初中英语否定句用法归纳
一、用一般否定词not，否定了英语中的绝大多数句子。
1、对be动词的否定，在后面加上not。
He is not a student.
2、对谓语动词的否定，根据人称和时态在前面加上助动词don't, doesn't, didn't。
He didn't watch TV last night.
3、对助动词的否定，在后面加上not。
He has not been to Shanghai before.
除了可以用作情态动词外，还可以用作普通的的否定：、对5need, dareneeddare 和行为动词，即除的否定形式。在实际don't need to了上表中的否定形式外，还有和don't dare to运用中需注意。
，6have的否定：、对has/have not在现在完成时中为助动词，其否定形式在后面加上作为“有”的意haven't，但该用法在课本中没有思，其否定形式也可以在后面加hasn't，即not和出现。所以，不管作为什么意思，只要不是用作助动词构成现在完成时，其否定形式一律用have don't/doesn't/didn't have。．
7、不定式的否定：在前面加上not。即：ask / tell /…sb not to do sth。
8、动名词的否定：在前面加上not。即：worry about not doing。
9、祈使句的否定：在句首加上Don't。如有please，在please后面加上don't。Please don't talk in class.
各种时态肯定句变否定句变化形式如下：
☆特别提醒：肯定句变否定句有些词需作变动。
肯定句否定句
some any
or and
either too yet already
二、通过绝对否定词否定。此类词如下：
never, no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, neither, neither…
nor…, no
more, no longer。
☆特别提醒：
1、绝对否定词no相当于not…any…。
如no=not any, never=not ever, nothing=not anything, nowhere= not anywhere。
I have no money. = I don't have any money.
I could see nothing in the dark. = I couldn't see anything in the dark.
2、Neither…nor…连接句子的主语，谓语动词需用“就近原则”。
Neither he nor I know the secret.我和他都不知道这个秘密。
三、通过不完全否定词否定。不完全否定句是含有little, few, seldom, hardly, rarely,
barely scarcely
等不完全否定词的句子。它们都含有“几乎没有”的意思，都属于否定句。little, few, hardly, seldom和前面的never合在一起就是我们常说的“五大否定词”。
He can hardly swim, can he
She has never been to Shanghai, has she
在完全否定句和不完全否定句中，表示完全否定的副词和表示不完全否定的副词如果置于句首，
一般都要半倒装。如：
Never have I thought of such a strange idea.我从来没有想到过这样的念头。Rarely have I seen such a wonderful sight.这么美的景色我很少看见过。☆特别提醒：该考点为高中内容，仅作参考。
四、英语否定的另一个常见表达方式就是用否定词缀，包括否定前缀和否定后缀。但它们并不构成
否定句，全句仍是肯定句，只是否定形式的肯定句。
He is unhappy.
She is dishonest.
五、部分否定
not跟all, always, both, every ( -body, -one, -thing, -where)连用, 表示部分否定。如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。
并非他们两个都对。 Both of them are not correct.
I don't know all of the boys over there.
I can't see everybody in the meeting room.
☆特别提醒：无论not在这些词的前面还是后面，都表示部分否定。
六、排除否定
也是一种部分否定，句子使用了表示排除的介词，如except, but, but for 等。
介词后面的部分不包含
在排除之内。
Everyone is ready for the trip to Shanghai except you.
He did nothing but play computer games on Sunday.
But for your help, I couldn't have finished my work on time.
七、加强否定
句中使用了not...at all, not...any more, no longer 等表示“不会再……”。
I won't tell you the truth at all unless you tell me the truth.
Tom is no longer what he used to be three years ago.
八、否定的转移
在某些主从复合句中，否定会发生转移，即，否定词在形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上否定从句的
谓语。会产生这种转移的动词有：think, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等。如：
---What do you think Will she come to our party tonight
---I don't think she'll come.
九、固定的否定结构
1、too…to…太……而不能……
2、I have no choice but to do 除了……别无选择
3、not… until…直到……才……
4、can't wait to do 迫不及待……
5、I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。
希望不是这样。I hope not. 、6．
十、其他否定结构
1、must肯定形式可表示猜测，“一定”，但否定形式没有猜测之意，只表示“严禁”。
2、否定词和比较级连用相当于最高级。
It couldn't be better. 再好不过了。
3、通过其他词汇，语法结构或修辞手段来代替否定词或半否定词或间接否定。如：
动词：fail, miss, deny, refuse, protect…from, prevent… from等。
4、否定疑问句表示的是肯定意思。
Isn't this film interesting 这电影难道没趣吗
5、以 why don't you do 和 why not do 开头的疑问句往往表示邀请、建议、指导等，具有肯定意义。
专题17 感叹句单选题 1.(2019江苏宿迁)-___________wonderful the music is! What’s its name? -Victory. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——多么美妙的音乐啊!它的名字是什么?——Victory。考查感叹句。how和what都可用于引导感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词或名词性短语。本句wonderful（美妙的）是形容词，需用how引导。根据句意结构，可知选A。 2.(2019山东青岛) ______ special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting. A. What B. What a C. How a D. How 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们上的课多么不寻常啊！我们学到了很多剪纸的知识。感叹句的基本结构：How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语+其他! What+（a/an）＋(形容词)＋名词＋主语+谓语+其他！题干中的中心词classess 是可数名词复数，符合“What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋（主语+谓语+其他）！”，故答案选A。 3.(2019江苏淮安)-It is said that 5G is coming. It will improve our life great! - __________ amazing it is! A. What an B. How a C. What D. How 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——据说5G就要来了。它将极大地改善我们的生活！——它是多么令人惊讶呀！这里是感叹句，感叹名词用what，感叹形容词用how，amazing是形容词，排除AC；其结构是How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。排除B，根据题意，故选D。 4.(2019贵州安顺)-Have you seen the hot film Wandering Earth____________? -Yes, I have.____________ wonderful science fiction movie it is! A. yet, How a B. already ,How C. yet, What a D. already, What 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——你看过电影《流浪地球》吗？——-是的，我看过了。这是一部多么精彩的科幻电影啊！考查副词辨析和感叹句。1.yet通常用于完成时的疑问句或否定句中，意思是“已经，还”；already通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，意思是“已经”；本句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，可知填yet。2. 英语感叹句由
专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends
感叹句结构及用法 感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用"what"和"how"引导，"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、由"what"引导的感叹句： "what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如： ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句： "how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是： How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如： ① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ ② How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如： ① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ 四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略 去不讲。 如： ① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ ② What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ ③ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！
初中重点语法 从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条） 3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法： (1) 表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。 例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday. / It is because you are so clever. (2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。 ①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+... ②关于宾语从句连词的选择： 若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; 若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether; 若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等) 例如：They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将 代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在 哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? ) ③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时； 如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。) ④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待： be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。) (3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、 目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。 时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as ,since, till (until), while, whenever 等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该 用现在时替代。如：When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可 以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comes back. (妈妈回来了我才会走。) 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。如：Go back where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会 忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。) 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。) 目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. (他起身 更早为的是赶上第一班车。) 结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多 辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。) 比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do). (我书没有你多) 让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however, whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替 我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。) / He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿 了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
Unit 2 感叹句讲解及练习 一：定义：感叹句是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。感叹句常用What 或How来引导，它们与所修饰的词位于句首，其他部分用陈述句语序。二：结构：（how/ what） 1：What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ eg：What a strong boy he is What an honest girl Mary is! 2：What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！ eg： What brave soldiers they are! What fine weather it is today! 3：How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语！ eg：How exciting a football match it is! How kind an old man he is! 4：How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语！ eg：How tall Yao Ming is! How fast the dragonfly flies! 三、具体理解分析： 一、由what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： 1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What a nice day it is! 多好的天气！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！
一般疑问句、否定句、特殊疑问句的改法(150308) 动词的分类 Be动词：is, am, are, was, were 助动词：do, does, did, has, have, had 动词情态动词：can, must, may, should, 等 实义动词：run, eat, play, like, 等等。 陈述句改为一般疑问句的改法： 一般疑问句：以be动词、助动词、情态动词为句首，句末有问号（？）的句子。例如： Is she a doctor. 她是一名医生吗？ Has she got any grapes? 她有些葡萄吗？（这里的has是助动词，got（get的原形）是有的意思。 Can you fly? 你会飞吗？ 当句子中的谓语只有实义动词，没有be动词、助动词、情态动词的时候，句子变一般疑问句时要加do、does、did（do、dose的过去式）其中之一。如：The fox likes grapes. 句子的谓语没有be动词、助动词、情态动词，只有likes，like是实义动词，因此，句首要加助动词；又因为the fox是第三人称单数，句首的助动词就用does. 句子的就变成Does the fox like grapes? 注意原来likes中的s，要删除。 一般疑问句主语和be动词、助动词、情态动词倒装。没有这三类词时要加助动词。如：She is a doctor. to school at seven. Is she a doctor? 记住：实义动词始终在主语的后面。 注意：述句（句子后面只有句号的句子）给成一般疑问句时，一般情况下，还要把第一人称I、we、my、our改成you、your，把some变成any。如： I have got some apples. I am making my aeroplane. 变成：Have you got any apples? Are you making your aeroplane? We are watching TV. 变成：Are you watching TV? 还要注意：如果has、have、had、do、does、did后面是名词时，has、have就不是助动词了，他们是实义动词。改一般疑问时不能提前（一般情况下，所有实义动词都不能提到主语前面），要根据时态加助动词do、does、did。 如：She has breakfast everyday. Does she have breakfast everyday? 练习，把下列的句子改成一般疑问句。 1. His father is an English teacher. 2. These cats are crying. 3. They can swim. 4. I like to read English. 5. I go to school on foot. 6. He likes English. 7. His father goes to work by bus. 8. He is crying under the tree. 9. His birthday is on the twentieth of November. 10. Mrs. Li and Kitty are in a big shop. 11. Kitty is wearing her new uniform.
感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what 或 how 引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语. 如：① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！ ② What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ ③ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ ④ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ ⑤ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ ⑥ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ ② How nice the pictures ar e! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ ③ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ ④ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ ⑤ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用"what"引导，也可用"how"引导。如：① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ ② What tall buildings they are!
专题: 把肯定句改成否定句 把肯定句改成否定句分以下情况： 1、句中有be动词的，在be动词后加not； 2、句中有情态动词的（can ,should，must ，would），在情态动词后面加not； 3、句中没有be动词和情态动词的，在动词前加d on’t或doesn’t ； ①句中动词为原形的，加d on’t.如： I like apples. →I do n’t like apples. ②句中动词为三单式的，加does n’t，并将三单式的动词还原成原形。 如：He likes apples.→ He does n’t like apples. ③时态为过去时的,要加didn’t 而且动词过去式要改为原形, 例:I went to school yesterday .→I didn’t go to school yeaterday . 4.肯定句中的some在否定句中应改为any 如：There are some students in the classroom.→ There are not any students in the classroom. 将下列各句改成否定句 1、Tom’s brother is walking in the park. ______________________________________________________ 3、The students of Class 5 are cleaning the classroom. ______________________________________________________ 5、Tom and Mary are friends. ______________________________________________________ 7、There are some books in the bookcase. ______________________________________________________ 9、I’m a student. ______________________________________________________ 11、Your father can ride a bike. ______________________________________________________ 13、They can play football after school. ______________________________________________________ 16、We come from China. ______________________________________________________ 19、He likes the violin. ______________________________________________________ 20、Have some bread, Tom. ______________________________________________________
第八讲：感叹句 一、由what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： 1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！ 二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：
1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词/ 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How time flies! 光阴似箭！ 三：由what 引导的感叹句与由how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如： How beautiful a girl she is! ＝What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! ＝How delicious these cakes are! 课堂演练篇： 小升初英语感叹句专项 一、将下列句子变成感叹句 1. It is quite a nice present. _____ _____ nice present! 2. We have fine weather today. _____ _____ weather we have today! 3. It’s sunny today. _____ _____ sunny day it is today! 4. The children are working hard. _____ _____ the children are working! 5. She played basketball wonderfully. _____ _____ she played basketball!
初中英语语法---复合句 本部分内容是中考中必考及常考考点。 考点详解： 从句的概念：一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分，充当什么成分就做什么状语。 一、宾语从句 1、宾语从句的引导词 ?宾语从句是陈述句时，常用that引导，that无意义，在口语中和非正式与中常省略。如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow. ?如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只用whether。如： I don’t know if\whether she will come here. Sorry, I don’t know whether he will come or not ?宾语从句是特殊疑问词时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如： Could you tell me where the post office is ? The teacher asked the students what they were doing. 2、宾语从句的时态 ?主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如： Do you know who was talking with at 8 o’clock last night? ?主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的某一过去时态。如： He told me that he had been to England twice. ?从句表示的是客观真理、普遍现象，自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如She said the sun rises in the east. 3、宾语从句的语序 ?在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述句语序，“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。 如： I want to know when the train left. ?由do,does,did构成的疑问句，在装换成宾语从句时，要去电do,does,did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：
感叹句结构解析 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。 what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种： How + 形容词+ a / an + 单数名词+ 陈述语序 How+ 形容词或副词+陈述语序 What +名词+陈述语序 What + a / an +形容词+ 单数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序 What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序 例： How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is! How carefully he is listening! How delicious the duck tastes! What noise they are making! What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)! What cold weather it is! What good news he has told! 感叹句的省略形式为： What a clever boy (he is)! 典型例题 1）___ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice 答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数) 2）___terrible weather we've been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。 3) --- _____ I had! --- You really suffered a lot. A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time 答案A.感叹句分两类： 1：What + n.+主谓部分 2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
初中英语测试题-肯定句变否定句 1.There is a party tonight to celebrate the establishment of the relationship between the two companies. 2.I have a series of interesting books about the dinosaur. 3.The agreement has to be drawn up in the presence of two witnesses. 4.The ship’s radio equipment was put out of action during the fire. 5.You must attend that very important meeting. Keys: ◆There is not a party tonight to celebrate the establishment of the relationship between the two companies. ◆I have not/do not have a series of interesting books about the dinosaur. ◆The agreement does not have to be drawn up in the presence of two witnesses. ◆The ship’s radio equipment was not put out of action during the fire. ◆You may not attend that very important meeting.
感叹句专项练习 一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。 1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday! 2).________cute dog it is! 3).________ interesting the story is! 4).________ bad the weather in England is! 5).________ honest boy Tom is ！ 6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off! 7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8).________ exciting news you've brought us! 9).________cool your new car is! 10).________ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。 1. _______ fast the boy ran! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances! A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what D. What, how 3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 9. _______ beautiful your new dress is! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句： 1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_______ _______ the boy swam! 2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_____ ______ the school trip is! 3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句） _______ _______ Hei Longjiang looks in winter! 4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句） _______ _______ _______ dictionary it is! _______ _______ _______ dictionary is!
初中英语复合句 英语中的复合句往往是学生学习的难点，因为句式复杂多变，而且主谓宾、定状补等句子成分运用到具体的句子中需要一定的语法知识作为基础，所以，一些学生以看到这些复杂的句式就会一个头变两个大。复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。下面我们就一起来看看复合句的有关语法知识。 主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。 从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 1、名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任 主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 1)主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词
that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： (1) It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常
否定句型 I am not ... 结构︰主词＋be 动词（am／are／is）＋not＋…。 说明︰在肯定句中be <动词>的后面加not 就构成<否定句>。 I am not a student. 我不是学生。 You are not a lawyer. 你不是律师。 It is not a watch. 它不是手表。 I am not + V-ing. 结构︰主词＋am（are／is）＋not＋现在分词…。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）不是正在…”。要构成<现在进行式>的<否定句>，只需在be <动词>后面加not。 They are not playing. 他们不是正在玩。 She is not watching TV. 她不是正在看电视。 We are not cleaning the room. 我们不是正在打扫房间。 I don’t + V ... 结构︰主词＋don’t／doesn’t＋原形动词＋…。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不（没有）做某事”。肯定句中，如有一般<动词>（speak／work／teach／…），则在一般<动词>前加don’t 或doesn’t，并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>（不加s或es），即构成<否定句>。 I don’t have any brothers.我没有任何的兄弟。 He doesn’t know Mr. Brown.他不认识布朗先生。 My mother doesn’t speak English.我母亲不会讲英语。 I wasn’t ... 结构︰主词＋was／were＋not＋形容词＋过去时间。 说明︰此句型意为“<主词>不是…”。was，were 是be 动词的<过去式>，当句中出现以下<副词>（<片语>）时，<动词>常用过去式：ago，before，yesterday（morning，afternoon，evening），last night，the other day，in the past，just now…。在was，were 后面加not，即构成be <动词>过去式的<否定句>；将was，were 移到句首，w 改为大写，句点改为问号，即构成be <动词>过去式的<疑问句>。 Tom was not busy yesterday. 汤姆昨天不忙。 We were not at home yesterday. 我们昨天不在家。 It was not hot yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午天气不热。 The boys were sick yesterday. 这些男孩昨天生病。 It was cold last winter. 去年冬天天气寒冷。 Was your brother early to class yesterday morning? 你弟弟昨天早晨上课早到吗？ I didn’t + V ... 结构︰主词＋didn’t＋原形动词＋…过去时间。 说明︰本句型的肯定形式是：“<主词>＋过去式（＋ed）＋…过去时间”；将肯定句中的过去式改为“did not （＝didn’t）＋原形<动词>”，即构成过去式的<否定句>。 He didn’t clean the room yesterday.他昨天没打扫房间。 She washed the skirt yesterday. 她昨天洗这裙子。 Tom didn’t watch TV last night.汤姆昨晚没看电视。 He talked to his sister after lunch. 午餐后，他跟他的妹妹谈话。 They didn’t cook lunch for their grandfather yesterday.他们昨天没有为他们的祖父做午饭。 Mary cleaned the room this morning. 玛丽今天早晨打扫了房间。 John didn’t get up early this morning. 约翰今天早晨没有早起床。 Tom didn’t iron his shirt yesterday.汤姆昨天没有熨衬衣。