The Analysis of Main Characters Pip, the protagonist of Great Expectation,is an orphan and he lives a humble existence with his hot-tempered sister and her strong but gentle husband, a blacksmith named Joe Gargery. In such a living condition, we can easily imagine that how poor life little Pip lives. Besides, he can’t be a healthy boy both in mind ad in body. From this book, we can infer that there are three most important periods which affect Pip’s characters apparently in his life. First period: he is a boy and then he becomes apprenticed to Joe when he grows up. Second period: he is sent to accept the gentlemen education and what he does there. Third period: his benefactor appears and his great expectation is shattered. It is in those three periods that his characters change greatly. I would like to analyze them one period by one period. In the first period, he has kind of good qualities, such as endurance, sympathy, and ambition. For his endurance, there are some good examples. Finishing reading he the whole book, we can clearly know that Pip is a poor orphan. And nobody cares his feelings except Joe, therefore, he adapts himself to others’ blame and obey their order as if these are his duties. For example, when he is threatened by Magwitch, a prisoner, and he is forced to get some food and a file from his sister’s house, no doubt, he does it as what the prisoner demands and keeps it a secret after that. Perhaps, he guess that if he tells it to his sister and Joe, they will not believe in him and they will not be able to protect him from being hurt by that horrible man. Another example, when he is brought to Miss Havisham’s splendid house, seeing the gloomy and big house, and Miss Havisham’s pale faces, even more, Estella’s laughing and indifference, he faces these bravely. And after he comes back, he pretends to have a good time them when his sister asked him. Still does he visit them once a week on Saturday without an exception. In addition, he helps Magwitch, he gets more food as much as possible for him although he is unwilling to steal food and that file. At the end of the story, after he knows the truth that Miss Havisham always takes advantage of him to revenge what she suffers those years by a man named Compeyson, he doesn’t abandon her. On the contrary, he visits her
like before out of sympathy. What’s more, he has a great ambition of being a gentleman. After he meets Estella, and from then on, he becomes eager to acquire more knowledge. From the book, we know he leans from a kind-hearted girl Betty in order to have more chances to get access to her. Although he fails to win her love, he never forgets this ambition. In the second period, and it is a period of great changes of his life. At this time, he is an adult, and really some great changes occurs on him. He is no longer the one like before. To some extent, he becomes in disciplined and selfish in such a fine condition, which he himself is not aware of. He begins to use money casually and generously, which leads to his great debts beyond his ability to pay back, while he can’t help using that up quickly. His character is his selfishness. After he reaches London, he starts a new lifestyle, and he can’t wait to become one member of the upper class. And because of this, he soon forgets his sister, Joe and other ralatives ad friends. Especially, when Joe writes a letter and tells him that he will come to visit him, but Pip rejects with a good excuse, which hurts Joe a lot. Despite this bad character, he also has a good one, and that is his loyalty and kindness to his best friend. As we know, during this luxurious life in London, he meets a young man who is his playmate Herbert. Then he develop friendship with him, and he always helps him with money and other things as long as he can. In the last period, that is his repentance after knowing his wrong doing before. He thanks for Magwitch for his kindness and makes every effort to help him escape. Later, when Magwitch is sentenced to death, he doesn’t abandon him, oppositely, he takes good care of him during that hard time, until Magwitch passed away. What he does properly shows us that he doesn’t totally lose his way. Recovering from his illness, he begins his new career with his friend Hebert though his great expectation is shattered. In a way, such an action indicates that he own a strong will in his inner side, which can’t be defeated easily. During the process of his growth, this is the very character I appreciate. As the story itself shows that he is an orphan brought up by his sister, maybe it is just a dream for him and his family. However, he doesn’t bend to the fate, and finally he becomes a real gentleman as Magwicth hopes. For a man, that kind of pursuit is a big challenge. I
wonder if you pay attention to his pursuit of love when you read this story. In my point of view, he really loves Estella. Although she laughs at and makes jokes on him, even regardless of his proposal she marries another man upon whom he looks down for his poor quality, and he never stop his pursuit of her—his true love.
After finishing reading this story, we can definitely make a conclusion that Estella is a role full of irony. Although she is adopted by a rich woman Miss Havisham, and she acquires the best lady education, she can’t change the fact that she belongs to the lowest class for her father’s sake. Also what education she gets serves as a tool to break men’s hearts as Miss Havisham planed. Even as a child, she looks down upon others who seems to be poor and ignorant, because she thinks that she is brought up by Miss Havisham, so she is superior to them. Therefore, others should bend to her as if they are her tool if she is not happy or she feels lonely. However, as far as I am concerned, actually she is the poorest one. Even though she lives a rather rich life, she doesn’t understand that Miss Havisham considers her as her tool to break men’s hearts. Naturally, in that kind of gloomy environment, gradually she becomes cold, indifference, and arrogant. For example, she is cold to Pip all the time. I can’t say that she doesn’t understand Pip’s love, but as it is, she still can’t accept him because of her arrogance and coldness. For her, maybe she thinks that love should be based on fine wealth and high social status. And she would not like to marry to a man without these two. Another example, when Miss Havisham refuses her requirement of marring to a rich man, she doesn’t care about what Miss Havisham’s feelings and quarrels with her and leaves her resolutely. This example shows us her indifference to people, especially the one who once brought her up. However, she is not a total tool as Miss Havisham hopes. Especially, after she suffers a lot during her unlucky marriage. As she tells Pip in the end of this story, ―now, when suffering has been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart used to be. I have been bent and broken, but –I hope- into a better shape. ‖from these words, we can infer that she changes a lot and becomes more mature and wilder than before. Perhaps experiences is the best lecture than we have ever had before.
Joe is the very person that I really like. He is a blacksmith in a small village, however, he has more good qualities than those who have high social status. Such as Miss Havisham, and Jaggers who is Miss Havisham’s lawyer. Joe is king-hearted, generous, loyal, and honest. At the very beginning of this story, we find that he is the only person who cares Pip so much. I just can’t imagine if there is no Joe, how miserable life poor Pip will suffer. As we get, his wife is a hot-tempered woman, and she is the host of this family. Whatever she does to him, Joe never lose his temper and never scold her. After she lose her ability to live after that accident, he looks after her patiently without any complains. In the world, we know, he is the only person that is willing to do anything for Pip. Even though Pip hurts him again and again, he forgets him and still cares him like before. These kinds of good qualities also have an effect o Pip during the process of his growth. Another character of his I also like very much, and that is his sense of satisfaction. Although his wife is hot-tempered and not beautiful at all in Pip’s word, Joe always tells Pip that his wife is very beautiful and diligent. Another example, as a blacksmith, he doesn’t feel shameful as Pip thinks, and he never intend to change his job, and he remains this kind of lifestyle. And these examples indicate that he is satisfied with his wife, his job, and this kid of satisfaction seems to bring him what he wants. Other people may not as happy as he is although they have enough wealth.
I don’t intend to refer to his commitment when he was young, for ―no one is perfect‖. The most important thing is that he knows how to make up. When he is caught by policemen and deports at the very beginning of the story, he tries to make money as much as possible to requite Pip for his favor. It is he that left all his money to Pip ad makes him a gentleman. From this, we clearly understand Magwitch more, except his commitment, he is grateful to those who have helped him when he is in trouble. As a prisoner, he is different from the others because he has a great goal. and he plans to make a real gentleman different from Compeyson, who is a so-called gentleman. In order to prove that he himself is better than Compeyson, he makes Pip a gentleman no matter how hard life he will face. Fortunately, he realizes his dream.
摘要:本文深入细致的分析了狄更斯《远大前程》一文中的主要人物皮普的生活经历与心路历程,揭示了英国维多利亚时代人与人之间赤裸裸的金钱关系,展现了生活在那个时代的底层民众的生存状态。 关键词:狄更斯远大前程皮普人物性格 《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯艺术生涯后期最具代表性的长篇小说。小说描述了一个名为皮普的孤儿的生活经历和心路发展历程,艺术的揭示了这位孤儿从对幸福生活的期望到幻想破灭的整个过程。在这本书中“,远大前程”是一句反话,并不是真的指孤儿皮普有什么远大的前程,而恰恰是指的一种“幻灭”,一种幻想的幻灭。但如果读者只是把本书理解成一本描写孤儿幻想破灭的书,那就误解也低估了作者的本意,作者是要在对孤儿皮普的描述中展现19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活,揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶。主人公皮普自幼就失去了父母,作者在小说的开始以第一人称的口吻这样叙述着主人公的身世“:我说皮利普是我父亲的姓,那是有根据的,因为我父亲的墓碑上刻着他的姓,而且我姐姐也这么说。我姐姐嫁给了铁匠乔·葛奇里,现在是葛奇里夫人了。至于我,从来没有见到过父亲和母亲,也没有看到过他们两位的照片。”从这里我们可以了解到,这样一个自幼由嫁给铁匠的姐姐抚养长大的孤儿,在那个时代是不可能获得什么太好的教育的。教育的缺失和家境的情况使得幼年的皮普把姐夫当做理想的奋斗目标。而事实上,在这个由姐姐掌握大权的家里,姐夫也是唯一可以“以诚相待,推心置腹”的人。而“一手”抚养他长大的姐姐呢“,我的姐姐乔·葛奇里夫人比我要年长二十多岁。她一直说我是由她一手带大的,因此在左邻右舍享有很大名气,倍受夸奖。从小我就想了解这里的“一手”究竟是什么含义。我所知道的她的手,是结实笨重而又冷酷严厉的,因为她特别喜欢把她的巴掌打在她丈夫的身上,当然也喜欢打在我的身上。我想乔·葛奇里和我就是这样由她一手带大的吧。”读者可以在字里行间读出作者的良苦用心,但即使在这样充满了暴力的家庭里长大,皮普依然保持着天真、质朴的性格,文中作者还特意用一段对吃面包的描述来展示皮普的天真可爱“:在吃晚餐时,我们有个习惯,要比较一下吃面包的速度,不时地悄悄拿起所啃的面包比一下,并且相互会心地表示赞美。这样,我们啃面包就越啃越有劲。”幼年的皮普也是善良的,这一点即使是在面对逃犯时也未曾改变,也正是这种善良为他日后的命运埋下了伏笔。哈维莎姆小姐的出现,彻底改
The story is divided into three phases of Pip's life expectations. The first "expectation" is allotted 19 chapters, and the other two 20 chapters each in the 59-chapter work. In some editions, the chapter numbering reverts to Chapter One in each expectation, but the original publication and most modern editions number the chapters consecutively from one to 59. At the end of chapters 19 and 39, readers are formally notified that they have reached the conclusion of a phase of Pip's expectations. In the first expectation, Pip lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband, Joe Gargery. Pip is satisfied with this life and his warm friends until he is hired by an embittered wealthy woman, Miss Havisham, as an occasional companion to her and her beautiful but haughty adopted daughter, Estella. From that time on, Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a gentleman. After years as companion to Miss Havisham and Estella, he spends more years as an apprentice to Joe, so that he may grow up to have a livelihood working as a blacksmith. This life is suddenly turned upside down when he is visited by a London attorney, Mr. Jaggers, who informs Pip that he is to come into the "Great Expectation" of a handsome property and be trained to be a gentleman at the behest of an anonymous benefactor. The second stage of Pip's expectations has Pip in London, learning the details of being a gentlemen, having tutors, fine clothing, and joining cultured society. Whereas he always engaged in honest labour when he was younger, he now is supported by a generous allowance, which he frequently lives beyond. He learns to fit in this new milieu, and experiences not only friendship but rivalry as he finds himself in the same circles as Estella, who is also pursued by many other men, especially Bentley Drummle, whom she favours. As he adopts the physical and cultural norms of his new status, he also adopts the class attitudes that go with it, and when Joe comes to visit Pip and his friend and roommate Herbert to deliver an important message, Pip is embarrassed to the point of hostility by Joe's unlearned ways, despite his protestations of love and friendship for Joe. At the end of this stage, Pip is introduced to his benefactor, again changing his world. The third and last stage of Pip's expectations alters Pip's life from the artificially supported world of his upper class strivings and introduces him to realities that he realizes he must deal with, facing moral, physical and financial challenges. He learns startling truths that cast into doubt the values that he once embraced so eagerly, and finds that he cannot regain many of the important things that he had cast aside so carelessly. The current ending of the story is different from Dickens's original intent, in which the ending matched the gloomy reverses to Pip's fortunes that typify the last expectation. Dickens was prevailed upon to change the ending to one more acceptable to his readers'
Great Expectations Charles Dickens Pip,a young orphan lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband,Joe a Christmas Eve,Pip helps a convict who escaped from a prison ship by giving him some food and a day,Pip gets invited unexpectedly to the house of a rich old woman in the village named Miss Havisham is an old woman who was abandoned on her wedding day , so she raise her adoped daughter Estella as a cruel-hearted girl who will break men's is beautiful, and Pip develops a strong crush on her, but she treats him coldly and that time on, Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a one day Pip is given a large fortune from a secret benefactor and get a chance of education to become a many years Pip has led a fairly undisciplined life in London, enjoying themselves and running up debts,and finally becomes a selfish and peacockery lasts until one day,Pip learns the true identity of his benefactor——it is not Miss Havisham (who has made many misleading comments indicating it was her) but rather a petty criminal named Magwitch who is the convict Pip helped in his is he that left all his money to Pip in gratitude for that kindness and also because young Pip reminded him of his own is appalled, but he feels morally bound to help Magwitch escape London, as the convict is pursued both by the police and by his former partner in Magwitch’s escape attempt, Estella marries an upper-class lout. Also,they are discovered by the police and captured to the jail, because of their convict partner's tipping by now is devoted to Magwitch and recognizes in him a good and noble man and Pip has discovered that Magwitch is actually Estella's money or expectations, Pip, after a period of bad illness during which Joe cares for decides to go abroad in the mercantile trade. Returning many years later, he encounters divorced Estella in the ruined garden at Satis House. Pip finds that Estella’s coldness and cruelty have been replaced by a sad kindness, and the two leave the garden hand in hand, Pip believing that they will never part again. Plot summary: Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens Philip Pirrip, who is known as Pip because, not surprisingly, he finds it difficult to pronounce his name, has a terrifying childhood experience in a
the Great Expectation story is divided into three phases of Pip's life expectations. Now i will introduce you the second phase and then have a brief study of the Bible’s influence on the characterization of two people in the book - havisham and Joe gargery. The second stage of Pip's expectations has Pip in London, learning the details of being a gentlemen, having tutors, fine clothing, and joining cultured society. Whereas he always engaged in honest labour when he was younger, he now is supported by a generous allowance given by the attorney Mr.Jaggers, which he frequently lives beyond. He learns to fit in this new milieu, and experiences not only friendship but rivalry as he finds himself in the same circles as Estella, who is also pursued by many other men, especially Bentley Drummle, whom she favours. As he adopts the physical and cultural norms of his new status, he also adopts the class attitudes that go with it, and when Joe comes to visit Pip and his friend and roommate Herbert to deliver an important message, Pip is embarrassed to the point of hostility by Joe's unlearned ways, despite his protestations of love and friendship for Joe. During this time, He learns that 20 years ago, havisham was swindled a large amount of money by brother Arthur and her fiance compeyson, thus became dispirited and dwell on the past memories. Pip asks why the fiance didn’t marry her to get the assets instead of choosing to obtain the half wealth sharing with her brother,Herbert explains that it is perhaps because the fiance was a married man,if he married havisham,his wife and arthur would conspire to expose his deceit,which would make him lose the trust and assets from havisham,so he has to give in.At the end of this stage, Pip is introduced to his benefactor, again changing his world. He turns out to be the outlaw who pip once helped and offers the story from a different perspective:he is another accomplice of the tragedy.under the guidance of compeyson,he and compeyson’s wife killed arthur and grabbed his assets to do some illegal trade. Later they got arrested imprisoned. The outlaw’s wife who was charged with a murder just delivered the daughter estella, the attorney of miss havisham helped her to escape the imprisonment , in return , estella was sent to havisham.threatened with the future of the outlaw and their daughter ,the wife had to be the attorney’s slave for over 20 years. 在希伯来圣经中所讲述的早期的以色列文化中，“女性从属”的普遍性已经是一个不争的事实。它不仅存在于社会和经济安排的各个地方，同时也渗透在社会发展的各个阶段。“女性从属”不仅指她们的价值观和地位是从属的，次等的，而且她们的生命和身体也是被男人们所控制的。在这种文化背景中，女性生来就在性格上处于弱势，而且当遇到困难时，她们缺乏抗争和自救的能力。这就是为什么她们要么屈服，要么采取一些极端的行为。但不管结果如何，她们并没有真正报复到她们要报复的人，相反地，却伤害了自己。 In the israeli culture of early stage described by hebrew Bible ,women’s subordinate status is a very obvious fact , it not only exists in all aspects of social and economic arrangements, but also permeates into each phase of social development. Female inferiority means their value and status are subordinate,second-rated ,as well as that their bodies and lives are controlled by men. Under such cultural circumstance, women were born to be weak in personality.when in trouble, they lack the ability to fight back and save themselves. That is why they either give in or take some extreme actions to revenge. But however the result is they don’t revenge against the true enemy, hurting themselves instead. 狄更斯作为一个虔诚的基督徒，他的小说也深受这种思想的影响。“女性不是以自己的价值而存在，而是成为男性的附属品，成为男性价值的一种标志。”[7] 《远大前程》的郝薇香小姐的例子极好地表明了狄更斯的宗教观在小说创作中的影响。小说中郝薇香小姐因怪异的服装、不同寻常的生活方式以及独特的经历深深地吸引着读者。她是一位处在上层阶级中的单纯而又傲慢的女士。她疯狂地爱上了温培森，但她又如何能知道温培森真正在意的是她的财产。因此在结婚当晚，当她被抛弃时，她根本无法接受这一沉重的打击，从而过着痛苦的生活。多年后，当匹普第一次看到郝薇香小姐时，她仍然穿着结婚当天所穿的衣服，
匹普的姐夫乔，村里的铁匠。心地善良，是《远大前程》小说中为数不多的几个完全正面的人物之一。虽然乔是个没有受过教育的粗人，但是他做任何事都是为了自己所爱的人．他默默地承受着匹普对他的冷漠。 匹普的姐姐，乔的妻子，在小说中一直被称为"乔大嫂"。在匹普和乔的眼里，她严厉苛刻、横行霸道。她总是把家里打扫得一尘不染，经常拿起被她称为"抓痒棍"的手杖威胁自己的丈夫和弟弟。她还强迫他们喝一种叫柏油水的气味难闻的药水。她心胸狭隘、野心勃勃，最大的愿望就是成为更有身份和地位的人，而不仅仅是乡村铁匠的妻子。 贾格斯，一位颇有势力、令人生畏的律师。作为伦敦最有名气的刑事律师之一，他参与了一些肮脏的交易。他与邪恶的罪犯串通，甚至连这些罪犯也惧怕他。但他不仅只是拥有难以捉摸的外表。他似乎很关心匹普，并且在小说中的故事开始前，帮助郝薇香收养了孤儿艾丝黛拉。在他身上，总有一股很浓的香皂味儿：他一遍又一遍地洗手，想从心理上使自己免受罪恶的玷污。 赫伯特，匹普第一次见到赫伯特是在沙堤斯庄园的花园里。当时他是个面色白净的少年，他向匹普挑衅，俩人打了一架。许多年后，他们在伦敦再次相遇。匹普成为绅士后，赫伯特成了他最好的朋友和主要的伙伴，他亲切地叫匹普"汉德尔"。他是郝薇香小姐的表兄马修·赫伯特的儿子，渴望成为商人，以便能有足够的钱迎娶克莱拉·巴利。 威米克，贾格斯律师事务所的职员，匹普的朋友。他是《远大前程》中最匪夷所思的人物之一。在工作时，他勤奋努力、玩世不恭、好挖苦人，特别喜欢"动产"；而在沃尔鄂斯家中，他快活、幽默，细心照料他的"老爹爹"。 比蒂，一个性格单纯、心地善良的乡村女孩。她是在与匹普一同上学时成为他的朋友的。乔大嫂被袭击并瘫痪后，毕蒂搬到匹普家帮助乔照顾她。在小说的大多数章节中，她代表的是艾丝黛拉的对立面：她相貌平平，待人友好，做事遵守道德，与匹普属于同一社会阶层。 奥立克，乔铁匠铺里的帮工，他懒散、愚笨，是邪恶的化身。奥立克恶毒、狡黠，以伤害别人为乐趣。他袭击了乔大嫂，后来又险些把匹普置于死地。 艾丝黛拉，由郝薇香小姐监护的一位漂亮姑娘，是匹普一直追求但却难以实现的梦想。匹普深爱着她，尽管有时艾斯黛拉偶尔也会把匹普当做朋友，但通常对他都是冷漠无情、不感兴趣的。随着他们一起长大，艾斯黛拉一次又一次地警告匹普，说自己是个没有心的人。 郝薇番小姐，一位富有而性情古怪的女人，住在匹普家村子附近一个叫沙堤斯庄园的大房子里。她性格狂躁，常常使人觉得她精神不正常。她总是穿着一件褪了色的结婚礼服在屋子里走来走去，桌上摆放着早已腐烂的宴席，屋里所有的钟表都停在8点40分。年轻时，郝薇香小姐在结婚当天被未婚夫抛弃。从此，她对所有的男人都充满仇恨。她有意把艾丝黛拉培养成报复男人的工具，训练这位漂亮的被监护人去伤男人们的心。 马格韦契，那个从监狱逃出来，中墓地恐吓匹普的可怕的罪犯。但是匹普善良的行为给他留下深刻印象。随后他拼命赚钱，用赚来的钱帮助匹普进入上流社会。他通过贾格斯律师暗中资助匹普，让匹普在伦敦接受教育，过上富有的生活。他是艾丝黛拉的父亲。 潘波趣，匹普自负傲慢．的舅舅。(实际上，他是乔的舅舅，匹普的"舅公"，但匹普和姐姐都叫他"潘波趣舅舅"。)他是个视钱如命的商人。他安排了匹普与郝薇香小姐的第一次
摘要：本文从分析作者狄更斯本人入手，通过《雾都孤摘要：本文从分析作者狄更斯本人入手，通过《雾都孤儿》来讨论和分析小说中的四种人物；再分析书中两对有感情联系的男女，引出作者的写作模式，以及特定的环境下产生特定人物的写作方式。 关键词：《雾都孤儿》人物分析 一、对狄更斯本人和作品的介绍 （一）作者简介1812年2月7日，查尔斯·狄更斯，杰出的批判现实主义作家，生于英国。9岁，父亲因无法偿还债务入狱。11岁，狄更斯辍学做工厂学徒。后父亲继承一笔遗产，得以出狱，狄更斯亦重返学校。毕业后，他先后在律师行、报馆工作。1836年起，他发表了一系列经典作品，如《匹克威克外传》、《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》、《艰难时代》、《双城记》、《远大前程》等。1870年6月9日，狄更斯因脑溢血与世长辞，后被葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人角。 （二）《雾都孤儿》简介主人公奥利弗·特威斯特受不了虐待逃往伦敦，刚到就受骗误入贼窝。小偷头目费金要把奥利弗训练成扒手。在上街盗窃时奥利弗被误认为偷了布朗洛绅士的手绢而被逮捕。后他重病昏迷，被布朗洛收留，得到温暖与关怀。费金指使塞克斯和南希把奥利弗重新拐回贼窝。再次作案时，奥利弗被误伤。梅里夫人和养女罗斯收留了他。蒙克斯是奥利弗同父异母的哥哥，父亲把遗产留给了奥利弗，除非奥利弗也是不肖之子，蒙克斯才能继承财产。蒙克斯找到费金，要他把奥利弗变成罪犯以霸占遗产。南希通知了罗斯。罗斯和布朗洛决定找蒙克斯交涉，南希却被塞克斯杀害。小偷团伙受到灭顶之灾。布朗洛先生收养了奥利弗，蒙克斯死在狱中 。二、小说中主人公的分类在小说中，人物丰富各异，在狄更斯笔下，他们个个有血有肉，言行举止符合自己身份，表现伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。我把主要人物分为四类：好人、坏人、伪君子和良心未泯的角色。 （一）好人在狄更斯作品中，好人仁慈、诚实、中规中矩。他们笃信上帝，每天祷告。如发生不幸，他们向上帝祈祷、哭泣，希望得到主的帮助。如好事发生，他们仍会哭泣，认为这是来自于上帝的赐福。这类角色好到家了，但绝对没有邪恶的角色那样生动自然。而狄更斯更有一套幸福大结局的模式。好人曾随着故事的发展饱受痛苦折磨，最终有所回报。比如罗斯和梅里夫人，她俩就是好人的典型。当梅里夫人得知罗斯不会死的时候，她感到非常幸福。“她跪下来，尽力想把手合在一块儿，然而支撑了她那么久的毅力已经随着第一声感恩祈祷一起飞向天国。她倒在了伸开双臂接住她的朋友怀抱里。”（33章）女士如此，绅士也如此。知道罗斯身体好起来后，哈利和凯尔先生也异常兴奋。“这功夫，头戴白色睡帽的凯尔先生一直坐在马车踏板上，胳膊肘支在膝盖上，用一张蓝底白花的不手绢不住地擦眼睛。这个诚实耿直的汉子并不是假装动了感情，这一点完全可以从他红肿的眼睛上看出来。”（34章）好人因为爱和仁慈，愿意为他人做任何事。而奥利弗，有着狄更斯小说典型的幸福结局。身为孤儿，经历了甚至比某些成人还多的痛苦。但最后，他有了父亲、小姨、好朋友和财富。（二）坏人本小说里有许多坏人。从济贫院到贫民窟，环境改变，恶人一直存在，他们是这环境里的主宰，环境是他们罪恶的温床。这些恶人形象生动又典型。好人有模式可循，可坏人各有各的特点。老费金，狡猾奸诈又自私，他利用小孩偷东西敛财。“‘啊哈。’费金耸了耸肩，令人恶心地咧着嘴笑起来，把整个脸扭歪了。‘好聪明的小狗。好聪明的小狗。还真撑到底没告诉牧师东西在哪。也没告发老费金……’”（9章）塞克斯是个粗俗、残忍、铁石心肠的人。虽然南希深爱着他，他最终只因为她的一次背叛就残忍地杀害了她。“那强盗坐下来，鼓着鼻孔，胸口一起一伏，照她打量了几秒钟，接着，他卡住姑娘的头和脖子，将她
The great expectation of Pip and Magwitch We all know that chapter 39 is the turning point of the whole novel. Pip knows that his sponsor is not Miss Havisham, but the escaped prisoner Magwitch, who is saved by Pip. This truth makes Pip’s great expectation shattered. From the context, we can see that “the great expectation” is a kind of ambition from both Pip and Magwitch. It is such an ambition that hold up the life of both two people and bring a lot of change to their character. And the ambition is also the indication of one’s life. First, let’s see Pip’s ambition. Although the text don’t illustrate it clearly, we can infer from several details. At the beginning of the text, Pip states that “I had a taste for reading, and read regularly so many hours a day.” This state can fully demonstrate that Pip has a strong eager to learn knowledge, which means that he wants to become a real gentleman in the upper class. And when Pip is told that his benefactor is Magwitch, rather than Miss Havisham. He is shocked, disappointed as well as heart-broken. He repeats “Estella, Estella”, which tells us that his intention to become a gentleman was because of Estella, he wants to be able to match with her. From the above, we can conclude that Pip’s ambition
Social class played a major role in the society depicted in Charles Dickens's Great Expectations. Social class determined the manner in which a person was treated and their access to education. Yet, social class did not define the character of the individual. Many characters were treated differently because of their social class in Great Expectations. Seeing the contrast between how the poor and the rich were treated will give a clearer understanding of how much social class mattered. In chapter 27 when Joe comes to see Pip, he treats Joe in a different manner than before because Joe was now in a lower social class. His feelings about Joe's arrival were "Not with pleasure... I had the sharpest sensitiveness as to his being seen by Drummle." (p. 203). He was afraid that Drummle will look down on him because of Joe's lower class. Not only does Pip treat Joe differently, Joe also treats Pip differently because of their difference in social class. He begins to call Pip "sir" which bothered him because "sir" was the title given to people of higher class. Pip felt that they were still good friends and that they should treat each other as equals. Joe soon leaves and explains his early parting, "Pip, dear old chap, life is made of ever so many partings welded together, as I may say, and one man's a blacksmith, and one's a whitesmith, and one's a goldsmith, and one's a coppersmith. Diwisions among such must come...." (p. 209). He creates this metaphor than he is a common blacksmith and Pip is a goldsmith. This difference in social class had brought upon their separation. Other characters that were also judged by their social class were Magwitch and Compeyson. They were both on trial for the same crime but Compeyson got off easier than Magwitch because of his higher social class. Magwitch describes Compeyson's defense speech, ."..here you has afore you, side by side, two persons as your eyes can separate wide; one, the younger, well brought up... one; the elder, ill brought up... which is the worst one?" (p. 325). The decision of the trial was solely based upon social class appearance. These cases show how much social class really mattered. In Great Expectations, a person's social class determined the amount of education they had. It is important to perceive this relationship between education and social class to clearly understand the importance of social class. A person like Joe who was a common blacksmith had no education at all. Pip, in the early days when he was low class, had a poor education at a small school. The school was not the best of schools, but it's all that the lower class had. The teacher spent more time sleeping than teaching and Pip had learned more from Biddy than from the actual teacher. Even though he had an education when he was low class, his education as a gentleman with Mr. Pocket was much greater. Another example of how social class affects education is the difference of education between the two convicts. Magwitch, born poor and low class had no education at all while Compeyson, born rich was high class and a gentleman with an education. Education is a factor in showing how social class greatly determined people's lives. Even though social class determined many things, it did not establish a person's true inner
论文大纲 一、序论 （一）、中心论题：分析小说《远大前程》中女性人物的形象、地位及她们悲惨命运的成因。 （二）、写作意图：狄更斯小说《远大前程》旨在开导、教化人们从善，本文通过对小说中女性人物分析，进一步引导女性朋友正确选择自己的人生道路。 二、本论 （一）、引言 1、简述小说《远大前程》中主人公的人生经历，并阐明小说是紧紧围绕人道主义思想来写。 2、引出两部文献中分别对《远大前程》作出的点评，并概述自己的观点。 3、阐明本文写作意图及中心论题。 （二）、主题 1、小说中女性的形象分析。 （1）、分别对小说中主要女性人物形象进行分析点评。 （2）、引用文献资料进行全面阐述。 （3）、通过对比文献资料阐明自己的观点。 2、小说中女性的地位。 （1）、引出文献王新春在作品《笼中鸟》中对小说女性地位的总评。 （2）、阐明自己的观点，对女性地位进行分析。 （3）、引出许多读者对狄更斯是否对女性地位持有偏见的质疑，分析对比阐述自己观点。 3、小说中女性人物对主人公的影响。 （1）、引出文献李宇荣指出狄更斯小说是以人物为中心写作，因此《远大前程》中的几位主要女性都是围绕主人公皮普展开描写的。 三、结论 总结本文所写主题，再次归纳所有评论家的观点，阐述自己的主见，并呼应开头，再次点题。 浅析《远大前程》中的女性人物 一、引言： 《远大前程》是英国小说家狄更斯的晚年作品，小说主要讲述了主人公皮普人生的三个阶段，从小的时候对上层阶级生活的憧憬、羡慕开始，到他成为“上等人”，最后又恢复到下层阶级淳朴劳动者的身份。小说中劳动者的淳朴形象与当时英国上流阶级人们的自私形象形成鲜明的对比，作者狄更斯抓住人道主义的观点来批判当时的社会，其中女性所遭受的磨难，她们对爱情、婚姻的绝望以及她们道德的沦丧与最终远大前程的破灭有着密切的关系。作家王新春在试析《远大前程》的女性形象中点评狄更斯的小说是以深刻的笔触去揭示资本主义社会的各种弊端，强烈刻画了下层人民的悲惨生活。郭春林却点评说：“狄更斯之所以生动