非谓语动词基本概念及用法
一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed
Thinking about these examples:
the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥
二、谓语与非谓语的比较
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。
例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.
A. to stand
B. standing
C. stood
D. would
stand
分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。
Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分
To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
My suggestion is to start work at once.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
Have you anything to declare?
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
Did you see anyone enter the house?
He saw his father talking with his teacher.
I once heard him sing this song.
The boss made them work from morning till night.
They were made to work from morning till night.
The situation is encouraging.
She looked disappointed.
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.
The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built
in 1955.
Is this the book recommended by our teacher?
The meeting held last week is very important.
The meeting being held is very important.
The meeting to be held next week is very important.
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.
被动
sth.
feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride 一.作主语
表示经常性，常用动名词作主语，
表示某一次，常用动词不定式作主语，
有时为了对称，主语，宾语（或表语）要么都用不定时，要么都用动名词
1.___ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk
B. Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
2. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly
B. finishing quickly
C. to finish quickly
D. finish
quickly
答案: 1
.
B 2
.
C
考点1.动名词的完成式一般不做主语
1)It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have
spent on his lessons.（D为什么不行？）
A. to have played
B. playing
C. played
D. having played
2)________ the homework made his father lose his temper. （但复合结构可以）
A. The boy’s not having done
B. The boy not having done
C. The boy’s having not done
D. The boy having not done
答案: 1
.
B 2
.
A
二.作宾语动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语
考点2.有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语
这类及物动词常见的有：
agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起 agree 同意 ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等 promise 答应want 想要 wish 希望
考点3.有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语
下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语：
admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay 推迟 deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许 practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off 推迟report 报告 risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解 feel like想做某事
考点4.有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词，但意思上有差别
forget ，remember跟动名词作宾语，记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式，还未作
mean to do, 打算作某事；mean doing, 意味着
try to do , 尽力作某事；try doing, 尝试着作某事
want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动；
regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔；regret to say, 很抱歉的说
like/ hate doing, 经常性的， like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事，used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事 can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事； stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
考点5.except, but后跟不定式时，如果前面有实意动词do的形式，不用to, 否则要带to
1)There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows.
A. to wait
B. waiting
C. wait
D. waits
2)Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ___ the flowing of
the smog around me. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy
答案: 1
. C 2
.
A
三.作表语
考点6.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语，表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语
( 表示某一次，如果主语中有do时，不定式省略to)
1)Her wish is __________ an engineer.
A. becoming
B. become
C. to become
D. being come
2)Some people’s greatest pleasure is __________.
A. fishing
B. to fish
C. to be fishing
D. being fish
3)What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was ___ the joy with
all the Chinese. 4) A. share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share
答案: 1
.
C 2
.
A 3
.
A 考点7.Remain to be done 还有待于，还要看---
1)It remains _____ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. to see
2)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____
whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
答案: 1
.
B 2
.
B
四.作定语
现在分词，过去分词，动词不定式都可作定语，作定语时，看与所修饰词之间的关系
如果构成主动关系，（表正在进行），用现在分词
如果构成被动关系，（已完成），用过去分词
表将来具体某一次，用动词不定式：
动名词作定语，表功能，如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词，后者为现在分词
五.作状语
非谓语作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系。和句子主语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作状语，如：
1)The secretary worked all night long, ____ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
和句子主语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作状语，如：
2)____ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.
A. Taken
B. Taking
C. Having taken
D. Being taken
表示“为了…”，常用不等式作状语，这时，状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比，是将来，例如：
3)___ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
分析：例1. Prepare与work是同时的，又是主动，因此选B
例2和句子主语构成被动关系，因此选A
例3和句子主语构成主动，又有为了之意，因此选A
考点8.结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时，表示一种自然的结果
动词不定时作结果状语，表示一种出乎意料的结果
1)The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth
on February1, 2003, ____ all seven astronauts abroad.
A. having killed
B. killing
C. being killed
D. killed
2)I went to see him, ____ him out.
A. finding
B. find
C. only to find
D. to finding
3)【10江苏】28. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged
by the earthquake in Yushu, ________the students to return to their classrooms.
w
A. enabling
B. having enabled
C. to enable
D. to have enabled
1 . B 2
.
C 3
.
A
考点9.目的状语
动词不定式常作目的状语
1)【2011浙江卷】19. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around
the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were
cheered
2)【2011重庆卷】29.More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be
produced _______people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise
B. raising
C. to have raised
D. having raised
答案: 1
. C 2
.
A
考点10.Have--- in doing句式
Have difficulty/trouble/a problem/ a good time/a bad time in doing something 中in 可以省略，此时-ing为现在分词，相当于时间状语
1)You can never imagine what difficulty I have ____ your house.
A. found
B. finding
C. to find
D. for finding
2)Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ____ the exam.
A. pass
B. to pass
C. passed
D. passing
3)【08四川卷’14】We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the
experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
答案: 1
. B 2
.
D 3
.
D
六.作补语：
非谓语动词作补语时，要看其与句子宾语之间的关系
考点11.和宾语构成被动关系时，用过去分词作补语，
1)The traffic problem we are looking forward to seeing__ should have attracted the
local government’s attention .
A. solving
B. solved
C. to solve
D. solve
2)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
答案: 1
.
B 2
.
C
考点12.和宾语构成主动关系时，用现在分词作补语，
catch somebody doing something逮住某人做某事
Leave somebody doing something
Find somebody doing something
Keep somebody doing something
考点13.动词不定式作宾补
甲.一感二听看有五，let, make, have后面宾补不带to
即：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice, look at；,后不带to
不过感官动词后也可跟现在分词作宾语，表示看到听到时动作正在进行；跟省略to 的不定式
作宾补时，强调看到听到了整个过程或事实
例：I saw him run into the building. (整个过程)
just then, I heard someone calling for help. (正在进行)
乙.常用带to 的不定式做宾补的动词
Want/ would like/ask/tell/get somebody to do something
丙.Help 后面宾补可以带to也可不带to
(其后直接跟宾语时，带to不带to均可
She often helps her mother ( to) do house work.
She often helps ( to) do house work.
丁.作宾补时主动语态中不带to的变为被动时要带to
1)--Why did you sell this old TV at such a low price?
--I did only because I was made ____ do so.
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. to doing
2)Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
3). The areoplane was noticed __________ at six.
A. take off
B. to take off
C. get off
D. to get off
答案: 1
. B 2
.
B 3
.
B
2.Have 后宾补的几种情况
Have somebody do something 让某人做某事
Have somebody doing something让某人一直做某事
Have something done请别人做某事
1)Why do you have the water __________ all the time?
A. ran
B. to be running
C. running
D. being
running
2)You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ____ often enough.
A. explaining
B. to explain
C. explain
D. explained
3)Who did the teacher have ___ an article for the wall newspaper just now?
A. writing
B. write
C. to write
D. written
4)【08上海春卷’39】If we have illegal immigrants ________ in, many local workers
will lose their jobs
A. came
B. coming
C. to come
D. having come
5)【2011陕西卷】14.Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.
A. check
B. checking
C. to check
D. checked
答案: 1
. C 2
.
D 3
.
B 4
.
B 5
.
D
七.非谓语的完成式
动词不定式、现在分词都有完成式。主要是把非谓语的动作和谓语的动作相比较，非谓语的动作发生在谓语动作的前面。与谓语动作是什么时态无关。如：
动词不定式、现在分词的完成式
_______ a letter, he decided to sent a telegram.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received 谓语动作是 decide, 非谓语动作是decided;没有收到来信在先，然后才决定
---Is Bob still performing?
---I am afraid not. He is said ___ the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left
B. to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left 谓语动作是is said, 是一般现在时，说明现在情况，非谓语动作是离开舞台；先离开后来人们才说。
动名词的完成式
I remember having lent you $100, but you haven’t paid it back.
谓语动作是remember,现在记得；而非谓语lent, 应在remember动作之前。不过我们也可说I remember lending you $100. 动名词的完成式在非正式文体中常用一般式代替。这是动名词的完成式不常考的原因。
过去分词没有完成式
为什么呢？看下例：_____ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.
A. Having told
B. Having been told
C. Tell
D. Telling
非谓语和句子主要构成了被动，但B可以理解为现在分词完成被动式
八.非谓语的进行式
When the teacher entered ,the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment.
He is thought to be hiding in the woods.
1)My son pretended _______ when I came back.
A. to sleep
B. sleeping
C. being sleeping
D. to be sleeping
2)【2011上海卷】Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____
the art of communicating face-to-face.
A. losing
B. to be losing
C. to be lost
D. having lost
答案: 1
.
D 2 B
九.非谓语的被动式
1)Who is the man ____now?
A. operating on
B. operated on
C. being operated on
D. to be operated
on
2)The building ____ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.
A. to paint
B. being painted
C. to have painted
D. painting
3)The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A. discussed; discussed
B. discussing; had discussed
C. being discussed; discussed
D. discussing; discussing
4)_______ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that
every driver must obey in this city.
A. Being examined
B. Examined
C. Examining
D. Having been examined
5)We asked ___ to work in the countryside.
A. to be sent
B. to send
C. to be sending
D. sending
答案: 1
. C 2
.
B 3
.
C 4
.
A 5
.
A
非谓语动词强化训练
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The children all turned (look)at the famous actress as she entered the
classroom.
解析：当那女明星走进教室时，所有的孩子都转身看她。用不定式表目的。
答案：to look
2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit (grow) on his own farm.
解析：早餐他只喝在自家农场种植的新鲜水果制成的果汁。此处用过去分词作后置定语，表示已经完成及被动的意思。
答案：grown
3.All of them try to use the power of the workstation (present) information
in a more effective way.
解析：句意：他们都努力使用工作站的力量以便用一种更有效的方式提供情报。to present information in a more effective way是不定式短语作目的状语。
答案：to present
4. (bite) twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we
chained our dog.
解析：由于被咬过两次，除非我们把狗拴起来，否则那邮递员不愿意送信给我们。the postman与bite是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，表被动。
答案：Bitten
5.A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，(kill)
all four people on board.
解析：一架小型飞机坠毁于城市以东5公里处的山坡上，机上四人全部死亡。表主动，用现在分词作结果状语。
答案：killing
6.With the government's aid，those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
解析：在政府的援助下，那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。用过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those。
答案：affected
7.Bill suggested (hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
解析：比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词作宾语。
答案：holding
8.David threatened (report)his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
解析：戴维威胁说，他邻居如果不赔偿损失，他就要报案。threaten后接不定式作宾语且report和David是主动关系。
答案：to report
9. (complete) the project in time，the staff were working at weekends. 解析：由后半句句意“全体工作人员周末都在工作”可知，前半句表示“为了及时完成那个项目”，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
答案：To complete
10. (encourage) by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
解析：受科技进步的鼓舞，许多农民已经在他们的土地上建造了风力发电厂。根据句意，encourage和farmers是被动关系，因此用过去分词。
答案：Encouraged
11.When we visited my old family home，memory came (flood) back.
解析：现在分词短语作方式状语。
答案：flooding
12. (tire) and short of breath，Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
解析：安迪和卢比第一批到达泰山之巅，筋疲力尽且呼吸困难。形容词作状语，tired 为形容词化的过去分词。
答案：Tired
13. (give) the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
解析：如果训练得当，这些小足球运动员有朝一日可能成为国际级球星。主语players 与give是被动关系，用过去分词作条件状语，相当于if they are given。
答案：Given
14.The government plans to bring in new laws (force)parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
解析：句意：政府计划制定新的法律，迫使父母对孩子的教育承担更多的责任。forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰laws。
答案：forcing
15.The play (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. 解析：根据句中时间状语next month，可知这里表示将要发生的动作，所以用不定式，动词produce与主语the play之间构成动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动形式。
答案：to be produced
16.I still remember (take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. 解析：remember to do sth.记得要做某事(该事情未发生)；remember doing sth.记得做过某事(该事情已经发生)。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这里说的是记得已经发生的事情；再者take的宾语就是句子的主语，二者间是动宾关系，用被动形式，所以选being taken。
答案：being taken
17.They use computers to keep the traffic (run) smoothly.
解析：keep sth. doing表示“使某动作持续发生”。
答案：running
18.With the world changing fast，we have something new (deal) with all by
ourselves every day.
解析：不定式在这里作后置定语，修饰something，表示要做的事情。其他选项不合题意。
答案：to deal
19.Michael's new house is like a huge palace， (compare) with his old one.
解析：compare的逻辑主语是句子的主语Michael’s new house，且二者之间为动宾关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语。
答案：compared
20.At the age of 29，Dave was a worker，(live) in a small apartment near
Boston and (wonder) what to do about his future.
解析：分析句子结构可知，空白处在句子中作状语，同时，根据and连接的动词跟其逻辑主语的关系可知，应该用动词的-ing形式。
答案：living；wondering
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
Happiness is something to do with simplicity.
I 1 (pass)the house when I suddenly heard a shout of joy come from the other side of the wall.
I peered over.There stood Sir Henry 2(do)nothing less than a dance of completely unashamed ecstasy (入迷).Even when he observed my 3 (puzzle)face staring over the wall，he did not seem 4 (embarrass)，but shouted for me 5 (climb)over.
“Come and see，Jan.Look！I have done it at last！”
There he was， 6 (hold) a small box of earth in his hand.I observed three tiny shoots out of it.
“And there were only three！”he said，his eyes 7 (laugh) to heaven.
“Three what？”I asked.
“Peach stones (桃核)”，he replied.“I've always wanted to make peach stones 8
(grow)，even since I was a child，when I used to take them home after a party.And I used to plant them，and then 9 (forget)when I planted them.But now at last I have done it，and，what's more，I had only three stones，and there you are，one，two，three shoots，”he counted.
And Sir Henry ran off，10 (call)for his wife to come and see his achievement —his achievement of simplicity.
语篇解读：幸福同纯朴之心有关系。仅仅因为三颗桃核发了芽，就让亨利爵士欣喜若狂，如孩童般地陶醉在成功的幸福之中。
1.解析：句型be doing sth.when...，正在做某事，这时候……。
答案：was passing
2.解析：现在分词作伴随状语。
答案：doing
3.解析：过去分词作定语。此句意为“他发现了我在墙头张望的迷惑不解的面孔”。
答案：puzzled
4.解析：过去分词作表语。“他似乎并不感到窘迫”。
答案：embarrassed
5.解析：“大声呼喊叫我爬过墙去”。
答案：to climb
6.解析：现在分词作伴随状语。“他站在那里，手里拿着一小盒土”。
答案：holding
7.解析：用于独立主格结构，现在分词表主动。此句可译为“他眉开眼笑地说”。
答案：laughing
8.解析：不定式作宾补，因动词为make，省略to，即make sb.do。
答案：grow
9.解析：与used to为并列谓语，用一般过去时。
答案：forgot
10.解析：现在分词作伴随状语，“亨利爵士跑了起来，叫他的妻子来看他的成功之作——
他的单纯纯朴的成功之作。”
答案：calling
非谓语动词( 2015届高三. 咏华) 非谓语动词就是在句中不作谓语的动词, 有动词不定式、动词-ing形式和动词-ed分词。 一.非谓语动词的形式变化(结合前面的“时态和语态”专题，推测非谓语动词的各种时态和语态相结合的 二．分析下列各组句子，划出非谓语部分，判断非谓语在句中充当的成分，总结非谓语动词在句中充当同一种成分时的用法及区别。 1．①Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 ②To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ③To obey the law is important. = It is important to obey the law. ④It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 归纳：作主语 ●通常，v-ing表抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式表具体的或一次性的将来动作。 ●不定式和v-ing作主语常放在句末，主语位置用形式主语it，即 It + is/was +adj./n.（如：easy/difficult/(im)possible/likely/good/a good idea等）+ to do sth. 但It + is/was + 某些adj./n. (worth/useless/no use/no good/of little use/ of little good) + v-ing. 2．①The story is interesting. ②My job is teaching. (= Teaching is my job.) ③I am deeply devoted to education. ④The window is broken. ⑤My dream is to be admitted into an ideal university. 归纳：作表语 ●v-ing 表主语（物）的性质（令人…….的）或内容； ●v-ed 表主语（人）的情感（感到…….的）或所处的状态； ●不定式表将来动作，在表“目的aim/goal/purpose、愿望wish/hope、梦想dream、 需求demand”等的名词作主语时其表语用不定式。 3.①Shall we go to the swimming pool ? ②This is an interesting story. ③The excited fans are shouting and waving to the film star. ④China is a developing country while America is a developed country. ⑤I have a lot of papers to type. ⑥She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.
高考复习之非谓语动词（一） Task 1 ? Listen and fill in the blanks 1.When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, __________ for my favorite song. When they played, I’d sing along. It made me _________. ?Yesterday once more 2.Sorry I never told you all I wanted __________. Now it’s too late _________. Cause you’ve flown away, so far away. Never had I imagined __________ without your smile. _________ and _________ you hear me, it keeps me alive. ?A sweet day Task 2 做题 Task 3 总结解题技巧 一、___________________________________________ 1.They included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a roof over the top. 2.What makes Qigong special is that it can be done ___________(lie), sitting, or standing. 二、___________________________________________ 3.First, __________(talk) to someone you trust is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. 4._____________(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes. 三、___________________________________________ 5.___________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 6.Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his __________(lose) shoe in a basket. 7.To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d lik e you to look at a study ____________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 四、___________________________________________ 8.Today there are more airplanes _________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 9.There’s a note ___________(attach) to the door saying when the shop will open again. 10.There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something _________(see) or do. 五、___________________________________________ 11.Children, when _____________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 12.After school, I went back home on time to help my parents do some housework while ___________ (enjoy) some light music. 六、____________________________________________ 13.With all the porridge _________ (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. 14.I stood before her with my heart ___________ (beat) fast. 15.Much time _________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
非谓语动词基本概念及用法 一、动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-ed Thinking about these examples: the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥 二、谓语与非谓语的比较 非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如：他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。 例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time. A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。 Exercise：找出“非谓语动词”，并判断作何成分 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. It is not an easy thing to master a language. My suggestion is to start work at once. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. Have you anything to declare? He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly. Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once heard him sing this song. The boss made them work from morning till night. They were made to work from morning till night. The situation is encouraging. She looked disappointed. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. Is this the book recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important. The meeting being held is very important. The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 被动 sth.
非谓语动词 动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。 高考重点要求： 1、注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的时态形式 2、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式 一、理论知识（《全优课堂》P302-304页 请找出以下句子的谓语动词和非谓语动词 The dinosaur was forced to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal needing less space and food. 谓语动词____________________ 非谓语动词___________________ 非谓语动词的三种基本形式 表主动，将来_____________ 表主动，进行_____________ 表被动，完成_____________ 分析一下不定式的形式及意义 1/ We all expect the boy to win the match. ( to do 表______________) 2/ The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance. ( to be done 表_____________)
3/ Tom was considered to have broken the cup. ( to have done 表_________________) 4/ The cup was considered to have been broke n by Tom. ( to have been done 表______________) 5/ The boy is pretending to be listening carefully. ( to be doing 表___________________ ) 分析一下动词ing的形式及意义 1/ The girl standing over there is my sister. ( doing 表__________________) 2/ The road being repaired now is called Binjiang Road. ( being done表_______________ ) 3/ Having finished her homework, Lily went out to play table tennis. ( having done 表_______) 4/ Having been told the bad news, he couldn’t help crying. (having been done 表___________) 分析一下动词ed的形式及意义 The photo taken by the photographer is quite eye-catching. ( done 表_____________________) 非谓语动词的否定式：not 放在该非谓语动词之前 如：not to be done, not having been done, not done Any difference between “done” and “having been done”? 被告知了这令人兴奋的消息，他感到兴奋。
非谓语动词 不定式作状语时相当于一个状语从句，不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。 1．不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，这里往往译作“为了，想要”。 (2009·辽宁卷)To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。 2．不定式用于so...as to ...，such...as to；enough to；too...to；only to等结构中作结果状语。Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle? 你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？ He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can inflect others.他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。 He hurried to the booking office only to have been told all the tickets had been sold out. 他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。 专家提醒：“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell 和主语He 之间存在动宾关系，因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。 1.(2010·江西卷)There were many talented actors out there just waiting________. A．to discover B．to be discovered D ．being discovered C．discovered 解析：句意为：很多有天赋的演员就在那里等待被发现。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。此题空格处用不定式来表示目的，而且actors与discover之间为被动关系，所以B项为答案。 答案： B 2．(2010·合肥第二次教学检测)—Why are the students working so hard these days. —________ready for the ing entrance examination. A．To get B．Get D ．Got ．CGetting 可知，此句是省略句，”为了即将来临的入学考试准备“考查非谓语动词。根据答语解析： 不定式作状语，表示目的。 答案： A 3．(2010·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank________presents for my dad. A．buy B．to buy D．to have bought C．buying 解析：句意为：父亲节就要到了，我已经从银行取了些钱出来准备给爸爸买些礼物。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。从语境看，本空在句中作目的状语，用不定式，因此A的动词原形、C的现在分词、D的不定式完成式都不符合题意。 答案： B
语法复习专题七——非谓语动词 一、 非谓语动词的分类 二、 非谓语动词的语法功能及时态、语态 三、非谓语动词的使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别 的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。 v-ed 过去分词
Ex. 1: 找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）。 1. Tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 2. The news meeting, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. 5. To live is to struggle. (生活就是斗争。) 四、非谓语动词的用法 ★非谓语三种基本形式表达的意义 ?Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park is beautiful. 主动,进行 ?Please keep quiet in the reading room. 性质 ?Founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the US. 被动,完成 ?We see fallen leaves on the ground. 完成 ?Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful. 状态 ?We are invited to a party to be held next Friday. 将来 ?We plant many trees to make our city green. 目的 表达意义： 动词-ing ：主动, 进行, 性质； 动词-ed ：被动, 完成, 状态； to do：将来, 目的。 1、v-ing作非谓语动词 （1）作主语 Eg: Seeing is believing. Sending e-mail is increasingly popular. Ex. 2: 请用v-ing作主语，把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）说太多会给你带来麻烦。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2) 散步对老年人和年轻人来说都是一种好的运动形式。 _____________________________________________________________________ （2）作宾语 Eg: I couldn’t help crying when I heard the bad news. ★mind, suggest, delay, keep on, look forward to, enjoy, appreciate, imagine, practice, finish, succeed in, consider, can’t help, miss等动词用v-ing作宾语。 ★在表示“需要” 的need, want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义, 也可用不定式的被动式。 Eg: This car needs repairing. Or: This car needs to be repaired. Ex. 3: 请把以下句子翻译成英文。 1）你介意独处吗？________________________________________________________
非谓语动词（1） 1.形式：动词不定时（doing）, 动名词（doing）,分词（doing 和done ） 2.导入： 练：1.）Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library. A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing 2.）With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money o ut of the bank ________ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought 3.）I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed 4.）The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 5.）It rained heavily in the south, ______ serious flooding in several provinces. A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause 6.）I had great difficulty _______ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. A. find B. found C. to find D. finding 7. ）Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 8. _______ the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 9. That is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 10. ______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked 一．动词不定式的用法 判断下面不定式在句中的成分 1.To finish the work in ten minutes is difficult. （） 2. He wants to go abroad. （） 3. My dream is to become a singer. （） 4. Mother got me to go to the shop and buy some salt. （） 5. I have some clothes to wash. （） 6.He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. （） 结论：不定式在句中可以充当__________________________________________. I．不定式做主语： 不定式做主语可直接放于句首，但很多情况下，用______做形式主语（尤其在疑问句和感叹句中）常见句型：1.）1）It is + adj. +for sb /of sb+to do sth. 常用介词for 的词_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 常用介词of 的词有_______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2.)It is + n + to do sth.意思是_______________________________ 常见名词_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (3) It takes/needs/requires+ sometime/sth. +to do意思是：_______________ ⅱ做宾语 1.(2005天津卷) I don’t want _________like I’m speaking ill of
高考英语非谓语动词教学案 在做单选题，如果遇到非谓语动词，可以根据句中的搭配结构、非谓语的主被动形式和非谓语的“时态”三个角度，从语言的结构到语义由简单到复杂依次排选。 第一步：根据非谓语形式在句中可作的成分来分析空白处可填入的非谓语形式，看能否在不定式、分词和动名词几个形式之间先排除一个或几个。 非谓语动词在句中可作成分一览表 注：1).the 分词也可用作主语和宾语； 2).现在分词完成式不作定语。 1．非谓语形式作主语或宾语时，除“the 分词”外一般只能用不定式或动名词。其中不定式作介词的宾语时要使用“特殊疑问词 不定式”结构。 例如：1).It’s very kind of you to help us. 2).Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 3).The driver failed to see other cars at the moment . 4).Please show us how to do that. 2．作状语时，不定式表示目的以及so/as to do和(only)to do中的结果状语，其它状语都用分词来表示。 例如：1).To sleep late the next morning,he turned off the alarm clock. （“非谓语 主句”模式中，非谓语在句首而且由逗号与主句隔开，此句中的不定式只作目的状语；此时的分词表示时间、原因或条件状语，有时分词前可加when,while,if,before, after,as和though 等连词，如：①Given more attention,the trees could have grown better. ②When asked,never be silent.） 2).He came here only to say good-bye to us. （不定式在句中作目的状语时它前面不能用逗号） 3).He spoke a lot at the conference,only to show his ignorance on the topic. （不定式在主句之后，又有逗号与主句隔开时常用(only)to do形式表示出乎主语意料的结果） 第二步：在第一步的基础上从非谓语的主被动形式这个角度进行筛选。 1．非谓语用作主语或状语时，一般根据它们的逻辑主语来判断主被动形式的选用；若无逻辑主语，则以主句主语为判断对象。
非谓语动词学案 I.V-ing (现在分词/动名词) 注意： 1. V-ing的否定形式是由not 加V-ing构成。如： _______________________ his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 ________________________ made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. V-ing的一般式和完成式： V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he is interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. V-ing的被动式： V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。根据V-ing动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。 如： The question _________________________ is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 ___________________________ (criticize) by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 二、V-ing的语法作用 V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 （一）V-ing（短语）作主语： _______________ is easier than doing. 说比做容易。注意：在下面两种结构中，V-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time _______________________________. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用V-ing分词。如： There is no ____________________ about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 2. V -ing作宾语： ①V–ing作动词宾语。如： I suggest _______________________________. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 ②V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如： I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place. 我认为住在这么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 Do you consider ___________________________? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ ③V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如： I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。 He went to London in the hope of ______________________________. 他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。 此类短语还有很多：look forward to（渴望，盼望）, be proud of（以……自豪）, be responsible for（对……负责）, insist on（坚持）, think of（考虑，想到）, dream of（梦想）, object to（反对，抗议）, hear of（听说）, prevent…from（防止，阻止）, keep…from （防止，阻止）, s top…from（防止，阻止）, be engaged in（从事于）, depend on（依靠，依赖）, thank…for（因……而道谢）, excuse…for（因……而道歉）, aim at（目的在于）, devote…to（献身于）, set about（着手做）, be/get used to（习惯于）, be fond of（喜欢）, be afraid of（害怕）, be tired of（对……厌烦）, succeed in（成功地做……）, be interested in（对……感兴趣）, be ashamed of（对……感到羞愧）等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如： I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。 What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？ 另外，V-ing可以和一些介词如in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。如： He left ahead of time ____________________________.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。_________________________________, she had to take care of four children. 除了做饭和缝纫(sew)以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。 只能用V-ing作宾语的动词及动词短语 1). advise, allow, avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practise, risk, suggest, dislike, appreciate
非谓语动词复习学案 动词的形式猜成份 1. Taking exercise can build up our body and keep a clear mind. ( 主) 2. They can get more detailed information from the original. ( 定) 3. Our government is aiming to build a “harmonious society”. ( 表) 4. Compared with the tuition fees of the South University, I can save 3000 yuan every year. ( 状) 5.To keep fit, we should have variou s healthy diets. ( 状) 6. They were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky. ( 宾补) 7. After a brief discussion, we decided to put up a wall newspaper for our class. （宾） 8. Not knowing what to do, he turned to Miss Wang. ( 状) 重点再现----非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 (1). 不定式与动名词作主语表语的比较 Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. To arrive there in half an hour is impossible. 不定式表示一次性的具体的动作；动词－ing形式表示一般的泛指或习惯性的动作。 ★①It is /was +adj/n+for/of sb to do sth ★②不定式、动名词作主语时谓语动词一般用单数 (2). V-ing与V-ed作表语的比较 V-ing指“使/令人感到……”V-ed指某人因……觉得…… The maths problem is very __puzzling____ and he looks ___puzzled___ about it. (puzzle) please, satisfy, encourage, excite, interest, move, frighten, surprise, puzzle, disappoint, worry, tire , delight，etc. ★ A ____surprised____ look appeared on his face when he heard that his friend had died. (surprise) ★ From his ___puzzled___ look on his face, I know clearly that he didn’t understand what I said. (puzzle) ★ His ____frightening_____ look ____frightened____ everyone. (frighten) 难点分析 (1) 分词作状语的基本原则是分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致。 ①As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (原因状语) =____Lost in thought____, he almost ran into the car in front of him ②If the drug is taken according to the directions, the drug will have no side effect. (条件状语=___Taken according to the directions____ , the drug will have no side effect. ③Although his parents lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. (让步状语) =____Lacking money___, his parents managed to send him to university. ④After the old couple had the supper, the old couple went out for a walk. (时间状语) =___Having had the supper____, the old couple went out for a walk. (2) 连词＋分词的省略结构 1. When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compare 2. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. The man opened his eyes and moved his lips, as if ________ with others. A. talk B. talking C. having talked D. talked 5. He shouted loudly as if ________ by the snake. A. bite B. to bite C. bitten D. biting (3) 独立结构（与句子主语无关） V-ing： generally speaking, frankly speaking, judging from/by, considering, taking…into consideration, seeing, supposing, providing V-ed： given provided that, compared to/with to do： to tell the truth, to start with, to begin with, to be frank, to make matters worse (even worse,