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专业四级英语知识点

1.首卷语:《阿基拉和拼字游戏》里的一段话

Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure, we ask ourselves: who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented and fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? Your playing small doesn't serve the world. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us..-- -----Marianne Williamson――译文:

我们最深刻的恐惧,不是我们的无能;我们最深刻的恐惧,是我们的力量无边无际。我们问自己,我就是那个天生丽质、聪明绝顶的人么?事实上,有什么你做不到的呢?我们生来就是要证明,自己有上帝赋予的光芒。

2.虚拟语气:

a.与现在事实相反,从句的谓语用动词过去式或were,主句的谓语

用would(should) + 动词原形if it were raining, we should delay the…

b. 与过去事实相反, 从句的谓语用had+过去分词,主句的谓语用

would(should) have+ 过去分词if it had rained, we should have

delayed the sports meeting.

c. 与将来事实相反, 从句的谓语用, 动词过去式,should +动词原

形,或were to + 动词原形;主句的谓语用

would(should, could, might)+ 动词原形。If it were to/should rain, we

would delay the meeting.

3.形容词排序:

熟记规则:大小形状和新老,颜色国际出(处)材料

多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为:①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词。例如:a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。those four old-looking, grey, wooden houses 所以这个翻译题我有一个中国制造木制红色

的大的园桌子可以翻译成

I have a big, round, red, Chinese wooden dinning table.

请你记住Opshacom example: a nice long new black British plastic pen

op代表opinion,指示人们观点的形容词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等;sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long,short,round, narrow 等;a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new,young等;c代表 colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red, black, orange等;o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如British,Canadian,German等;m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminum等

op代表

“美小圆旧黄,中国木书房”。

注:“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词;“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词;“圆”代表“形状类”形容词;“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词;“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词;“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词;“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词;“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词;“房”代表“中心名词”。例如:old red brick two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服;that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩;an large old brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。

限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠;

其中,“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数;中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;后位限定词有基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。“描绘”性形容词如:beautiful、bad、cold、great等。“大长高”表示大小、长

短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的词如:round square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等

4.情态动词:

didn't need to do:过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做needn't have

done:过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了must have done:对过去一定

做过某事推测couldn't have done:过去发生的事情"不可能已经"

could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了may / might

have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了。should have v-ed 和

ought not to / shouldn’t’t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、

“不满”,分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”

①used to +v意为“过去常常”,“过去一直”;he used to live here.他一

直住这.

②be used to +v-ing / n(名词)意为“习惯于”;I am used to living with

my grandma when I was a little girl.

③be used to +v意为“被用来(做某事)”wood is used to make paper.

5.英语倍数表达法

1."A + be + 倍数+ as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B".

2."A + be + 倍数+ 计量形容词比较级+ than + B

3."A + be + 倍数+ the + 计量名词+ of + B "

4."The + 计量名词+ of + A + be + 倍数+ that + of + B

6.such 和so的用法

so + adj.such + a(n) + n.

so + adj. + a(n) + n.such + n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. (pl.)such +n. (pl.)

so + adj. + n. [不可数]such +n. [不可数]

7. More than

More than+名词”表示“多于……”、“不仅是

She is more than a writer.

More than+数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意she has more than 3 apples.

More than+形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思

She is more than beautiful.

More...than...”中,肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的,约等

于“是……而不是……”She is more a composer than a singer.

more than”或“More...than...”+含“can”的分句时表示“否定意

No more...than...”表示“不……;不如……”

No more…...than...”的语义,也可用“not any more than...”来取代

8.一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结

构,should往往可以省略。

advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require,

request, suggest 等

9.反意疑问句

1)陈述部分的主语是I’m,疑问部分要用aren't I。例如:

I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?

2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。例如:

I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?

3)★陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom,

hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。

例如:Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从

不开花,对吗?

★当陈述句含有un-,dis-,in-,-less等否定词缀时,疑问部分

用否定含义

4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部

分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。例如:He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。例如

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?

6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或usedn't +主语。例如:

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?

7)陈述部分有had better + v.疑问句部分用hadn't you?例如:

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?

8)陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't +主语。例如:

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?

9)陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。例如:

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?

10)★陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。以下例子是当must作推测时解,例如:

He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?

★当must作”必需,必要”时解,反意疑问句仍用”mustn’t 或needn’t

He must study hard at English,mustn’t/needn’t he? 11)感叹句中,疑问部分一律用否定形式,be not +主语。例如: What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?

12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?

13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代,主语从句,不定式,everything, that, nothing, this,疑问部分主语用it。例如: Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?

14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:

a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如:

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, and he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?

b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如:

He said they wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?

c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe,

expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分

与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如:

I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?

15)陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数

he。例如:

Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)人人都知道答案,是这样吧?

Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)没人知道这件事,是吧?

16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如:

We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?

He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?

当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如:

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?

17)祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。例如:

Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?

Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧,好吗?

注意:Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?

Let me 开头的祈使句,后用”will you ?,won’t you?,may I?”

例如:

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,

好吗?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让

我们在阅览室等你,好吗?

Let me help you ,may I?

18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语

代词。例如:

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

你的表有问题,对不对?

There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦

吧,是吗?

19)must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

例如:

He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是

吧?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定

要下雨,是吗?

21)当陈述句前用so开头,反意疑问句用”同向疑问”方式

如:So you are getting married ,are you ?

22. A is to B what C is to D A对B就像C对D一样

10.高频词组

agree

sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见

sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人agree to sb 建议agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见

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