规范练(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world.
The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Bilbao，Spain
Built in1997，the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is one of the newest in the world. It has transformed the industrial city of Bilbao into a travelers' desired destination. The beautiful architecture of the museum has provided a dramatic background for movies and commercials.
The Louvre in Paris，France
Probably the most famous Louvre also holds the most famous painting in the world，the “Mona Lisa”by Leonardo da Vinci. Crowds can be found any day surrounding the small，but mysterious painting of the smiling woman. But，the Louvre is much more than a home to the“Mona Lisa”. The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world.
The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia，America
Just opened in its new downtown location in2012，the Barnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one man's private collection. Dr. Albert C. Barnes started collecting art in the early20th century and collected，among others，the largest number of original Renoir paintings in the world.
The Uffizi Gallery in Florence，Italy
Walking on the marbled floors feels like stepping back in time. The building itself is a beautiful palace-like structure with frescoes(湿壁画)decorating the ceilings and walls. Viewers are bowled over(印象深刻)by the works by Botticelli，such as“The Birth of V enus”. Classic artworks from nearly1，000years ago describe religious events of the time.
[语篇解读]本文为应用文，涉及文学与艺术话题。文章主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆。
1.Which of the following is the most popular？
A.The Louvre.
B.The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.
C.The Barnes Foundation.
D.The Uffizi Gallery.
解析：考查细节理解。由The Louvre in Paris，France部分的“Crowds can be found any day”和“The Louvre is visited by more people each year than any other museum in the world”可知四个博物馆中卢浮宫人气最旺。
答案：A
2.What makes the Barnes Foundation particular？
A.Its structure.
B.Its collection.
C.Its location.
D.Its history.
解析：考查细节理解。由The Barnes Foundation in Philadelphia，America部分的“the Barnes Foundation is unique in that it is a completely reproduced display from one man's private collection”可知，该博物馆的特殊之处在于其所有的展览品均是复制品。故选择B。
答案：B
3.What type of writing is this text？
A.An activity poster.
B.An exhibition announcement.
C.An art show review.
D.A travel guide.
解析：考查推理判断。由“Listed here are four of the thousands of impressive museums around the world”可知，本文主要介绍了四个世界闻名的博物馆的概况，故最有可能是旅行指南。
答案：D
B
“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，”says Mark Singer，technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. “Cooking and eating are both pastimes(消遣)and pleasure.” The French might start their day with bread，butter，jam，and perhaps something hot to drink—it's a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer，born in Philadelphia，has lived in France for more than40years.
“Although things have changed greatly in the past20years when it comes to food in the country，”he says，“and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up，there are still events in the year，like birthdays and New Year's Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it's not every day.”
Some people think French food life may be a performance，adds Jennifer Berg，director of graduate food studies at New York University. “They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to12different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants(羊角面包)are factory-made，and most people are buying convenience food，except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”
In Italy，as in France，takeout is still relatively rare. “Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，”says Marco Bolasco，editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed，even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love，and nutrition，and pleasure，he says. An Italian child's first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs，but probably ice cream，notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food.
[语篇解读]本文为说明文，涉及饮食话题。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。
4.How have things about French food changed？
A.People prefer to cook at home.
B.More people choose to eat out.
C.Traditional food is less frequently cooked.
D.People eat faster than before.
解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受到冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并不是每一天，故选择C。
答案：C
5.What does the underlined word“performance” in Paragraph3refer to？
A.A bother.
B.A play.
C.A hobby.
D.A routine.
解析：考查词义猜测。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to12different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。
答案：A
6.Why is Italian food compared with French food in the last paragraph？
A.To show the advantages of Italian food.
B.To prove the differences between them.
C.To reflect the customs of Italian food.
D.To indicate the common points of the two.
解析：考查推理判断。由本段中的“In Italy，as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love，and nutrition，and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。
答案：D
7.What's the main idea of the passage？
A.Food as identity.
B.Food as pleasure.
C.Food as survival.
D.Food as status.
解析：考查主旨要义。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”，“Cooking and eating are both pastimes(消遣)and pleasure”以及“Food in Italy is love，and nutrition，and pleasure”可知答案。
答案：B
Ⅱ.阅读填句
Important blogging tips I learnt
It has been about three years since I started blogging. Written below are some of the most basic blogging tips I learnt.
1) __1__
This has always been my policy. There are now about1，500comments altogether since I started，and I have replied to each one of them. It takes quite an effort for a reader to write their opinion on an article. The least you can do is to reply to the comment. Appreciate your readers. __2__
2)Don't be afraid to change.
There is no such thing as perfection. Everything will have a flaw to it. The best way is always to just start with an idea and perfect it along the way. So you have to adapt yourself to any change. __3__
3)Blogging is all about networking.
If you want to write about something but you don't want anybody to read it，just write it in a diary. __4__ Go out there and find new friends in the network. That is the most basic foundation of blogging.
4)Be prepared for disagreement.
Of course，there will be some group of readers who will hate what you write or at least disagree with it. __5__ As a human，it is very normal to feel down after reading something negative like that. What you have to do is to shake it off and take a step up. Try to find any positive side of the comment and work on that.
A.When people comment，reply！
B.I often comment in others' blogs.
C.They are the ones we actually write to.
D.Blogging will be useless if you are all alone.
E.Personally，comments are the best motivation for me to keep on writing.
F.Don't be alarmed if there's a comment suggesting you should quit blogging.
G.If I were too arrogant or lazy to make the change，I don't think I would still be here writing.
[语篇解读]作者根据自己写博客的经验，总结了四条写博客的体会和建议：回复网友的评论；不要害怕改变；博客是网络文化；准备好听不同的意见。
1.解析：本段主要讲要回复读者的评论，故A项最佳。
答案：A
2.解析：前面讲到要感谢读者，C项与此句语义一致。
答案：C
3.解析：本段主要讲写博客的人要适应变化。G项与此相关。
答案：G
4.解析：本段讲到博客是网络文化，是写给别人看的。故D项最佳。
误解分析：易误选。主要原因是学生没有认真领会前面一句话的含义。前面一句话的意思是说如果你写的东西不打算让别人去读，那就写日记吧。言外之意，博客是写给别人看的。
答案：D
5.解析：本段主要讲如何面对负面的评论，故F最佳。
答案：F
Ⅲ.语法填空
All through high school，I1.________ (play)football，basketball，and soccer，and I was on the track team. But from that day on，boxing was the sport that I liked2.________ (much)，because it was more3.________ (challenge)and exciting to me. I found that I enjoyed the thrill of the one-on-one competition. I also liked the fact that it was up to me4.________ I won or lost. I thought I'd always been a competitor，and winning would give me5.________ (satisfy)and a good feeling about myself. I wanted to win—every time.
I started training with the man who got me into the ring that first time. With him6.________ (act)as my boxing coach，friend，mentor，and a father figure for me7.________ (look) up to，I learned that boxing was a sweet science8.________ I could use my brain as well as my strength and size. I used my ability to focus under pressure. 9.________ (train)by him for several years，I went from a street fighter10.________ a gold medal-winning Olympic champion.
[语篇解读]本文为记叙文。作者介绍了自己成为一个获得金牌的奥运冠军的心路历程。
1.解析：考查动词时态。根据后面的I was on the track team的时态可知此处应用一般过去时态。
答案：played
2.解析：考查副词比较等级。根据语境可知，此处应用副词的最高级形式。
误解分析：因为比较的范围不很明显，易误填。事实上，前面提到了篮球、足球等运动项目，此处实际上是在这些项目里面进行比较的，故用副词最高级形式。
答案：most
3.解析：考查词性转换。应用形容词作表语。
答案：challenging
4.解析：考查主语从句。whether...or...引导一个主语从句。
答案：whether
5.解析：考查词性转换。应用名词作宾语。
答案：satisfaction
6.解析：考查非谓语动词。him和act之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。
答案：acting
7.解析：考查非谓语动词。用不定式作定语修饰a father figure。
误解分析：易误填。主要原因是学生未能正确地分析句子结构，未弄清句子成分。
答案：to look
8.解析：考查定语从句。定语从句缺少状语，故用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词science。
误解分析：易误填。主要原因是science并不是一个表示具体地点的名词，学生未能把它与where联系在一起。实际上where在此处相当于in which。
答案：where
9.解析：考查非谓语动词。I和train之间存在被动关系，再根据时间状语for several years 可知此处应用现在分词完成式的被动形式作时间状语。
答案：Having been trained
10.解析：考查固定搭配。from...to...意为“从……到……”。
答案：to
高考数学第二轮复习计划 一、指导思想 高三第一轮复习一般以知识、技能、方法的逐点扫描和梳理为主，通过第一轮复习，学生大都能掌握基本概念的性质、定理及其一般应用，但知识较为零散，综合应用存在较大的问题。第二轮复习的首要任务是把整个高中基础知识有机地结合在一起，强化数学的学科特点，同时第二轮复习承上启下，是促进知识灵活运用的关键时期，是发展学生思维水平、提高综合能力发展的关键时期，因而对讲、练、检测要求较高。 强化高中数学主干知识的复习，形成良好知识网络。整理知识体系，总结解题规律，模拟高考情境，提高应试技巧，掌握通性通法。 第二轮复习承上启下，是知识系统化、条理化，促进灵活运用的关键时期，是促进学生素质、能力发展的关键时期，因而对讲练、检测等要求较高，故有“二轮看水平”之说． “二轮看水平”概括了第二轮复习的思路，目标和要求．具体地说，一是要看教师对《考试大纲》的理解是否深透，研究是否深入，把握是否到位，明确“考什么”、“怎么考”．二是看教师讲解、学生练习是否体现阶段性、层次性和渐进性，做到减少重复，重点突出，让大部分学生学有新意，学有收获，学有发展．三是看知识讲解、练习检测等内容科学性、针对性是否强，使模糊的清晰起来，缺漏的填补起来，杂乱的条理起来，孤立的联系起来，让学生形成系统化、条理化的知识框架．四是看练习检测与高考是否对路，不拔高，不降低，难度适宜，效度良好，重在基础的灵活运用和掌握分析解决问题的思维方法． 二、时间安排： 1．第一阶段为重点主干知识的巩固加强与数学思想方法专项训练阶段，时间为3月10——4月30日。 2．第二阶段是进行各种题型的解题方法和技能专项训练，时间为5月1日——5月25日。 3.最后阶段学生自我检查阶段，时间为5月25日——6月6日。 三、怎样上好第二轮复习课的几点建议： （一）.明确“主体”，突出重点。 第二轮复习，教师必须明确重点，对高考“考什么”，“怎样考”，应了若指掌．只有这样，才能讲深讲透，讲练到位．因此,每位教师要研究2009-2010湖南对口高考试题. 第二轮复习的形式和内容 1．形式及内容：分专题的形式，具体而言有以下八个专题。 （1）集合、函数与导数。此专题函数和导数、应用导数知识解决函数问题是重点，特别要注重交汇问题的训练。 （2）三角函数、平面向量和解三角形。此专题中平面向量和三角函数的图像与性质，恒等变换是重点。 （3）数列。此专题中数列是重点，同时也要注意数列与其他知识交汇问题的训练。 （4）立体几何。此专题注重点线面的关系，用空间向量解决点线面的问题是重点。 （5）解析几何。此专题中解析几何是重点，以基本性质、基本运算为目标。突出直线和圆锥曲线的交点、弦长、轨迹等。 （6）不等式、推理与证明。此专题中不等式是重点，注重不等式与其他知识的整合。 （7）排列与组合，二项式定理，概率与统计、复数。此专题中概率统计是重点，以摸球问题为背景理解概率问题。 （（9）高考数学思想方法专题。此专题中函数与方程、数形结合、化归与转化、分类讨论思想方法是重点。 （二）、做到四个转变。 1．变介绍方法为选择方法，突出解法的发现和运用．
静安区高三年级英语期中（二模）测试卷（2018.5） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket. D. At home. 2. A. Driving the private car costs little. B. Taking subway requires a special pass. C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by pri vate cars. D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway. 3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic. C. A travel agent. D. A marriage consultant. 4. A. The woman should go out to work. B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself. C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days. D. He contributes a lot to the family economy. 5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club. B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math. C. He lacks former experiences in math study. D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club. 6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 7. 7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her ipad. B. The woman’s ipad might be kept well in the library. C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her ipad. D. Her ipad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one. 8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film. B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then. C. She will go for a business appointment then. D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man. 9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding. B. Reading books is teenagers’ favourite activity. C. All the researches are offering misleading information. D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time. 10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale. B. Many other goods on sale are still available. C. The man can buy the oven through other channels. D. The oven is now sold at regular price. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages
西城区高三统一测试英语 本试卷共9页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. —Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now. —It’s about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there. A. took B. take C. will take D. have taken 2. Rosa _____ this washing machine for more than ten years. She is thinking about buying a new one. A. is using B. used C. had used D. has been using 3. This course is of great interest to students, _____ to improve their writing skills. A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped 4. —Vivien, you look blue. What’s wrong? —There are so many papers _____. I’m really busy recently. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 5. _____ at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home. A. Confusing B. Confused
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试（生物部分） 一、选择题 1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系，下列有关叙错误的是 A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶 B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏 C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的通道 D．线粒体DNA 位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶 2．生物体内的DNA 常与蛋白质结合，以DNA 一蛋白质复台物的形式存在。下列相关叙述错误的是 A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA－蛋白质复合物 B．真核细胞的核中有DNA－蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核中没有 C．若复台物中的某蛋白参与DNA 复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA 聚合酶 D．若复台物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复台物中含有RNA 聚台酶 3．下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是 3 - A．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2 和NO B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收 C．土壤微生物降解植物杆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收 D．给王米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起起“烧苗”现象 4．已知药物X 对细胞增殖有促进作用，药物 D 可抑制药物x 的作用，某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲，乙，丙三组，分别置 于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其 中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数， 结果如图所示。据图分析析，下列相关叙述不台理的是 A．乙组加入了药物x 后再进行培养 B．丙组先加入药物X，培养一段时间后加入药物D，继续培养 C．乙组先加入药物D，培养一段时间后加入药物X，继续培养 D．若药物X 为蛋白质，则药物 D 可能改变了药物X的空间结构 5．种群密度是种群的数量特征之一。下列叙述错误的是 A，种群的S型增长是受资源因素限制而呈现的结果 B．某林场中繁殖力极强老鼠种群数量的增长会受密度制约 C．鱼塘中某种鱼的养殖密度不同时，单位水体该鱼的产量有可能相同 D．培养瓶中细菌种群数量达到K 值前，密度对其增长的制约逐断减弱
普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研 参考答案 I. Listening Section A 1-5 B C A B C 6-10 D C B D D Section B 11-13 C A D 14-16 B B D 17-20 A D B A II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A 21. on 22. to serve 23. that 24. involved 25. what 26. had become 27. where 28. them 29. but 30. have been found Section B 31-35 E J K B A D I G H C III. Reading Comprehension Section A 41-45 CDABD 46-50 ABDAC 51-55 CBABC Section B 56-59 C D B B 60-62 CA C 63-66 C B C D Section C 67-70 D A F B IV. Summary Writing For Reference： A study shows if a person has a good short-term memory he is likely to feel bored quickly. Assuming memories of past experience may influence the different rates at which some people feel fed up, two researchers conducted a test, relating students’ memory capacity to their performance, and got the result. The findings may apply to marketing, self-controlling and educating. (60)
高三生物二轮复习的八个大专题 根据二轮复习的总时间，建议分8个大专题，每个大专题下再分成若干个小专题进行复习，小专题的目的是对重要知识进行深化、对相似或相近的知识进行归类、整理和比较。每个大专题约一周时间，每个小专题1节课。 专题一生命的物质基础和结构基础 包括：绪论、组成生物体的化学元素、组成生物体的化合物、细胞膜有结构和功能（含生物膜系统）、细胞质的结构和功能、细胞核的结构和功能、有丝分裂、减数分裂、无丝分裂、细胞分化癌变和衰老、植物细胞工程、动物细胞工程。 本专题知识是其它生物学知识的基础，应细一点、慢一点，可分出以下小专题进行复习：化学元素专题、水专题、无机物专题、糖类专题、蛋白质专题、核酸专题、原核细胞结构和功能专题、真核细胞结构和功能专题、细胞分裂专题、细胞工程专题、细胞的全能性专题。如水专题为例可包括水的存在、水的来源、水的排出、水的调节、水的标记、水的生态、水的污染。 专题二生物的新陈代谢与固氮 包括：光合作用、C3、C4植物、提高光能利用率、生物固氮、植物对水分的吸收和利用、植物的矿质营养、人和动物的三大营养物质代谢、细胞呼吸、代谢的基本类型。 本专题知识是高考的重点之一，主要是强化知识的整体性，如选修教材与必修教材的融合、植物的整体性、动物的整体性。可以分出酶和ATP专题、植物代谢专题、动物代谢专题、生物的代谢类型专题。在植物代谢专题复习时应补充初中课本中有关植物根、茎、叶的结构与功能，光合作用、呼吸作用的经典实验。光合作用、呼吸作用有关的综合题、实验设计题要引起足够重视。在动物物代谢专题复习时应补充初中生理卫生课本中消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、泌尿系统的知识。生物的代谢类型专题应给学生归纳整理出高中生物中所涉及到的各种生物，特别是课本上提到的一些常见生物、微生物的代谢特点。如酵母菌、硝化细菌、根瘤菌、圆褐固氮菌、谷氨酸棒状杆菌、黄色短杆菌、反硝化细菌、产甲烷杆菌、放线菌、乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、红螺菌。05年高考生物试题中出现用小麦、洋葱作为背景材料，要求考生回答一系列有关的生物学知识、实验知识，题目很好。要加强这类题的训练，如水稻、玉米、蘑菇等。 专题三生命活动的调节与免疫
专题训练14 生物的进化 一、选择题 【必考集训】 1.(2017浙江吴越联盟联考)达尔文认为生物进化性变化得以发生的前提条件是( ) A.自然选择 B.可遗传变异 C.基因频率改变 D.生殖隔离 2.整个生物界,种类繁多、异彩缤纷,现存的物种数在200万以上。它们在结构、功能、行为、生活方式等方面都有各自的特点,这体现了生物的( ) A.多样性 B.特异性 C.变异性 D.统一性 3.下列关于生物进化的叙述,正确的是( ) A.生物进化的方向是由基因突变决定的 B.害虫抗药性的出现是不断施用农药的结果 C.生物进化的实质是种群基因频率的变化 D.只有基因突变、自然选择及隔离才能形成新物种 4.下列哪个过程从根本上为自然选择提供了丰富的材料?( ) A.DNA→DNA B.DNA→RNA C.mRNA→蛋白质 D.氨基酸→蛋白质 5.在调查某小麦种群时发现T(抗锈病)对t(易感染)为显性,在自然情况下该小麦种群可以自由传粉,据统计,TT为20%,Tt为60%,tt为20%,该小麦种群突然大面积感染锈病,致使易感染小麦在开花之前全部死亡。计算该小麦在感染锈病之前与感染锈病之后基因T的频率分别是多少?( ) A.50%和50% B.50%和62.5% C.62.5%和50% D.50%和100% 6.自然界中桦尺蠖有灰色和黑色两种类型,当树干和岩石呈现深暗颜色时,绝大多数为黑色桦尺蠖,在灰色环境中,绝大多数为灰色桦尺蠖。下列叙述正确的是( ) A.灰色桦尺蠖和黑色桦尺蠖是两个不同物种 B.不同的环境条件中,灰色基因和黑色基因的频率不同 C.灰色桦尺蠖全部基因的总和称为基因库 D.在深暗的环境中,大多数灰色的桦尺蠖突变成了黑色桦尺蠖 7.(2017浙江绍兴模拟)实验室条件下可以研究细菌抗药性形成的机理。野生型金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素是敏感的,将它接种到青霉素浓度为0.1单位/cm3的培养基里,绝大多数细菌死亡,但有个别细菌能存活下来,并能进行繁殖。下列叙述正确的是( ) A.在青霉素的影响下,金黄色葡萄球菌种群抗青霉素的基因频率降低 B.存活下来的个体通过繁殖导致金黄色葡萄球菌种群抗青霉素的基因频率的提高 C.接触青霉素之前金黄色葡萄球菌个体间已经产生了抗青霉素的差异 D.细菌抗药性的产生是人工选择的结果 8.某玉米田从N年开始持续使用杀虫剂,而此地的玉米螟数量变化如下图所示,对此现象解释正确的是( ) A.玉米螟对杀虫剂产生了定向变异 B.玉米螟对杀虫剂进行了定向选择 C.杀虫剂对玉米螟的抗药性变异进行了定向选择 D.害虫对杀虫剂产生了隔离 9.等位基因(A、a)与(D、d)位于同一对常染色体上,基因型为AA或dd的个体胚胎致死。两对等位基因功能互不影响,且在减数分裂过程中不发生交叉互换。以基因型如右图所示的果蝇为亲本,逐代自由交配,则后代中基因A的频率将( )
【2019最新】高三生物二轮复习专题综合训练（二） (建议用时：45分钟) 1．(2015·吉林长春质检)下列关于酶的叙述，错误的是( ) A．溶酶体本身不能合成和分泌多种酸性水解酶 B．激素都是通过影响细胞内酶的活性来调节细胞代谢的 C．同一个体内的各类活细胞所含酶的种类有差异，数量也不同 D．酶既可以作为催化剂，也可以作为另一个化学反应的底物 解析：选B。溶酶体内含多种酸性水解酶，这些酶是在核糖体上合成的，A正确；激素调节细胞代谢是通过影响酶的合成来实现的，B错误；由于基因的选择性表达，故同一个体内的不同种类的细胞中酶的种类和数量会有差异，C正确；酶具有催化作用，但一部分酶本身也是蛋白质，又可作为反应底物参与反应，D正确。 2．下列关于ATP、ADP的说法中，错误的是( ) A．ATP是生物体生命活动的直接能源物质 B．ATP中的A代表腺嘌呤，T代表三个，P代表磷酸基团 C．叶绿体中ADP由叶绿体基质向类囊体薄膜运动 D．有氧呼吸过程中的第三阶段[H]与氧气结合产生水，同时产生大量ATP 解析：选B。ATP是生物体生命活动的直接能源物质。ATP中的A代表腺苷，腺苷包括腺嘌呤和核糖两部分。在叶绿体基质中ATP分解产生ADP，ADP由叶绿体基质向类囊体薄膜运动参与光反应中ATP的合成。有氧呼吸的第三阶段[H]与氧气结合产生水，同时产生大量ATP。 3．(2015·甘肃兰州调研)如图曲线b表示在最适温度、最适pH条件下，反应物浓度与酶促反应速率的关系。据图分析，下列叙述正确的是( ) A．增大pH，重复该实验，A、B点位置都不变 B．B点后，适当升高温度，曲线将出现c所示变化 C．酶量增加一倍，酶促反应速率可用曲线a表示 D．反应物浓度是限制曲线AB段酶促反应速率的主要因素 解析：选D。曲线b表示在最适温度、最适pH条件下测定的酶促反应速率与反应物浓度的关系，若温度、pH发生变化，酶促反应速率会降低。酶量增加一倍，酶促反应速率会变大。 4．研究人员从木耳菜中提取过氧化物酶(POD)，分别与四种不同酚类物质及H2O2进行催化反应，结果如下图所示。相关说法正确的是( ) A．图1所示的实验目的是探究不同酚类物质的浓度对POD活性的影响 B．当底物浓度为0.08 mmol·L－1时，POD催化酚类2的反应速率一定大于催化酚类3的反应速率 C．由图2可知，H2O2浓度过高会抑制POD的活性，降低浓度后POD活性就会恢复 D．H2O2对POD活性的影响与温度和pH对POD活性的影响相同 解析：选A。由图1可知，横坐标代表不同酚类物质的浓度，纵坐标代表POD的活性，
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 理科综合能力测试（生物） 试题答案及部分题目解析（答案仅供参考） 1．生物膜的结构与功能存在密切的联系。下列有关叙述错误的是 A．叶绿体的类囊体膜上存在催化ATP合成的酶 B．溶酶体膜破裂后释放出的酶会造成细胞结构的破坏 C．细胞的核膜是双层膜结构，核孔是物质进出细胞核的道 D．线粒体DNA位于线粒体外膜上，编码参与呼吸作用的酶 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查细胞结构与功能的基础知识，题目简单，容易得分。线粒体DNA位于线粒体的基质中，所以D项错误。 2．生物体内的DNA常与蛋白结合，以DNA-蛋白质复合物的形式存在。下列相关叙述错误的是 A．真核细胞染色体和染色质中都存在DNA-蛋白质复台物 B．真核细胞的核中有DNA-蛋白质复合物，而原核细胞的拟核中没有 C．若复合物中的某蛋白参与DNA复制，则该蛋白可能是DNA聚合酶 D．若复合物中正在进行RNA的合成，则该复台物中含有RNA聚合酶 【答案】B 【解析】原核细胞的拟核中也可能存在DNA-蛋白质复合物，如拟核DNA进行复制或者转录的时候。 3．下列有关植物根系吸收利用营养元素的叙述，错误的是 A．在酸性土壤中，小麦可吸收利用土壤中的N2和NO-3 B．农田适时松土有利于农作物根细胞对矿质元素的吸收 C．土微生物降解植物秸杆产生的无机离子可被根系吸收 D．给玉米施肥过多时，会因根系水分外流引起“烧苗”现象 【答案】A 【解析】植物细胞不能直接吸收利用N2。 4．已知药物X对细胞增殖有促进作用，药物D可抑制药物X的作用，某同学将同一瓶小鼠皮肤细胞平均分为甲、乙、丙三组，分别置于培养液中培养，培养过程中进行不同的处理（其中甲组未加药物），每隔一段时间测定各组细胞数，结果如图所示。据图分析，下列相关叙述不合理的是 A．乙组加入了药物X后再进行培养 B．丙组先加入药物X，培养一段时间后加入药物D，继续培养 C．乙组先加入药物D，培养一段时间后加入药物X，继续培养 D．若药物X为蛋白质，则药物D可能改变了药物X的空间结构 【答案】C 【解析】根据图示，乙丙两组的细胞增殖速度都大于甲组，所以两组均为先加入药物X，而丙组后半段的细胞增殖速度低于乙组，说明丙组培养一段时间后又加入了药物D。 5．种群密度是种群的数量特征之一，下列叙述错误的是 A，种群的S型增长是受资源因素限制而呈现的结果 B，某林场中繁殖力极强老鼠种群数量的增长会受密度制约 C．鱼塘中某种鱼的养殖密度不同时，单位水体该鱼的产量有可能相同
灵台二中2018届高三化学第二、三轮备考复习计划 高三化学备课组任天福 一、一轮复习备考的反思 （一）经过第一轮的复习，学生方面存在的基本问题 1、知识基础底子薄弱，各知识点掌握不透彻，记忆不准确。 2、学生学习被动，部分学生存在假学习现象。学习习惯普遍不好。 3、学生对知识的遗忘太快，部分知识习惯死记硬背，没有理解内涵和外延，知识应用能力欠佳。 4、学生解题速度慢，计算能力有待进一步提高。 （二）考试中学生非智力因素失分的情况 1、卷面表达不规范，不够端正，部分学生书写潦草。 2、粗心大意，读错题（常把分子式看成是结构式，把元素符号看成是元素名称，把离子方程式看成是化学方程式，该写的单位的漏写等等） 3、考试心理里恐惧、胆怯 4、时间紧迫，绝大多数学生不能完卷。 二、二轮复习的备考思路（3.20-4.30） 在最后100多天的时间中，根据考试题型，加强题型的专题训练，突破考点。各类型专题备考及训练思路如下： 1、选择题训练思路（在每周综合测试中完成） 每周在综合测试中加强考点训练，高考考什么，就练什么；考多的，就多练；考少的，就少练；不考的，就不练。不可平均用力。重中之重是化学概念和理论部分。包括：氧化还原、离子反应、物质的量、速率与平衡、电解质、胶体、电化学、反应热等。努力克服困难，全部内容一一过关。认真研读教材的亮点，关注物质的俗名、用途，关注生活、生产、环境、科技、能源、资源、材料与试题的联系。选择题训练把准确率放在第一位，努力培养好习惯，好节奏（限时完成）。做题不要快，审题要细致，四个选项一一弄懂，争取少失分。平时训练少用排除法，少猜答案。在训练中加强读题训练，总结自身的弱点，一一设法改进。选择题得满分是每一位同学的唯一目标，不管你现在的水平是高是低。 2、实验题训练思路（设置实验专题） 结合二轮资料编写框架，实验题训练注重基础，注重细节，注重答题材的规范性及书写的准确性。注重知识点比较分析，注重归纳构建成网。强化实验设计训练，要求学生根据实验目的，设计装置、仪器、试剂、步骤、现象、结论等实验的各个环节。培养和提高学生把所掌握的实验知识活学活用的能力。注重实验评价
2017学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷 （满分140分，考试时间120分钟） I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. He is angry. B. He is exhausted. C. He is hungry. D. He is disappointed. 2. A. Go over his lessons. B. Attend the party. C. Eat out with friends. D. Take the final exam. 3. A. She is most likely to be arrested. B. She has forgotten to call the police. C. She may have lost her driving license. D. She is lying to the police officer. 4. A. Bill broke his promise. B. Mum will probably reward Bill. C. Bill failed in the test. D. Mum is worried about Bill’s work. 5. A. Make a recovery plan. B. Go back to work. C. Drop out of school. D. Quit her present job. 6. A. She gave him a lift home again. B. She offered him an extra room. C. She treated him well at her home. D. She spared much time for him. 7. A. She doesn’t have time to find a new flat. B. She has not paid enough rent in advance. C. She is unlikely to give up the nice flat. D. She wants to decorate the flat during the holiday. 8. A. Extreme sports. B. Travel insurance. C. Bungee jumping. D. Diving safety. 9. A. Sh e likes Phillips’ singing very much. B. She appreciates other kinds of musicals. C. She enjoys the changes of his musicals. D. She admires other singers more than Phillips. 10. A. American students are too talkative in class. B. It is hard to learn a lot in an American school. C. One can join in schooling in different ways. D. Active participation is greatly encouraged. Section B Directions:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
北京市东城区2018届高三统测(二模)英语试题 2018.5 英语 本试卷共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡 上将该项涂黑。 1.—It’s lucky of you to get your new job! —A friend told me about it, so I _________ and got it. A. apply B. have applied C.applied D. was applying 2. I can clearly remember the first time I met Ms. Lee, _________it’s over 10 years ago. A. unless B. since C. after D. although 3. They will fly to London, ______ they plan to stay for two or three weeks. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4. Dogs have a far wider hearing range than humans, _________ them able to detect sounds far above a human’s hearing limit. A. making B. made C. having made D. to be made 5. —When do you want to visit Mr. Smith with me? —Whenever you _________ time. A. have B. will have C. have had D. had 6. Considered poisonous for many years in Europe, tomatoes _________for decoration only. A. grow B. are grown C. grew D. were grown 7. The snowstorm has lasted for several days _________ it is freezing cold now. A. for B. and C. but D. or 8. In A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawking wrote _________non-technical terms about the origin and development of the universe. A. from B. by C. in D. with 9. It is almost impossible for planes _________ in such a heavy fog. A. take off B. to take off C. to have taken off D. having taken off 10. According to the Public Library’s regulations, each reader _________borrow at most five books at a time. A. should B. must C. may D. would 11. The book covers the knowledge I wish I ______ five years ago. A. knew B. had known C. would know D. would have known 12. The new theme park, ______ last year, has received 27 million visitors so far. A. open B. opened C. being opened D. to open 13. It is generally believed _________ modern technology and mass media are helping to break traditional cultural boundaries. A. that B. if C. why D. how 14. Jim started to play the guitar at the age of 12 when his uncle gave _________ to him as a present. A. this B. one C. it D. that 15. The ability to make and use tools is one of the most basic characteristics of _________ it means to be human. A. whether B. how C. what D. when 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题 1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Kate Meyer and Adam Jankowski had just returned to the U.S. after honeymooning in Africa and were waiting out a 10-hour connecting time at Washington-Dulles before they changed the plane to their home in South Carolina. It had been a dream 16 . Along with their memories, they also brought back a
高三生物二轮复习--实验专题 围绕一中心：以学生为中心，少讲精练 坚持二原则：充分利用教材与学生已有的资料； 充分研究海南生物高考考纲与高考真题 明确三（考试）方向：实验设计（整体）； 实验分析（现象结果）； 实验评价（方法过程） 第1讲必修教材实验概述 显微镜的结构与使用 1．高倍镜的使用步骤： （1）在低倍镜下找到物像，将物像移至视野正中央， （2）转动［7］转换器，换上高倍镜。 （3）调节［11］光圈和［13］反光镜，使视野亮度适宜。 （4）调节［2］细准焦螺旋，使物象清晰。 2．在显微镜操作过程中的有关问题 ①放大倍数：目镜的放大倍数与镜头长度成反比（正比或反比），物镜 的放大倍数与镜头长度成正比；放大倍数的计算方法：目镜的放大倍数 ×物镜放大倍数；如果某显微图标明“放大倍数：640”，这里的“640”是 指长度（长度或面积）放大了640倍。 ②物像移动与装片移动的关系：若希望把视野左上方的细胞移至视野中 央，应将玻片移向左上方。 ③异物位置的判断：异物存在的位置可能在玻片标本、目镜、物镜等；转动目镜，异物不动，转动转换器，异物仍在，则异物可能在玻片标本。
实验一：用显微镜观察多种多样的细胞 1.目的要求：①使用高倍显微镜观察几种细胞（如酵母菌、水绵、叶的保卫细胞、蛙的皮肤上皮细胞等），比较几种细胞的异同点。②运用制作临时装片的方法。 2.实验原理：利用高倍镜可以看到某些在低倍镜下无法看到的细胞结构，例如：可以看到叶绿体、液泡等细胞器，从而能够区别不同的细胞。 临时装片的制作（以洋葱表皮细胞临时装片制作为例） 擦：擦拭载玻片和盖玻片—→ 滴：在载玻片中央滴一滴清水—→ 撕：用镊子从洋葱鳞片叶内侧撕取一小块透明薄膜（内表皮）—→ 展：把撕下的内表皮浸入载玻片上的水滴中，用镊子把它展平—→ 盖：用镊子夹起盖玻片，使它的一边先接触载玻片上的水滴，然后缓缓地放下，盖在要观察的材料上，这样才能避免盖玻片下面出现气泡而影响观察 实验二：观察植物细胞质壁分离 目的要求：①初步学会观察植物细胞质壁分离与复原的方法。 ②理解植物细胞发生渗透作用的原理。 1.实验原理 原生质层包括细胞膜、液泡膜和这两膜之间的细胞质，它相当于一层半透膜。当外界溶液浓度大于细胞液浓度时，细胞失水，使细胞壁和原生质层都会出现一定程度的收缩。由于原生质层比细胞壁的伸缩性大，二者就会逐渐分离开来。 2.选材 选择紫色洋葱鳞片外（内或外）表皮作实验材料，理由是有紫色的大液泡，便于观察。注意所选细胞必须为有大液泡的活的植物细胞，否则不会发生质壁分离。 3．方法步骤 制作临时装片→观察（用低倍镜观察细胞中紫色的液泡的大小及原生质层的位置）→滴加蔗糖溶液（注意从盖玻片一侧滴入，另一侧用吸水纸吸引）→观察质壁分离现象（液泡变小，细胞液颜色深，原生质层与细胞壁分离，细胞大小基本不变）→观察质壁分离复原（用清水做复原试剂） （1）发生质壁分离现象的外因是细胞内外溶液浓度差，内因是原生质层与细胞壁的伸缩性不同。 （2）相对细胞膜，细胞壁具有什么特性？全透性。 （3）实验常用0.3g/mL的蔗糖溶液。若浓度过高，细胞质壁分离速度很快，但会导致细胞失水过多而死亡，细胞不能发生质壁分离复原现象；若浓度过低，则不能引起细胞质壁分离或速度太慢。 （4）一定浓度的硝酸钾溶液、尿素等也能导致植物细胞质壁分离，但随后植物细胞可自动质壁分离复原。 实验三观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布 目的要求：初步掌握观察DNA和RNA在细胞中分布的方法。 1.实验原理： 甲基绿和吡罗红两种染色剂对DNA和RNA的亲和力不同，甲基绿使DNA呈现绿色，吡罗红使RNA 呈现红色。利用甲基绿、吡罗红混合染色剂将细胞染色，可以显示DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布。 盐酸能够改变细胞膜的通透性，加速染液进入细胞，同时使染色体中的DNA与蛋白质分离，有利于DNA与染色剂结合。 2.实验材料： 可用人的口腔上皮细胞或洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞 3.实验步骤： 取材制片→水解（用8%的盐酸溶液）→冲冼涂片→染色→观察（选择染色均匀、色泽浅的区域观察）（1）取口腔上皮细胞制片： ①载玻片要洁净，先在载玻片中央滴一滴质量分数为0.9%的NaCl溶液→②用消毒牙签在自己漱净的口