TheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Part1TheCountryandTheAmericanIdentity
Common-senseKnowledge
1、全称：TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(美利坚合众国)
2、简称：theUnitedStates;.;America.
3、NationalAnthem：《星条旗永不落》"TheStar-SpangledBanner（同时可以叫做国旗）"1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。
4、NationalFlower：Rose
5、Jetlag:About16hours(westofAmerica),and13hours(eastofAmerica).（了解）
6、TheCapital:.
为纪念美国国父乔治-华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布Christophe而定名
7、绰号：山姆大叔（UncleSam）
Location
1、Canadaonthenorth；MexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouth；
AtlanticOceanontheeast；PacificOceanonthewest.
2、Thelargestcountryintheworld：Russia，Canada，China，America，brazil，Australia.
3、50statesintotal
Alaska—thelargest；RhodeIsland(罗德岛州)—thesmallest；Texas（德克萨斯州）—thelargestonthemainland
4、着名城市Boston是Massachusetts马萨诸塞州的首府
5、两边两座山，中间一条河。
Theeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亚山脉).
Thewesternpart—RockyMountains（落基山）—thegreatbackboneofNorthAmerica
6、TheGreatLakes
（1）LakeMichigan密歇根湖—whollywithintheUnitedStates唯一全在美国境内
（2）LakeErie伊利湖和LakeOntario安大略湖间有NiagaraFalls尼亚加拉大瀑布
（3）LakeSuperior苏必利尔湖—世界上最大的淡水湖
（4）无特色的LakeHuron休伦湖
Climate
1、MainlytemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzoneswithonlythesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropic al.大部分是温带大陆性气候。
2、TheNortheast东北部着名城市有：
（1）Boston波士顿
（2）NewYork纽约：
①Situatedonthreeislands—ManhattanIsland（曼哈顿岛）,LongIsland（纽约长岛）andStatenIsland（斯塔顿岛）atthemouthofHudsonRiver（哈德逊河）.
②Fiveboroughs—Manhattan（曼哈顿）,Brooklyn（布鲁克林）,Bronx（布朗克斯）,Richmond（里士满）andQueens（纽约皇后区）.
③theheadquarteroftheUnitedNations（联合国总部）
④Thestatueofliberty自由女神像Theformalnameis"LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld".
3、TheSouth南部着名城市有：
NewOrleans(新奥尔良)；Miami（迈阿密）；Atlanta（亚特兰大）
4、TheMidwest—thebirthplaceoftheRepublicanParty共和党的诞生地中部着名城市有：
（1）Chicago—thewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork（NewYork最多）
5、TheWest西部着名城市有：
（1）SanFrancisco圣弗兰西斯科/旧金山有GoldenGateBridge（金门大桥）
（2）LosAngels洛杉矶有Hollywood（好莱坞）位于California加州
TheAmericanIdentity(People)
1、人口构成复杂
TheWhite75%；NativeIndians&%（不到1%）；TheBlack12%；TheAsians43%；%.
TheUnitedStatesisanationofmanyethnicgroups,makingita“meltingpot”（大熔炉）.
2、Unevendistribution人口分布不均
东北多西南少
Themostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpart
TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation
TheSouth—
TheWest—notdenselypopulated
3、CivilRightsMovement民权运动
MartinLutherKing—“IHaveaDream”
4、Hispanics—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates第二语言Spanish
ThreemajorHispanicgroups:Mexican-Americans；PuertoRicans；Cuban-Americans
Part2History
整理脉络：发现新大陆——殖民——独立战争——联邦政府的建立——内战——西部大扩张——两次世界大战中的美国——当下的美国
发现新大陆时期:
1、MountRushmore总统山/拉什莫尔山，位于南达科他州。
2、哥伦布Columbus发现新大陆。
3、Name的由来:AmerigaVespucci（阿美利歌-韦斯普奇）
provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,,thelandwasnamedAmericaafterhim.
4、NativeAmericans—theIndians
5、In1565,theSpanishestablishedthefirstpermanentEuropeansettlement(移民地)最早移民为西班
牙人。
6、JohnCabotwasthefirstEnglishexplorertotraveltotheNewWorldandclaimedthefirstpieceofland
forEnglandbytheendofthe15thcentury.
7、最早有13个殖民地。1607-1733，英国在美国建立13个殖民地。
TheywereVirginia,Maine,NewHampshire,Massachusetts,Connecticut,NewYork,RhodeIsland,Mar yland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,NewJersey,PennsylvaniaandGeorgia.
8、In1620,AgroupofEnglishPuritans(英国清教徒),nowknownasthePilgrimFathers（清教徒先祖/朝
拜者）,landedatCapeCod（科德角）,nearBoston,afterailinginthesmallshiptheMayflower“五月花号“,Massachusettes.
注意：“五月花号”
9、ThanksgivingDay
1863年，美国总统林肯宣布每年十一月的第四个星期四为感恩节。首个庆祝的感恩节在1621年。
殖民地时期：
1、北美十三个殖民地
2、ThereasonsofEuropeans‘comingtoAmerica（看下即可）
(1)Theneedforincreasedtrade;
(2)ThezealofSpanishprieststoconvertthenativeIndianstoChristianity;
(3)TheneedofEuropeanreligiousandpoliticaldissentersforrefugefrompersecutionintheirhom
elands;
(4)Thethirstforadventureofsomeindividuals.
独立战争时期TheWarofIndependence/Americanrevolution：
1、TheCauses:
①
Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thepeopleinthecolonieswantedmorepowertodeterminetheirownbusin ess（自决权）.ButthepolicyoftheBritishgovernmentwastobringthedevelopmentundercontrol（把经济发展控于股掌）andcollectmoretaxesfromthecolonies.
②TheBostonTeaParty(波士顿茶叶事
件):In1773,severaldozenBostonresidentsdressedasIndiansboardedtheshipsoftheBritishEastIndi aCompany（登上英国东印度公司的船）andthrewtheteaintotheharbor.
注意：波士顿茶叶事件TheBostonTeaParty、1773年和英国东印度公司theBritishEastIndiaCompany
2、TheContinentalCongress大陆会议，中英文会表达。以下表格很重要。
3
注意：巴黎条约的签订代表了美国的真正独立。
联邦政府的建立时期Establishmentofafederalformofgovernment：
领土扩张和西进运动时期TerritorialexpansionandthewestwardMovement：1、ForcedEnglandtogiveuptheOldNorthwest（迫使英格兰放弃旧西北地区）
2、PurchasedtheLouisiana fromNepoleon.(1790’s)向拿破伦购买路易斯安那州（使得国土面积变身原先两倍）
3、ForcedSpaintocedeFloridaandtheGulfcoast迫使西班牙放弃弗罗里达和墨西哥海岸
4、TexasaddedtotheUnion(1845)1845年，德克萨斯加入联邦（1845年之前，德克萨斯属于墨西哥）
5、ObtainedCaliforniaandNewMexicofromMexicobythewarwithMexico(1846-1848)从墨西哥战争1846-4848，得到加利福尼亚和新墨西哥。
6、TheGadsdenPurchase(1853)another30,.,inreturn,年的“加滋登购地”中，又有3万平方英里的墨西哥变成了美国领土，美国付了1千万美元的补偿。
注意：“加滋登购地”中英文
南北战争时期TheAmericanCivilWar：
Time:1861-1865;当时在位总统是林肯;南北矛盾的焦点：奴隶制的存废Cause:Intheearly1800’s,注意：解释原因时要全面；经济体制不同：北方是资本主义，南方是种植园经济体制。
2、①（解放黑奴宣言）grantedfreedomtoabout4millionslaves.
②1863,TheGettysburgAddress葛底斯堡演讲
注意：解放黑奴宣言和葛底斯堡演讲中英文
3、中英文表达plantations（种植园）和Negroslaves（黑奴）
4、1865,theSouthsurrendered.最终北方胜利，南方投降。
5、TheThirteenthAmendment,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitutioninDecember,1865.
注意：废除奴隶制的第十三修正案于1865年12月写入宪法。
5、Influenceofthewar
（1）Twoachievements:
①realizetheunification(统一)oftheAmericannation
②endtheslaverysystem
（2）RapidGrowthofCapitalismaftertheCivilWar（内战后资本主义的迅速发展）
（3）Afterthewar,（战后稳定的政治环境）;
;newimmigrants（黑奴自由，新移民都提供了足够的劳动力）;
’sindustrialdevelopment(科学和发明在美国的工业发展中起到重要作用);
(联邦政府对进口商品课以高税);
(丰富的自然资源)；
②consequences:
Bothproductionandcapitalbecameincreasinglyconcentrated(生产和资本越来越集中).
两次世界大战期间：
1、theGreatDepression(1929-1937)andtheNewDeal大萧条和新政，当时在位总统为富兰克林?罗斯福
FranklinRoosevelt
2、TheTrumanDoctrineandtheMarshallPlan杜鲁门主义和马歇尔计划中英文
3、TheWatergateScandal（1976）水门事件
InordertofindoutwhetherTe dKennedy,JohnKennedys’youngerbrotherwouldrunforpresidencyan dothercampaignactivities,RichardNixonapprovedofaplantoburglarize（夜盗）
theDemocraticNationalCommittee（美国民主党全国委员会）,（夜贼）（控告，弹
劾）:NocitizenisabovetheConstitution,.
注意：会用自己的话表达什么是“水门事件”，涉及到尼克松、夜盗、肯尼迪等关键词。
4、CivilRightsMovement民权运动
Part3PoliticalSystem
1、ComparisonofthePoliticalSystem
1787年召开；
1789年正式生效；
27条修正案27amendments；
前十条称为《权利法案》TheBillofRights becamethefirsttenamendments.
4、制宪六个原则：
①Federalism
②WhichwouldresultinadifferentbetweenthenewConstitutionandtheArticlesofConfederation
,wastheneedforavigorousexecutive.
③Towhichmanyofthemoreinfluentialframerswerecommitted,wasthenecessityforasupremenati
onalcourttopolicetheconstitutionalstructuretheywereerecting.
④Theprincipleofchecksandbalances
⑤Thefarmersweredeeplycommittedtotheideathatthecentralgovernmenttheywerecreatingwast
obealimitedgovernment.
⑥Thefarmersintendedtocreateamixedgovernment.
4、TheFederalGovernment—thecentralgovernment
Threeequalandseparatebranches：TheLegislativebranch；TheExecutivebranch；TheJudicialbranch
Theyarecheckedandbalancedbyoneanother.
本部分内容学会用自己的话表达。
5、什么是联邦制？具体看P157
Federalismmeansadivisionofpowersbetweenthefederalgovernmentandstategovernment.
6、州政府和联邦政府的职责
（1）Delegated（授予权力）powersoftheFederalGovernment
①Totakecareofthewelfareanddefendthesecurityofthewholenation:
tomanageforeignaffairs;
toraiseandmaintainarmedforces（武装力量）;
todeclarewarandconcludepeace;
tocollecttaxes;
toregulateforeigntrade;
②Todealwithproblemsconcerningtwoormorestates
（2）PowersofStateGovernments(P158)
①Topassstatelawsandmaintainstatepoliceforce;
②Tolevytaxes（课税，征税）tocoverstateexpenditures;
③Tomaintainpublicschoolsandgivefinancialhelptostateuniversities.
7、LegislativeBranch立法机构
.
Residentoftherepresentedstate Residentoftherepresentedstate Chairperson VicePresident TheSpeaker
8、ExecutiveBranch政府机构
ExecutiveAgenciesandCommissions
①FederalBureauofInvestigation联邦调查局
②CentralIntelligenceAgency中央情报局
③NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration国家航空和航天局
9、JudicialBranch司法机构
了解本图
TheSupremeCourtismadeupof9justices-theChiefJusticeand8AssociateJustices（首席法官和陪审法官）。
10、CheckandBalance
注意：怎么存在？为什么这样存在？举例说明如何制衡？
制衡的意义何在？/为什么要相互制衡？
ChecksandBalances三权分立(监督＋平衡)
,,“checks”thepoweroftheotherbranchestomakesurethatthepowerisbalancedbetweenthem.
11、Donkey&Elephant
In1847,AmericanartistThomasNestdrewapoliticalpicturewithadonkeyrepresentingtheDemocra ticPartyandanelephantrepresentingtheRepublicanParty.
TheDemocraticParty—liberal;
TheRepublicanParty—conservative.（均为相对的~）
Part4Culture
1、AmericanDream&ChinaDream
2、Someimportantbirthdays
16-year-oldcanlegallydriveacar
21-year-oldcanlegallydrinkalcohol
30-year-oldknowyouaregrowingolder
40-year-oldbecomeaseniorcitizeneligibleforSocialSecuritychecks
65-year-oldareconsideredtobemiddleaged
3、
Americanweddingcanbesummarizedassomethingnew,somethingold,somethingborrowedandsomethingbl ue.
4、节日分为官方、非官方和宗教节日三种
（2）非官方
注意：情人节（）；母亲节（5月的第二个星期日）；万圣节（）
（3）宗教
注意：圣诞节和复活节
5、Holidays
Unit 1 UK 著名景点 Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit) 英国基本知识 1、constituent parts ? England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗) 2、the national anthem(国歌)? God save the queen 3、The national Emblem? 4、National flower? Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).) 5、地理位置 6、Full name?The "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth） 7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales. 8、Commonwealth? A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ?free and equal members‘. 9、Capital England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff); Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England? Pennine 11、Ben Nevis? the highest mountain in UK. 1343m 12、North Ireland? National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural 13、Rivers and lakes?1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London‘s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.） 14、The climate in Britain?pea souper 超级浓雾 Unit2 UK 1、the first settler? The Iberian(伊比利亚人) 2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)?was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall. 3、The Celtic language? the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish). 4、Hadrian ‘s Wall 5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）?(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria) 6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ? Vikings from Denmark；established some small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England 7、The Norman Conquest(1066)? The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.
英语国家概况考试题型如下： 1.选择题（30 X 1’） 2.填空题（20 X 1’） 3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子 4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子 总分100 分 主要内容包括： 一．U.S. Geography 1.Full name of U.S.. 2.Number of States: 50 states. 3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire for territorial expansion among many frontier men. 4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries. 5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S.. 6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. 7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in south California. 二．U.S. People 1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans). 2.The “first Americans” were the Indians. 3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States. 4.The first permanent settlement in North America was established in today’s V erginia in the year of 1607. 5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to: ?Protestan ?Catholic ?Jewish 6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italy and Poland. 7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequally distributed among the population. 8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.
英语国家概况（阅读） 1、Which of the following statements is NOT true? C.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in Britain 2、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 3、To get a bachelor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____. C.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophy 4、Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? B.The legislative. 5、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? C.Eating chocolate eggs on Easter Day. 6、Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s? A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life. 7、The New Deal was started by ___. A.Franklin Roosevelt. 8、Which of the following is NOT based on the fact? A.Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 9、Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION? C.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world 10、In order to go to university, secondary school students in the US must meet the following requirements except that ___. D.They pass the college entrance examinations 11、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___. D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined. 12、Which of the following about the tabloids is not true? A.They are big format newspapers. 13、In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____. A.they wanted to increase its control over Ireland 14、The largest religion in the US is ___. B.Christianity 15、Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords? C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.
Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe. F 2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F 3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles. F 4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. F 5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain. F 6. The Commonwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain. F 7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe. T 8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F 9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England. F 10. Britain’s climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.F 2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population. T 3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain. T 4. Compared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people. F 5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales. T 6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland. F 7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland. T 8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people. F 9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F 10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain. T Ⅰ. True or False: 1. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. F 2. The name “England”derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T 3. The Magna Carta defined the King’s feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue. T 4. The Black Death once ravage England, carrying off three fourths of the population. F 5. During Edward III’ s reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years’ War began. T 6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. T
英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列 Chapter: 13 geography 地理位置 1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Can ada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific. 阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州.阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋.（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能） 2.The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest co untry in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China. 就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国. 3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smalles t.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country. 所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州. 4.The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the C ontinental Divide. 落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭. 5.The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast. 阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉.（本细节有考“一句话简答题”的可能）
2011英语国家概况期末考 1 of 100 Whose speech is closest to BBC English? A Cockney Southerners in England northerners in England A Welsh 2 of 100 The two newest states which joined the United States are _____. Alaska and Hawaii California and New Mexico Alaska and Florida Hawaii and Oregon 3 of 100
Which of the following is NOT one of the general standards for admission into an institution of higher learning in the U. S. A.? ACTP GPA MBA SAT 4 of 100 Britain's longest rivers are _____. the Severn and the Thames the Thames and the Clyde the Clyde and the Humber the Severn and the Clyde 5 of 100 New Englanders were originally known as _______. Yankees German farmers
Fishermen from Scandinavia English Puritans 6 of 100 The Constitution of the United States provides that _____ shall be President of the Senate. the Chief Justice the Secretary of State the Vice President the President 7 of 100 Which of the following is NOT one of the clauses in Magna Carta? There should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. The principle of parliamentary supremacy should be confirmed and free speech in Parliament should be guaranteed.
英语国家概况复习要点 Part One UK The Country 1.Different Names for Britain and its Parts Name：England Britain Great Britain (GB/G.B.) British Isles British Empire The Commonwealth The United Kingdom(The UK) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Parts：England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Geographically, the British Isles includes Great Britain, the whole of Ireland, and all the offshore islands Politically, the British Isles is made up of U.K. and Republic of Ireland. 3. the highest mountain in Britain：Ben Nevis(本尼维斯山) the largest mountain range in Britain：the Grampians（格兰扁山脉） 4.the longest river：The Severn River (塞文河) The most important river in Britain and the second longest river: Thames（泰晤士河） 5. the largest lake in Britain：Lough Neagh（内伊湖）( Northern Ireland) 6. Backbone of England：the Pennies（奔宁山脉） The people 7.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians. 人们所知的英国最早居民是伊比利来人。 8.Basis of Modern English race? The earlist people known in Britain were nomads（游牧者）from mainland Europe in the Old Stone Age（旧石器时代）,followed by Neolithic（新石器时代）Iberians （伊比利亚人) and the Beaker Folk(比克人）in the Bronze Age（青铜器时代） 9.the contributions made by Anglo-Saxons to the English state? ①.established 'Old English' ②.laid the foundations of the English state ③. divided the country into shires ④. created the 'Witan' to advise the King(the basis of the Cabinet) 10.different invaders? First invasion—In 55 BC, Julius Caesar Second—Caesar's second raid in 54 BC Third and final—In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain (recorded) Left—In 410, Germanic barbarian attack Rome, forcing Roman troops to leave Britain, and thus ending its occupation of the island History 9.Who is known as “ the father of the British navy” ? Sir Francis Drake 10. The Norman Conquest and its consequences The Norman Conquest (1066-1071) Fuse: Edward ruled for 24 years and died in January, 1066. Harold was chosen to be king. William, Duke of Normandy, heard the news of Harold’s coronation, he got very angry and claimed that he had the sole right to be king of England because
《英语国家概况》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 课程编码：B170832223 课程类别：专业基础课 课程名称：英语国家概况 课程性质：必修 适用专业：翻译 开课学期：第三学期 总学分：2 总学时：32 先行课程：英语语法、英语口语、英语听力、英汉翻译 课程简介：本课程属于翻译专业教学课程体系中的专业基础课。该课程旨培养学生实际运用语言的能力，帮助学生打下坚实的专业基础，达到专业四级水平；同时培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 推荐教材：王恩铭. 英语国家概况[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2013 参考书目： [1] 来安方. 英美概况[M]. 河南: 河南人民出版社, 2007 [2] 余志远. 英语国家概况主编[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2000 [3] 朱永涛. 英国社会与文化[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2003 二、课程总目标 以《英语国家概况》（王恩铭著）为蓝本。本课程主要是为了使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的其他情况。本课程是一门实用性很强的文化知识课。一方面通过英语阅读主要英语国家的背景材料扩大知识面，另一方面通过学习文化知识进行语言基本功的训练，巩固和提高英语水平。 三、教学指南 课程重点：本课程教学的重点使英语专业学生了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、经济、政治等方面的概况，了解主要英语国家的文化传统，风俗习惯和社会生活的 其他情况。 课程难点：在使学生了解英语国家主要的地理、历史、经济和政治等方面的概况同时，还要培养学生良好学习作风和正确学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立 工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性。 教学方法和手段：讲授+讨论+练习
英语国家概况—美国部分测试题 姓名____________ 班级_______________ 分数______________ 1. America was named after（）. A. Italian navigator Columbus B. navigator Amerigo Vespucci C. some Indian chieftain D. George Washington, founding father of the United States 2. Between 1860 and 1990, the United States witnessed（）large-scale population movements. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 3.At the beginning of the Berlin Blockade, President Truman turned down the option of（）. A. sending supplies through the highways, protected by tanks and troops B. sending supplies through the waterways C. starting large-scale airlifting D. staring limited airlifting to test the Soviets 4.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of（）. A. coal B. electricity C. oil D. wheat 5.The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by（）. A. all of the 13 states B. all of the states except Maryland C. all of the states except Rhode Island D. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention 6.In the United States, Henry Ford became famous（）. A. because of his wealth B. because he set up the Standard Oil Corporation C. because he was the first to invent cars D. because of his Model T automobile 7.The attitude of many Americans toward different political views after WWⅡcan be described as（）. A. following the main trend of view B. intolerant C. indifferent D. tolerant 8.In the U.S., the Red Scare refers to（）. A. a senseless hysteria about the danger of communism B. a fear of Soviet subversion C. a senseless hate of anything foreign D. an intolerance of any idea different from the mainstream idea 9.In the United States, the“winner-take-all”system applies to（）. A. all the states B. a majority of the states C. all states except Maine D. only Maine 10.In “Old Man and Sea”, Hemingway praises the old man’s attitude towards（）. A. defeat and failure B. the sea C. his work D. nature 11. Which of the following is NOT among the five biggest cities in the United States?( ) A. Chicago. B. New York. C. Miami. D. Los Angeles. 12.____, which banned slavery, was added to the American Constitution in December, 1865.( ) A. The Bill of Rights B. The Thirteenth Amendment C. The Civil Rights Act D. The Voting Rights Act 13.___ have made it possible for all sections of the American population to have higher education.
湖州职业技术学院2012---2013学年第二学期 商务英语12级《英语国家概况》期末考查试卷（答案） 特别提示： 诚信是一个学生的良好品德，本次考试保证不以任何形式作弊，你如确认， 请在下面内□打“√”。□同意□不同意 (1)__The White House____ (2)____ Sydney Opera House_____ (3)__The Statue of Liberty_ (4)__bald eagle __ (5)___William Shakespear___ (6)___Stonehenge ___ Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F) (20%,2 points for each one) 1.In Britain, all children enjoy a nine-year compulsory education. ____F___ 2.In the USA, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is the entrance examination to college. ___T___ 3.Britain’s most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge. ___T____ 4.The author of the Harry Potter books is an American. ___F____ 5. The great 19th-century novelist Sir Walter named this period as the Battle of Naseby, which lasted for about 30 years. ___F____ 6. By an Act of 1791 Upper Canada (French) and Lower Canada (British) were created. ___F____ 7. The federal system of the USA consists of three branches: parliament, president and the Supreme Court. ____F___ 8. The American president is elected every four years to a four-year term, and no more than two full terms are allowed. ____T____ 9. In the UK, Oxford is the oldest university in the high education system. ____T____ 10. New Zealand has a parliamentary system of government closely patterned on that of the United Kingdom and is a fully independent member of the Commonwealth. It has a written constitution. ____F___ Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.(12%,1 point for each blank) 1.The full name of the UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain__and ___Northern Ireland__. 2.The US currency is __American dollar____. 3.The previous party in power of the USA is ______Democratic Party___. 4.The government of the UK is constitutional monarch, in which the Queen is regarded as __the Head of State_, and the __Prime Minister__is the head of government. 5.The biggest religion in the USA is ___Christianity__. 6.Known as the “__melting pot__”, the United States is another typical multi-racial country, with a population of 303 million, about 13.3% of which are African Americans, 12.5% Hispanics… 7.__Governor-General ___is officially the representative of Queen Elizabeth II, and acts only on the advice of the Canadian prime minister. 8.In Canada, the Bill, which need three times reading and discuss, is sent to the Senate and becomes the law. 9.In British high education, students always ask themselves “What do you think?” or “What do you know?” They respectively represent the educational idea of _Oxford_ and __Cambridge_.