语法复习专题七——非谓语动词
一、 非谓语动词的分类
二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态
三、非谓语动词的使用条件
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别v-ed 过去分词 词
的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。
Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。
1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters.
3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。)
四、非谓语动词的用法
★非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义
?Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行
?Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质
?Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成
?We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成
?Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态
?We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来
?We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的
表达意义：
动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质；
动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态；
to do：将来, 目的。
1、v-ing作非谓语动词
（1）作主语
Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。
_____________________________________________________________________
2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。
_____________________________________________________________________
（2）作宾语
Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news.
★mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing 作宾语。
★在表示“需要” 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被
动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。
Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired. Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________ 2）他没有马上把消息告诉她。
_____________________________________________________________________
3）这种食物要煮过才能吃。
_____________________________________________________________________
（3）作表语
Eg: The story is so moving. The book is very interesting.
Ex. 4: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）这个问题真的很令人困惑。
______________________________________________________________________
2）他的话很让人失望。
______________________________________________________________________（4）作定语
Eg: China is a developing country.
The kite flying in the sky was made by him.
★位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。
如：a flying object
2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
an object flying in the air
★如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done, 通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。
如：the tall building being built now 正在被建的高楼
Ex. 5: 请用v-ing作定语，把以下句子翻译成英文。
1）这片正被破坏的森林曾经是很迷人的。
_____________________________________________________________________
2) 在一中学习的学生数量大约为8000人。
_____________________________________________________________________
3) 这是一部让人感动的电影。
_____________________________________________________________________
（5）v-ing作状语
1） v-ing短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作等。
★表时间
Eg: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.
(When) hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.
★表原因
Eg: Being poor, he couldn’t go to school.
Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note.
Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.
★表方式或伴随
Eg: She stood, waiting for a bus.
He sat there, reading a book.
The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
★表结果
Eg: The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.
Her husband died, leaving her four children.
They fired, killing many people in the street.
★表条件
Eg: Using your head, yo u’ll find a good way.
Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.
2）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：having done
Eg: Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.
Ex. 6: 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1) ____________ (not know) much French, they couldn’t make th emselves understood when they were in Paris.
2) ________________ (finish) all work, they went home.
3) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _____ (say) nothing about the argument.
4) ___________ (gather) around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
5) _______ (look) at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
6) It rained heavily in the south, _____ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
（6）v-ing作宾补
★have, leave, keep, see, watch, hear, find, notice, feel, catch等动词及with介词后可用v-ing形式作宾补。
Eg: Can you hear a girl singing an English song in the next room now?
With his mother helping him, he is getting on well with his work.
2、v-ed作非谓语动词
(1) 作表语
Eg: We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.
She felt confused, and even frightened.
Ex. 7: 用括号内的词的适当形式填空。
1) I’m _______________ (satisfy) with your answer.
2) He is not___________________ (interest) in research.
(2) 作定语
Eg: She has a pleased look on her face.
The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.
cooked food 熟食；成品 a written report 书面报告；报告书fried eggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋 boiled water 开水；白开水
frozen food 速冻食品 armed forces武装部队；武装力量
required courses 必修课 fallen leaves 落叶
finished products 成品 a forced smile 苦笑
Ex. 8: 用括号内词的适当形式填空。
1) What’s the language__________ (speak) in that country?
2) They’re problems___________ (leave) over by history.
3) The play_____________ (put on) by the teachers was a big success.
4) Is there anybody_________ (injury)?
(3) 作状语
Eg: Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
They came in, followed by some children.
Ex. 9: 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1) ___________ (give) good health, I hope to finish the work this year.
2) _____________ (depress), he went to see his elder sister.
3) When ____________(treat) with kindness, he was very amiable.
(4) 作宾补
1）在感官动词后面做宾补
常用的感官动词包括：see, notice, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find 等。Eg: I can smell something burnt.
2）在使役动词后面做宾补
常用的使役动词有：have, get, make, leave等。
Eg: She had her eyes examined yesterday.
3）在with/ without结构中
Eg：With so much work unfinished, I can’t leave now.
4）在某些动词之后，相当于省略了to be。
常见的动词有：want, would like, prefer等。
Eg: The manager wanted the work (to be) finished by 3:00
Ex. 10: 用括号里单词的适当形式填空。
1) I will have the clothes __________ (wash) tomorrow.
2) When they get back home, they found the room _________ (rob).
3) He would like the water _________ (boil) before drinking.
4) I saw a boy ___________ (knock) down by a car just now.
5) He shouted to make himself ________ (hear).
6) Without enough money __________ (leave), he can’t go on with his experiment.
3、to do作非谓语动词
(1) 不定式作补语
动词+宾语+不定式的结构
advise allow cause challenge command compel
drive enable encourage forbid force impel
induce instruct invite like/ love order permit
make let have want get warn
persuade request send tell train urge
Eg: Father will not allow us to play on the street.
The officer ordered his men to fire.
★注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
(2) 不定式作主语
不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
Eg: It's so nice to hear your voice.
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.
★It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。
Eg: It's very hard for him to study two languages.
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
Eg: It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
(3) 不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。
Eg: My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
(4) 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
Eg: I have a lot of work to do.
There was nothing to bring home that morning.
(5) 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
常用结构为to do , only to do (仅仅为了), in order to do, so as to do, so
(such) … as to… (如此…以便…)。
Eg: He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.
I come here only to say good-bye to you.
2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 Eg: I awoke to find my truck gone.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3）表原因
Eg: I'm glad to see you.
She wept to see the sight.
4）表示理由和条件
Eg: He must be a fool to say so.
You will do well to speak more carefully.
(6) 省去to 的动词不定式
1）情态动词（除ought外）后。
2）使役动词 let, have, make后，感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
★注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
I saw him dance.
= He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
= They were made to work the whole night.
3） would rather, had better句型后
4） Why don’t you ... /Why not ...句型后
Why not try once more? 何不再试一下?
5） help 后可带to，也可不带to, 如：help sb (to) do sth.
6） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去。
8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。
Eg: He is supposed (to be) nice.
(7) 不定式的特殊句型too … to …
too … to 太…以至于…
Eg: He is too excited to speak.
(8) 不定式的特殊句型so as to
否定式是so as not to do
Eg: Get up early so as to catch the bus.
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
五、v-ing 和v-ed的区别
1、作定语
a developed country / a developing country
a student playing with knife
people fighting against wars
a soldier wounded by knife
a road covered with snow
★v-ing 表示动作正在进行或者是主动关系。
v-ed表示已经发生的或者被动关系。
2、作状语
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.
Hearing the good news, we all jumped up with joy.
Seen from the hill, the whole town looks beautiful.
Given more time, we could finish the job.
★v-ing用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成主动关系。
v-ed用作状语时, 和主句的主语构成被动关系。
3、作宾补
They kept me waiting for a long time.
He watched the cars coming and going.
Mr. Li has Jim standing outside the door.
I had my MP3 repaired last week.
We heard this song sung in English.
No matter how I try, I just can’t make myself understood by the foreigner.★v-ing用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成主动关系，说明宾语一直在做或正在做某事。
v-ed用作宾补时, 和句子中的宾语构成被动关系，说明宾语的情况。
六、非谓语动词的结题步骤（三大步骤）
1. 判断用谓语/非谓语
谓语：一般形式 (根据一般的时态、语态变化)
非谓语：doing/ done/ to do
2. 找出逻辑主语
3. 选择非谓语动词的形式(表达意义)：v-ing, v-ed, to do
★Step 1是否使用非谓语
Ex. 11: 先判断一下句子是否有非谓语动词，再用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1）______ ( study) hard, you will pass the final exam.
2) She got off the bus and ______ (head) for home.
3) I think I _____ (be) not strict enough with you.
4) Look! The girl ________ (sing) is Alice and the one who___________ (dance) is Mary.
小结：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词, 没有从句，又没有连词的情况，那就要非谓语动词。
Ex. 12：用turn的正确形式填空。
1）If you ______ to the left, you'll find the post office.
2）______ to the left, and you'll find the post office.
3) ________ to the left, you'll find the post office.
★Step 2 找逻辑主语
Ex. 13: 观察以下句子，然后填空。
1) He sat at the desk, writing a letter.
2) Taken good care of, the trees will grow up quickly.
3) He sent me an E-mail, hoping to get further information.
以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。
4) The school built 10 years ago is Xiyi Middle school .
5) Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.
6) I’m calling to ask about the position advertised in China Daily.
以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。
7) I found them painting the windows.
8) I found the windows painted.
9) With his friend helping him，he finished his work quickly.
以上的非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分是________，它们的逻辑主语是__________________。
★Step 3 选择非谓语动词的形式
Ex. 14：用适当的非谓语动词形式填空。
1）T hey went to Shanghai, with their son ______ (leave) to his grandparents. 2）T hey are busy, __________ (prepare) files wanted in the interview.
七、独立主格结构
独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
★独立主格结构的功能和用法
（1）名词/代词+现在分词
Eg: Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.（2）名词/代词+过去分词
Eg: This done, we went home.
Homework finished, the boy went out to play.
（3）名词/代词+不定式
Eg: Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s.
（4）名词/代词+形容词
Eg: An air accident happened to the lane, nobody alive.
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
（5）名词(代词)+副词
Eg: The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
The lights off, we could not go on with the work.
（6）名词/代词+介词短语
Eg: Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.
★小结：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Ex. 15: 选择合适的选项。
（1）Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. that
（2）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
（3）He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it
B. them
C. which
D. that
非谓语动词综合练习
一、语篇练习
My sister, Paula, and her husband, Chris, had just finished 1________ (tuck) their young ones into bed one evening when they heard crying 2 ________ (come) from the children’s room. 3 ________ (rush) in, they found Tommy 4 _______ (cry) hysterically (歇斯底里地).
He had accidentally swallowed a 5p piece and was sure he was going to die. No amount of 5 _______ (talk) could change his mind. Trying to calm him, Chris
palmed a 5p coin that he happened to have in his pocket and pretended 6 ________ (remove) it from Tommy’s ear. Tommy, natura lly, was 7 _________ (delight). In a flas h, he snatched it from his father’s hand, 8 ________ it and demanded cheerfully—“Do it again, Dad!”
二、写作运用
把普通的句子变成高级的非谓语。
1．He is standing there and he is singing.
He is standing there, ____________________.
2．Mary finished her homework and then she went out to play.
___________________________, Mary went out to play.
3．The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students. The teacher entered the classroom, ____________________________________. 4．I’m afraid of being laughe d at. I usually keep silent when I meet foreigners.
（请用非谓语动词的形式，把以上两个句子合并为一个句子）
_____________________________________________________________________
三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空
1. The sun was setting when my car ______ (break) down near a remote and poor village. （2007年广东）
2. While she was getting me _________ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. （2007年广东）
3. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. （2009年广东）
4. He spit it out, ___________ (say) it was awful. （2010年广东）
5. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man________ (sit) at the front. （2011年广东）
6. He suddenly appeared in class one day, ________(wear) sun glasses. （2012年广东）
7. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he had run out of salt. (2013年广东)
8. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always _______ (think) that it was only small and not very important. （2013年广东）
9. _____________ (suffer) such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
10. I really appreciate ______________ (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
11. _______________ (knock) at the door before entering, please.
12. Sandy could do nothing but ____________ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.
13. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________________ (set up) some schools for poor children.
14. ______________ (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
15. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state–run companies are striving ______________ (make) their products more competitive.
16. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ (wait) for another hour.
17. When _______________ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.
18. With a lot of difficult problems ___________ (settle), the newly–elected president is having a hard time.
19. Having a trip abroad is certainly for the old couple, but it remains _________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.
20. Prices of daily goods ____________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.
21. — Why did you go back to the shop?
— I left my friend ____________ (wait) there.
22. The manager, _________ (know) his factory’s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
23. Mr. Smith, __________ (tired) of the _________ (bore) speech, started to read a novel.
24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ___________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
25. The teacher asked us ______________ (not make) so much noise.
26. ______________ (give) time, he’ll make a first–class tennis player.
27. He looked around and caught a man ___________ (put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
28. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything __________ (buy)?
29. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _________ (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
30. ___________ (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
31. The storm left, _________ (cause) a lot of damage to this area.
32. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____________ (arrive) at the party, but not _________ (leave).
33. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______________ (go on).
34. You should understa nd the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___________ (explain) often enough.
35. __________ (put) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
36. With no rain for three months and food supplies _________ (run) out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
37. A remote–controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel yesterday, _______________ (injure) at least 12 people.
38. —What’s the matter with Tim?
—Oh. Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never ___________ (find) again.
39. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______________ (finish), we refused the offer.
40. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if _______________ (say) that he had something to tell the doctor.
41. Though ______________ (lack) natural resources, the area is well developed.
42. It is silly of me ___________ (put) all eggs in one basket. That was the worst mistake I’ve ever made.
43. My job was to wash bottles, which would then be filled with wine, or ____________ (put) the filled bottles in boxes.
非谓语动词练习答案
Ex. 1： 1. telling 2. to be held 3. singing 4. talking with 5. to live, to struggle
Ex. 2： 1) Talking too much will bring you trouble.
2) Walking is a good form of exercise for both the old and the young.
Ex. 3： 1) Do you mind being alone? 2) He delayed telling her the news. 3) Before eating, this kind of food needs cooking.
Ex. 4： 1) This question is really puzzling. 2) His words are quite disappointing.
Ex. 5： 1) The forest being destroyed used to be very fascinating.
2) The number of students studying in Middle School is about 8000.
3) This is a moving movie.
Ex. 6：1) Not knowing 2) Having finished 3) saying
4) Gathering 5) Looking 6) causing
Ex. 7： 1) satisfied 2) interested
Ex. 8： 1) spoken 2) left 3) put on 4) injured
Ex. 9： 1) Given 2) Depressed 3) treated
Ex. 10：1) washed 2) robbed 3) boiled 4) knocked 5) heard 6) left
Ex. 11：1) Studying 2) headed 3) am 4) singing, is dancing
Ex. 12：1) turn 2) Turn 3) Turning
：状语，句子的主语；定语，所修饰的词；宾补，所在结构的宾语
Ex. 14：1) left 2) preparing
Ex. 15： (1) A (2)B (3)C
非谓语动词综合练习
一、语篇练习
1. tucking
2. coming
3. Rushing
4. crying
5. talking
6. to remove
7. delighted
8. swallowed
二、写作运用
1. singing
2. Having finished her homework
3. followed by a group of students
4. Being afraid of being laughed at, I usually keep silent when meeting foreigners.
三、请用以下动词的适当形式填空。
1. broke
2. settled
3. to please
4. saying
5. sitting
6. wearing
7. found 8. thinking 9. Having suffered 10. having 11. Knock 12. admit
up 14. Having suffered 15. to make 16. waiting 17. completed
18. to settle 19. to be seen 20. bought 21. waiting 22. knowing
23. tired, boring 24. smoking 25. not to make 26. Given 27. putting 28. to buy 29. seated 30. Faced 31. causing 32. arriving, leaving
33. going on 34. explained 35. Put 36. running 37. injuring 38. to be found 39. not finished 40. to say 41. lacking 42. to put 43. to put
非谓语动词( 2015届高三. 咏华) 非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词, 有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed分词。 一.非谓语动词的形式变化(结合前面的“时态和语态”专题，推测非谓语动词的各种时态和语态相结合的 二．分析下列各组句子，划出非谓语部分，判断非谓语在句中充当的成分，总结非谓语动词在句中充当同一种成分时的用法及区别。 1．①Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 ②To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ③To obey the law is important. = It is important to obey the law. ④It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 归纳：作主语 ●通常，v-ing表抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式表具体的或一次性的将来动作。 ●不定式和v-ing作主语常放在句末，主语位置用形式主语it，即 It + is/was +adj./n.（如：easy/difficult/(im)possible/likely/good/a good idea等）+ to do sth. 但It + is/was + 某些adj./n. (worth/useless/no use/no good/of little use/ of little good) + v-ing. 2．①The story is interesting. ②My job is teaching. (= Teaching is my job.) ③I am deeply devoted to education. ④The window is broken. ⑤My dream is to be admitted into an ideal university. 归纳：作表语 ●v-ing 表主语（物）的性质（令人…….的）或内容； ●v-ed 表主语（人）的情感（感到…….的）或所处的状态； ●不定式表将来动作，在表“目的aim/goal/purpose、愿望wish/hope、梦想dream、 需求demand”等的名词作主语时其表语用不定式。 3.①Shall we go to the swimming pool ? ②This is an interesting story. ③The excited fans are shouting and waving to the film star. ④China is a developing country while America is a developed country. ⑤I have a lot of papers to type. ⑥She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
高考复习之非谓语动词（一） Task 1 ? Listen and fill in the blanks 1.When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, __________ for my favorite song. When they played, I’d sing along. It made me _________. ?Yesterday once more 2.Sorry I never told you all I wanted __________. Now it’s too late _________. Cause you’ve flown away, so far away. Never had I imagined __________ without your smile. _________ and _________ you hear me, it keeps me alive. ?A sweet day Task 2 做题 Task 3 总结解题技巧 一、___________________________________________ 1.They included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a roof over the top. 2.What makes Qigong special is that it can be done ___________(lie), sitting, or standing. 二、___________________________________________ 3.First, __________(talk) to someone you trust is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. 4._____________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes. 三、___________________________________________ 5.___________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 6.Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his __________(lose) shoe in a basket. 7.To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d lik e you to look at a study ____________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 四、___________________________________________ 8.Today there are more airplanes _________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 9.There’s a note ___________(attach) to the door saying when the shop will open again. 10.There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something _________(see) or do. 五、___________________________________________ 11.Children, when _____________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 12.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while ___________ (enjoy) some light music. 六、____________________________________________ 13.With all the porridge _________ (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. 14.I stood before her with my heart ___________ (beat) fast. 15.Much time _________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
非谓语动词基本概念及用法 一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed Thinking about these examples: the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥 二、谓语与非谓语的比较 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。 例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time. A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。 Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. It is not an easy thing to master a language. My suggestion is to start work at once. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. Have you anything to declare? He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. Is this the book recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important. The meeting being held is very important. The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 被动 sth.
非谓语动词 动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。 高考重点要求： 1、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式 2、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式 一、理论知识（《全优课堂》P302-304页 请找出以下句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词 The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food. 谓语动词____________________ 非谓语动词___________________ 非谓语动词的三种基本形式 表主动，将来_____________ 表主动，进行_____________ 表被动，完成_____________ 分析一下不定式的形式及意义 1/ We all expect the boy to win the match. ( to do 表______________) 2/ The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance. ( to be done 表_____________)
3/ Tom was considered to have broken the cup. ( to have done 表_________________) 4/ The cup was considered to have been broke n by Tom. ( to have been done 表______________) 5/ The boy is pretending to be listening carefully. ( to be doing 表___________________ ) 分析一下动词ing的形式及意义 1/ The girl standing over there is my sister. ( doing 表__________________) 2/ The road being repaired now is called Binjiang Road. ( being done表_______________ ) 3/ Having finished her homework, Lily went out to play table tennis. ( having done 表_______) 4/ Having been told the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. (having been done 表___________) 分析一下动词ed的形式及意义 The photo taken by the photographer is quite eye-catching. ( done 表_____________________) 非谓语动词的否定式：not 放在该非谓语动词之前 如：not to be done, not having been done, not done Any difference between “done” and “having been done”? 被告知了这令人兴奋的消息，他感到兴奋。
非谓语动词 不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。 (2009·辽宁卷)To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。 2．不定式用于so...as to ...，such...as to；enough to；too...to；only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？ He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。 He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。 专家提醒：“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。 1.(2010·江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________. A．to discover B．to be discovered D ．being discovered C．discovered 解析：句意为：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的，而且actors与discover之间为被动关系，所以B项为答案。 答案： B 2．(2010·合肥第二次教学检测)—Why are the students working so hard these days. —________ready for the ing entrance examination. A．To get B．Get D ．Got ．CGetting 可知，此句是省略句，”为了即将来临的入学考试准备“考查非谓语动词。根据答语解析： 不定式作状语，表示目的。 答案： A 3．(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad. A．buy B．to buy D．to have bought C．buying 解析：句意为：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看，本空在句中作目的状语，用不定式，因此A的动词原形、C的现在分词、D的不定式完成式都不符合题意。 答案： B
语法复习专题七——非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词的分类 二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态 三、非谓语动词的使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别 的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。 v-ed 过去分词
Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。 1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。) 四、非谓语动词的用法 ★非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义 ?Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行 ?Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质 ?Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成 ?We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成 ?Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态 ?We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来 ?We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的 表达意义： 动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质； 动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态； to do：将来, 目的。 1、v-ing作非谓语动词 （1）作主语 Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。 _____________________________________________________________________ （2）作宾语 Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news. ★mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。 ★在表示“需要” 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。 Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired. Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________
非谓语动词（1） 1.形式：动词不定时（doing）, 动名词（doing）,分词（doing 和done ） 2.导入： 练：1.）Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 2.）With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money o ut of the bank ________ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 3.）I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 4.）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 5.）It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 6.）I had great difficulty _______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 7. ）Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 8. _______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 9. That is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 10. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 一．动词不定式的用法 判断下面不定式在句中的成分 1.To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult. （） 2. He wants to go abroad. （） 3. My dream is to become a singer. （） 4. Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. （） 5. I have some clothes to wash. （） 6.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. （） 结论：不定式在句中可以充当__________________________________________. I．不定式做主语： 不定式做主语可直接放于句首，但很多情况下，用______做形式主语（尤其在疑问句和感叹句中）常见句型：1.）1）It is + adj. +for sb /of sb+to do sth. 常用介词for 的词_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 常用介词of 的词有_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2.)It is + n + to do sth.意思是_______________________________ 常见名词_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (3) It takes/needs/requires+ sometime/sth. +to do意思是：_______________ ⅱ做宾语 1.(2005天津卷) I don’t want _________like I’m speaking ill of
高考英语非谓语动词教学案 在做单选题，如果遇到非谓语动词，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。 第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。 非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表 注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语； 2).现在分词完成式不作定语。 1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。 例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us. 2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment . 4).Please show us how to do that. 2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。 例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock. （“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though 等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.） 2).He came here only to say good-bye to us. （不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号） 3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic. （不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果） 第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。 1．非谓语用作主语或状语时，一般根据它们的逻辑主语来判断主被动形式的选用；若无逻辑主语，则以主句主语为判断对象。
非谓语动词学案 I.V-ing (现在分词/动名词) 注意： 1. V-ing的否定形式是由not 加V-ing构成。如： _______________________ his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 ________________________ made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. V-ing的一般式和完成式： V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he is interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. V-ing的被动式： V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。根据V-ing动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。 如： The question _________________________ is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 ___________________________ (criticize) by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 二、V-ing的语法作用 V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 （一）V-ing（短语）作主语： _______________ is easier than doing. 说比做容易。注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time _______________________________. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用V-ing分词。如： There is no ____________________ about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 2. V -ing作宾语： ①V–ing作动词宾语。如： I suggest _______________________________. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 ②V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider ___________________________? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ ③V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 He went to London in the hope of ______________________________. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 此类短语还有很多：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from （防止，阻止）, s top…from（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？ 另外，V-ing可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如： He left ahead of time ____________________________.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。_________________________________, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫(sew)以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。 只能用V-ing作宾语的动词及动词短语 1). advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, dislike, appreciate
非谓语动词复习学案 动词的形式猜成份 1. Taking exercise can build up our body and keep a clear mind. ( 主) 2. They can get more detailed information from the original. ( 定) 3. Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society”. ( 表) 4. Compared with the tuition fees of the South University, I can save 3000 yuan every year. ( 状) 5.To keep fit, we should have variou s healthy diets. ( 状) 6. They were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky. ( 宾补) 7. After a brief discussion, we decided to put up a wall newspaper for our class. （宾） 8. Not knowing what to do, he turned to Miss Wang. ( 状) 重点再现----非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 (1). 不定式与动名词作主语表语的比较 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. To arrive there in half an hour is impossible. 不定式表示一次性的具体的动作；动词－ing形式表示一般的泛指或习惯性的动作。 ★①It is /was +adj/n+for/of sb to do sth ★②不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数 (2). V-ing与V-ed作表语的比较 V-ing指“使/令人感到……”V-ed指某人因……觉得…… The maths problem is very __puzzling____ and he looks ___puzzled___ about it. (puzzle) please, satisfy, encourage, excite, interest, move, frighten, surprise, puzzle, disappoint, worry, tire , delight，etc. ★ A ____surprised____ look appeared on his face when he heard that his friend had died. (surprise) ★ From his ___puzzled___ look on his face, I know clearly that he didn’t understand what I said. (puzzle) ★ His ____frightening_____ look ____frightened____ everyone. (frighten) 难点分析 (1) 分词作状语的基本原则是分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。 ①As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (原因状语) =____Lost in thought____, he almost ran into the car in front of him ②If the drug is taken according to the directions, the drug will have no side effect. (条件状语=___Taken according to the directions____ , the drug will have no side effect. ③Although his parents lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. (让步状语) =____Lacking money___, his parents managed to send him to university. ④After the old couple had the supper, the old couple went out for a walk. (时间状语) =___Having had the supper____, the old couple went out for a walk. (2) 连词＋分词的省略结构 1. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compare 2. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ________ with others. A. talk B. talking C. having talked D. talked 5. He shouted loudly as if ________ by the snake. A. bite B. to bite C. bitten D. biting (3) 独立结构（与句子主语无关） V-ing： generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/by, considering, taking…into consideration, seeing, supposing, providing V-ed： given provided that, compared to/with to do： to tell the truth, to start with, to begin with, to be frank, to make matters worse (even worse,