2018高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题专题突破
Step1猜测词义常见设问方式
1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “’’?
2.What does the author probably mean by “’’?
3.The word “’’ in the contest means _____.
4.The term can be best replaced by _____.
5.The word “’’ probably refers to ____.
6.As used in the line … the word “’’ refers to ______.
7.According to the passage, the word “’’ is known as_____.
8.The passage use the word “’’ to refer to ____
9.According to the author, the underlined word “’’ means____.
10.From the context/ passage, we can infer that the word “’’ means _____.
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。Step2. 方法探究
1. Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’coin collection. “We’ve
collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,” she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”
The underlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _______.
A. story
B. collection
C. inspiration
D. foreign coin
2. Today when many tend to worry more about their own happiness, Houng’s deeds
remind us of what we usually neglect: love and care for others. Without these, none of us could survive. Houng turned down donations from others. He said he felt encouraged by kind offers, but he could depend on his own work.
The underlined word “donation” in probably means ______.
A. invitation to give a speech
B. something, especially given to help others
C. questions asked by interviewers
D. chances to be a hero
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The elder learn to master the Internet and to overcome what Lansdale calls
the maladies of the institutionalized: loneliness, helplessness, boredom, and lose of memory.
4. Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies (军用物
资),while others carried only passengers.
5. Scientists grow large quantities of common mould (霉菌)so that they can get penicillin from it in order to make antibiotics, that is, substances that kill germs.
6. Marine biology, the study of oceanic plants and animals and their relation, has furthered the efficient development of fisheries.
7. Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such
as shoplifter, who always takes away things from the shop without paying for them.
【思考归纳】这几道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 8. Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions
without seeking the opinions of others.
From the passage, we can infer that the word “autocratic’’ means ______
A. friendly to others
B. modest and kindly
C. sticking to one’s own opinion
D. hard-working
9. Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary
page.
jazz: 1. n.a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang. Empty talk. 4. adj. of or like jazz; a jazz band, jazz records.
What does the word “jazz” mean in the following sentence?
Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A. Rhythmic beats.
B. A type of music.
C. A kind of dance.
D. Meaningless talk.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 10. “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They
must be carefully cultivated.”
The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged
B. compared
C. examined
D. developed
11. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.
According to the author, the underlined word static means ______.
A. unchangeable
B. inactive
C. respective
D. widespread
12. Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the
population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.
【思考归纳】这三道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一
下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 13. Millions of animals die each year on US roads, the Federal Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.
14. Mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。____________________________________________________________________________ 15. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language
Teaching in School, of English learning.
16. Many United nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Simpson, for example, speaks
five languages fluently.
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 17. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would
need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
18. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago,
it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 19. 下题中划线的词可换为：
New York, 10 November, 5:27 ., yesterday. Biggest power failure in the city’s history.
A. enough
B. not passing
C. lack of
D. lack
【思考归纳】这道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。____________________________________________________________________________ 20. Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2from the
atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.
The underlined phrase “mopping up ” in the second paragraph means _______.
A. cleaning up
B. taking in
C. wiping out
D. giving up
21. She walked quietly to the small room by the lift and took a mop. She pushed
past the desk and as the nurse looked up. Mum nodded and said, “Very dirty floor.”
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________ 22. The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors
battled nature with the basic tools they had.
23. The aging of the population will affect American society in many ways-education, medicine, and business.
The underlined work “aging” means ______.
A. counting the number of years someone lives
B. the numbers of years someone lives
C. becoming older
D. making someone looking older
【思考归纳】这两道题你是如何得出答案的？从中你有什么启发和收获？跟大家分享一下。
____________________________________________________________________________
检测反馈
运用方法探究中学到的技巧，快来一试身手吧！看谁做得又快又好！
A
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of view.
Mothers, doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.
It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr. Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.
Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample（样本）of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.
I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.
小题1:What does the author think about Dr King?
A．He is strict
B．He is unkind
C．He has the wrong idea.
D．He sets a timetable for mothers
小题2:The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________
A．basic B．reliable C．surprising D．interesting
小题3:What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?
A．The baby will sleep well.
B．The baby will have its brain harmed.
C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level.
D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.
小题4:The author supports feeling the baby_______.
A．in the night
B．every four hours
C．whenever it wants food
D．according to its blood sugar level
B
For high school leavers starting out in the working world，it is very important to learn particular skills and practice how to behave in an interview or how to find all internship(实习). In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work. In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between.
Research shows that if high schools provide career-related courses，students are likely to get higher earnings in later years. The students are more likely to stay in school，graduate and go on to higher education.
In Germany，students as young as 13 and 14 are expected to do internships. German companies work with schools to make sure that young people get the education they need for future employment.
But in America, education reform programs focus on how well students do in exams instead of bringing them into contact with the working world. Harvard Education school professor Robert
Schwartz has criticized education reformers for trying to place all graduates directly on the four-year college track. Schwartz argued that this approach leaves
the country’s most vulnerable(易受影响的)kids with no jobs and no skills.
Schwartz believed that the best career programs encourage kids to go for higher education while also teaching them valuable practical skills at high sch001. James Madison High School in New York，for example，encourages students to choose classes on career—based courses. The school then helps them gain on—the-job experience in those fields while they’re still at high school.
However, even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting. In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row.
“The risk is that if teenagers miss out on the Summer job experience，they become part of this generation of teens who had trouble in landing a job，”said Michael，a researcher in the US.
小题1:According to Robert Schwartz，_________.
A．there is no need for kids to go for higher education in the US
B．students should get contact with the working world at high school
C．education reform should focus on students’performance in exams
D．teenagers in the US can’t miss out on the summer job experience
小题2:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Arguments about recent US education reform.
B．Tips on finding jobs for high school leavers.
C．The lack of career-based courses in US high schools.
D．Advice for American high school leavers.
小题3:The underlined word “daunting”in Paragraph 5 most probably means___________.
A．discouraging B．interesting C．creative D．unbearable
解题指导
在词义猜测题中，有些词汇并非生词，只需要根据上下文去推测它应在文章中的具体含义，或找出其指代对象。做这类题，应仔细阅读出现该词的上下文，文章中往往会对这类词或短语进行重复解释或概括归纳。因此答案往往可从文章中找出或推测出。
〖猜测词义第一招〗利用上下文语境线索
任何一篇文中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
〖第二招〗利用定义和解释性线索
阅读文中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is, mean, stand for, namely, to refer
to, to mean, in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括弧来表示。留心阅读就可以断定它们的意思。
〖第三招〗根据逻辑关系进行判断。英语中句与句之间在语意上往往存在一些逻辑关系，如因果、对比、并列、转折关系等。
因果关系的语境，通常由because, so ,therefore, so that, so / such… that… 等连词体现。
〖第四招〗利用对比线索
有时文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中多见unlike; although; but; yet; while; on the contrary; on the other hand; for one thing; for another; instead of; rather than等信息词。
〖第五招〗利用同义线索和同等关系
同义词替换可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有 or, like, similarly等。同等关系是指一个词、一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属一范畴。只要我们认识其中一个或几个词或短语，即可确定同等关系中生词的词性，作用和大概意思。
〖第六招〗利用例证性线索
某些冷僻的词汇后会举一个例子，使词汇具体易懂。such as, like, for example, for instance等连接性词语往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的名词。
〖第七招〗根据构词法
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中，因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
〖第八招〗注意熟词生义
英语中大量的词汇具有多义性，其含义并非完全等同于词典所标注的汉语意思，具体的词义需要在一定的上下文中体现出来。阅读理解中的熟悉词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有量的规定，不得超过3%；其二，熟悉词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟悉词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。
〖第九招〗根据常识或经验猜测词义
在阅读中碰到生词时，我们有时可以运用逻辑推理能力、自身的生活经验及生活常识去推断生词的含义。当然也要结合语境。
〖第十招〗
根据词性转化，猜测它在语境中的词义
题目参考答案
3.老年综合症 4 goods 5.抗生素 6 海洋生物学 7 商店里偷窃的人8 C 9D 10D 11A 12单一的 13虎猫an endangered wild cat
14教堂other public halls can 15期刊 16 会多国语言的人
17抗毒 18简化的 19D 20B 21拖把 22作斗争 23C
第一篇
小题1:C小题2:B小题3:D小题4:C
试题分析：本文典型的议论文，论点是反对定期喂养婴儿。论据：一是我们不知道婴儿的血糖的情况。二是文中例举了定期喂养的害处。三是实验表明，按需喂养比定期喂养的孩子更聪明。结论:希望结束定期喂养的习惯。
小题1:细节理解题。根据I"ve never heard anything so ridiculous. wrong idea 和ridiculous“荒谬的”两者属于同义重现，故选C。
小题2:词义猜测题。basic基本的； reliable可靠的； surprising吃惊的；interesting有趣的。根据第四和第五段的实验结果的具体描述可知，故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7 , 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. wiser更加聪明的，故选D。
小题4:细节理解题。根据I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. whenever it wants food什么时候需要就喂孩子，故选C。
点评：本段主要考查细节题。细节题通常采用词语和句型转换的形式来取代原文中的表述，命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。
第二篇小题1:B小题2:C小题3:A
试题分析：文章主要介绍了通过与德国的中学的情况的比较，来说明在美国中学里，还是很缺乏有关职业生涯的基本课程。
小题1:考查细节理解题。根据第六段的even for teens whose schools encourage them to connect with work，the job market is daunting 看出答案是B
小题2:考查主旨大意题。文章第一段的In some countries，schools have programs to help students onto the path to work．In the Unites States，however，such programs are still few and far between 点出了主题，选C。
小题3:考查词义猜测题。从下文的In the US，unemployment rates for 16-to 19-year-olds are above 20 percent for the third summer in a row．可猜出词义是discouraging。选A。
点评：文章兼顾细节题、主旨题、词义猜测题的考查，在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，细节的答案在文章中可以直接找到，推理就要结合句子进行推理。
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Google's new camera, called Clips, is a smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip (夹子), but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands and captures moments entirely on its own! What sets this roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness apart is that it is specially intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone. The Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序) to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. "Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces," said Juston Payne, the device's product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions, which involved "training it to know what happiness looks like". The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens, or if it is tossed in a dark purse. The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing. Concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted, but he said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet. "This product is only possible because of the way that silicon(硅) has advanced," Payne said that now they could squeeze the technology down into a device this size. Going forward, we're likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets.（1）What is the most outstanding feature of Clips? A.It enables easy Internet access. B.It is equipped with tough glass. C.It can be worn on your clothing. D.It allows of hands-free photography. （2）What does the underlined word "candid" in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Awkward. B.Brief. C.Touching. D.Unforgettable. （3）What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne? A.The advance in technology. B.The popularity of the Internet. C.The screen for viewing and editing. D.The rise of the smartphone industry. （4）What does the text mainly talk about? A.New gadgets in the age of apps.
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。 词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。 近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表 近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。 词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。 常见的设问形式主要有以下几种： What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to? What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean? What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...? Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。预计2018年此题型题量将会保持稳定，命题重点仍然是考查生词/短语的意思、熟词生义或代词的指代含义。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.