一、段落（paragraph）
段落是小于语篇的语义单位，是一个在概念上比句子更大的翻译分析单位。它可能是几个句群，也可能是一个句群，还可能只是一个句子，甚至是一个词。以段落为单位对原语进行分析，较之以句子为单位的分析更有利于译者对原文作者意向及原文逻辑关联的把握。从翻译实践出发，这里所讲的是至少有一个句群组成的段落。先谈英汉对比，后说英语语段的译法。
1）英汉段落比较
段落是具有明确的始末标记的、语义相对完整、交际功能相对独立的语篇单位。英语段落的构成大致可分两类：一类是典型的"主题句——阐述句——总结句"结构，另一类则有点象汉语的以某一中心思想统领的形散神聚结构，但注重形合的英语常常使用许多衔接和连贯手段，以便从形式上显现各种组合关系。前一类结构的主题句标明段落的主题思想，接下来的句子必须在语义上与这一主题关联，在逻辑上演绎严谨。这一特征在英语的论说文中表现得尤为突出。而汉语段落通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想，其表述方式多为迂回式和流散式的，句际之间的意义关联可以是隐约的、似断非断的。当然，也有不少十分注重逻辑推演的段落，句际之间环环相扣，但有相当数量的汉语段落都是形分意合的，没有英语中常见的那些连接词。这种现象的背后当然是中英思维方式上的某些差异。另外，段落构成在不同体裁的文章中也有明显差异。比较一下英汉语段落构成情况，我们只能说它们是同中有异、异中有同，异略大于同。例如：
Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronaut's suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside the spaceship. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty, but also for its utility.
这一例是典型的"主题句——阐述句——总结句"结构。阐述部分的句子一方面以语义与主题句的直接关联，另一方面以一些逻辑标识（logic markers）显现论述的逻辑序列和句际关系。英语段落中的句际关系按语义大致可分为四类：一、平行式，包括并列关系、对立关系、比较关系、选择关系等；二、偏正式，包括因果、层进等关系；三、承接式，包括现实时空序列承接、心理时空序列承接等；四、总分式，包括总说分承和分述总括两类。在衔接上主要依靠关联词和词语重复、指代替换等手段。当然，英语中也有"主题隐含式"段落，即无主题句的段落，但其中心思想通过段落中的每个句子可以明白无误地反映出来。这里限于篇幅，就不一一列举了。
下面再请看一例汉语段落：
自1840年鸦片战争使中国蒙受历史性屈辱以来，从林则徐、魏源、龚自珍到孙中山，历代志士仁人曾为中国的救亡和发展，前仆后继，英勇奋斗，但由于缺少科学理论的指导而饮恨九泉。实践告诉我们，在一个半殖民地半封建的中国，改良封建专制制度，不是出路；
实行资本主义，亦非良策。在历史的比较中我们认识到，唯有马克思列宁主义，才能救中国。马克思列宁主义一经传入中国，中国人民就在精神上由被动转入主动，中国共产党才在马克思列宁主义和中国工人运动的结合中诞生并成为中国革命的领导力量，中国人民的民族解放和民族振兴才找到了正确的方向。从此，开始了马克思列宁主义在中国的实践和发展历程。
该汉语段落的中心思想就是：历史告诉我们，只有马克思列宁主义才能救中国。但这一主题的阐发方式却明显不同于英语论说文段落模式，它形散神聚，词句的随"意"自然流动、重文气（气韵）而轻文理（理则）、乃至断句不严等特点，均可在其中找到。
2）段落翻译
段落翻译首先是把段落看成一个语义分析单位，至于语义转换单位则无定规。如果一个段落只有一个句群，而句群中各句间的关系又需在译文中重作调整，那么该句群就可以被作为一个翻译转换单位，也就是以段落为转换单位。如果句群中各句之间的语义关系、逻辑关系在用译入语表达中不需什么调整，那么译者完全可以将各句、各分句作为转换单位。由于翻译单位可大可小，难以硬性进行规定，因此翻译段落时有必要区分分析单位和转换单位。译者应先将段落作为一个有机整体进行分析，然后再进一步深入到词句，在转换时，一定要使局部服从整体。从段落模式来看，英译汉时一般都可保留原模式，以尽量做到形神意兼似。例如下面一例就?quot;主题句+展开句"段落，翻译时只须"拿来"，在句式上作适当调整即可：
It may be that I am a pessimist, for spring it is, not autumn, that makes me sad. Spring has always rightly been identified with youth, and the sorrows of youth are poignant and bitter. The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shriveled and defeated, limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time. The world is urgent with bursting life, with the wild exciting beauty of youth, but it is an impetuous beauty of scenes racing impatiently in to the florid and surfeited luxury of summer. Here is no comfort and fulfillment, only passionate creation of transitory delight. （Ona Low, My Favourite Season.）我也许是一个悲观主义者，因为使我伤感的季节，是春天而非秋天。人们总是把青春比作春天，这自然无可厚非，但青春逝去的哀伤却是苦不堪言的。那笑傲三月狂风的水仙花，很快枯萎一片，花残叶败，紧锁的愁眉向人们诉说着天道的无情。蓬勃的生命和狂热激奋的青春美丽催动着春天万物，良辰美景来去匆匆，转眼又是俗艳奢华的夏天了。春天没有安然自得，没有任何结果，有的只是激情涌动和转瞬即逝的快乐。
二、篇章
篇章是比句段落更大的语言单位。它研究语篇中的句子排列、衔接和连贯，研究语篇的生成。我国对于篇章的研究由来已久，但多注重篇章结构分析，注重篇章修辞分析，且篇章只指书面语言。而在国外，篇章研究大体有两种类型：text analysis和discourse analysis.前者多指书面语，而后者多指口语。由于篇章分析中的一些术语用法不一，所以这儿只讨论书面语范围内的篇章，即由段落组成的、结构和语义完整的交际单位。
1）英汉篇章比较
由于篇章有各种各样的意图、功能，所以篇章之间常呈现出这样或那样的差异，即便是同一体裁的篇章也不例外。因此，这里的篇章比较不是十分全面的。总的来讲，英汉语篇章
大致都可以分为三部分：开篇、中间、结尾。如果篇章是由若干段落所构成的，那么它就可分为引言段、展开段和结论段。在文意上又可分为启（起）、承、转、合四部分。这是英汉语篇章的大同，即二者在篇章总体结构上的共性。同时，英汉篇章也有小异。所?quot;小异"，则指段落构成和语句安排方面的差别。
英语的记叙文，一般是将故事分为开头、中间和结尾三部分，记叙要符合时间、因果和意义为一体的模式结构，也就是说要以时间、地点为连线，以事情的前因后果为逻辑顺序，而意义就要在时间序列和因果序列中加以体现。汉语的记叙文与英语的大体相同，也包括时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果几个要素；叙述可分为顺序、倒叙和插叙（以事物发展的时间序列记叙）。记叙文一方面要将人物事件交代清楚，另一方面又以通过具体的人物形象和感人的事件来感染读者为主旨。
论说文是英汉语中最常见的文体。它对某一规则、现象、原理或某种思想进行解释、说明或辩论，常用的方法是分类、定义、举例、比较、推论等，大都可分为三部分，即提出问题、说明论证和结论。无论是段落中或段落之间都依照逻辑序列展开。
2）篇章翻译
翻译篇章首先要对整个篇章进行两种分析：一是意义分析，或曰内容分析；二是形式分析。意义分析主要是看原文的主题意义是什么，作者有什么样的思想观点，进行人物的形象分析、个性分析以及意境营造、情节发展分析等。同时，还要进行各种关系意义分析，如人物行为与情景，人物与角色等。形式分析除了篇章类型、结构分析外，还应包括段际衔接手段分析和段落修辞分析。篇章结构总的来讲可以分为三类：一是纵向结构，即叙述按事件发生、发展的时间先后或空间分布情形来安排，常见于记叙文和说明文中。二是横向结构，即以材料的性质特征分类讲述，各部分之间呈现平等关系。再就是纵横结合式。篇章结构虽然可以概括出几种模式，但在翻译实践中，译者可能面对的是极富变化的结构，尤其是文学作品。篇章结构是作者文体风格的一部分，自有其形式意义，译者应尽量保留以求形似。同时，篇章结构也显示着作品的脉络，译者必须有所把握，才能有效减少译误。
译者只有在做完上述工作之后才能着手篇章翻译。译时要尽量注意全方位把握原文的形、意、神，更加关注译文的整体效应，所谓大处着眼，小处着手；小单位、低层次服从于大单位、高层次，词（组）从句，句从段，段从篇。在译入语篇章构建过程中，要时刻关注原语篇章中所有的衔接和连贯。此外，译者心中必须明了作者的意向，并在传达时注意恰倒好处地使用翻译方法
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 高中英语必修2课文及段落翻译 修高中英语必修 2 （人教版） Unit1 Cultural relics 第一 单元文化遗产 IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM 寻找琥珀 Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世从 未想过他送个普鲁士人民伟大的礼物会有一点如此惊奇的历史。 这个礼物是因为由几吨琥珀制成而命名的琥珀屋。 这些被挑选的琥珀都有着像蜂蜜一样漂亮的黄棕色。 这间屋的设计是当时最流行的奇特的风格。 这同样是一件花了当时最好的艺术家大约十年用黄金和珠宝修饰 制成的宝物。 In fact, the room was not made to be a gift. It was designed for the palace of Frederick I. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, 1/ 2
1.China—US relationship is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world.Before China and the United States established diplomatic ties,the two countries often found themselves to be changing accusations and abuses.But that didn’t settle anything .Since the establishment of diplomatic ties,particularly since China’s accession to the WTO,the exchanges between China and the United States have become increasingly close and we have carried out frequent dialogues of various forms at all levels.While we did have a fair amount of bitter argument ,both of us had actually benefited from such exchanges.What has happened shows that to maintain long—term dialogue between our two big countries not only benefits the Chinese and American people,but also serves peace and development of the world. 2.The Summer Palace is regarded as the best—preserved imperial garden in the world,and is the largest of its kind in modern—day China.Situated in the northwestern outskirts of Beijing,the palace occupies an area of 290 hectares and consists mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lack.In December 1998,UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.It declared the Summer Palace an “outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese Landscape Garden Design,incorporation the works of humankind and nature in a harmonious whole. 3.The Tang Dynasty,with its capital at Chang’an(present—day Xi’an),which at the time was the most populous city in the world,is generally regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization—equal to ,or surpassing that of ,the earlier Han Dynasty—a golden age of cosmopolitan culture .Its territory,acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers,rivaled that of the Han Dynasty.In two censuses of the 7th and 8th centuries ,the Tang records estimated the population by number of registered households at about 500 million people. 4.This year marks the tenth anniversary of China’s accession to the WTO.During the decade,China’s average tariff level has dropped from 1 5.3 percent to 9.8 percent,which has reached or surpassed the WTO requirements for developing countries.In recent years ,China has developed its economy with focus on stabilizing prices ,adjusting the economic structure ,ensuring people’s well—being ,and promoting harmony.China maintains a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth,adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation.Continued steady and fast growth in China will serve the interest of global economic growth. 5.A key focus is expansion of domestic demand.Here China enjoys one great advantage :its 1.3bn people are keen to work hand in pursuit of a better life and make up a huge domestic market.We will expand consumer demand through initiatives such as the promotion of the IT sector through the expansion of broadband and 4G licences.While focusing on consumption,we will keep a reasonable scale of investment with priority given to energy conservation,environmental protection,railway projects in the central and western regions,and municipal facilities.
段落翻译1 苏州是一个具有悠久丝绸文化历史的城市。它有栽桑、养蚕和织造的传统。苏州的丝绸是皇家贡品。早在唐宋时期就在世界范围内享有盛名。苏州市有自然优势，日照充足，雨量充沛，土壤肥沃。这些给蚕茧的高产和丝的高质量提供了合适的环境。它一直是中国丝绸原料的主要产地和集散中心。 Suzhou is a city with a long history of silk culture. It has a tradition of mulberry planting, silk worm raising, silk reeling and weaving. Suzhou’s silk was an imperial tribute and gained a worldwide reputation from as early as the Tang and Song dynasties. Suzhou city also abounds in natural gifts, abundant sunshine, plentiful rainfall and rich soils, which offer a pleasant environment for rich cocoons and high qualities of silk. It has been the main producing area and the center of collecting & distributing silk, raw materials in China. 段落翻译2 舞龙（dragon dance）是中华文化中一种传统的舞蹈表演表形式。传统上来讲，其表演动作象征着龙的历史地位，展示了力量与尊贵。舞龙起源于汉代。人们认为它最初是作为耕作收成文化的一部分；同时也是一种治病的方法起源。舞龙在宋代已十分盛行，成为了一项民间活动，且最常见于各种节日庆典中。舞龙是世界各地唐人街举办春节庆典的一个重头戏。 Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance performance in Chinese culture. The movements in the performance traditionally symbolize historical roles of dragons, demonstrating power and dignity. The dragon dance originated in the Han Dynasty. It is believed to have begun as part of the farming and harvest culture, also with origins as a method of healing and preventing sickness. It was already a popular event during the Song Dynasty when it had become a folk activity and was most often seen in various festival celebrations. The dragon dance is a highlight of Chinese New Year celebrations held worldwide in Chinatowns around the world. 段落翻译3
The patient-physician interaction proceeds through many pases of clinical reasoning and decision making . The interaction begins with an elucidation of complaints or concerns , followed by inquiries or physical examination , ordering of diagnostic tests , integration of clinical findings with the test results , understanding of the risks and benefits of the possible courses of action , and careful consultation with the patient and family to develop future plans . Physicians increasingly can call on a growing literature of evidence-based medicine to guide the process so that benefit is maximized , while respecting individual variations among different patients. 医患沟通贯穿于临床推论和临床决策的各个阶段.医患沟通始于主诉的阐述或关心的表达,并以越来越精确的方式,通过学问或评估得以继续,这一过程通常需要仔细的病史(采集)和体格检查,安排诊断性实验,并使实验结果与临床发现一体化,以及对可能所采取行动的风险和好处的理解，与病人及其家庭之间细致的商讨以产生将来的计划。医生越来越（趋于）访问日益增多的循证医学文献去指导这个过程，以使取得最大的收益，同时对于不同的病人充分考虑个体的不同变化。 Chapter 8 第四段 Fourth , cognitive impairment increases in prominence as people age. Cognitive impairment is a risk factor for a wide range of adverse outcomes ,including falls , immobilization , dependency , institutionalization , and mortality . Cognitive impairment complicates diagosis and requires additional care giving to ensure safety . Chapter 21 第六段 A new device for visualizing the entire gastrointestinal mucosa consists of a small camera in an ingestable capsule that transmits images to receivers attached to the patient~s abdomen diagnostic yield of capsule enteroscopy is not yet clear,but this approach may potentially visualize segments of the small bowel that were previously inaccessible . No therapeutic maneuvers are possible with the device.
Unit2 Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency Unit3 Commitment among parents is a key ingredient in the Hyde mixture. For the student to gain admission, parents also must agree to accept and demonstrate the school's philosophies and outlook. The parents agree in writing to meet monthly in one of 20 regional groups, go to a yearly three-day regional retreat, and spend at least three times a year in workshops, discussion groups and seminars at Bath. Parents of Maine students have an attendance rate of 95% in the many sessions. Joe and Malcolm Gauld both say children tend to do their utmost when they see their parents making similar efforts. The biggest obstacle for many parents, they say, is to realize their own weaknesses. Unit4 The Statue of Liberty In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called Liberty Enlightening the World, a monument celebrating US independence and the France-America alliance. At the same time, he was in love with a woman whom he had met in Canada. His mother could not approve of her son's affection for a woman she had never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876. That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statue's right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia. It is said that he had used his wife's arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue. He needed someone whose face represented suffering yet strength, someone more severe than beautiful. He chose his mother. Unit6 Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are learning a great deal about how the large plates in the earth's crust move, the stresses between plates,
这几段翻译中有几段比较难，建议大家练习时不要气馁，一定养成完整翻译的习惯，对不会表达的词或句子片段，可以以类似的表达来替代，注意整段译文的完整性。一定要先自己试着翻完，再去看参考答案。 1.过去的七年，中国的房地产（real estate）业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。 In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities. 2.现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。 College students now bear heavy academic pressure. You will find them----except seniors who are beginning to look for a job----always to busy in studies to join campus organizations, too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities, too busy to share interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention anything that is connected with their studies. They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people. The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and health. 3.上海是中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息和文化中心。作为一座历史文化名城，上海以她独特的风韵吸引了数以百万的海内外游客。上海同时也是美食家的乐园，尤其是上海的本帮菜，特别是受到海外人士的青睐。最引人入胜的建筑当属黄浦江畔的东方明珠塔。登上观光层，或俯视浦江对岸的外滩万国建筑博览群，或举目鸟瞰全市，无限风光，尽收眼底，令人心旷神怡，流连忘返。 Shanghai is China’s important center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture. As a noted historic and cultural city, Shanghai attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad with its unique charm. Shanghai is also a cherished paradise gourmets; its local cuisine enjoys particular popularity among overseas visitors. The most attractive work of architecture is no other than the Oriental Pearl Tower standing by the bank of the Huangpu River. Mounting the observation floor and looking around, you’ll admire the view of the famous Bund
Unit one 12 I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home. 我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。 13 The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. 另一项要求是体力――相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。 14 How much longer we'll have enough energy to stay on here is anybody's guess -- perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not. When the time comes, we'll leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what we've been able to accomplish. We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too. We've invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today. But this is not a good time to sell. Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again. 没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久--也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。 15 We didn't move here primarily to earn money though. We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives. When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I know we've found just what we were looking for. 但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。 Unit two 4 Y et this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom. 但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚·亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造，承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸，技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责，除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility under this Sub-Clause.