下载文档原格式
新译林版高中英语选修三Unit4课文翻译1.ReadingHeritage in danger处境危险的遗产Welcome, everybody. It's wonderful to be here. Before we begin, I want to ask you: have you ever been awed by natural wonders? Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization? If so, you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to preserve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind. I have the beljef that some of you have heard about UNESCO heritage sites or maybe even visited one! There are currently around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide. Unfortunately, they face a variety of dangers and many of them are in urgent need of protection. Let's look at some specific issues.欢迎大家。
很高兴来到这里。
在我们开始之前，我想问你：你曾经对自然奇观感到敬畏吗?你曾经为人类文明而着迷吗?如果是这样，你可能已经明白为什么联合国教科文组织要努力保护对人类具有重要意义的文化和自然遗迹。
我相信你们中的一些人听说过联合国教科文组织的遗产地，或者甚至去过一个!目前，该公司在全球160 多个国家拥有约1100个站点。
（完整版）Unit4CulturalEncounters课文翻译综合教程二Unit 4 Cultural EncountersSusan BassnettWe live in an age of easy access to the rest of the world. Cheap flights mean that millions of people are able to visit places their parents could only dream about, while the Internet enables us to communicate with the remotest places and the traditional postal services are now referred to almost mockingly as "snail mail." When students go off back-packing, they can email their parents from Internet cafes in the Himalayas or from a desert oasis. And as for mobile phones — the clicking of text messaging at any hour of the day or night has become familiar to us all. Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, need never be out of touch.Significantly also, this great global communications revolution is also linked to the expansion of English, which has now become the leading international language. Conferences and business meetings around the globe are held in English, regardless of whether anyone present is a native English speaker. English has simply become the language that facilitates communication, and for many people learning English is an essential stepping stone on the road to success.So why, you may wonder, would anyone have misgivings about all these wonderful developments, and why does the rise of English as a global language cause feelings of uneasiness for some of us? For there are indeed problems with the communications revolution, problems that are not only economic. Most fundamental is the profound relationship between language and culture that lies at the heart of societyand one that we overlook at our peril.Different cultures are not simply groups of people who label the world differently; languages give us the means to shape our views of the world and languages are different from one another. We express what we see and feel through language, and because languages are so clearly culture-related, often we find that what we can say in one language cannot be expressed at all in another. The English word "homesickness" translates into Italian as "nostalgia," but English has had to borrow that same word to describe a different state of mind, something that is not quite homesickness and involves a kind of longing. Homesickness and nostalgia put together are almost, but not quite, the Portuguese "saudade," an untranslatable word that describes a state of mind that is not despair, angst (English borrowed that from German), sadness or regret, but hovers somewhere in and around all those words.The early Bible translators hit the problem of untranslatability head-on. How do you translate the image of the Lamb of God for a culture in which sheep do not exist? What exactly was the fruit that Eve picked in the Garden of Eden? What was the creature that swallowed Jonah, given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas? Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise.Compromising is something that speakers of more than one language understand. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate. English and Welsh speakers make adjustments regarding the colour spectrum in the grey / green / blue / brown range, since English has four words and Welsh hasthree. And even where words do exist, compromises still need to be made. The word "democracy" means completely different things in different contexts, and even a word like "bread" which refers to a staple food item made of flour means totally different things to different people. The flat breads of Central Asia are a long way away from Mother's Pride white sliced toasties, yet the word "bread" has to serve for both.Inevitably, the spread of English means that millions of people are adding another language to their own and are learning how to negotiate cultural and linguistic differences. This is an essential skill in today's hybrid world, particularly now when the need for international understanding has rarely been so important. But even as more people become multilingual, so native English speakers are losing out, for they are becoming ever more monolingual, and hence increasingly unaware of the differences between cultures that languages reveal. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another culture's mentality and shape language accordingly. Millions of people are discovering how to bridge cultures, while the English-speaking world becomes ever more complacent and cuts down on foreign language learning programmes in the mistaken belief that it is enough to know English.World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state of the art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.文化冲突我们生活在一个交流非常便捷的时代。
Section B ReadingsPassage 1Hyperactivity Disorder多动症Symptoms and Signs1 For over 50 years physicians have been evaluating and treating children who show various combinations of motoric overactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and inattentiveness. During that time, the terminology describing these children has changed, reflecting the shifting ideas about etiology and about the relationship of the symptoms of overactivity to the symptoms of inattentiveness. Called at different times minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperactive child syndrome, hyperactive reaction of childhood, and attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, the syndrome is now known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In DSM-IV, ADHD is divided into three subtypes：a combined type (most frequent), a pre- dominantly inattentive type, and a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. This most recent diagnostic terminology reflects current thinking about the possible heterogeneity of this disorder.症状和体征1 内科医生们一直在进行着对一类孩子长达五十多年的诊断和治疗，这些孩子都体现出了一种或几种如下特点，即：肢体运动过于活跃，性格易冲动，注意力涣散，和粗心大意。
Unit 4 Meeting the MuseUnderstanding ideasWhat inspires you?Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an idea. But where do artists get their ideas from? Who or what inspires them? Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists.express v. 表达n.expression influences n./v. 影响（力）adj. influentialinspire v. 激励，启发n. inspiration find out 查明，弄清你的灵感从哪儿来？每位艺术家都希望创作出能表达自己理念的作品。
但艺术家们的这些理念从何而来？是谁，抑或是什么启发了他们？下面，我们进一步发掘了三位截然不同的艺术家成功背后的因素。
Florentijn Hofman, visual artist①Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, whose large sculptures are on display all over the world.One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys. These objects have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.②Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through thegenerations. He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.③“During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish being fed by people. You see alsosome fish sculpted on the wall.” These sights set Hofman’s idea for Floating Fish in motion.visual 视觉的turn to 求助于，转向sculpture n.雕像，雕塑品on display展出，陈列inspiration 灵感，鼓励folk tales民间故事set… in motion使…开始pass…down through generations把某物世代相传float漂浮being fed by people 在句子中作定语成分,修饰fishsculpted on the wall在句子中作定语_成分,修饰fish弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼，视觉艺术家①弗洛伦泰因·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他创作的大型雕塑在世界各地进行展出。
人教版高一英语必修一unit4课文翻译和知识点详解Unit 4 EarthquakeA night the earth didn’t sleepStrange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks （n. 裂缝）in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farm-yards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to（太。
而不能）eat. Mice（mouse的复数）ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual（像往常一样）that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had began. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than 2 hundredkilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless piece of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of(代替，取代) water. People were shocked. Then,。
Unit-4-文章翻译Unit 4 Imagination and Creativity Einstein’s achievement s were so astonishing that it is sometimes tempting to view him almost as a creature from another planet rather than as an ordinary human being. Yet in certain ways he can be seen as a child of his time.爱因斯坦的成就令人无比惊讶，以至有时人们几乎想把他看成是外星人，而不是普通的地球上的人。
然而，在某些方面他可被看成是他那个时代的产儿。
Was Einstein a space Alien?爱因斯坦是外星人吗？Tony PhillipsAlbert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off… it was time to get up and go to work. He couldn’t skin a day. He needed the job to support his young family.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦精疲力竭。
他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都没法入睡。
阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时，已是他起床上班的时候了。
他不能一天不上班，他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。
Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a “Technical Expert, Third Class,”Albert worried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didn’t approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it again.阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。
unit4 Problems and Advice【词汇讲解】1.（be) on a diet 节食我们都不应该为了减肥而节食。
2.regret v. 懊悔同义词regret doing sth 后悔/内疚做过某事regret to do sth 遗憾地去做某事I now regret school so young. 我现在后悔如此年轻就离开学校了。
I regret you that you can't pass the examination.我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过考试。
see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事see sb. do sth 看到某人做过（经常做）某事我看见小偷进来了。
我经过那个公园时，我看见一个小女孩在哭。
3.though 虽然, 尽管= althoughthough放在句首或句中，不能与but连用尽管数学很难，但是他一直都很努力。
4.feel ashamed of sth 对……感到惭愧我对我跟他说的东西感到惭愧。
5.drive sb. mad 让某人受不了他说的话让我受不了。
6.mess n. 杂乱；不整洁messy adj.杂乱的；不整洁的make a mess 搞得一塌糊涂The house was a _____________. The house was _____________.When I got home, the house was _______________. 当我到家时，房子被搞得一塌糊涂。
7.annoying adj. 令人恼怒\生气的annoyed adj. 感到恼怒\气恼的annoy v. 使生气, 惹恼类似构词：interest interesting interestedsurprise surprising surprisedfrighten frightening frightenedexcite exciting excited8.out of place 格格不入在她的生日聚会上，我觉得格格不入。
Unit 4 Meeting the MuseUnderstanding ideasWhat inspires you?Every artist’s wish is to create something that expresses an idea. But where do artists get their ideas from? Who or what inspires them? Here we find out more about the influences behind the successes of three very different artists.express v. ____________ n. __________ influence__________inspire v. _____________ n. ___________ find out ___________段落翻译：________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Florentijn Hofman, visual artist①Florentijn Hofman is a Dutch artist, whose large sculptures are on display all over the world. One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children’s toys. These objects have given him ideas for his animal sculptures, such as the famous Rubber Duck. A more recent work of his is the huge Floating Fish, which was set among the beautiful landscape of Wuzhen West Scenic Zone.②Hofman’s inspiration for Floating Fish came from Chinese folk tales passed down through the generations. He was particularly interested in the old story about a fish jumping through the “Dragon Gate”. This story came to life for Hofman when he visited Wuzhen and saw how people lived there.③“During the walk and my stay here in the town, I saw the fish being fed by people. You see also some fish sculpted on the wall.” These sights set Hofman’s idea for Floating Fish in motion. visual___________ turn to___________on display____________________ inspiration ___________folk tales___________ in motion___________pass…down through generations ____________________ float___________being fed by people 在句子中作___________成分,修饰____________sculpted on the wall在句子中作___________成分,修饰____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Tan Dun, poser④“There is no territory in the world of music.” These are the words of Chinese poser Tan Dun. He is most widely known for posing music for the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and the 2008 Beijing Olympics.⑤To listen to Tan’s music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences. Since his first opera, Nine Songs, Tan Dun has been using a bination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories. As Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as to be recognised by the whole world.territory n. __________ poser n. _____________ v. _____________be widely known for ___________________ a mix of _______________a bination of__________________ v. _______________so as to/in order to _________________ 表_______________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yang Liping, dancer⑥Yang Liping’s passion is dancing. After winning a national petition in 1986 with her Spirit ofthe Peacock dance, she has been known as the “Peacock Princess”. The inspiration for her famousdances has e from the time she spent in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province.⑦“I feel very grateful for the years in Xishuangbanna,” says Yang. “It gave me a chance to godeeper into the lives of various ethnic groups... Our ethnic groups, especially the Dai people, admire the peacock. They think the peacock represents the beauty of nature. I especially like the dance style of the Dai people and it gives me lots of inspiration. My dance es from their traditional belief and aims to bring out the Dai women’s beauty.”passion ____________be known as ___________________ go deeper into ________________ethnic groups _____________________ princess ____________ 王子____________She spent in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province 是一个__________从句，引导词_________在从句中作___________,所以省略了be/feel grateful for sth.__________bring out the Dai women’s beauty_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Developing ideasART & TECHNOLOGY①Think “art”. What es to your mind? Is it Greek or Roman sculptures in the Louvre, or Chinese paintingsin the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern of lights?②The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it, they could also interact with it—literally. They did this by using their phones to change its colours and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?③Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years. To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. This means that art and technology have always been seen as two very separate things.e to your mind __________________ dancing pattern of lights_________________light up_________________interact with_________________ literally______________a variety of_________________ rather than_________________ separate______________exhibits ____________ be labelled as_________________ technician_________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ④Today, however, technological advances have led to a bination of art and technology. As a result, the art world is changing greatly. Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. Take for example one of China’s most famous paintings from the Song Dynasty, Along the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwork is rarely on display, people have sometimes queued up to six hours for a chance to see it. Once in front of the painting, they only have limited time to spend taking in its five metres of scenes along the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks to technology however, millions more people have been able to experience a digital version of this painting. Threedimensional (3D) animation means that viewers can see the characters move around and interact with their surroundings. They can also watch as the different scenes change from daylight into nighttime.technological advances________________ lead to ________________is more accessible to ________________ surroundings________________queue______________ up to________________ take in____________________ threedimensional ___________________ animation______________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ⑤The arttech bination is also changing our concepts of “art” and the “artist”. Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. With new technological tools at our fingertips, more and more people are exploring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art forms, such as digital paintings and videos.⑥However, the increase in the amount and variety of art produced has also raised questions over its overall quality. Can a video of someone slicing a tomato played in slow motion really be called “art”?⑦Similarly, such developments are making the line between art and technology less distinct. Can someone unfamiliar with traditional artists’ tools really call themselves an “artist”? And is the artist the creator of the art itself, or the maker of the technology behind it? A recent project used technology and data in the same way that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes. The end result, printed in 3D, was a new “Rembrandt painting” created 347 years after the artist’s death. These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when puters rather than humans create art.⑧Where technology will take art next is anyone’s guess. But one thing is for sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.the arttech bination____________________ concepts ______________at one’s fingertips ______________ raised questions over ______________overall quality______________ slice______________in slow motion ______________ distinct______________that Rembrandt used his paints and brushes 是____________从句，修饰_______________when puters rather than humans create art是____________从句，修饰_______________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________。
人教版高中英语（2019）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disaster一、词汇1、识记disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, tsunami, flood, volcano, rescue, damage, destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, crack, percent, brick, metal, shock, electricity, trap, bury, breathe, revive, effort, unify, wisdom, context, suffer, hurricane, survive, power, pipe, whistle, emergency, calm, aid, crash, sweep, wave, strike, deliver, summary, length, *release, *deadly2、词形变化destroy v. 毁灭，破坏→destroyer n. 破坏者destruction n. 毁灭，破坏destructive adj. 毁灭性的，引起破坏的affect vt. 影响，假装，（感情上）深深打动，使悲伤（或怜悯等）→affection n. 假装affected adj. 假装的，做作的affecting adj. 深深打动人的affectively adv.effect n. 影响effective adj. 有效的percent n. 百分之……→percentage n. 百分比，百分率shock vt. 感到震惊→shocked adj. 感到震惊的shocking adj. 令人震惊的electricity n. 电→electric/ electrical adj. 用电的，电动的electronic adj. 电子的electronically adv.electrically adv.breathe v. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸unify v. 同意，使成一体→unification n. wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的→wisely adv.wisdom n. 智慧，明智suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨→sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者suffering n. 痛苦，苦难sufferance n. 经勉强同意，由于（某人的）宽容power n. 能力，权力，能量v. 驱动，带动→powerful adj. 有权势的，有影响力的，强有力的powerfully adv. 强有力地，激动人心地powerless adj. 无权的，无影响力的powerlessness n.survive v. 存货，生存，幸免于难→survival n. 存活，幸存，残存物survivor n. 幸存者emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况→emergent adj. 新兴的，处于发展初期的sum n. 总数，（数字的）简单计算v. 总结，概括→summary n. 总结，概括，概要adj. 总结性的，概要的summarily adv.summarize vt. 总结，概括，概述length n. 长度→long adj. 长的，长时间的，长久的，长期的adv. 长期地lengthen v. （使）边长3、应用1. 辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, break, spoil这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。
Unit 4 Never too old to learnReadingLearning for life终身学习The more I learn, the better I know how much there is still left to learn. As I journey through my life, I have become aware that acquiring knowledge is not only a means by which you can better understand the world, but also a way of appreciating how much, as an individual, you do not know. The ability to admit this should be perceived not as a weakness, but as a strength. I once had an art teacher who pointed out that it is not only what you can see that is important, but also what you cannot see. When I drew a still life, it was impressed upon me that the blank spaces between the objects were just as vital to the success of the composition as the actual objects themselves. Also, as the great educ ator Confucius stated, “When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it —that is knowledge!”我学得越多，就越知道还有多少东西要学。
下面的文章选自奈杰尔贝诺克瑞提斯的婚姻与家庭。
此书在美国的一些大学里被用作社会学和妇女研究等课程的教材，它强调了在当代社会和家庭中所发生的重要变化，探索了家庭成员所面临的选择，以及我们很多人都还未意识到的种种约束。
该书还审视了当今美国家庭的多样性，运用跨文化和多元文化的比较，以激发创造性思维来研究21世纪家庭所面临的许多严峻问题。
爱和情感连系奈杰尔·贝诺克瑞提斯1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。
它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。
家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和情感支持的来源。
众所周知，缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题，如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心疾病，这些病有时会伴随他们一生。
而对比之下，拥有爱和拥抱的婴儿通常体重增加得快，哭得少，而笑得多。
到了五岁时，他们的智商和语言测试的分数明显比前一类儿童高得多。
2很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。
正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。
在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。
3对自己的爱，或者说自爱，对我们的社会性和情感发展也是至关重要的。
女演员梅·韦斯特曾说过，“我从没有像爱自己那样爱过别人。
”虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心，实际上却是相当有见地。
社会学家将自爱描述为自尊的一个重要基础。
从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。
弗罗姆(1956)认为自爱是爱别人的先决条件。
不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱，而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。
那么到底什么是爱?是什么让人们走到一起?4爱是一个难以描述的概念。
我们都经历过爱，觉得我们知道爱是什么，然而当被问到什么是爱时，人们给出的答案却不尽相同，比如一个九岁的男孩说，“爱像雪崩，你必须快跑才能活命。
何兆熊《综合教程（4）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】Unit4一、词汇短语Text I1.dispatch[]v.a）send off to a destination派遣：The presidentdispatched a messenger to tell the premier what happened.总统派出一名信使向首相禀报所发生的事。
b）the act of sending off something派遣，发送：Could you confirm the dispatch date?你可以确定发货日期吗？2.constitute[]v.make up;form or compose组成，构成；建立：Rice,meat,vegetables and fruit constitute a balanced diet.米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。
3.artistry[]n.the skill of an artist艺术性；工艺；艺术技巧：This isan important component of the Chinese people’s musical artistry.这是中国民间音乐艺术中一个重要的构成因素。
4.char[]v.a）make or become black by burning烧焦：Char the skins of thepeppers under a hot grill.在热的烤架下把柿子椒的外皮烤焦。
b）n.a charred substance炭：They are charring wood in a kiln.他们正在窑内将木头烧成木炭。
5.brand[]bel or mark with or as if with a brand铭刻于，铭记；打烙印于：The plane crash was branded on his mind.飞机坠毁的情景铭刻在他的心中。
Unit 4 EarthquakeA night the earth didn’t sleepStrange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks （n. 裂缝）in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farm-yards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to（太。
而不能）eat. Mice（mouse的复数）ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual（像往常一样）that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had began. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than 2 hundredkilometers away. One - third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless piece of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of(代替，取代) water. People were shocked. Then,later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last（宾语从句）.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.词汇：1.飓风hurricane 龙卷风tornado台风typhoon 干旱drought2.警报alarm 潮湿的humid 湿气humidity 现象phenomenon3.摇；震动shake 爆炸burst 废墟ruin损害injure4.破坏destroy 无用的useless 使震惊shock 地震quake/earthquake5.救援rescue 灾难disaster短语：1.雷电交加thunder and lightning 温室效应weather forcast2.全球变暖global warming 立刻，马上right away3.平静下来calm down 爆发burst out4.突然burst into 废墟in ruins5.挖掘dug out 分发，发出give out6.为。
Unit 4 Drawing inthe park在公园里画画Pages 24-25 Story time❶Let's draw some pictures here.让我们在这里画一些画吧。
Good idea! 好主意！❷What can you see over there? 你在那边能看到什么？I can see a tree and some flowers.我能看到一棵树和一些花。
Can you draw them? 你能画它们吗？ Sure. It's easy. 当然。
这很容易。
❸This is the tree and these are the flowers. 这是树，这些是花。
Well done. 干得好。
❹Can you see the boat on the river?你能看到河上的小船吗？Yes. 是的。
Can you draw it? 你能画它吗？It's difficult, but I can try.这很难，但是我可以试一试。
❺Is this a boat? 这是一只小船吗？单词a boat 一只小船a flower 一朵花a tree 一棵树a hill 一座山a lake 一个湖a river 一条河Page 27 Cartoon time ❶What's in thisbig box? 在这个大盒子里有什么？Have a look, Bobby.It's great fun.看一看，博比。
它非常有趣。
❷What can you see in it?在它里面你能看到什么？I can see a boat on the lake.我能看到一只小船在湖上。
❸Try again. What can you see now?再试一次。
现在你能看到什么？❹It's a tiger! 一只老虎！Page 28 Soundtime ebed 床 desk书桌pen 钢笔red 红色的ten 十Ken,it's ten to ten. 肯，现在是十点差十分。
Unit 4 6 million in the mid-western(中西部) area were affected by the flood, and there is a real danger of mass(大规模的) starvation(饥饿). 在中西部地区近 6 百万人被洪水的影响，并存在一个真正的大规模饥荒的危险。
2. It’s incredible(难以置信的) what when he gambled(赌博) he always won, whether he was playing a card game or betting(投注) on horse racing. 令人难以置信的是，当他赌博时，他总是赢无论是在玩一种纸牌游戏，或赛马投注。
3. The council(委员会) is trying to get more people to do voluntary(自愿的) work and render(提供) social services in the less developed. 在这欠发达的社会，委员会正试图让更多的人从事志愿工作并社会服务。
4. Elephants are dying out because they are being hunted(猎杀) for the tusks(象牙)。 大象正在灭绝，因为他们正因象牙而被猎杀。
5. Wines(葡萄酒) can be classified(分类的) as dry, medium(中等的) or sweet according to their sugar content(容量、内容). 根据其含糖量可分为干型，半干型, 甜型葡萄酒。
6. Slavery(奴隶制) was abolished(废除的) in Canada in 1833 and the Canadian authorities(当局、权威) then encouraged slaves from American to settle down on their land。 1833 年加拿大废除了奴隶制，加拿大当局则鼓励来自美国的奴隶在自己的土地上定居下来。
7. Some of the developing countries seem to be stuck with a tough(艰难的) situation —the division(分开) between the rich and the poor has never been so clear and sharp(锋利的)。 一些发展中国家似乎陷入一个艰难的局面 - 富人与穷人之间的分工从未如此清晰和锐利
8. The mass media(大众传媒) commented(评论) that the young man’s suicide(自杀) was nothing but a senseless(无知的、无意义的) waste of his life. 众媒体评论说，年轻人的自杀只不过是对生命无谓的浪费。
9. The younger generation(一代人) should not just seek for the latest fashions they should have long-term(长期) commitment(承诺) and try to live a worthy life. 年轻一代不应该只是寻求最新的时尚，他们应该有长期的奋斗目标并努力过一个有价值的生活、
’s absolutely(绝对地) no coordination(协调) between the different work teams—we don’ t know what others are doing. 不同的工作小组之间没有绝对的协调——我们不知道别人在做什么。
witnesses(目击者) to the accident we were asked to make written declarations(声明) of what we had seen. 作为事故的目击者，我们被要求对我们所看的事情写出书面声明。
12. The police still don’t know who committed(坚定的) the burglary(入室盗窃)，but it is reported one of the suspects(犯罪嫌疑人) is a loafer(游手好闲的人) by the name of Bill Jones. 警方还不知道谁偷了，但据报道，其中一名嫌疑人是叫比尔琼斯的浪子。
13. Now that my parents-in-law have decided to live with us, we are now faced with(面对) the necessity(n. 必然性) to purchase(购买) a larger apartment close to the campus(校园). 现在，我的父母在法律上已经决定和我们住在一起，我现在必须买更大的靠近校园的公寓是很有必要的 14. It seems as if every American boy between the ages of 8 and 15 likes to play video games, but such games are only moderately(适度地) popular among girls of the same age group. 似乎每一个 8 到 15 岁美国男孩人都喜欢玩电子游戏，但这样的游戏在同一年龄组的女孩只能是中度流行。
15. He was a really considerate friend—always available(可获得的) to help at the slightest(轻微的) hint(暗示、微量) of trouble。 他是个常体贴的朋友——只要有一点点麻烦的迹象他都会提供帮助
16. A survey shows that a considerable(相当大的) number of people object to(对…反对) the government’s immigration(移民) policy. 一项调查显示，许多人反对政府的移民政策。
is a new pain-killing(止痛) drug which came into use only six months ago, so it’s too early to evaluate(评价) its effectiveness(有效性) now. 这是一个新的止痛药物，六个月前投入使用，所以现在评估他的功效太早了
derived(得到、衍生) great satisfaction(满足) from playing the violin in her adulthood(成年), even though she used to get bored with it when she was in her late teens(青少年). 在她成年的时候从弹小提琴中得到到满足，虽然在她青年的时候厌烦小提琴。
1. In view of(鉴于) her outstanding(杰出的) academic(学术的) achievements and other qualities she stands a chance(有机会) of being admitted(允许、被承认的) to one of the world’s best universities. 鉴于她的优异学术成就和其他素质，她有机会考取世界上最好的大学。
2. His recent mismanagement(管理不善) of the company has ruled out(排除) the possibility of getting promoted(促进) to the top management。 最近他管理公司不善，已排除得到晋升到高层管理人员的可能性。
3. The expedition(探险队) consisits of(由) five Europeans, two Australians and ten Chinese. 探险队由五个欧洲人，两个澳大利亚人和十个中国人组成。
4. It’s good to see Tom looking so happy now after all the sufferings he has gone through(经历了) in the last few years. 很高兴看到汤姆在经历了过去几年的苦难后能如此开心。 5. When he competed at Stockholm Olympics, Jim Thorpe was not an amateur(业余) player in the strict sense(从严格意义上说) because he had been paid a few dollars to play semiprofessionals(半职业性选手或运动员) before. 当他在斯德哥尔摩奥运会比赛时，吉姆·索普不是严格意义上的业余球员，因为他之前被支付几元钱做半职业选手。
6. At a guess, I’d say that there were at least 1400 people on board when the ship sank in the Red Sea. 凭猜测，我可以说，当船在红海沉没时，至少有1400人在船上。
7. The traditional practice that the father earns a living for the family and the mother stays at homes is out of date(过时的) as more and more women have joined the workforce. 随着越来越多的妇女加入劳动大军，父亲挣钱养家母亲呆在家里的传统做法是过时的。
8. Even if her suggestion does not coincide with(与…一致) what you have in mind, I would advise you to accept it. 即使她的建议与你心里的有什么不相符，我还是建议你接受它。
