当前位置:文档之家› 动词不定式动名词用法归纳

动词不定式动名词用法归纳

动词的不定式与动名词的用法归纳

动词不定式

动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to) 被动语态do to be done

以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下:

不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项

工作是很难的。

To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置

于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这

项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、

It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。

careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade,

allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to 的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。

He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。

注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。

The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。

What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

He has no place to live. 他无处安身。

This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。

注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

right:To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱,他使出了浑身解数。

wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语,他需要一本词典。

②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外):常放在never only后

He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了,只见火车已经走了。

I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他,只见他出去了。

③表原因:常放在形容词后面

They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。(7)作目的状语:既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. 说实话,我不喜欢他讲话的方式。

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to. 如果你不想做这件事,你就不必做。

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。

动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise,

risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…fro m, set about, be

engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

一、不定式

1.“to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。

agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,

equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to

2.带to 还是不带to

I have no choice but to give in

I cannot do anything but give in

I saw him enter the classroom .

(但是:He was seen to enter the classroom .)

3.动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .

区别:当使用for时,句中形容词修饰的是不定式;而用of时,句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。

It’s necessary for you to study hard .(necessary 修饰to study hard,表示学习努力是有必要的)

It’s foolish of him to do it .(foolish 修饰逻辑主语him)

与of 连用的形容词有:

good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , …

与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形容词:

possible,impossible,easy,hard,difficult,necessary,…

4.后接不定式作宾语的动词有:

want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.

需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语。例如:通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .

5. 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况:若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make,let,have(表示“让、使”)、感官动词see,watch,look at,observe,notice,hear,listen to,feel时,不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀:“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如:

Let's (to)go!走吧!

He saw the thief (to)steal a lady’s cellphone.

注:改为被动句时要把to还原,例如:

The thief was seen to steal a lady’s cellphone.

6.不定式作定语,应注意两种关系:

1)动宾关系:

He has a lot of meeting to attend .

Please lend me something to write with .

He is looking for a room to live

He is looking for a room to live in .

He has no money and no place

to live ( in ) .

I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .

There is no time to think ( about ) .

2)主谓关系:

She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .

7.不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义:

1)原因

He is lucky to get here on time .

这种结构中常用的形容词有:

happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy

2) 目的

He came to help me with my maths .

3) 结果

I hurried to get there only to find him out .

The book is too hard for the boy to read .

He is old enough to go to school .

8 . 不定式作补足语

I saw him play in the street just now .

能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有:

see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice

注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如:

He was seen to play in the street just now.

二.动名词

1.There’s no telling what will happen .

=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .

= No one can tell what will happen .

2.It’s no use talking with him .

It’s no good speaking to them like that .

3.There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …

在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:

trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time

注意以下几个问题:

1.下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别,

forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing… 忘记做过了某事

remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着曾做过某事mean to do … 打算要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事

regret to do …(do指代有限的几个词,如say、tell)很抱歉要告诉你…

regret doing … 后悔做过某事

can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事

can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事

try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事

learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事

stop to do … 停下来去做(另一件事)stop doing … 停止做某事

go on to do … 接着做(另外一件事)go on doing … 继续做某事

used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事

2.动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别

动名词作定语表达n+ for doing 的含义

现在分词作定语表达n+which(who) be doing的含义

如:a sleeping car = a car for sleeping

a running horse = a horse which is running

前者是动名词,后者是现在分词

又如:drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy

3.动名词的逻辑主语:

动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。

例如:His coming made us very happy .

4.动名词主动形式表被动的情况:

need doing , want doing , require doing

例如:This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。

6.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词:

admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , ca n’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,

动词后接动词不定式/动名词作宾语用法小结

动词后接动词不定式/动名词作宾语用法小结 动词是英语中最活跃的词性之一,其主要作用是在句中作谓语。在谓语动词后接动词作宾语时,主要分为两种情况: Ⅰ动词加动词不定式 能以不定式做宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,hope,wonder,wish,agree,try,manager,offer,decide,fail,refuse,ask,pretend,intend,attempt,teach,discuss等。例如: I have learned to drive the car. They refused to accept my suggestion. He promised to come. Ⅱ动词加动名词 在enjoy, appreciate, admit, consider, mind, avoid., miss, can’t help, deny, practise, allow, finish, imagine, forbid, suggest等这些动词之后要求 用动名词作宾语。例如: Have you finished repairing your car? She suggested spending another week in the country. Do you feel like taking a walk. 通常要后接动名词作宾语的动词 英语中有些动词后接另一个动词作宾语时,通常要用不定式,不用动名词,这类动词主要admit(承认), advise(建议), allow(允许), appreciate(感激), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), delay(推迟), discuss(讨论), dislike(不喜欢), enjoy(喜爱), escape(逃脱), excuse(原谅), fancy(没

动词不定式与动名词用法总结

动词不定式与动名词用法总结 一动词不定式作主语 (1) (1)To learn a foreign language is not easy. 主语 It(形式主语)is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语) It takes / took me 3 hours to read English It is not difficult for us to learn a foreign language It’s kind of you to help me with my English . % 1 It+is+形容词(表示人的性格品质)+of sb+to do 2 It+is+形容词(表示做某事是怎么样)+for sb+to do 注(1)当形容词表示人的性格品质时,逻辑主语由of引出, 如:kind,nice, good, polite, clever, careful,careless,foolish,(2)当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出. 如:difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible 二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。 want to do agree to do hope to do decide to do > prefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to do Kevin planned to visit his uncle 三动词不定式做宾语补足语 tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to do order sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to do I tell him not to go there by bus . 四:定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。 例: I have a lot of work to do. 。 点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。 如I have a small chair to sit on.(sit on the chair) There aren’t enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms) 五作状语 A .目的状语.(1)I come to see you. (2 )He runs fast in order to get there in time. b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。对其进 行补充说明, 作形容词补足语) / 如:I am glad to see you here.I am sorry to trouble you.六动词不定式表语: 放在连系动词be后面(be +adj + to do) 例句: His wish /hope is to become a scientist.. My work is to clean the street . 七: “疑问词+不定式”用法 不定式前可带what,who,which,where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式

不定式和动名词的用法

一不定式和动名词的用法 不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语;本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1 作主语: 例:To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To grasp English in a short time is not easy. 在短时间内掌握英语不容易。 2 作宾语:多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语, 例:I want to have a walk after supper. 晚饭后我想去散步。 He considered it his duty to support his family. 他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。 She doesn?t know how to run the machine. 她不知道如何操作这台机器。 不定式作宾语的结构为:及物动词+ to do. 动词常用:advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。 3 作表语:联系动词一般都是be。 例:Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it. 我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。 His dream is to become an expert in computer in the future. 他的梦想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家。 不定式作表语一般结构是:be to do sth. 4 作定语,一般放在名词后面,与所修饰的名词可以是逻辑上的主谓关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 例:Do you still have anything to say? 你还有什么要说的吗? Mr. Li is the first people to get to the library. 李先生是第一个到达图书馆的人。 注意: 如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面须跟一个介词。 例:We have nothing to worry about. 我们没有什么可担心的。 The Pierres had only a cold room to live in. 皮尔斯一家只有一间寒冷的房间居住。 She has no chair to sit on. 她没有椅子坐。 5 不定式作宾补 ◆动词不定式跟在宾语后面,对宾语补充说明,让句子意思完整。 They want us to keep silent. 他们希望我们保持安静。 He asked me to turn down the radio. 他让我把收音机的声音调低。 不定式作补语结构为:及物动词+ sb./sth. to do… 注意: 如果及物动词为使役动词(let, have, make) 或感觉动词(see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at, feel等),动词不定式不带“to”。 例:He made us sweep the floor three times a day. 他让我们一天打扫三次地板。 I saw him leave the meeting room early. 我看见他很早离开了会议室。 We always hear her sing popular songs. 我们总是听见她唱流行歌曲。 I noticed the man enter the store.

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别详解

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别详解 动词不定式是由动词原形加上to构成的形式,通常作为动词、形容词或副词的宾语、补语、定语或状语。动词不定式可以表示目的、结果、愿望、能力、需要、义务等含义。 动名词是由动词加上-ing构成的形式,可以作为名词的主语、 宾语、定语或表语。动名词通常表示行为或状态的持续性或重复性。 两者的区别如下: 1. 形式上的区别: - 动词不定式以to开头,如to eat、to sleep。 - 动名词以-ing结尾,如eating、sleeping。 2. 用法上的区别: - 动词不定式通常用作动词的宾语,如I want to eat。它可以跟 在某些动词后面,如want、like、hope等,构成不定式短语。 - 动名词通常可以用作名词的主语、宾语或表语,如Smoking is bad for health。

3. 意义上的区别: - 动词不定式强调的是动作的目的、结果、愿望、能力等。例如,I want to learn English。在这个句子中,不定式to learn强调的 是想要研究英语的目的。 - 动名词强调的是动作的持续性或重复性。例如,I enjoy swimming。在这个句子中,动名词swimming强调的是游泳这个持 续性的动作带来的愉悦感。 需要注意的是,有些动词后既可以接动词不定式,也可以接动 名词,但意义可能会有所不同。例如,I like swimming和I like to swim的意思虽然都是“我喜欢游泳”,但前者强调的是游泳这个动 作本身,而后者强调的是我想要做游泳这个动作。 总结起来,动词不定式和动名词在形式、用法和意义上存在一 些区别。了解这些区别有助于我们正确使用它们,并更好地理解英 语句子的含义和表达方式。 参考资料: - 李强,牛津英语语法详解,外语教学与研究出版社,2001年。

动词不定式动名词用法归纳

动词的不定式与动名词的用法归纳 动词不定式 动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式:not + (to) 被动语态do to be done 以do为例,动词不定式的构成如下: 不定式的句法功能: (1)作主语: To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项 工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置 于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式: It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这 项工作是很难的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、 It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。 careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 (2)作表语: Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 (3)作宾语: 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如: Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如: I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里,别无选择。 He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如: He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 (4)作宾语补足语: 在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to 的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如: I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。 He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。

初中英语动名词和不定式归纳

一.Doing 的用法 1.+ doing( 只能加 doing 的 ) Like/dislike/enjoy/have fun doing喜做 consider doing 考做 mind (sb) doing 介意做 imagine doing想象做 suggest doing 建做 practice doing 做 finish doing 束做 what about/ how about doing sth做某事如何Thank you for doing sth.⋯感某人 at the beginning of 的起初;⋯⋯的开始 keep/go/ (on) /continue doing持做 can’thelp doing 情不自禁做 can’tstand doing 不能忍受做 feel like doing想要做 be busy doing忙于做某事 go +doing (go shopping) 去做某事 no +doing 禁止做某事 be worth doing得做 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 can’tstop doing sth 忍不住做某事 spend time/money (in) doing花做某事 waste time/money (in) doing浪做某事 consider doing sth 考做某事 have trouble/difficulty/problems/experience (in) doing 做某事有困 /有 used to do 去常常做某事 be /get used for doing sth = be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be /get/used to doing 于做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 hold on to doing sth 持做某事 look forward to doing 期望做某事 be interested in doing =take an interest in doing--- 感趣 be good at doing sth= do well in doing sth. 擅作某事 about: be worried about doing 担做 be embarrassed about 尬做 be annoyed about 反感做 with: be pleased with doing做---意 prefer doing to doing 宁愿—也不愿 without: without doing没做 from: stop sb (from) doing =prevent sb from doing =keep sb from doing (但 keep sb doing 使某人不停的做) by: by doing 通做 二.+ doing 和 to do 意无大区 begin doing/ begin to do start doing/ start to do 开始做 continue doing/to do 持做 like doing / like to do love doing / love to do喜做 hate doing/ hate to do 做 三.+ doing 和 to do 意不同 forget doing忘做某事 forget to do 忘去做某事〔未做〕 remember doing 得做某事 remember to do 得要去做某事〔未做〕 stop doing=give up doing sth停止做某事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 try /try one ’s best to do 尽力做 need doing 需要被做 (主指物 ) need to do 需要做〔主指人〕 四.+ to do agree to do 同意做 want to do 想要做 would like to do想要做,愿意做 decide to do 决定做 hope/ wish to do 希望做 plan to do 划做 be supposed to sth =should do sth 做某事 learn to do 学会做 be /make sure to sth 确定做某事 offer to do主要求做 help (to) do /help sb with sth帮着做 afford to do 担得起做 refuse to do 拒做 regret to do 憾地做 dare to do 敢做 seem to do 似乎做 promise to do 做 can’twait to do 迫不及待做 pretend to do 假装做 used to do 去常常做 get to do 逐做 have sth /nothing to do 有某事要做 it’s one’s duty to do sth 做某事是某人的任 make up /change one’s mind to do sth.

动词不定式及动名词知识点小结

动词不定式及动名词知识点小结 一.动词不定式简介 1. 动词不定式的基本形式 基本形式________________________, 否定形式_____________________, 动词不定式是动词的()形式,已经不具备动词在句中做()语的功能。但,动词不定式可相当于名词,在句中做()语、()语、()语、()语。又可以相当于形容词修饰限定名词,做()语。还可以相当副词修饰动词做()语 二.在句末括号里写出用下划线标明的不定式在该句中的成分,默写出该句型公式并再仿写一个句子。 1. It is important for us to learn English well. ( ) 句型公式_______________________________________________________ 句型仿写_______________________________________________________ 2. It takes us 8 years to learn English. ( ) 句型公式_______________________________________________________ 句型仿写_______________________________________________________ 3. It is very nice of you to help me with my English. ( ) 句型公式_______________________________________________________ 句型仿写_______________________________________________________ 4. My dream is to be admitted to the key university. ( ) 5.完成句子 我去法国的目的是去学法语。 My aim to go to the France is____________________________________ 我的愿望是参观长城 My hope is__________________________________________ 小孩子的愿望是可以和父母一起生活 The wish of this child is____________________________________ 哪些名词做主语,通常用动词不定式做表语? 名词:_______________________________________________________

动词不定式与动名词的区别及使用方法

动词不定式与动名词的区别及使用方法 动词不定式是一个动词的基本形式,通常由动词原形加上"to"构成,如"to go"。动名词是动词的现在分词形式,通常由动词原形加上"ing"构成,如"going"。 区别: 1. 功能不同: - 动词不定式可以用作句子的主语、宾语、以及补语等,并且可以表示动作的目的、意愿、能力和可能性等。 - 动名词可以用作句子的主语、宾语、介词宾语、以及形容词或副词的补语等,并且可以表示正在进行的动作或抽象的概念。 2. 结构不同: - 动词不定式可以带有自己的主语,而动名词通常没有自己的主语。 - 动词不定式可以与情态动词和助动词一起使用,而动名词通常不能与这些词一起使用。 使用方法:

1. 动词不定式的使用: - 作主语:To travel is my dream. - 作宾语:I want to go on a vacation. - 表示目的:I study hard to pass the exam. - 表示意愿:I would like to visit my grandparents. - 表示能力和可能性:He is able to solve the problem. 2. 动名词的使用: - 作主语:Swimming is a great exercise. - 作宾语:I enjoy reading books. - 作介词宾语:She is fond of playing the guitar. - 作补语:I am interested in learning new things. 总结: 动词不定式和动名词虽然在形式上有所区别,但在使用上都有自己独特的功能。根据句子的需要和语境,我们可以选择合适的形式来表达我们想要表达的意思。

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别

动词不定式和动名词的用法和区别 动词不定式(infinitive)和动名词(gerund)是英语中常见的两种不同形式的动词。它们在用法和含义上有一些区别。本文将介绍动词不定式和动名词的基本用法和区别。 动词不定式的用法 动词不定式由动词原形加上不定式标志“to”构成。动词不定式可以在句子中担任多种不同的角色,如主语、宾语、表语等。以下是一些常见的动词不定式用法: 1. 作主语: - To learn a new language is challenging. - To succeed requires hard work. 2. 作宾语: - I want to eat dinner. - She needs to study for the exam. 3. 作表语:

- My goal is to travel the world. - The key is to never give up. 4. 作补语: - She found it hard to believe. - I consider him to be a good friend. 动名词的用法 动名词是动词的-ing 形式,可以作为名词在句子中使用。以下是一些常见的动名词用法: 1. 作主语: - Swimming is my favorite hobby. - Singing brings her joy. 2. 作宾语: - I enjoy reading books. - He dislikes doing chores. 3. 作介词宾语:

- She is interested in learning languages. - They are good at playing soccer. 4. 作定语: - I bought a running shoe. - The singing bird caught my attention. 动词不定式和动名词的区别 虽然动词不定式和动名词在形式上很相似,但它们在用法和含义上有一些区别: 1. 主动和被动: - 动词不定式表示主动或被动的动作或状态。例如:"I want to learn"(主动)或 "I need to be helped"(被动)。 - 动名词通常表示一种持续的或长期的行为。例如:"I enjoy swimming"。 2. 动作的性质: - 动词不定式通常表示特定的、单一的动作。例如:"She decided to go"。

动词不定式动名词用法要点讲解

动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解 一、作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词经常使用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,经常使用于以下句式中。如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,经常使用表示客观情形的形容词,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型

④中,经常使用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,sil ly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看做其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也经常使用It句式。如: ①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting. ②It's+形容词+doing It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days. 如此用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等,但important,necessary那么不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It'simportant for you to keep fit. ③There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。 ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

动名词和不定式

动名词和不定式 动名词和不定式是英语语法中两个常见的非谓语动词形式。它们在使用方式、功能和结构上有一些共同点,但也存在一些区别。本文将就动名词和不定式进行详细介绍和比较,并探讨它们在句子中的不同用法。 一、动名词 动名词是用动词的-ing形式作为名词使用。它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语、复合宾语等要素。下面将从不同的角度来说明动名词的用法。 1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时,通常表示一种习惯、经验、喜好或普遍现象等。例如: - Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对健康有害。) - Dancing gives her joy.(跳舞使她快乐。) 2. 动名词作宾语 常见的动词后面可以接动名词作宾语,例如: - He enjoys swimming in the river.(他喜欢在河里游泳。) - She avoids doing her homework.(她避免做她的功课。) 3. 动名词作表语

动名词还可以作表语,表示主语的行为或状态。例如: - Her favorite activity is hiking.(她最喜欢的活动是远足。) - The key to success is working hard.(成功的关键是努力工作。) 4. 动名词作介词宾语 某些动词后面接介词,再接动名词作宾语。例如: - She is thinking about going abroad.(她正在考虑出国。) - He apologized for not attending the meeting.(他为没有参加会议而道歉。) 5. 动名词作复合宾语 当动词后面接宾语和动名词时,宾语常常是指一个动作、情感或想法,而动名词则起到具体说明或解释的作用。例如: - I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。) - They hate doing household chores.(他们讨厌做家务。) 二、不定式 不定式是动词的原形,常常在句子中作动词、形容词或副词使用。不定式的结构为"to + 动词原形"。接下来将从不同的角度来介绍不定式的用法。 1. 不定式作动词

动词不定式及动名词用法的八条规则

动词不定式及动名词用法的八条规则(简称:新八条) 1. 在英语中,大多数谓语动词后再接动词,要用不定式。不定式的否定,是在不定式前加否定词not(或never)。 例如: ①want to do sth. 想做某事 ②want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 ③would like / would love to do sth. 想要做…… ④tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人做<别做> 某事 ⑤ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人做<别做> 某事 ⑥be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 ⑦be happy to do sth. 对做某事高兴 ⑧teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事 ⑨agree to do sth. 同意做某事 ⑩decide to do sth. 决定做某事 ⑾hope to do sth. 希望做某事 ⑿promise to do sth. 许诺、答应做某事 ⒀make up one’s mind(s) to do sth. 下决心做某事 ⒁advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 ⒂be afraid to do sth. 害怕、不敢做某事 ⒃be able to do sth. 能够做某事 ⒄be about to do sth. 马上要做某事 ⒅allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 ⒆warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做<别做> 某事 ⒇encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 2. 有些谓语动词后,再接动词,既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词。词义无很大区别。 例如: begin to do / doing sth. start to do / doing sth. continue to do / doing sth. 3. 有些谓语动词后,再接动词,既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词,但词义有区别。 例如: ①like doing sth. 喜欢做某事(一种长期的习惯) like to do sth. 喜欢、要做某事(一次偶然、暂时的行为) ②remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(还没有做,要去做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(事情以前做过了)

动词后加动名词、不定式

后接动名词的动词 admit 成认/ advise 建议/ allow 允许/ appreciate 感谢/ avoid 防止/ consider 考虑/ delay 推迟/ deny 否认/ discuss 讨论/ dislike 不喜欢/ enjoy 喜爱/ escape 逃脱/ excuse 原谅/ fancy 设想/ finish 完成/ forbid 禁止/ forgive 原谅/ imagine 想像/ keep 保持/ mention 提及/ mind 介意/ miss 没赶上/ pardon 原谅/ permit 允许/ practise 练习/ prevent 阻止/ prohibit 禁止/ put off 推迟/ report 报告/ risk 冒险/ stop 停止/ suggest 建议/ carry on 继续/ can’t help 禁不住/ feel like 想要/ give up 放弃/ keep on 继续/ put off 推迟/ set about 开始,着手/ object to 反对/ insist on 坚持/ pay attention to 注意/ stick to 坚持/ get down to 开始认真做/ look forwards to 期盼/ be [get] used to 习惯于/ lead to 导致/ be devoted to 致力于,专用于, 后接不定式作宾语的动词 afford 负担得起/ arrange 安排/ ask 要求/ care 想要/ choose 决定/ decide 决定/ demand 要求/ determine 决心/ expect 期待,预计/ help 帮助/ hesitate 犹豫/ hope 希望/ long 渴望/ manage 渴望设法/ offer 主动提出/ plan 方案/ prepare 准备/ pretend 假装/ promise 容许/ refuse 拒绝/ want 想要/ wish 希望, 既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词 (1) remember(记得),forget(忘记),regret(懊悔)后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生,后接动名词(有时可用完成式),那么指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生。比拟:Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了。(“寄信〞未发生)I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信。(“寄信〞已发生)He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了。(“付钱〞未发生)He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱。(“付钱〞发生了) (2) try 后接不定式表示设法做某事,接动名词表示做某事试试(看有什么效果)。如:I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来。Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试。 (3) mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接动名词表示意味着(做某事,接动名词表示意味着要)做某事。如:He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你。This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院。

不定式和动名词用法

不定式和动名词用法 不定式是动词的一种形式,由"to"加上动词原形构成。它可以在 句子中作为动词、名词或形容词的一部分。 作为动词,不定式通常用于表示目的、意图、命令、建议等,如:- I want to study abroad.(我想出国留学) - They told me to be quiet.(他们告诉我要安静) 作为名词,不定式可以作为主语、宾语、表语等。如: - To sleep is important for our health.(睡眠对我们的健康 很重要) - She loves to dance.(她喜欢跳舞) 作为形容词,不定式可以修饰名词。如: - I have some books to read.(我有一些可读的书) 动名词是动词原形加上-ing构成的,在句子中用作名词。它可以 作为主语、宾语、表语、介词的宾语等。

作为主语,动名词可以放在句首,如: - Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动) 作为宾语,动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语,如: - She enjoys reading books.(她喜欢阅读书籍) 作为表语,动名词通常跟在be动词之后,如: - His favorite activity is jogging.(他最喜欢的活动是慢跑)作为介词的宾语,动名词可以跟在介词后面,如: - Are you interested in learning a new language?(你对学 习一门新语言感兴趣吗?) 此外,动名词还可以与某些动词和短语连用,如: - I can't help laughing.(我忍不住笑了) - She admitted cheating in the exam.(她承认在考试中作弊)需要注意的是,有些动词后面只能接动名词,有些动词后面只能 接不定式,还有一些即可接动名词也可接不定式,但含义有所不同。

动词不定式、动名词用法和区别

动词不定式、动名词的用法和区别 动词不定式:动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成,在句中起名词,形容词和副词的作用,可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。 1. 动词不定式作主语: To mast a language is not an easy thing. / To teach English is my favorite. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 2. 动词不定式作宾语: 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语,这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. I like to help others if I can. 3. 动词不定式作宾语补语。 We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。/ Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。 4. 动词不定式作表语: What I should do is to finish the task soon. / The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 5. 动词不定式作定语: There are many ways to solve the problem. / I have something important to tell you. 6. 不定式作状语: We went to the hospital to see our teacher. / She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower. 动词不定式的否定形式:not + to + 动词原形 The teacher told us not to swim in that river. 老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。 It's unfair not to tell us. 没告诉我们真是不公平。 带疑问词的不定式: 疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面,构成不定式短语,使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet. I don't know when to begin.。 Can you tell me where to get the battery. Do you know how to get to the station. 带逻辑主语的不定式: 动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语,构成方法是:for + 逻辑主语+ 不定式。 注意:逻辑主语用宾格形式,for 本身无实际意义,它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。 It's necessary for us to help each other. / There are much work for me to finish, 动词不定式的被动形式:表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。 He is the man to be examined. 他是受检查的人。/ There are much work to be done. 有好多工作要做。 ●动名词 动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语,宾语,表语和定语。 1) 动名词作主语: Talking like that is not polite. / Learning from others is important . / Putting on more clothes is not so good . (注:动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用it作形式主语,而把动名词写在后面做真正的主语。)It's no use waiting here, let's go home. / It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 2) 动名词作表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 3)动名词作宾语 有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep. Please stop smoking in the house. / I like reading in the forest. / Do you mind my opening the windows? 4)动名词作定语 She is studying in the reading room. / He slept in the sleeping bag. (动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词) He pretend not knowing it at all. 他假装全然不知。/ We considered not doing it now. 我们考虑现在不做这件事。 动名词的被动形式:当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。)

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档