天小编为大家介绍20中常见的英文修辞手法,任你挑选,喜欢哪种用哪种~ Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比,这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。 标志词常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。 例如: 1. I wandered lonely as a stray dog. 我像一只流浪狗一样孤独地四处漂泊。 2. Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 爱因斯坦喜欢披着斗篷,就好像刚刚从童话故事中走出来。 metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。 例如: 1. Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 希望是顿美好的早餐,但却是一顿糟糕的晚餐。

2. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书需要被“浅尝辄止”地阅读,另一些需要被“狼吞虎咽”般地阅读;很少一部分需要被“细嚼慢咽”地阅读。 metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 1. 以容器代替内容,例如: 1)The kettle boils. 水开了。 2)The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 2. 以资料、工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 3. 以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 4. 以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

英语中六种常见的修辞格方法运用

英语中六种常见的修辞格方法运用 一个具有一定英语水平的人来说,谙熟其修辞方式,不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象,了解修辞运用的规律,从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力,而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。为此,本文想就英语中几种常见的修辞格粗略地谈谈自己的看法。 一、比喻(the figures of speech) 比喻是语言艺术的升华,是最富有诗意的语言形式之一,是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类:明喻、隐喻和转喻。 1.明喻(the simile) 明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出,说明本体事物象喻体事物,用介词like ,连词as,as if,as…so,动词seem等以及句型A …to B as C…to D等等表示“好像”意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。 人们往往有这样的错觉,认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体,而非文学类论著,如科技之类应用文体,为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性,是排斥比喻的。事实上,在英语的科技类的论著中,为了把描象的事物说得具体化、形象化,把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,也经常使用比喻。例如: (1)Bacteria are so small that a single round one of acommon type is about 1/25,000 of an in ch across when thesebacteria are magnified 1,000 times, they look only aslarge as apencil point. 细菌是这样小,一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。 (2)There now exists a kind of glass so sensitive to light that,like photographic film,it wil l record pictures and designs. 现在有一种对光十分敏感的玻璃,它像胶卷一样能记录图像和图案。 英语中除上述的用介词、连词或句型等的明喻表达方式外,还有许许多多常用的明喻习语。例如: as long as it′s broad半斤八两;结果一样 as clear as crystal清如水晶 这类利用双声增强美感的明喻习语简洁明快,短小精悍,语言形象,比喻恰切,令人回味无穷,运用得当,可以达到表达生动、形象的效果。 2.隐喻(the metaphor) 它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方。举一个简单的例子:Argument is war.实际上

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档