一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：
（一）句子成分
1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
找出下列句中的主语：
Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词）She went out in a hurry.（代词）
Four plus four is eight.（数词）To see is to believe.（不定式）
Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）
What he has said is true. （句子）
2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）：
1. We love China.
2. We have finished reading this book.
3. He can speak English.
4. She seems tired.
3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起来）,
taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） ...
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
找出下列句中的表语。
1. I am a teacher.
2. They are on the playground.
3. My job is teaching English.
4. It gets cold.
5. It sounds interesting.
4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----及物动词或介词的宾语
I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：
please pass me the book.
He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
找出下列句子的宾语部分：
1. We often help him.
2. He likes to play basketball.
3. We enjoy listening to the music.
4. She said that he felt sick.
5. They are talking about the new student.
5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：
We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very
much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.
（二）句子结构简单句的五个基本句型
1.主语＋不及物动词She came．/ My head aches.
2.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.
3.主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．
4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book.
5.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
★There +be 句型
There are some books on the desk.
There lies a book on the desk.
Exercises ：
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me
a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
翻译练习：
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1、你应该努力学习You should study hard.
2、他昨天晚上很晚回家She went home very late yesterday evening.
练习：
1、This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤。
2、I lived in Beijing five years ago. 五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1、我昨晚写了一封信I wrote a letter last night.
2、我今天下午想和你谈谈I want to talk with you this afternoon.
练习：
1、All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
2、He did not know what to say. 他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1.我的弟弟都是大学生My brothers are all college students.
2.在冬天，白天很短夜晚很长In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3. 布朗女士看上去很健康Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4.在他15岁那年他成为了著名的画家At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
练习：
1、树叶已经变黄了。The leaves have turned yellow.
2、这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1.强森先生去年叫我们德语Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
练习：
1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Will you please get me a new copy?
2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?
复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1.我们叫她爱丽丝We call her Alice.
2.他父母叫他约翰His parents named him John.
练习：
1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。
The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。I thought it no use talking with that man There be 句型
1.今晚不会开会There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2.这个村庄里只有一口井There was only a well in the village.
练习：
1、铃响了。There goes the bell
2、一周有七天。There are seven days a week
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） Tvventy years is a short time in history.（数词） To see is to believe ? （不定式） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主 语） 谓语（predicate ）:说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.（代词） Five and five is ten.（数词） He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语） My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.（不；卫式） The question is v/hether they vnll come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有： be, sound （听起来），look （看起来），feel （摸起来，smell （闻起来）,taste （尝、吃起来）， remain （保持，仍是）,feel （感觉）??? 宾语: 1） 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you need? We need two ?（数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动需词） I hope to see you again.（不立式） Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?（宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3） 双宾语…-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.（名） We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（副词） We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. （代词） （动名词） （主语从 He is a teacher. （名词） It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.
英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：S V（主＋谓） 二：S V P（主＋系＋表） 三：S V O（主＋谓＋宾） 四：S V O O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：S V O C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型：S V （主+谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物） (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （） He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（） What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词 组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） 常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
目标满分班名师培优精讲 第1 讲 【教学标题】 英语句子成分 【教学目标】 让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题，使学生能够更好的理解句子结构 【教学重点】 1.句子成分的划分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各个成分相应的词性 【教学难点】 1.句子的主要成分 2.状语的识别 3.定语的识别 4.宾语补足语 【教学内容】 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 A.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.
例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.（代词） They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）B.谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语，不能作谓语。 一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 （1）、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ①We often speak English in class. ①One-third of the students in this class are girls. ①To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ①Smoking does harm to the health. ①The rich should help the poor. ①When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ①It is necessary to master a foreign language. ①That he isn’t at home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） Three were absent.（数词作主语） To teach them English is my job. （不定式作主语） 注意 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.） 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语） She looks well.（系动词作谓语） We study hard.（实义动词作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语） 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.（形容词作表语） I am a teacher.（名词作表语） Everybody is here.（副词作表语） They are at home now.（介词短语作表语） My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语） 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.（名词作宾语） He often helps me.（代词作宾语）
英语句子成分和句子结 构分析 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1 认识语法 一、英语语法分为两大部分 词法（微观遣词）；句法（宏观造句） 01词法（微观遣词） 1.实词：有实际意义的词。 名词n.：表事物名称 动词vi./vt.：行为，动态。 vi.不及物动词，本身可以表达完整意义，后面不需要带宾语 vt.及物动词，本身无法表达完整意义，后面必须带宾语 形容词adj.：修饰n. 副词adv.：修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子 代词Pron.：代替n. 数词num.：表数量（基数词），表顺序（序数词） 2.虚词：没有实际意义的词。 介词prep.：说明词与词之间的关系 连词conj.：说明句子与句子之间的关系 冠词art.：在n.前，限定n. 感叹词int.：表达感叹 02句法（宏观造句） 1.句子的成分 2.句子结构 3.句子的变化 4.句子的功能 5.句子的类型：简单句，并列句，复合句 6.复合句：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 二、语法四大原则 1.词性决定词用 2.同类同用 同种类型的词，用法相同，越细分，越一致 3.动词即句魂 句子里最重要的是谓语，谓语部分最重要的就是动词 4.举一反三 由表及里，发掘句子结构，归属；认识句子本质，由点及面，放大到句群。语法精讲2 句子的成分 主体：主语，谓语，宾语，表语
次体：定语，状语，补语，同位语 主语：一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象。常由名词，代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任，一般放在句首。 The sun(名词n.) rises in the east. W e(代词pron.) are friends T wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history. S eeing（动名词） is believing T o be a teacher(不定式)is my dream W hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句 I t（形式主语）is time to go home（真正的主语）形式主语是为保持 句子平衡 谓语：表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English！ I can（情态动词）do it! I don’t（助动词）know! H e is（系动词）asleep. 宾语：表示谓语行为的对象，常由名词，代词或相当于名词的词担任，一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。 I play with him(代词) I like china（名词） H ow many do you need——we need two（数词） I enjoy working with you（动名词） I hope to see you again（不定式） D id you write downwhat he said（句子） U nder the snow（介宾短语）,there are many rocks. H e gave me（间接宾语）a book（直接宾语） yesterday 表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态，一般由名词或者形容词担任。凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方，后面必定带着表语 He is a teacher(名词) Seventy-four !you don’t look it（代词） F ive and five is ten（数词） H e is asleep（形容词） T his picture is on the wall（介词短语） M y watch is missing/lost （形容词化的分词） T o wear a flower is to say“ I’m poor ,I can’t buy a ring”(不定式) T he question is whether they will come（句子） 语法精讲3 定语：用来修饰或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任，形容词放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 H e is a clever boy T his is an apple tree
英语句子成分及简单句型结构 一、介绍与其重要性 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种。 定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 二、英语句子成分分析解读 找出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. He likes dancing. What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。 及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。如： He reached Paris . 不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。 如: Look! She is singing. Look at me carefully! 类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed... 易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词： 误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题 误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事 误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门 误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术 误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖） 误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句 是真正主语） 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻 起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
句子成分与五种基本句型 Sentence Constituents and the Five Basic Sentence Patterns ?句子成分 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。 汉语里一般的句子成分有六种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有七（或八）种：主语（subject），谓语（predicate），表语（predicative），宾语（object），定语（attribute），状语（adverbial），补语（complement），[同位语（appositive）]。 七（或八）种句子基本成分： I saw a tall boy take your book just now. 主谓定宾（宾）补状 The boy Li Ming is good. 主[同位] 表 ?五种基本句型： 1.主+谓； 2.主+系+表； 3.主+谓+宾； 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾； 5.主+谓+宾+宾补 什么是主语？ 主语是一个句子的主体，是全句要说明的中心部分。一般放于句首。如： Students study. They are good friends. To see is to believe. 什么可以作主语？ Shanghai is in the east of China. Tom works very hard. （名词） I bought a new book. That is a picture of our school. Who knows the answer? （代词） Three plus four is seven. The first is the best. （数词） To see is to believe. It is important to learn English. （动词不定式） Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词） The old should be respected. The disabled will receive more money. （名词化的形容词） What he said is not true. How to finish the work is a problem. （主语从句及复合结构） 什么是谓语？ 谓语说明主语做了什么，是什么，怎么样；说明主语的动作、状态和特征。通常由动词的各种形式来充当，并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致，一般放在主语之后。如： We study English. The little girl dances well. He laughed at his classmates. She looks well. 什么可以作谓语？ We love China. We have finished reading this book. He can speak English. （及物动词vt） My mother usually gets up early. The boy often plays in his yard. （不及物动词vi） She seems tired. （系动词link-v） 谓语有哪些表现形式？ 掌握谓语应注意它的几种变化： 1) 人称和数的变化（主谓一致）。如： I work in a big company. He works in a big company. 2) 时态变化。如： I usually get up at six. I am getting up now. I got up at five yesterday. I will get up at seven tomorrow. I have already got up. I was getting up when he came in. I had got up when he came to my house. 3) 语态变化。如：