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英语学习中的基本句型结构和句子成分

英语学习中的基本句型结构和句子成分
英语学习中的基本句型结构和句子成分

英语基本句型结构与句子成分

一、英语的基本句型结构

(一)、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语动词)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如:

1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。

2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。

3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

(二)、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类:

(1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, remain, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep, feel等。如:

1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如:

1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.

春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

2) The tree has grown much taller than before.

这棵树比以前长得高多了。

(三)、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语动词) +Object (宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例:

1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。

2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)

当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。

3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)

她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

※只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, expect, intend, demand, plan, decide, determine, promise, agree, refuse, prepare, manage, set out等。

※只能跟动名词作宾语的动词:suggest, mind, enjoy, practice, finish, prevent, imagine, consider, look forward to, get used to, give up, can’t help等。

(四)、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语动词)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)

这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如:

1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.

她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。

上述句子还可以表达为:

1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.

2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.

(五)、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (谓语动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:

1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)

2) We made him our monitor.(名词) 我们选他当班长。

3) His father told him not to play in the street. (不定式) 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

●常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。

●注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:

1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

(六)、句型6:There be + 主语+ 其它

这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是,当句中有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:

1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.有两个女孩和一个男孩正在操场上跑。

2)There is a cat behind the tree. 树后面有一只猫。

二、英语的句子成分

在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词、词组、短语或句子充当。

汉语:现代汉语里一般的句子成分有八种,即主语、谓语、宾语、动语,定语、状语,补语和中心语。

英语:主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、宾语补足语(complement)和同位语(appositive)八种。

(一)、主语(The Subject):是全句谈论的中心话题。

1. Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.

2. He works very hard at school.

3. To go to a good university is his first goal.

4. Doing morning exercise is good for your health.

5.What she saw made her a little frightened.

?动词不能用原形充当句子的主语!!!! -ed分语也不能作主语。

(二)、谓语(The Predicate)

?谓语回答主语做什么,怎么了,位于主语后,谓语动词包括不及物动词、及物动词和系动词。

?谓语必须由动词构成,有时只包含一个动词,有时候可包含几个词(如情态动词+动词,助动词+动词),并且有时态和语态的变化。

1. We love China.

2. She runs fast.

3. He can speak English.

4. She looks tired.

5.We have finished reading this book.

6.The game has been cancelled.

切记:?句子不能没有谓语!!!谓语必须由动词或动词短语构成,并要注意时态和语态变化!!

(三)、宾语(The Object)

宾语是动作的对象、目标;位于及物动词之后。

1. She is doing her homework now.

2. We love watching football games.

3.We managed to put the fire out.

4.I don't understand what you mean.

注:-ed分语不能作宾语。

有的动语后带有双宾语:直接宾语通常为人,间接宾语通常为物。

He brings me cookies every day.

She bought him a new tie.

(四)、宾语补足语

?有的动语后带有复合宾语:由宾语+宾语补足语构成。

?宾语和宾语补足语之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。

The sun keeps us warm. (adi)

I heard him singing. (-ing)

I asked him to come back soon. (to do)

You must get your hair cut. (-ed)

They made Tom monitor. (n)

(五)、表语(The Predicative)

?表语主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等,位于系动词之后,与系动词一起构成系表结构。

系动词(Link-verbs)有:

1.表示特征和存在状态的: be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

2.表示状态延续的: remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;

3.表示状态变化的: become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;

The boy is Tom.

The dish smells good. Is Helen in?

The workers were on strike.

My aunt’s hobby is growing roses.

Your job is to take care of the baby.

My opinion is that the plan won’t work.

?表语不能由动词原形充当!!!!

My job is repair cars. (×)

My job is repairing cars. (√)

(六)、定语(The Attribute)

?定语用来修饰限定名词,分为前置定语和后置定语。

1. The black bike is mine.

2. She is a chemistry teacher.

3. Help yourself to some fish.

4. There are twenty students in our class.

5. The man in blue is my brother.

6. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.

7. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.

注:定语有时包含在其它句子成分里。

(七)、状语(The Adverbial)

?状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的句子成分,表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、范围和程度等。副词的主要功能就是在句中做状语。

1. We often help him.

2. Don't drive so fast.

3. You're entirely wrong.

4. He behaved extremely badly.

5. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.

6. When I grow up, I want to be a doctor.

7. We live in Hangzhou.

(八)、同位语

同位语:把一个名语放在另一个名词或代词的后面,并且指同一人或物。

Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.

He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.

此外,还有插入语和呼语。

Some animals only half-hibernate, that is to say, their sleep is not such a deep one.

Sit down, Mary!

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如: We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如: I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名

词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如: Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如: He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如: My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语+不及物动词She came.. ?主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. ?主语+系动词+主语补语 ?She is happy. ?主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me. ?主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry. ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?(There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

五种基本句型及句子成分分析

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础,是分析千千万万个句子的基础,因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是:看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种;能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么,能够快速分割,快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢? 先理解理论(怎么去做的方法)后多实践做练习,实践是最重要的,能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如:哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆,这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握,不做练习,只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握,有助于英语句子成分的学习,因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1,主(语)+系(动词)+表(语) 首先我们来认识主语,主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看,主语一般在句子开头,也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”:从意义上理解,主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”,后面的一切都是针对主语来说的,那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢,一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称,顾名思义,它是起到联系作用的动词,是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的,常见的只有十来个,我们把它们分成四组,这样有助于我们记忆系动词: 一、be动词类:am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类:become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼(look )耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词:remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征:一从位置上来讲,它总是在系动词后面(系动词和表语关系甚为紧密,没有系动词,就没有表语:没有表语,就没有系动词,正所谓“皮之不存,毛将焉附”)。二从意义上讲,表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍,其中,系动词是主系表结构的核心,它是这个结构的标志,看到了系动词,也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表,因此,记住系动词非常重要。 2,主(语)+谓(语) 谓语,谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况;表示状态的就用主语+连系动词+表语句型来表示。一般情况下,谓语位于主语之后,从意义上理解,往往具有动作意味(谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况;表示状态的就用主语+连系动词+表语句型来表)是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类:动词,也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”,所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”,但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分,一个句子可以缺少主语,但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型,在这里我需要补充说明两点:

句子成分及基本句型

实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 (一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如: (1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语) (2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语) (3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语) (4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语) (5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语) (二)谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如:His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语) We study hard. (行为动词作谓语) We don’t finish reading the book(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语) She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语) We often help him.(代词作宾语) He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语) We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语) 说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词

初中句子成分和基本句型完整版

初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分? 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、{补语(complement)、同位语(apposite)} 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用. 它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当. Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当. Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.

英语句子成分和句型结构

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) ★(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,

句子成分及句型

A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D (三) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D ② What is your given name? A B C D (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D ② He asks her to take the boy out of school. A B C D (五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There is a big smile on her face. A B C D ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D (六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语() ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. 拓展模块 看图填词中运用到的句子成分 不同的句子成分用不同的词来充当。 下面我们运用句子成分完成下面的看图填词题。 看图短文填空。 阅读下面短文,并借助上下文和插图补充所缺信息。每个孔只能填写一个意义相符、形式正确的单词。 。 Li Ming is a middle school student. His 15th birthday is coming on__46__3nl.One day, Li Ming walked past the shoe shop at the street corner. Once again, he stopped to look at the shop__47__.He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted very much were still there. He really wanted to have__48__for his birthday. Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself. He sadly walked away and thought__49__to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him__50__he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money for that ¥1299-Nike Shoes,He__51__not to go home at once, as he didn’t want to upset his mother. So he went to the park and

句子的成分和基本句型

句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分: 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词 ..充当。例如: We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如: I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。例如: Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如: He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如: My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如: This is a green cup.(形容词)这是一个绿色的杯子。

句子成分和基本句型

句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子? 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.?! I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) 1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首. The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语: 谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成. They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语: 表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面. I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后. She plays the piano. He often helps me.

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ssister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分: 1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2.I have a lot to say on this matter. 3.Please give me some advice. 4.She is quite all right now. 5. A lonely person is always alone. 6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

★英语句子成分与五种基本句型

句子成分与五种基本句型 Sentence Constituents and the Five Basic Sentence Patterns ?句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 汉语里一般的句子成分有六种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七(或八)种:主语(subject),谓语(predicate),表语(predicative),宾语(object),定语(attribute),状语(adverbial),补语(complement),[同位语(appositive)]。 七(或八)种句子基本成分: I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主谓定宾(宾)补状 The boy Li Ming is good. 主[同位] 表 ?五种基本句型: 1.主+谓; 2.主+系+表; 3.主+谓+宾; 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾; 5.主+谓+宾+宾补 什么是主语? 主语是一个句子的主体,是全句要说明的中心部分。一般放于句首。如: Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe. 什么可以作主语? Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. (名词) I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? (代词) Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. (数词) To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. (动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词) The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. (名词化的形容词) What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. (主语从句及复合结构) 什么是谓语? 谓语说明主语做了什么,是什么,怎么样;说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当,并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致,一般放在主语之后。如: We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well. 什么可以作谓语? We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. (及物动词vt) My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. (不及物动词vi) She seems tired. (系动词link-v) 谓语有哪些表现形式? 掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化: 1) 人称和数的变化(主谓一致)。如: I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化。如: I usually get up at six. I am getting up now. I got up at five yesterday. I will get up at seven tomorrow. I have already got up. I was getting up when he came in. I had got up when he came to my house. 3) 语态变化。如:

句子成分与五种基本句型

句子成分与五种基本句型班级:姓名: 一、句子成分 一)主语:是句子要说明的人或物,是句子的主体,一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. () 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. () 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. () 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. () 二)谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语: 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三)表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四)宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五)定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. () 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六)状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七)宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。

初中英语句子成分和五种基本结构

句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分: 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in Middle School.(讲述“谁”~) The classroom is very clean. (讲述“什么”很干净) Three were absent.(数词作主语) To teach them English is my job. (不定式作主语) 注意 不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. (真正的主语是to teach them English.) 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His Parents are doctors. (系动词作谓语) She looks well.(系动词作谓语) We study hard.(实义动词作谓语) He can speak English. (情态动词和实义动词作谓语) 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.(形容词作表语) I am a teacher.(名词作表语) Everybody is here.(副词作表语) They are at home now.(介词短语作表语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式作表语) 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.

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