Unit 2 Numbers 学习目标全解
Getting ready
1, read a story about numbers. 读一个关于数字的故事。(P17)
Number 此处用作可数名词，意为数字，number 还可以表示“号码”
Eg: We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life.
在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。
What’s your telephone number?
你的电话号码是多少？
【拓展】number还可以用作及物动词，意为“标序号，给…编号”
Please number the pictures. 请给这些图片编上序号。
2，Check some Maths problems. 检查一些数学题。
(1) check 及物动词，意为“检查，核实”。
Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师每天都检查我们的作业。Please check the answers. 请核对答案。
【拓展】check 的相关短语
Check in 登记，检票check out 办清手续后离开，check up 检验
(2) problem 可数名词，意为：问题，难题。
He worked out the Maths problem. 他算出了那道数学难题。
These are the problems of youth. 这些是青少年的问题。
They have some problems (in) getting there on time. 他们准时到达那儿有些困难。
(2) No problem. 没问题
---Can you help me? 你能帮助我吗？
---No problem. 没问题。
Reading:
1, It is 17.8 centimetres long. 它有17.8 厘米长。（p18）
17.8 centimetres long 意为17.8 厘米长。在英语中，表示长宽高面积等通常用基数词+单位名词[ metre(s), foot/feet, centimeter(s)等]+形容词(long, wide, high , The bridge is about 50 metres long. 这座桥约50米长。
They are only 15 centimetres wide. 它们只有15厘米宽。
2，Playing chess. 下国际象棋（P18）
Play chess 是固定短语，意为下国际象棋，chess 前不加任何冠词。
The children are learning to play chess. 孩子们正在学习下国际象棋。
【拓展】play 用作动词时，有以下几种常见用法：
（1）玩耍；此时play 为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语
The boy often plays in the street. 这个男孩经常在街上玩耍。
（2）打，踢球，后面直接接表示球类的名词。
Play basketball 打篮球play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球(3) 演奏乐器。表示西洋乐器的名词前加定冠词the.
Play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴
（4）玩弄，与…玩耍。后接介词with
He often plays with his little sister. 他经常和他的小妹妹玩。
3. The king’s favourite game was chess. 国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。（p19）Favourite 此处用作形容词，以为最喜欢的。Favouritr 通常谓语名词前作定语。What is your favourite movie star? 你最喜欢的电影明星是谁？
White is my favourite colour. 白色是我最喜欢的颜色。
【拓展】favourite 也可以用作名词，意为最喜欢的人或物
This book is my favourite.
4. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game. 有一天，以为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛（p 19）
（1）one day 有一天，某一天。
One day, I met Mr Zhang in the street and he looked sad.
有一天，我在街上遇到了张先生，他看起来很悲伤。
【注意】one day 和some day 都可以表示某一天。但one day 即可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天。而，some day 只表示将来的某一天。
I think my dream will come true one day/some day. 我想我的梦想有一天会实现。One day, the old man was very ill. 有一天，那位老人病得很严重。
（2）challenge 及物动词，意为向某人挑战，challenge …to…表示向某人挑战Do you want to challenge him? 你想向他挑战吗？
My father challenges me to a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛。5. The king promised the old man, “You can hace any prize if you win the game.”
国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，你可以得到任何奖励。”（p19）
(1) promise 此处用作及物动词，表示许诺，承诺。其后可接双宾语或动词不定式作宾语。
She promised me the book. 她许诺给我这本书。
They promised to come to the party on time. 他们答应准时来参加聚会。
【拓展】promise 也可用做名词，make a promise 意为许下诺言，答应，保证。My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me.母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车（2）if 连词，意为如果，引导条件状语从句。If 引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，当条件状语从句位于主句之前时，后面要用逗号与主句隔开。
We’ll go to visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。
If it rains, I won’t go swimming. 如果下雨，我不会去游泳。
【拓展】含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，要遵循主将从现的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或含有情态动词，为祈使句），if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。
6, …I’d like one grain of rice for the first square of the chessboard…，，，（P19）
我想在棋盘的第一个方格要一粒谷粒。
Would like 意为想要，在意思上相当于want，但在语气上比want 委婉，常用于口语
Would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，would like 后接名词，代词，或动词不定式，但不可接动名词。
I would like some apples. 我想要些苹果。
He would like to eat some bananas.他想吃香蕉。
【拓展】
（1）当我们询问或回答某人需要。。。时，可以在would like 后面直接跟名词作宾语。对于would like提出的建议或要求，肯定回答yes, please,否定:no, thanks
---what would he like? 他想要什么？
----He’d like some food. 他想要些食品。
---Would you like some iced tea? 你想要喝冰茶吗？
--- Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的，请来一点儿。/不，谢谢。
（2）回答would you like to do sth?句型时，肯定回答常用yes, I’d love/ like to.”否定回答常用”I’d love to , but…”
-----Would you like to stay here with me? 你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗？
----Yes, I’d love to. 是的，我愿意。
(3) would like sb to do sth 意为想要某人做某事“
7, … and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.
…其余的方格每一格都是（前一方格）两倍的数量。（p 19）
Rest 此处用作名词，意为剩余部分。The rest of 意为…的剩余部分。They’ll eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast.
他们会吃一些面包，剩下的留作早点。
But what about the rest of them？但是他们其余的人怎么办呢？
【拓展】(1) rest 做名词，意为休息。
We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息了一下。
（2）rest 做动词，意为休息，使休息。
The rest for half an hour. 他们休息了半个小时。
8. Wouldn’t you like gold or silver instead? 难道你不想要金子或银子代替？Instead 副词，意为代替，顶替
She is very busy. Let’s go instead. 她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。
I’ll read newspapers instead of seeing a film. 我将看报纸而不是看电影。
9. The king quickly realized the problem. 国王很快意识到了问题。（p19）Realiszed 是动词realise 的过去式，realize及物动词，意为认识到，意识到，常见用法有：
（1）realize + n.
At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。
（2）realize + that 从句
I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。
(3) realize + 疑问词+其他
I don’t think you realize how important this is to her.
我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。
10、… he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! …他仍然没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上！（P19）
Enough 此处用作形容词，意为充足的，足够的。可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。他放在名词的前面或后面都可以。
He doesn’t have enough time/ time enough to finish the work.
他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。
【拓展】enough 作副词时，意为足够地，十分，通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
The boy is strong enough to lift the box. 这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。
11. A young man once talked to a wise old man. （p20）
一位年轻人有一次与一位充满智慧的老人交谈。
Talk to 意为：与。。。交谈
I want to talk to my mother about the bike. 我想和我母亲谈谈有关自行车的事情。My teacher often talks to me and helps me. 我的老师常常和我谈话并且帮助我。【拓展】（1）talk with …意为与…交谈。强调谈话双方无主次之分，互相交流She is talking with a friend. 她正在和一个朋友交谈。
（2）talk about 表示谈论（某人，某事等）
Please talk about the picture. 请谈论一下这幅图画。
12，“I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice,”如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。
（1）how to make more money 是疑问词+动词不定式短语结构，意为如何去赚更多的钱。在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词what/ who/ whom/ which/ where/ when/ how后跟动词不定式，常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。He asked me where to park his car. 他问我该把他的车停在哪里。
Could you please teach me how to make a home page?
你能教我如何制作主页吗？
（2）advice不可数名词，意为建议，表示一条建议，用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议，用some advice.
I will give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.
我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。
【拓展】（1）advice的常用搭配
Give sb some advice/ give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议；
Ask for advice 征求意见，follow/ take sb’s advice 接受某人的建议
（2）advise 动词，意为建议，后接名词，代词或v.-ing形式做宾语，也可用于advise sb (not) to do sth. 结构，意为建议某人（不要做）某事
13. The young man agreed. 年轻人同意了（p20）
Agree此处用作不及物动词，意为同意，表示同意某人，用agree with sb.
Did they agree”? 他们同意吗？
We all agreed with Miss Gao. 我们都同意高老师的看法。
【拓展】agree 也可用作及物动词，意为同意，agree to do sth.意为同意做某事。My parents agreed to take me to the zoo. 我父母同意带我去动物园。
14. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。（p20）Not.. any more 相当于no more, 意为不再，多表示数量上或程度上不再
The girl didn’t cry any more. = The girl no more cried. 那个女孩子不再哭了。
I won’t play computer games any more = I will no more play computer games.
我不会再玩电脑游戏。
【拓展】not..any longer 相当于no longer 意为不再，多表示在时间或距离上不再。
She doesn’t live here any longer. = She no longer lives here. 她不再住在这里了。
15. Where the story took place 故事发生的地点（P 21）
take place 意为发生，不用于被动语态中
This story took place last year. 这个故事是去年发生的。
要点全解
1. Some words have both a strong form and a weak form.（p26）
有些单词既可重读，也可弱读。
Both …and 意为既…又，不但…而且…用于连接并列的句子成分。若both…and…连接主语，其谓语动词须用复数形式。
Both his father and his uncle are very tall. 他的父亲和叔叔都很高。
2. Our Maths teacher uses a lot of games to help us learn. 我们数学老师用很多游戏来帮助我们学习。
Use…to do sth 意为用…做某事，相当于use…for doing sth.
We use knives to cut thing.= We use knives for cutting things.我们用小刀来割东西。
3，He makes the class really interesting. 他使课堂非常有趣。
“make +宾语+形容词”表示使某人/ 某物…”形容词作宾语补足语。
The present made my cousin happy. 那件礼物使我表妹很开心。
Her song made her famous all over the world. 她的歌使她全世界闻名。
【拓展】动词find, keep等之后也常接形容词作宾语补足语。
I found the dog clever. 我发现这条狗很聪明。
Let’s try to keep our classroom clean. 我们尽量保持教室清洁。
4. …this is Joyce speaking…我是乔伊斯（p27）
This is …speaking 是一句电话用语，意为我是。。。，不能用I am…或my name is 句型。在讲英语的国家，打电话有其约定的句型和习惯。
（1）在西方国家，接电话时，拿起话筒后习惯于先报自己的电话号码。
Hello! 7543267
(2) 打电话问某人在不在时，常用：
Hello! May I speak to ….?( 你好！我能和…通话吗？)
Hello! Is..in? (你好！…在家吗？)
（3）问对方是哪一位，不说who are you? 而用who’s that?回答对方或自我介绍时，不说I’m…而用this is …
(4) 如果对方要找的人正是你，说：yes, this is …speaking, (对，我正在接听)
如果对方要找的人不在面前可以说：hold on, please. (请别挂断)
如果对方打错了可以说：sorry, you’ve got the wrong number. (对不起打错了)
5. I don’t think I copied down the Maths problems correctly. （p27）
我认为我没有正确地抄写数学题。
这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。当主句主语为第一人称，think, believe 等动词后的宾语从句为否定含义的句子时，要将否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这种语法现象就是否定转移。翻译成汉语时，要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。
I don’t think that Jenny will come to his party. 我认为珍妮不回去参加他的聚会。
1. However, they could only count small numbers in this way. 然而，用这种方法，他们只能数很小的数。（p29）
2, They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and
the number of animals they had. 他们用这些记号来数像每月的天数，食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量这些东西。（p29）
the number of boys 男孩的数量the number of chairs 椅子的数量3.Then people began to use tokens made from clay or small stones. 后来人们开始使
用泥土或小石头制成的标记。（p 29）
Made此处是动词make 的过去分词。过去分词短语made from clay or small stones 作后置定语，修饰tokens,表示用泥土或小石头制成的标记。过去分词短语作定语时位于被修饰的名词之后，表示被动
I have a wonderful friend named Jack. 我有一位叫杰克的好朋友。
The photo taken by Mr Wang is great. 王先生拍的那张照片很棒。
（山东潍坊中考）The new treatments ________ by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.
A. invent B invents C. inventing D. invented
4. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.
他们经常把这些标记串在细绳上，为的是他们能容易地到处携带让他们。（p29）So that 此处引导目的状语从句，意为：为的是，以便，从句中常有can, could ,may, might,等情态动词，so that 从句可以转换为in order that 从句或in order to do 结构
I worked hard so that I could finish my work on time.
= I worked hard in order to finish my work on time.
【拓展】so that 也可引导结果状语从句，意为结果，因此，该从句前常用逗号与主句分开。
It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home.雨下得很大，结果我不得不待在家。
（安徽中考）You’d better take the map with you ____you won’t get lost.
A. as long as
B. as soon as
C. now that
D. so that
语法专项：
基数词与序数词
【教材典句】
1. There are 35 students in my class ---18 boys and 17 girls.
2. Alan is the second.
3. Is it seventy-two plus twenty-seven?
句1 和句3 中含有基数词，句2中含有序数词。
【语法全解】
英语中的数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词
1，基数词
基数词是表示数目多少的词，其主要用法有：
（1）用于名词前表示数量的多少。
I have three pens.
(2_) 表示时间
It’s eleven o’clock now/
(3)表示年龄
My mother is thirty-eight years old.
(4)表示价格
The bike is two hundred and thirty- five yuan.
【拓展】英语中没有表示万，或千的专有名词，要表示万或千等数字，借助thousand 或million 来表达。读数字时，and 常用于百位数与紧跟的数之间256：two hundred and fifty- six
2. 序数词
是表示顺序先后的词，其主要用法有：
（1）表顺序
January is the first month of the year.
(2)表第几次
This is my second time to visit Nanjing.
(3)表示日期
Today is the fifth of March.
【拓展】（1）序数词主要用作定语，通常在前面加定冠词the. 但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用定冠词the
Mr lin lives on the fifth floor.
Simon is his third child.
(2)如果序数词前出现不定冠词，a 或an 表示再，又
You’ll have to do it a second time.
(4)表示编号时，可用序数词+名词或名词+基数词
Let’s study the fifth lesson.= let’s study lesson five.
(2013广东梅州) Unit _________is easy but _______. Unit is difficult.
A. sixth; seven
B. six; seven
C. sixth, the seventh
D. six. the seventh (2012贵阳) 用所给单词的适当形式填空
---when is mother’s Day?
--It’s on the _______( two) Sunday in May every year.
1). There are ___ days in a year.
A. three hundreds sixty-five
B. three hundreds and sixty-five
C. three hundred and sixty-five
D. three hundred and sixty five
2). There are____ students in this school.
A. eight hundreds and forty-six
B. eight hundred and forty six
C. eight hundred and forty-six
D. eight hundred forty-six
3).______people visit this museum every day.
A. Hundred
B. Hundreds
C. Hundred of
D. Hundreds of
4).There are two___ people in the meeting room.
A. hundred
B. hundreds
C. hundreds of
D. hundred of
5). Every year ___ watch NBA on TV.
A. million people
B. millions of people
C. millions people
D. million of people
6). ____ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.
A. Thousands of
B. Two thousands
C. Thousand of
D. Two thousand of
7). Look! There are ___ in the sky.
A. thousand stars
B. thousand of stars
C. thousands of stars
D. thousands of star
Units 1&2 一．重点、难点归纳 1.过去进行时 （1）构成：was/were+现在分词 He was reading a book at 4:00pm yesterday. （2）时间状语：just then, yesterday afternoon, at nine last night, at this/that time yesterday等。 What were you doing this time yesterday? （3）与频度副词always等连用时，表示过去经常反复的动作，常常有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。 He was always helping others. 2.when 和while when 引导的从句中的谓语动词常是比较短暂的动作，用一般时。 while 引导的从句中的谓语动词常是比较长的动作，用进行时。 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle. It was raining when they left the station. 3.形容词 （1）形容词放在系动词后，或名词前。 （2）常见的系动词： A.be动词（am, is, are, was, were) B.感官动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel .... C.表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词：grow, get, turn, become, fall, go ... D.表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词：continue, keep, remain, stay等。 （3）形容词要放在修饰词someone, somebody, something, nothing等不定代词后。 something important. （4）有些形容词只能作表语（放在系动词后），不能作定语。这些形容词大多以元音字母开头。如：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ill .... He is alone, but quite happy. 二、重点句式 1.It is +adj. + for sb. to do sth. 此句型中，形容词常表示事物的特征特点及客观形势，如：easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 2.“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”做某事怎么样 These books are difficult to read. 3.It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此句型中，形容词表示人物的性格或品德，如：good, nice,clever, silly, right, selfish等。 It is very nice of you to help me. 4.All we have to do is to think of a name of her. 如果主语是从句时，谓语要用单数。 What I said is true.
(此文档为word格式，下载后您可任意编辑修改！) Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, quite a few, most, something, nothing, everyone, of course, myself, yourself 能掌握以下句型： ①—Where did you go on vacation? —I went to the mountains. ②—Where did Tina to on vacation? —She went to the beach. ③—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I did.No, I didn’t. 2) 能了解以下语法： —复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。—yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 3）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流，培养学生的环保意识，热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点： 1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。
2) yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 三、教学过程 Ⅰ. Lead-in 1. 看动画片来进入本课时的主题谈论上周末做了些什么事情，谈论过去发生的事情。 Ⅱ. Presentation 1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Let Ss read the expressions. 2. Focus attention on the picture. Ask: What can you see? Say: Each picture shows something a person did in the past. Name each activity and ask students to repeat: Stayed at the screen. Say: Look at the picture A. Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to mountains. Ask: What did the person do in each picture? 2. Play the recording the first time. 3. Play the recording a second time. Say: There are three conversations. The people talk about what did on vacation. Listen to the recording and write numbers of the names in the right boxes of the picture. 4. Check the answers. IV．Pair work 1. Point out the sample conversation. Ask two Ss to read the conversation to the class. 2. Now work with a partner. Make your own conversation about the people
牛津英语上海版初二英语上册知识点（短语、句型） MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every...用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。 2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing 3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用一般将来时，结构：will + v原\ be going to +v原（没有动词用be ） 4、如有yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时动词加ed give sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物every day每天, write down 写下，记下write it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样each other 互相. thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢 回答That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all.Why don't you+V原...=why not+...V原为什么不 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过） watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似 remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来, new term新学期 this term这学期, next term 下学学期, last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议 why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么 a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议, send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人send for派人去请/取 send up发射. all the time一直 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快 lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多, , spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物 Cost: sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱 pay: sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱 Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间 ask for 请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块 enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面
U n i t 1 1 average 平均的；平均数 The average age of the students is 15. 2 item 一件物品；节目；项目 She had the most expensive item on the menu. 3 product产品[C] a product many products 区别goods, goods生来复数 4 fighter 斗士；战士--注意复数 fight-fought-fought fight against pollution对抗污染 fight for freedom为自由而战 5 fact 事实 in fact事实上；实际eg; She looks young, but in fact she is 54 years old. 6 scientist科学家—注意单复 scien ce科学scien tific科学的 7 be interested in对…感兴趣 be keen on/really like have interest in/show interest in have no interest in… in是介词;介词后面跟doing 8 suppose认为；假设；假定；推断 Eg; I suppose prices will go down. Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.(沼泽) 9 breathe呼吸 Eg; The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe. Most people don’t realize that they are breathing polluted air. breathe in吸入 His illness is the result of breathing in harmful gases over many years. breathe out呼出 Human beings breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. brea th n. out of breath 上气不接下气 take a deep breath深呼吸 10 gas---gases 气体；气态；煤气 11 release---let…out释放 Four prisoners were released 12 produce=make 制造 13 alive活着的；健在的 be alive Lu Xun isn’t alive while Han Han is alive. 区别living; living things生物
Unit1—unit5 课文知识点 Unit1 1. offer to do 2. during the holidays 3.suffer from 4. in need 5. voluntary work 6. ask permission 7.raise one’s spirits 8.in order to 否定形式 9.teach sb. to do 10.help sb. do sth 11.express one’s feelings 12.continue to do 13.have/ has difficulty doing 14.need to do 15. disabled children 16.Could you give me a hand? Unit2 1.body language 2.take place=happen 3.sit up 4.make a good impression on 5. walk over to 6.choose… instead of … 7.more than just 8.look down 9.make people feel welcome 10. go to sb. for help 11. decide to do 12.try doing/to do 13. at once 14.remind sb about/of sth remind +that 从句 Unit3 1 over= more than 2. fit=healthy https://www.doczj.com/doc/e86976985.html,e sth. to do 4.be good at+doing 5.up to 6.set off 7.up and down 8.after dark 9.no more=not…any more 10.all the time 11.get sth/sb. ready for sth 12.stop sb. from doing 13.in/at front of 14.paper cutting Unit4 1.pop out 2.decide on =choose 3.play against 4.weather forecast 5.make it= succeed in doing/ be successful
8B Unit 1 Trees 1. pollute (v.) p ollution (n.) *Pollution has become one of the most serious problems of today’s society. *The factories aren’t allowed to let out dirty water for it may pollute the river. *Trees are thought as pollution fighters. 2. f ight(v. n.)争斗，斗争` fight (against) sb / sth fighter (n.) 斗士 3. scientist (n.)科学家science ( n.)科学 4. collect (v.)收集collection (n.) 收藏品 *He used to collect stamps when he was a young boy. *The dustmen collect the rubbish once a day. *My father usually collects me after school 5. She is interviewing Doctor Ray. interview (v. n) interviewer (n.) interviewee (n.) trainer---trainee. / emplover----employee 6. interest *He is telling a story to the children which interests them a lot. *Tom takes great interest in stamps collection. interested (a.) *be interested in +n./doing sth 7 .live (v.) 生活直播的(a.) a live football match alive (adj.) living (adj.) lively (adj.) life (n..) *When the boy was found at last .he was still alive. *We must leart a living language not adead one.
Chapter 1 Water 1.we can’t live without (没有) /with（有）water He went away without saying goodbye. 2.two litres of water （两升水）/ three cups of coffee four pieces of paper… 3. a little oil （有一点）/ little oil（几乎没有）+ 不可数名词 a few books/ few books + 可数名词 4.too much + 不可数名词（太多）/ much too （太）+形容词 too many + 可数名词（太多） 5.boiling water （正在沸腾的水）& boiled water （开水） relaxing （令人放松的）& relaxed（人）感到放松的 6.cover A with B 用B盖住A / be covered with 被。。。覆盖 7.one third （三分之一）/ two thirds（三分之二） 子基母序，分子超过一，分母加s 8.half of… 。。。的一半(主语看后面名词) 9.flow into / run into 流入。。。 10.the sun rises in the east太阳从东方升起/ raise your hand 举手 11.from A to B 从A到B 12.brush one’s teeth 刷牙 13.leave … on 让。。。处于开着的状态 14.pour into 倒入 15.turn on/ off = switch on/off 打开/ 关掉 turn up 调大/ turn down 调小 16.voice 人的声音/ noise 噪音/ sound 声音 17.look around 环顾四周 18.waste time （in）doing sth / on sth 浪费时间做某事 19.sound angry ---- look/ smell / taste / sound / feel + 形容词（比较级） be / become/ go/ get/ turn/ keep/ make +形容词（比较级） much / even / far / any / a little / a bit/ no/ still + 比较级 20.it’s easy for you to do sth 做。。。对某人是容易的 it’s kind of you you to do sth (of 对人，for 对物) arrive in/at = get to = reach 到达arrive home , get there (here,there,home 是炸弹，需把介词炸掉) 21.clean up 打扫 22.work 工作& works 工厂，著作paper 纸& papers 试卷 23.not …until 不到。。。不，直到。。。才(可满足主将从先) He won’t go home until Tom comes back. until 直到He will wait here until he comes back. 24.at the end of 在。。。的最后/ in the end 最后 by the end of直到。。。的最后 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e86976985.html,e from = be from 来自 26.in the first place / at first / in the beginning 首先 27.remember(not) to do 记得去做某事& remember doing 记得做过某事
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A 1 (1a-2d) 一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标： 1) 能掌握以下单词：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, quite a few, most, something, nothing, everyone, of course, myself, yourself 能掌握以下句型： ①—Where did you go on vacation? —I went to the mountains. ②—Where did Tina to on vacation? —She went to the beach. ③—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 2) 能了解以下语法： —复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 —yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 3）一般过去时态的特殊疑问句，一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标： 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流，培养学生的环保意识，热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点： 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点： 1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 2) yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 三、教学过程 Ⅰ. Lead-in 1. 看动画片来进入本课时的主题谈论上周末做了些什么事情，谈论过去发生的事情。 Ⅱ. Presentation 1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Let Ss read the expressions. 2. Focus attention on the picture. Ask: What can you see? Say: Each picture shows something a person did in the past. Name each activity and ask students to repeat: Stayed at home, Went to mountains, went to New York City 6. Went to the beach, visited my uncle, visited museums, went to summer camp 3. Now, please match each phrase with one of the pictures next to the name of the activity，point to the sample answer. 4. Check the answers. Answers: 1. f 2. b 3. g 4. e 5. c 6. a 7. d III. Listening 1. Point to the picture on the screen. Say: Look at the picture A. Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to mountains. Ask: What did the person do in each picture? 2. Play the recording the first time. 3. Play the recording a second time. Say: There are three conversations. The people talk about what did on vacation. Listen to the recording and write numbers of the names in the right boxes of the picture. 4. Check the answers. IV．Pair work 1. Point out the sample conversation. Ask two Ss to read the conversation to the class.
金桥教育Chapter 1 Water 1.we can’t live without (没有) /with（有）water He went away without saying goodbye. 2.two litres of water （两升水）/ three cups of coffee four pieces of paper… 3. a little oil （有一点）/ little oil（几乎没有）+ 不可数名词 a few books/ few books + 可数名词 4.too much + 不可数名词（太多）/ much too （太）+形容词 too many + 可数名词（太多） 5.boiling water （正在沸腾的水）& boiled water （开水） relaxing （令人放松的）& relaxed（人）感到放松的 6.cover A with B 用B盖住A / be covered with 被。。。覆盖 7.one third （三分之一）/ two thirds（三分之二） 子基母序，分子超过一，分母加s 8.half of… 。。。的一半(主语看后面名词) 9.flow into / run into 流入。。。 10.the sun rises in the east太阳从东方升起/ raise your hand 举手 11.from A to B 从A到B 12.brush one’s teeth 刷牙 13.leave … on 让。。。处于开着的状态 14.pour into 倒入 15.turn on/ off = switch on/off 打开/ 关掉 turn up 调大/ turn down 调小 16.voice 人的声音/ noise 噪音/ sound 声音 17.look around 环顾四周 18.waste time （in）doing sth / on sth 浪费时间做某事 19.sound angry ---- look/ smell / taste / sound / feel + 形容词（比较级） be / become/ go/ get/ turn/ keep/ make +形容词（比较级） much / even / far / any / a little / a bit/ no/ still + 比较级 20.it’s easy for you to do sth 做。。。对某人是容易的 it’s kind of you you to do sth (of 对人，for 对物) arrive in/at = get to = reach 到达arrive home , get there (here,there,home 是炸弹，需把介词炸掉) 21.clean up 打扫 22.work 工作& works 工厂，著作paper 纸& papers 试卷 23.not …until 不到。。。不，直到。。。才(可满足主将从先) He won’t go home until Tom comes back. until 直到He will wait here until he comes back. 24.at the end of 在。。。的最后/ in the end 最后 by the end of直到。。。的最后 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e86976985.html,e from = be from 来自 26.in the first place / at first / in the beginning 首先
人教版八年级上册英语知识点 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?（谈论假期生活，一般过去时） Unit 2 How often do you exercise?（谈论生活习惯，一般现在时） Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister（谈论事物对比，形容词比较级） Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?（谈论事物比较，形容词最高级） Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?（谈论内心想法，一般现在时） Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.(谈谈生活的目标，一般将来时) Unit7 Will people have robots?(对将来生活的预言，一般将来时) Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?(描述进程，祈使句) Unit9 Can you come to my party?(学习邀请，作出、接受和拒绝邀请，学习表请求的句子) Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.(作出决定，学习if的条件状语从句) ①复习一般过去时 ②复合不定代词的用法 ③反身代词的用法 ④系动词的用法 ⑤动词后的to do和doing 的区别 ⑥ed形容词和ing形容词的区别 ⑦“近义词”的区别 ⑧本单元中的主谓一致现象 ⑨动词过去式的构成及不规则动词表 ⑩用同义短语转换同义句时谓语动词形式一致性的培养。 ⑾感叹句的结构和连词的选择。 Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 单词 anyone ['eniw?n] pron.任何人 anywhere ['eniwe?(r)] adv.任何地方n.任何(一个)地方 wonderful ['w?nd?fl] adj.精彩的；极好的 few [fju?] adj.很少的；n.少量 most [m??st] adj.最多的；大多数的； something ['s?mθ??] pron.某事物； nothing (=not…anything) ['n?θ??] pron.没有什么n.没有 myself [ma?'self] pron.我自己 everyone ['evriw?n] pron.每人；人人 yourself [j??'self] pron.你自己；你亲自 hen [hen] n.母鸡；雌禽 bored [b??d] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的 pig n.猪 diary ['da??ri] n.日记；日记簿(keep a diary) seem [si?m] vi.似乎；好像
初二（下） 课文（翻译） （1—4）Unit 1 课文（翻译）
志愿工作 Voluntary['v?l?nt(?)r?]志愿的 work 三个青少年提出去做一些志愿工作，在学校假期期间。他们写了以下的报告。 Three teenagers['ti?ne?d??]青少年offered ['?f?]提出；提供to do some voluntary work during在...期间 the school holidays假期. They wrote the following ['f?l????]以下的 reports[r?'p??t]报告. 我在儿童医院做了些志愿工作。那里的儿童都遭受严重的疾病。我们为他们组织了一个绘画比赛。 I did some voluntary work in a children’s hospital. The children there 那里all suffer from['s?f?]遭受serious严重的；严肃的illnesses['?ln?s]疾病. We organized ['?rɡ?na?z]组织 a painting绘画 competition [k?mp?'t??(?)n]比赛for them. 我遇见一个叫做辛迪的女孩。她想要画一副她家附近公园的画。我去那里并拍些照片。辛迪用它们绘画。 I met a girl called Cindy. She wanted to paint [pe?nt] 画a picture of the park near her home. I went there and took some photos 拍照of it. Cindy used them for her painting. Betty 有很多孩子没有父母。我和我妈妈遇见过一些这样的孩子，我们教他们讲故事。这帮助他们表达他们的情感。一个孩子说，“我的朋友不理解我的痛苦”。 There are many children without没有parents父母. I met some of these children with my mother. We taught教 them to tell stories讲故事. This helps them express [?k'spres; ek-]表达 their feelings情感；情绪. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain [pe?n]痛苦.” 我和一个叫Vivien 的女孩一起度过些时光。她的父母死于一次车祸，她心情不好并非常孤独。她需要友谊。我妈妈和我将继续去看望Vivien. We spent 花费time with a girl called Vivien. Her parents died in a car accident ['?ks?d?nt]事故, and she is unhappy不开心 and very lonely ['l??nl?]孤独的. She needs
牛津英语八年级8AUnit 2语法讲解 本单元的语法现象主要有二： 一、两者进行比较的方式： ◆more/ fewer/ less…than，这种句型中的more, fewer, less用语比较数量，后面加上名词。 more是many或much的比较级，表示“更多的……”，后面既可接可数名词的复数形式，也可接不可数名词。如： I have more spare time than you. 我的空余时间比你多。 Who picked more apples on the farm yesterday, Jim or Jane? 昨天在农场谁摘的苹果更多，是Jack还是Jane？ less是little的比较级。是“更少”的意思，后面只能接不可数名词。如： He spends less money on clothes than I. 他在衣服上花的钱比我少。 fewer是few的比较级，意为“更少”，后面必须接可数名词的复数形式。如： I got fewer points in the exam than you. 在考试中我得的分数比你的更少。 ◆两者比较还有两外一种方式：即相似“the same as”和不同“be different from”。如： His school is quite different from ours. =His school is not the same as ours. 他的学校与我们的不一样。 ◆如果对三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，则用“the +most+可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词”、“the fewest+可数名词的复数形式”句型和“the least+不可数名词”。如： Who has the fewest friends of the three? 三个人中谁的朋友最少？ 【拓展延伸】 在英语中，遇到两个人或两件事物进行比较的情况时， ◆要在同一范围内进行比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外。如： Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 上海要比中国的任何城市都大。 ◆要注意只有同一类事物才能做比较。如： My classroom is bigger than yours. 我的教室比你们的（教室）大。 ◆形容词比较级前一般不用定冠词the，但是句中若有“of the two”这样的结构，即表示两者中“较……的一个”时，要加表示特指的定冠词the。如： She is the more careful of the two. 她是两人中较为仔细的一个。
8B 1 n. 意为“过去” 过去（过去时）在过去的几年中n. 现在，目前目前n.礼物 未来；将来 ＆ 1、一个小时之前在碗里的一小时前在碗里 2. I' .我刚才把它吃了。() . 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。他们刚刚到达。 . 注意：意为“刚才”，相当于“a ”通常与一般过去时连用。 我刚才去了图书馆。I . 3. ! 你过去常与我分享食物！ ● . 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人 称和数的变化， 暗含现在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。 2 . 2) 过去常常早起，不是吗？, 't 't ? ● .习惯于做某事 . ●被用来做…… A .笔是用来写的。 ● . .和….分享… 4. . 你过去对我那么好。 . 对…友好 5. = a 骑自行车去学校 6. a . 等下一辆公共汽车要花费很长时间。 等下一辆车 7. a 乘公交车去学校 8. 对阳光镇很了解… 非常了解… 9. I 自我出生以来出生引导原因状语从句，不可与连用。 10. 搬家 11. 住在城镇的北部 南方→南部的东部→东部的→ → 在……北面（范围之外）在……北部（范围之内） 在……北边（接壤） .我们学校在时代超市北面。 .北京在中国北部。 .山东位于江苏北面。 12. I 1965, I ’ . ?结婚 . 和某人结婚 . .把某人嫁给某人 ?搬到两个街区以外从那以后 13. a 改变许多 14. 在这些年期间(现在完成时) 15. 在镇中心 16. …… 把…变成… ①.热使水变成蒸气。② . 打开关调高调低转身 轮流地依次上交’s ’s . 17. a 一家钢铁厂 水污染空气污染噪音污染 18. 把废料扔进河收好穿上推迟/延期 19. 意识到问题 19. 采取行动改善情况20. 干净得多 21. 在某种程度上以这种方式( )在……的路上 顺便说下没门无论如何
人教版八年级上册新目标英语教材分析 首先，我简要的谈一下教材的结构和内容：上册共10个单元，每个单元又分为三部分：Section A, Section B, Self-check。并且各有侧重点。 其中Section A 包括单元的重点词汇，用语法聚焦框来呈现语法例句，总结本单元的语法点， 任务型的听力练习，用结伴对话来进行互动活动，学生在互相合作中使用目标语言来完成本部分的学习。Section B在循环section A 所呈现的语言的同时引出新的词汇；以活动帮助学生整合新的目标语言和前面学过的语言。主要包含词汇拓展，新旧语言知识综合运用，阅读，同步写作练习等。Self-check复习所有重点词汇以及新学的语法项目；以图片方式进一步应用了本课的目标语言。这部分主要包括词汇知识的评价，语言应用知识。本册语法知识比较多，主要包括对一般现在时的巩固复习，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，现在进行时表示将来，一般将来时，一般过去时，以及情态动词的用法。学生对这些语法现象和语法知识有了一个系统的了解和掌握，基本做到了学以致用。新教材的一个最大的特色是采用了“以学生为中心”的教学理念，每个单元的教材设计都采用任务型语言教学模式，融会话题，交际功能和语言结构，形成了一套循序渐进的生活化的学习程序。 其次，新教材在生活化的基础上，进一步强化自主学习。倡导活动性语言输入，在活动中训练英语听，说，读，写四大技能。并强调
课堂上师生互动。新教材强调教师要改变过去课堂上老师主讲，学生被动学习的方式。教师课堂上主要是组织引导学生通过听、说、读、写、唱、游、演、画、做等形式让学生讲英语、用英语、用英语思考，用英语交流，用英语来获取信息和传递信息。学生学习中碰到问题，老师应引导学生自己讨论、分析、辨别、而不是老师直接给答案，以达到真正把学生能力培养出来的目的。 再次，新教材能够很好的培养学生的正确的、与时俱进的情感态度价值观，所选的教材话题都能很好的体现新时代青少年的精神风貌。既贴近学生生活，也很实用。体现了国培专题一学习的“用英语做事”的精神。 总之，此教材注重培养学生的生活交际能力，和阅读写作能力。为英语提供了广阔的学习空间；营造了轻松愉悦的学习氛围；培养了学生的想象思维和发散思维。 当然，也存在美中不足之处。 首先，课文例文与交际话题主要侧重于城市学生生活，与农村学生的活动空间和生活经验距离很大。像“搭乘地铁、水果沙拉、滑翔伞运动”等这样的话题，对我们农村地区的孩子来说就太过陌生，这样就在语言教授的基础上增添了理解的难度。 其次，教材容量扩大，阅读量大，要求提高，在某种程度上超过了农村中学生的接受能力。知识点分散，缺乏系统性。新课标强调学习语言知识的目的是为了更好地运用语言进行交际活动，淡化了学生对语法等知识点的掌握。这样就使得练习题里边出现的本来很重要的