公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第1部分
Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction
Dialogues /monologues:
1、You can tell they lived during the Depression.
这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。
此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。
2、He really knows how to bring a person out.
"bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。
整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。
PS：to bring sb. out
意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗
3、he looks like his fun to be with.
整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。
句子解析
4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。
这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便...
整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学.
5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff?
arts staff 怎么翻译?
==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗?
arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff:
(the commercial and industrial arts) staff.
6、There are a number of other positions to consider.
"A number of" 换成"a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么?
==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用
a number of代替而不能用a great many.
修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of,
只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样)
7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase?
将"letting me"换成"let me" 行不行，为什么?
==>不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词),这里的letting 是let的动名词形式。
8、I’m afraid I certainly do mind, if it’s all the same to you.
“Do mind”与”all the same”什么意思?
==>do mind: 在英语中强调动词，用助动词do(各种时态)+动词原形。
==>all the same: 完全一样，用于强调。如：
Although you didn't complete it in time, I appreciate you all the same.
尽管你没有及时完成，我还是一样很感激你。
9、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression. (种族压迫)
在这句话中，state-sponsored 翻译成什么意思最好?
==>state-sponsored:国家发起的。用于修饰racial repression(种族压迫),是复合形容词，复合形容词的
相结合。
10、The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as
unwelcome.
整句话的意思是：在她出生的洲有专门针对象她那一类人并将他们列为不受欢迎人士的法律。
11、Present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a
single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in.
整句话的意思是：目前，这种平常的税收会不断地压迫在单亲家庭的身上,就象Winfrey 这样的例子.
12、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression.
整句话的意思是：有一天，生活可以从洲政府怂恿的残酷种族压迫中解放。
Passage:
The circumstances['s?:k?mst?ns] 详细?n. 环境，情况；事件；境surrounding the birth of
a female infant['inf?nt]婴儿in Kosciusko, Mississippi, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising
present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden['b?:d?n]负担n. 负担；责任；船的载货量vt. 使负担；烦扰；装货too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participation [pɑ:tisi'pei??n]参与，分享，参股in otherwise acceptable social activities, to shackle her to the residue ['rezidju:,-d u:]n 残渣，剩余of slavery and other injustices of the past. The simple truth is that her g randmother, her great-grandmother and all the great-great-grandmothers before them never experienced one day of life free from the harsh [hɑ:?] adj. 严厉的；严酷的；刺耳的；粗糙的；
刺目的decrees of state-sponsored racial repression.
In hindsight, 事后看来it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father. Even during turbulent
't?:bjul?nt]adj.骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的times, not a moment was wasted. Seeds were being planted, watered, and nurtured. On April 13, 1964, nearly an adolescent and watching
television from the linoleum floor of her mother’s walk-up flat in something deep inside of her.
She was watching the live broadcast of the Academy Awards ceremony and saw a young
African-American actor receiving the film industry’s highest honor. Sharing in that moment and all it implied [im'plaid]vt. 暗示she later told me, caused her to say softly to herself, “If he can do that, I wonder what I could do?”
?The ground had been set. （道路已经被铺平了）The journey ['d??:ni]行程of Oprah Winfrey had begun. The babe, the child, the adolescent, the young woman-all their
strengths were harnessed into a force of astonishing [?'st?ni?i?]adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的power that placed itself in the service of nature and the human family. That the world has changed in meaningful ways since 1954 is beyond question. Oprah and her activities were driving forces in many of those changes. Her enormously influential talk show, her philanthropic work with
children in Africa and elsewhere, her popular book club and magazine, her empowering spiritual message, her contribution (by action and example) to improving race relations-all speak to the human family, touching hearts and leaving each one uplifted.
?Mississippi too seems to be mellowing out into a more congenial [k?n'd?i:nj?l a dj.
意气相投的；性格相似的；适意的；一致的] place than it was in 1954. that may also be partly due to the very special energy that is Oprah Winfrey-a courageous, funny, compassionate,
well-informed, dazzlingly curious person, as down-to-earth and loving as any human being I’ve ever known.
参考译文:
故事的详情围绕在1954年六月29日出生于密西西比，科修斯科山的一个女婴。那时，对于像Oprah Winfrey (奥普来.温弗里)这样日常开销负担特别繁重的单亲家庭来说，她的出身并不是那么让人期待。她所在的国家，已经有适当的法律等候着将她列为不受欢迎的对象，阻击她参加其它合理的社交活动，让她背负上了奴隶制度剩余产物的枷锁，还有以往其它一些不公平的待遇。简单的事实就是她的祖母、曾祖母以及更早的一代之前，在政府纵恿的种族镇压法令下，从未经历过一天生命的自由。
之后的迹象表明，她的出生似乎平淡无奇。但是，在她三年的时候，便开始在教堂的讲道坛背诵演说，在发现了书籍的之后，她便钻研上面写过的句子，每周向她的父亲作一次书籍汇报。即使在那个动荡不安的年代，也从不浪费一刻功夫。种子正在播种灌溉。在1964年4月13日，她已成长为一个青少年，在她母亲那间无电梯的公寓的油布地毯上，电视里的一些东西深深地了触动了她。那时她正在看奥斯卡奖项的现场直播，一位年青的美国黑人演员被授予了电影行业中的最高荣誉。在分享那个神圣的时刻之后，她告诉了我所有这一切都在暗暗地促使她轻声地告诉自己“他能做到，难道我就做不到吗?”
道路已经被铺平了，Oprah Winfrey 开始了她的旅程。从婴儿到小孩、到青少年、再到年轻女士——万事俱备，使得她在服务于自然界与人类家庭上迸发出一种惊人的能力。
从1954年起，毫无疑问，世界已经以一种积极的方式发生着改变。Oprah和她的脱口秀是其中的很多改变动力。她影响深远的脱口秀、对非洲乃至其它地方的小孩博爱举动、广受欢迎的书籍杂志俱乐部、激动人心的演说辞、以身作则为改善种族关系所作的贡献。这一切都讲给人类家庭，触动了他们的内心，每个人都深受鼓舞。
密西西比也受到了潮流的影响，比1954年看起来适意得多。其中的部分也许同样归功于Oprah Winfrey的非常独特的精神力量——一个勇敢、有趣、富有同情心、见识广博、
闪耀着知识光芒的人，是我所知的人中最脚踏实地、让人钟爱的一个。
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第2部分
Unit 2 People
Phrases and Sentence:
1、I don't ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had on me, where I was just blown away by disappointment. It took a few years to get over it.
PS：请高手重点解析”ever”的意思。
==>我甚至从未想过要给“给我留下印象的人”留下印象，在这一点上我感到十分失望。我用了许多年才克服这个毛病。
ever,在否定句中起加强语气的作用，not ever从未。
2、One thing I do is work with Make-A-wish. If an ill child’s one wish to see a celebrity and he picks me, then I make time to see him. But I have to be very careful with these kids, because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss.
PS：请高手重点解析”because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss.
”的意思。
==>我做的一件事就是带着许愿做事。如果一个病了的孩子的愿望是想看一个名人并且他选择的是我，然后我抽出时间去看望他。但是我必须非常小心的跟这些孩子相处，因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。
because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss.因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。
其中attch是：使喜爱，使依恋：因情感因素，如爱戴或忠诚使联结。
set oneself up for loss是引起自己处于受损失或失去的状态。
3、Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick around, at age 50, you have to feel you’re contributing to something.
PS：请高手重点解析”you have to feel you’re contributing to something.”
==>谢谢你给我关于等待的启示，在50岁时，你必须感到你正在做贡献。
"you have to fell you’re contributing to something"这句话的意思就是：在50岁时，你必须感到你正在对某些事情做贡献。
4、We stayed at the Ritz-Carlton and just had a blast. Or I’ll give everybody a ride in the Ultra light-it’s a flying kite.
PS：请高手重点解析“ride”在这里怎么翻译。
==>我们待在Ritz-Carlton并开了个狂欢会。否则我会给每个人乘坐一下“超轻型”---一个飞行的风筝。
ride就是乘坐。
5、“One day I’ll have my own barbecue.”In other words, every generation gets to improve on the dreams of the last generation.
PS：请高手重点解析这段话的真正含义。
==>“有朝一日，我将拥有自己的烤肉(比喻:实现自己的梦想)。换句话说，每代人必须在他上代人的梦想上有所提高。
6、But it came with a price because when he was drinking, we had jobs and money. When he quit, we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.
PS：请高手重点解析“we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.”这句话的真正含义。
==>但是这有一定的代价：因为当他饮酒的时候，我们有工作和工钱。当他戒酒了，我们就只有借酒消愁穷困潦倒了。
we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor：其中的trade sth. for sth.以...和...交易,以酗酒和穷困潦倒交易。
7、It got so bad that he either quit or got fired.
PS：请高手重点解析“so……that”在此句中的意义。
==>一般so...that是如此...以至于...的意思，这里上下句不是因果关系: 变得糟糕的是，他既没有辞职也没有被解雇。后半句that he either quit or got fired是so bad的补充状语从句，补充说明so bad的细节，不要太拘泥语法结构，更应该注重的是：1.英语语序特征，2.英语国家的人的逻辑思维特征。
8、He was a tool pusher essentially, sold drill bits to oil-drilling companies.
PS：翻译这句话。
==>他其实就是一个工具推销者，卖钻头给开采石油的公司。
9、I never think that I ‘m doing eight-minute cures on television. But I think that 50
percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it first. I can be an emotional compass that points them down the path.
PS：请高手重点解析“cures”与“lies in”的意思，另外“point……down”是词组吗?
==>我从未想过我在用电视做一个8分钟的治疗。但是我认为任何问题50%的解决方法在于先界定它。我可能是沿着路径指向它们的情感罗盘(指南针)。
cure：名词，治疗。point和后面的down可以认为没有关系，这里不是词组，down 这里的意思是“沿着”，相当于along。down the path是介宾结构词组，在句中作points them 的补充状语。
建议：
不要从语法分析着手来学习英语，因为这样效果很差。最好是提高阅读量，让一切语法变为理所当然的事情，让记忆单词成为阅读时的副产品。
Passage：
If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she would lo ok something like this: African born; European and American educated, with decades of s ervice in the U.N. system; married to a European; and possessing a quiet charisma and ca lm authority as chaos['kei?s]n. 混沌，混乱arises.
That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and purpose was a near miracle['mir?kl] n. 奇迹，奇迹般的人或物；惊人的事例But out of the U.N.’s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.
Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the U.N.
is still far from what it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job, accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors.
His complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. When Annan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the bush administration, it unleashes its attack dogs.
Yet when administration officials found their policies in Iraq floundering, they asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabilizing Iraq. He began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by factors way beyond his, or anyone else’s, ability to control. But it is Annan’s destiny to be handed the very worst problems after they have been unsuccessfully addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism.
参考译文：
如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他/她应该是这样的：出生在非洲;在欧洲和美国接受教育;在联合国工作十年以上;配偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局面时能保持冷静、富有领导魅力的权威人士。
1996年联合国找到了这样一个人来恢复它的方向感和目的性，这简直就是个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖而出。身为国际公务员的他对参与了这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从中学到很多东西。
现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而，他的任务还没有圆满完成，联合国离其理想状态还很远。但安南已经体验到了他这份工作的局限性——因为联合国体制对他的限制，他不能利用言语力量，然而他却比他的前任们积累了更多的权威性。
他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什政府的时候，美国就会攻击他。反过来，当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉克举步维艰的时候，他们却向联合国寻求帮助。有些观察家建议安南不要帮助美国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大责任是促成伊拉克局势的稳定。他开始朝6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美国将会在这天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动荡局面。不管是安南还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问题上的成功与否都不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南注定要处理这些棘手的问题，而这些问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一贯的勇气、自我控制能力、谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第3部分
Unit 3 House and Family
Phrases and Sentence:
1、She soon called my attention to the fact that she couldn’t work full time and keep house, too.
call attention to(唤起注意)
keep house(当家)
2、I guess I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband.
take it for granted：(视为当然)
be supposed to：(应该、被期望)
3、You’ve got to get to know them.
have got to do：(必须做……)
get to：(在这里作“开始”的意思)
4、But maybe I’d better take that back and give her a hand.
take bake：(在这里作“取消”的意思)
give Sb. A hand(抽出空或腾出手帮助某人)
5、They put me in mood for Italian food.
put in mind：(使记起、提醒)
6、I’ve put aside some money that I earned by doing some extra mechanical work.
put aside：(储存、备用)
7、I was putting a machine together today.
put together：(把……加起来、装配)
8、I am putting forth a lot of effect to make this tablecloth.
put forth：(生出、作出)
9、Do you want me to put my needlework away?
put away：(在这里作“放弃、处理掉”的意思)
请注意上面5个以“put”打头的短语与词组的用法
10、I was going by the store near your house ..
go by：(顺便走访)
11、Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress.
go with：(伴随、与……相配)
12、He always goes beyond my expectations.
go beyond：(超出)
13、The kids can’t go along with you.
go along with：(一起去、附和)
14、Your offer goes to prove that you’re a wonderful mother-in-law.
offer：(在这里作为“提意”的意思)
go to：(愿意为定位、转到的意思，在这里引申为?)
15、You know I get sick every single time the temperature goes below 68°.
go below：(下降)
请注意上面5个以“go”打头的短语与词组的用法
16、I could really go for a good comedy.
go for：(在这里作为“主张”的意思)
17、we can barely make ends meet.
ends meet：指收支平衡
18、Every thing I say goes in one ear and out the other.
goes in one ear and out the other.：(一个耳朵进，一个耳朵出。指听不进去的意思) 19、I’ve been keeping track of all of our phone bills.
keep track of：(明了、一目了然的意思)
20、I’ll have to call them and have them straighten it out.
straighten out：(改正、更正)
Passage:
On the day the World Trade Center fell, the Empire state Building once again became the tallest building in New York City. In the months that followed, six of its commercial tenants ran off. They did not want to be in the tallest anything, anywhere, anymore. At a time when U.S. Vice president Dick Cheney was still being shuttled around to undisclosed locations, skyscrapers suddenly seemed like the most disclosed locations. For a while, it looked as though the tall building, at least in the U.S., might be one more casualty of war.
Three years later, despite fears of terrorist attacks, big is beautiful again. On July 4, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presided at the rise at the World Trade Center site. New skyscraper projects are under way once more elsewhere in the city and around the U.S. Meanwhile, outside the states, where the taste for tall buildings never really faded, the skyscraper has also been
poking its head up in very different ways, and not just for reasons having to do with security. Since the 1990s, tall buildings have been reshaped by a number of global architecture stars whose vision is finally beginning to penetrate the more conservation American market.
Some of the best examples of that rethinking now fill two large galleries of the Museum of Modern Art’s temporary outpost in Queens, New York. Using 25 spectacular architectural models (some of more than 4 m high), “Tall buildings”, a show that runs at MOMA through Sept.27, looks at the ways in which the skyscraper has evolved since the early 1990s, at least in the hands of its most gifted practitioners, the kind who are proposing-and even producing, but usually in other nations-buildings that don’t resemble the dull boxes that crowd most American downtowns.
Engineering is, among others, a path to new kinds of beauty. Just look at Renzo piano’s London Bridge Tower, a slender glass pyramid that forms a glittering stalagmite against the old city’s skyline. You get a grasp of what ingenious engineering is all about from the London Headquarters of the insurance firm Swiss Re, designed by Norman Foster. Even before it opened in April, it was known as the small cucumber because it rises against the sky like a green pickle. But the building’s single feature is the inclusion of larger interior gardens throughout. But there’s a dematerializing spirit even in a building that didn’t requiring new fears of engineering-the Arcos Bosques Corporativo in Mexico City, an arched tower with a vertical slot down its center that l ightens the building’s mass brings the sky itself into play.
“Not only did American invent skyscraper”, says the Spanish designer Santiago Calatrava, “it invented the skyline.”But American skylines have got a little dull. With some work, the world’s architects might bring them back to a very tall standard.
参考译文:
世贸大厦倒榻的那一天，帝国大厦又一次成为纽约最高的建筑。在接下来的几个月，六家帝国大厦的商务住户搬走了，他们再也不想住在最高的楼里了，无论在什么地方。曾经
有一度，当美国副总统迪克.切尼仍旧被不停地周转护送到各个隐蔽地点时，摩天大楼似乎突然间成了最暴露的地点。一时间，高楼大厦似乎成了战争的又一种牺牲品，至少美国是这样。
三年之后，人们依旧害怕恐怖袭击，但是高楼大厦再次成了美的化身。7月4号，纽约州州长乔治.帕塔奇和纽约市市长米歇尔.布鲁伯格主持了自由大厦的破土仪式，这座写字楼将建在世贸大厦原址上。在纽约的其他地方，甚至全美国，新摩天大楼的建设工程又开始火热地进行。同时，在摩天热从末褪去的其他国家，摩天大楼以截然不同的形态拔地而起，而这不仅仅是因为安全问题。从九十年代初期开始，高楼大厦的形态就被一些世界设计大师重塑了，这些设计大师的远见最终打入了较为保守的美国市场。}
那些新设计中的一些杰作现在正占据着位于纽约皇后区的现代艺术博物馆的两个临时展区。9月27号，现代博物艺术馆会举行一次名为“摩天大楼”的建筑模型(有些有四米多高)，以此来向人们展示九十年代初以来摩天大楼是如何发展的。至少在那些最有天赋的设计者手里设计出来或者是建造出来的建筑物，这些通常出现在别的国家，不再像一堆呆头呆脑的盒子簇拥在美国各城市的中心。
在众多领域里，工程建设是通向另类美丽的一种途径。看看雷佐.皮耶罗设计的伦敦塔，细长的玻璃金字塔组成一个闪耀的石笋直指伦敦上空，在空中形成美丽的轮廓。从瑞士在保险公司的伦敦总部大楼我们就能看出工程建设是多么的巧妙，那栋楼是由罗曼.弗斯特设计的。甚至在四月份对外之前，这座楼就被人们称为小黄瓜，因为它直耸入云，在天空的映衬下看上去就像一根绿黄瓜。但是这栋楼最显著的特点却是遍布室内各处的室内大花园。即使在不需要新工程技术的建筑物里也存在着非物质精神——墨西哥城的阿克斯.波斯克期公司大楼是一座拱行的楼，在这座楼的中间有一条狭槽从上通向底部，这座狭槽把光带到了楼里的大部分地方并且使楼里的人能看见天空。
“美国发明的不光是摩天大楼”西班牙设计师圣地亚哥.卡拉托弗说，“它发明的还有摩天大楼的空中轮廓。”但是美国的空中轮廓显得有些单调。一段时间的努力之后，世界建筑大师们或许会使其重返“高”标准。
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第4部分
Unit 4 Environment
Phrases and Sentences:
1、He is famous for vigorously opposing the use of chemicals to kill pets.
PS:解析vigorously opposing 并翻译这句话。
==>vigorously opposing积极反对
全句翻译：他因为积极反对用化学品杀宠物而出名。
2、What would you recommend for a tenth-grader?
PS:解析tenth-grader到底是十年级的学生，还是十岁的小孩?
==>tenth-grade是“十年级”，所以tenth-grader当然是“十年纪的学生”了。十岁的小孩是：teenager
3、They used Singapore as a microcosm for examining a regionwide tropical biodiversity crisis,
and compiled population data from the past two centuries.
PS:翻译这句话。
==>他们用新加坡作为检查热带地区的区域性的生活差异危机一个缩影，并用过去两个世纪(的历史)来编纂人口数据。
其中biodiversity是由前缀bio-和diversity组合而成的，意思是生命的差异性。
4、Animals that call the forest home have suffered enormously.
PS:翻译这句话，重点解析"call"在这句话的意思。
==>call称为，当作。
全句翻译：以森林为家的动物们受到了巨大的灾难。
5、American and Europe will pool research into hydrogen-powered fuel cells.
PS:翻译这句话，重点解析"pool"在这句话的意思。
==>pool集中投入，pool的名词意思是“池塘”，动词本义是“汇合成塘”的意思，这里用的是比喻义，想象一下不难理解的。
全句翻译：
美国和欧洲将集中注资到氢燃料电池的研究中。
6、It shows the United States is out to make peace with eco-friendly Europe.
PS:翻译这句话
==>这表明美国将尽力与生态环境好的欧洲和平相处。
out这里是副词，表示“致力于”。
7、Fuel cells create electricity by combining oxygen and hydrogen without producing harmful emissions, and technical construction poses few basic challenges.
PS:翻译这句话，重点解析"call"在这句话的意思。
==>燃料电池通过氧气和氢气反应来发电而不发出有害物质，并且在技术的组建上提出了很少的挑战。
这里没有call,只有cell,是电池的意思，名词。pose challenge提出挑战，就是指技术上的难关。
8、But opinion is sharply divided over how to obtain hydrogen without wasting more natural resources.
PS:翻译这句话，重点解析"over"在这句话的意思。
==>但是在如何不浪费更多自然资源的情况下获得氢气这个问题上，意见出现了分歧。
其中的over相当于on,就是“关于”的意思。
9、That means making use of renewable resources for the task, say wind and solar resources.
PS:翻译这句话，重点解析"say"在这句话的意思。
==>那意味着该任务是要利用可再生资源，比如风能和太阳能。
其中的say是副词，比如，相当于for example.
10、Whitman assured the public that the air was safe before testing was conclusive. In addition, all EPA statements were required to be screened by the White House.
PS:翻译这句话
==>惠特曼向公众保证在测试下结论之前空气是安全的。而且，所有的EPA(美国环保署)申明都要求经过白宫的筛选。
screen：动词，筛选/过滤。
11、But New York Sen.(senator,参议员。)Hillary Clinton is calling for an investigation, saying somebody surely leaned on the EPA to lie, which Whitman strongly denies.
PS:翻译这句话
==>但是纽约的科学家希拉里.克林顿要求调查此事，说某些人明显的偏向于EPA(美国环保署)而说谎，对于这个，惠特曼坚决否认。
call for:相当于demand,require，
lean on:偏向于。
Passage:
When it comes to air pollution, the simple life isn’t necessarily the safest. The most poisonous atmosphere in Asia is found not in rapidly modernizing cities like New Delhi or Beijing but inside the kitchens of homes in rural Asia. Millions of families in the countryside heat their abodes and cook with open fires using cheap fuels that belch carbon monoxide and other noxious fumes at level up to 500 times international safety limits. Rural women and children often spend hours each day in poorly, ventilated kitchens, breathing this putrid air. “This is a problem that has been around forever, as long as humankind has existed, bu t it’s been ignored,” says Eva Rehfuess, a World Health Organization expert on indoor air pollution. “If you walked into these kitchens, your eyes would start tearing and you would find it difficult to breathe. It’s terrible. ”
The WHO estimates that indoor air pollution cause 1.6 million deaths per year in developing countries around the world, up to 555,000 of which occur in India alone-and overwhelmingly it’s the poor who are dying. Villagers have no choice but to use wood, coal or dung fires, raising the risk that young children will be killed by carbon-monoxide poisoning or a bad case of pneumonia ravaging weakened lungs. Likewise, the women who typically keep their home fires burning are vulnerable to chronic respiratory d iseases. “Day in and day out for 50 years, some of these women might be cooking six hours a day, exposed to pollutions,” says Rehfuess.
Curtailing indoor air pollution can be as simple as replacing open wood fires with better-ventilated cookstoves, but more sophisticated stoves can cost up to $120. China and India, home to the world’s largest rural populations, have launched ambitious national programs in recent decades to supply villagers with safer stoves at subsidized prices. But the programs have not always worked, in India, for example, some 33 million stoves were given out free to villagers in rural areas from 1984 to 2000—but because of a lack of health education or follow-up maintenance, most families abandoned the cookstoves for their old fires within a few years.
That’s left nongovernmental organizations like the shell Foundation to step into the gap.（间隙，裂缝，空白）It has begun a pilot program with local Indian NGOs in a pair of rural states to develop and market clean, wood-burning stoves that cost just $5-$10 yet can reduce （emissions[i'mi??n]）by up to 40%. The project is on track to sell 1000,000 stoves by the end of 2005, and the groups plan to expand the program nationally in the future. Program manager Karen Westley says Shell and its partner NGOs made an effort to sell their customers not just more efficient tools but also the idea that different is better. “You have to make sure people actually want that damn thing,” says Westely. “They need to make the connection between having a better
stove, breathing less smoke and experiencing better health in the end.”
But habits ingrained （ingrain [in'ɡrein] vt.生染;就…原料染色n.原纱染色; 固有品质）by tradition can be hard to break. “They’ve been living with this always, and so have their mothers and grandmothers,”says Rehfuess. “You have to give people the felling they can do something about it.”And that they’ll breathe a lot easier for their trouble.
参考译文:
说到空气污染，并不是说简单的日常生活就必然是最安全的。研究显示，在亚洲，毒气最浓的空气并不在新德里和北京这样的现代化速度很快的城市，而是在亚洲农村家庭的厨房里。在农村，上百万的家庭用明火取暖或是做饭，他们使用的是廉价的燃料，这些燃料所释放的一氧化碳量和其他有毒烟雾量是国际标准的500倍。农村地区的妇女和孩子经常每天在通风不好的厨房里待上几个小时，呼吸这种有毒的空气。“这个问题从人类诞生以来就一直存在着，但是却一直被忽视了，”一位名叫伊娃.瑞弗丝的世界卫生组织室内空气污染方面的专家说道，“走进厨房你的眼睛就开始流泪，而且你会觉得呼吸困难，这太可怕了。”
世界卫生组织估计，在发展中国家，室内空气污染造成每年160万人死亡，其中印度占55万——而且死亡的大部分都是穷人。村民们除了用木头，煤或者是粪肥来烧火之外别无选择，这样会增加小孩子一氧化碳中毒死亡的危险，肺功能减弱，肺炎得病率增加。同样，那些在家里生火的妇女很容易得慢性呼吸道疾病。瑞弗丝说“有些妇女一天要花6小时做饭，五十年里日复一日，每天都生活在污染中。”
减少室内空气污染其实非常简单，只要用一套通风比较好的厨灶来代替木头生火就可以了，但是比较高级的厨灶要花120美元。中国和印度是世界上两个农村地区人口最多的国家，在最近几十年里启动了全国范围的救助项目，以补贴价格供给农村居民安全性能最好的厨灶。但是，这个项目并不是一直起作用。例如，印度政府在1984-2000年间免费发放了三百三十万套厨灶给农村地区农民，但是由于缺少健康知识教育和相关维护，多数家庭几年之后就又回到他们原来的取火方式了。
这使得一些像谢尔基金会这样的非政府组织参与进来。该组织与印度当地非政府组织在一些乡村地区开始小规模实验项目，开发和推广干净的、燃烧木头的厨灶，并使之市场化。这样厨灶可以减少40%的氧化排放量，并且只需要5-10美元。这个项目计划到2005年底出售15套厨灶，该组织准备今后在全国范围内推广这个项目。该项目的经理凯温.威斯特里说谢尔和它的非政府组织合作伙伴努力销售给顾客的不光是一种最高效的工具，而且还有一种理念，那就是：有所改变会更好。威斯特里说：“你必须要确定人们确实想要那东西与他们最终需要的联系，即在拥有一套好的厨灶，少呼吸烟雾和体验到健康的身体这三者之间建立一种联系。”
但是根深蒂固的传统习惯很难改变。瑞弗丝说：“他们一直是这样生活的，包括他们的母亲和祖母也是这样生活的，你需要给他们一种感觉，那就是他们可以对此做些改变。”这样人们会对自己的麻烦事感到轻松许多。
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第5部分
Unit 5 Weather and Climate
Dialogues/monologues:
I am passionate about English, and the challenge of expressing English fluently and swimmingly with
foreigners was the principal motivation.
1、……having been brought up in the countryside.
2、Those mighty winds pulled in a band of cloud and some patchy rain through the small hours, and into the
first part of the morning.
我的翻译是：那些强劲的大风卷起一层云彩，还有些零星的小雨下了好一会，一直持续到清晨。
不知道准确否?请高手赐教。
3、clearer skies and much light winds allowed temperatures to drop well into single figures resulting in a touch
of grand frost in some rural areas.
清凉的天空和微风让温度值降到了个位数,使得很多乡村地区出现了霜.
4、The early sunshine giving away to a bit more clouds.
give away：让步。
太阳被一小片云层遮住了。
5、There was something of a drier interlude before an active weather system moved in from the west.
6、Some of the more exposed locations saw sustained winds of 40mph with gusts of 58mph.
Passage:
The Greenhouse effect and Global warming
The heart-trapping capacity of the atmosphere is popularly known as the “greenhouse effect”. Despite public controversy surrounding global warming, the natural greenhouse effect has been long established as fact in the scientific community.
Indeed, carbon dioxide, and other gases, the earth’s natural climate would be about 33℃cooler than it is. Life would have evolved quite differently in such a climate.
Most scientists believe that the rapid expansion of agriculture and industrial activities over the last several hundred years have generated significant increases in carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. However, experts disagree about whether such changers have caused the increase of approximately 0.5℃in the earth’s surface temperature that has been documented over the past century. Many scientists cite the fact that 1997 was the warmest year on record, following a decade in which 9 of the 11 hottest years of this century were reported, as strong, but circumstantial, evidence that human activities have altered the earth’s climate. Other experts, however, believe this temperature trend is a natural variation.
Also disputed is whether projected world population growth to more than 10 billion people by the year 2100 will result in a doubling or tripling of atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide. If such a buildup occurs, as many scientists predict, global surface temperatures could increase by anywhere from about one Celsius degree to about 4 Celsius degrees during the next century. The higher half of range involves temperature changes outside of those experienced by human civilizations since the end of the last ice age some 10,000 years ago. During the last ice age, average global temperatures were only about 5 Celsius degrees cooler than the present period.
A temperature increase of several degrees Celsius could result in a sea level rise ranging from about 10 cm to about 1 m. A sea level rise of about 0.5 m would be noticeable primarily in the most vulnerable, low-lying islands and coastal areas. Larger sea level rises would result in extensive flooding of lowland beaches, wetlands, and coastal settlements. Moreover, a higher sea level base would increases the risk of catastrophic storm surges in coastal areas, since flooding would likely extend island well beyond historic levels.
Warmer temperature could also intensify droughts in some regions, destabilize ecosystems, and cause the decline or extinction of some species. Since carbon dioxide enhances photosynthesis, some scientists have calculated that higher concentrations in the atmosphere would increase the productivity of crops and forests. But others have point out that carbon dioxide increase and a warming climate could encourage the spread of destructive pests, including weeds and disease-carrying insects.
参考译文：
大气储存热量的能力被普遍看作是“温室效应”。尽管公众对于全球气候变暖这一问题存在争议，但是在科学界，自然的温室效应问题很久前就被看作是事实了。确实，如果不是因为云层、水蒸气、二氧化碳以及其他气体对热量的储存，地球的自然温度应该比现在
低33度，生命在那种气候条件下的进化将会大不一样。
大多数科学家相信，在过去几百年里农业和工业的迅速发展使得大气中二氧化碳和甲烷的含量迅速增加。然而，对于这些改变是否是造成地球表面温度比上个世纪增加了大约0.5摄氏度的原因，专家们持不同意见。许多科学家引述了这样一个事实：1997年是有气象记录以来最热的一年，之前的十年里有九年排在本世纪温度最高的前11名里，这充分且有力地证明了人类活动已经改变了地球的气候。但是另外一些科学家却认为这种温度变化趁势是自然变化。
另一个争议是关于世界计划人口到2100年突破100亿是否会使大气中二氧化碳含量增加一倍到两倍?许多科学家预测说如果这种情况真的发生的话，下个世纪世界各地的气温都将升高，升高程度从一度到四度不等。这个温度变化范围中最大的部分比从上个冰河时代末期到现在的10000年间人类经历的温度变化还要大。在上一个冰河时期，全球平均气温只比现在低5摄氏度。
温度升高几度会造成海平面升高10厘米到1米不等。海平面上升0.5米对于处在低地的岛屿和沿海地区来说就相当危险了。海平面再升高一些就会给低地的海滩、湿地、和沿海居民带来特大洪灾。而且，海平面升高就会增加沿海地区发生灾难性暴风雨的可能性，因为洪水可能会以前所末有的强度登陆。
温度升高还会加剧一些地方的干旱，破坏生态平衡，造成一些物种数量的减少甚至灭绝。由于二氧化碳能促进光合作用，所以一些科学家估计大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会提高庄稼的产量并且促进森林生长。但是另外一些科学家则指出二氧化碳的增加和气候变暖会使得具有破坏性的害虫、杂草以及携带疾病的昆虫大规模扩散。
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记第6部分
Unit 6 Eating and Drinking
Dialogues /monologues:
1、I’m in a hurry.
我得赶紧。“in a hurry”指匆忙，有时用作口语也表示轻易地做好某件事情。
2、These days the most sought-after tables are hidden away, several floors above ground, in the city’s high-rise apartments, which are run by chefs out of their own homes or from rented spaces..
这句话的意思我翻译为：目前，很多广受欢迎的餐馆总是藏匿在公寓大厦地面上方的楼层，就在厨
师们自家门口或是租的空地外面营业。
3、Merely requesting a reservation can be as difficult as getting one.
哪怕是仅仅要求预定(房间)都有可能象真要得到它一样那么难。
4、Exclusively is the main attraction for customers in a city that is still obsessed with status.
独有性(专用权)是吸引城市消费者的主要因素，因为人们还是会被身份地位(带来的虚荣感)所迷惑的。
5、I can’t make up my mind about what to have for dessert.
make up one’s mind：下决心、作决定。
本句的意思是：餐后吃什么甜点，我还没能做出决定。
Passage:
The ladies were puzzled. Cheryl Spangler, Valeria Borunda Jameson and Susan Puckett, three university-admissions workers on a training visit to Florence, Kentucky, had walked into a local barbecue joint called Chung Kiwha. But instead of sauce-covered mutton served up from the kitchen, they saw a buffet of uncooked meats and vegetables. Instead of knives and forks, they were given large scissors, chopsticks and metal tongs. No candle flickered at their table, but a bucket of fiery wood charcoal hissed in the tabletop grill pit. Chung Kiwha served barbecue, all right—cook-it-your-self Korean barbecue. “I didn’t realize there were restaurants like this,” marveled Spangler to her friends, who hail from Knoxville, Tennessee, and I worked in restaurants for 20 years.
The secret is out, thanks to the growing popularity of restaurants where the customer is the chef. Long a staple of immigrant communities in big cities, restaurants where diners chop, grill, boil, or dip their dip their food are hot in the American heartland. St.Paul, Minnesota, has Thai hot-pot cooking. Indianapolis, Indiana, has Japanese shabu-shabu (another type of hot pot). A pizzeria in Las Vegas lets customers roll the dough.
Why would people bother going out to cook their own meal? “Americans want control,”says Hudson Riehle, senior vice president of research for the National Restaurant Association. “The cook-it-your-self experience embodies the American values of freedom of choice and independence.” With families spending 46% of their food budget on meals outside the home, they miss the cooking experience—sort of. “Psychologically, people want to be a little involved,” says Pamela Parseghian, executive food editor at Nation’s Restaurant News.
Not every diner, however, embraces the experience. Dragged in by enthusiastic wives, “men often sit with their arms crossed…that is, until we fill them up with good wine,”says Will Layfield, owner of the Melting Pot in Westwood, New Jersey. At the Vinoklet, diner Grey Schafer says, “I don’t cook at home, and if I’m going to pay good money, I want someone to do the
2019 年全国英语等级考试 pets3三级常见语法解析(4) 虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由 if 虚拟条件从句和主句构成。 一、虚拟语气的基本内容 根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式： 假设类型If 虚拟条件从句 主句与现在事实相反Did/were Would/should do与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done与将来事实可能相反Were to do/did/should do Would/should do 例： 1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter. 2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost 3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn ’t be able to see her friends very often. 4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. 5、Do you think there would be less conflict ( 战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language. 6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. 二、 if 的省略形式( 又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "
Part B Directions: Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the importance of doing exercise. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person to one qf the statements (A to G)given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Patricia: I went by Inter-Rail this summer with a group of friends from university. I think it worked very well, although a few of them said they'd never do it again—I guess it wasn r t quite like they thought it was going to be~not as comfortable probably. We usually slept in hostels or on the train so we were completely exhausted but 1 think we had a great time. Next year V 11 see if 1 can perhaps visit fewer places and not get so worn out. Davis: I traveled about 6,000 kilometres in four weeks with a couple of friends from college. We spent weeks planning out the route and all the places we were intending to go to. Would I do it again? Well, f d have to think carefully about that but, on the whole the trip was good for me as I was the official translator, which was great as V m normally a bit shy of talking to people 1 don't know. On the last night of the holiday they treated me to a really expensive meal for helping them out. It was terrific! Jenise: Well, I guess I had a good time now when I look back on it, and I saw eight countries in four weeks. Everything went well but I think that from now on 1' 11 probably choose to do something else. I want to meet local people rather than just people who work for the train service ! I did get to know quite a few other English and American students and they were great but it didn* t do much for my French and Gennan. Nigel: I think it's definitely the best way of getting around Europe even though you have to spend money on the Inter-Rail ticket before you leave. I have a friend who hitch-hikes and he says that's the only way to travel because it's free and you see more interesting places. But I knew I could jump on a train wherever I wanted in the morning, while he would still be standing in the rain hoping for a lift. So all in all I think I got the better deal, especially as 1 could take the night train and save on hotel bills. Hawk: F vc done it quite a few times now and V m used to the kind of problems that arisc—likc having to sleep in a park because the train arrived too late for me to get a hotel bed, and trying to keep to a tight budget. The mistake people often make is to just get off at the tourist spots. Try getting off the train at the little villages, like I do. They1 re usually fascinating and the people are friendlier, too. Even if they don't understand your miserable attempt at their language they still smile and nod.
全国英语等级考试三级写作 邀请信 提出邀请： 我们要……，你能来吗？ We’re having a… can you come？ We’ll…，will you join us？ 我希望你能参加……。好吗？I would like you to come to … 我们准备……，非常希望你能来。 We’re planning…，will you give us the pleasure of your company？ 我们希望你尽可能来参加 We’d love to have you here if you can possibly make it. 你愿意来……吗？How would you like to come to…？ 你来得了吗？Can you be present？／Will you come？ 我们都盼望你来。We hope you can come. / We’re eager to have you here．/ We should like to have you join us． 愿意来……吗？Would you care to come for…？ 敬请光临request the pleasure of the company of sb．
request the honour of sb．’s presence cordially invite the pleasure of sb…． 为欢迎??to meet sb．／in honor of sb 为纪念…诞辰 to commemorate the… birthday of sb．／In honour of．．／ 为庆祝…金婚 to celebrate the gold wedding of… 某人届时将出席 sb．will be present 请答复 R．S．V．P．[reply, if you please] ／Please reply／ Kindly send reply to sb．／Please respond to sb．／ The favor of a reply is requested ／ 活动内容： 朋友周末小聚 have some friends for the weekend 一起喝茶 come for tea with us 打桥牌 play bridge 跳舞 have dancing /there will be dancing 有两张……票 have two tickets for… 各类聚会：a small，informal party／a birthday party for sb．／a garden party／masquerade／holiday party 与某人共进晚餐 join sb．for dinner／ have dinner with sb．／dine with sb
2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help smal l and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/d81522479.html, about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 36. The purpos e of Google’s investments is to ________. A) help poor people B) develop new technology
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
全国英语等级考试PETS考试流程 （一）关于考试指导语和题目用语 为了让考生发挥应有的水平，在PETS一、二级的笔试中听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作的指导语都是中文的。此外，为避免考生直接挪用试题中的语言，写作和口试试题也有可能是中文的，但口试中口试教师的口头说明仍使用英文。在PETS三、四、五级的考试中，笔、口试的指导语都将使用英文。在三、四级写作题中所提供的引导性材料可能会涉及到少量的中文。 （二）关于答题卡和登分卡的使用 PETS各级别的考试都有其特别设计的答题卡和登分卡。笔试中，使用的是用于光电阅读器（OMR）评分的客观题答题卡和用于人工阅卷的主观题答题（阅读器登分）卡。四、五级的客观题答题卡在机器阅读前，有部分题目也需要人工评阅。 口试使用的是口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束时口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 *包括翻译题（阅读理解部分B节）的作答和评分。 （三）关于答题时间PETS各级别的答题时间分配如下表所示：
单位：分钟一级二级三级四级五级 听力20 20 25 30 35 英语知识运用20 25 15 15 20 阅读理解30 35 40 60 50 写作20 40 40 35 35 笔试（共）90 120 120 140 140 口试（共）8 10 10 12 15 （四）关于笔试试卷的采分点（原始赋分） PETS每一级别各部分的采分点（原始赋分）如下表所示。除特殊情况外，原则上每题一分，括号内的数字表示各部分的题量。 一级二级三级四级 五级 听力25（25）20（20）25(25) 25（20）30（30） 英语知识运用25（25）35（35）20(20) 20（20）20（20） 阅读理解20（20）20（20）35*(20) 35**(25) 35***（30） 写作13(3+1) 35(10+1) 30(1+1) 20（1）25（1） 笔试（合计）83 110 110 100 110
全国英语等级考试（PEST）三级笔试模拟试题及详解（二） SECTION I Listening（略） SECTION II Reading Part A Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Text 1 Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport, they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
1 1 a (an ) art. (非特指的)一(个)；任何一个；每一(个) AD . n.公元 A .M . adv.上午，午前 abandon v.放弃；抛弃，离弃 abdomen n.腹；腹部 abide v.(by)坚持；遵守；容忍 ability n.能力，智能；才能，才干；技能 able adj.能够，有能力的 abolish v.废除，取消 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处 adv.大约 above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于… abroad adv.出国，在国外 abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；陡峭的，险峻的；(举止，言谈等) 不流畅的 absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent adj.(from) 缺席的，不在场的；漫不经心的 absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；专制的 absorb v.吸收；吸引，使专心 abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 n.摘要；抽象 v.摘要；转移 absurd adj.愚蠢的；荒唐的 abundant adj.丰富的；充足的 abuse v.& n.滥用；谩骂 academic adj.学院的；学术的，教学的 accelerate v.加速；促进 accent n.腔调，口音；重音(符号) accept v.认可，接受 access n.接近，进入；入口，通路；接近(或进入) 的方法 accident n.事故 accidental adj.偶然的，意外的 accommodate v.留宿，收容；供应，供给；容纳 accommodations n.住宿 accompany v.陪伴，陪同 accomplish v.完成，实现 according to prep.根据 account n.账户 accumulate v.积累，积蓄；堆积 accurate adj.精确的，准确的 accuse v.(of) 控告，谴责 accustom v.(to) 使习惯 ache v.痛；哀怜 n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 acid n.酸 adj.酸的；酸性的 acquaint v.使认识，使了解 acquaintance n.熟人；相识；熟悉 acquire v.取得，获得；学到 acre n.英亩 acrobat n.杂技演员 across prep.穿过；在另一边，在对面 adv.横越 act v.行动；做 action n.行动，行为；动作，活动；(on) 作用 active adj. 活动的，活泼的，活跃的；主动的，积极的；敏捷的；剧烈的 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actual adj.实际的，事实上的；真实的 ad (=advertisement )n.广告 adapt v.(to)(使) 适合；改编，改写 add v.加 addition n.加，加法；附加物 additional adj.附加的，另外的 address n.地址 adequate adj.足够的，充分的；符合要求的 adhere v.(to) 粘附；坚持，遵循 adjective n.形容词 adj.形容词的 adjust v.调节，校正；(to)(使)适应 administration n.管理，经营；行政(机关，部门);政府 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admit v.承认 adopt v.采用，采纳；收养 adult n.成(年)人；成体 adj.成年人的；已成熟的 advance v.前进；取得进展 advanced adj.高级的，先进的 advantage n.优点，优势 adventure v.大胆进行，拿…冒风险 n.冒险活动，冒险；奇遇 advertise v.做广告 advice n.忠告；建议 advise v.劝告，建议 adviser n.(政府，公司等的) 顾问 affair n.事，事情，事件 affect v.影响，传染；感动 affection n.爱，慈爱 affirm v.断言；(法庭上) 陈述 affirmative adj.肯定的 n.(指言语) 表示同意的词语 afford v.买得起，担负得起 afraid adj.恐怕的；担心的；害怕的 Africa n.非洲 African adj.非洲的 n.非洲人 after prep.在…以后 conj.在…以后 adv.以后 afternoon n.下午 afterward adv.(-s )后来，以后 again adv.又，再 against prep.反对；与之成对手，对着；防止；碰 age n.年龄 agency n.经办；媒介；代理处 agent n.代理人，代表 ago adv.以前 agony n.苦恼；极大痛苦 agree v.同意 agreement n.协议，协定；一致，同意 agricultural adj. 农业的 agriculture n.农业，农学 ahead adv.在前；向前 aid v./n.辅助，援助，救助 aim v.把…瞄准，把…对准 air n.空气；天空 aircraft n.飞机，航空器 airline n.航线；航空公司 airmail n.空邮 airplane n.飞机 airport n.机场 alarm n.警报；惊恐 v.使惊恐，惊动，惊吓；向…报警 alcohol n.酒精，乙醇 alert adj.警惕的；机灵的 n.警报；警戒状态；警戒期间 v.使警觉 alike adj.相同的；相像的 adv.相同地，一样地 alive adj.活着的；存在的；有活力的，活跃的
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（一） Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction Dialogues /monologues: 1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。 此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 2、He really knows how to bring a person out. "bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。 整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 PS：to bring sb. out 意思为：to make someone feel more confident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 3、he looks like his fun to be with. 整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。 句子解析 4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。 这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新
学校及时开学. 5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? arts staff 怎么翻译? ==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: (the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 6、There are a number of other positions to consider. "A number of" 换成"a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? ==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 a number of代替而不能用a great many. 修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 将"letting me"换成"let me" 行不行，为什么? ==>不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词),这里的letting是let的 动名词形式。 8、I’m afraid I certainly do mind, if it’s all the same to you.
公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案（1） SectionⅠListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand. Now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test is started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Example:
全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级考试大纲全国公共英语(pets)三级考试大纲概述 PETS 第三级考试由笔试试卷和口试试卷组成。笔试试卷(120分钟)分四部分：听力、英语知识使用、阅读理解和写作。口试试卷(10 分钟)分三节考查考生的口语交际水平。笔试试卷和口试试卷都使用 英文指导语。 (一)听力 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的水平。 A节(10题)：考查考生理解事实性信息的水平。要求考生根据所 听到的10段简短对话(总长约400词，总持续时间约3’30")，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。每题有15秒答题时间 (5秒用作听前 读题，10秒用作听后答题)。 B节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的水平。要求考生根 据所听到的4段对话或独白(每段平均约200词，持续1’40"-2’10"，总长约 800词，持续8’30") ，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。每题有20 秒答题时间(5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题。每篇 对话或独白的听前读题和听后答题时间，都按题数累计给出)。每段录 音材料只播放一遍。问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。 听力考试实行时，考生将答案标在试卷上;听力部分结束后，考生 有三分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡1上。该部分所需时间 约为25分钟(含转涂时间)。 (二)英语知识使用 该部分考查考生对语法结构、词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况。 共20小题。在一篇200-250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考 生从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、
前后连贯、结构完整。其中有13-15道题考查词汇和表达方式，5-7道题考查语法结构。 该部分所需时间约为15分钟。考生在答题卡1上作答。 (三)阅读理解 测试考生理解书面英语的水平。 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的水平。 A节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的水平。要求考生根 据所提供的3篇文章的内容(平均长度为350词左右)从每题所给的4 个选择项中选出选项。 B节(5题)：考查考生理解文章(约长350词)的主旨要义的水平。考生须从七个选项中排除两个干扰项，将准确的概述与五段文字逐一 搭配成对。该部分所需时间约为40分钟。考生在答题卡1上作答。 (四)写作 该部分由A 、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达水平。 A节：考生根据所给情景(英/中文)写出约100词(不计算标点符号)的简单信件、便笺等。 B节：考生根据所给情景，写出一篇很多于120词(不计算标点符号)的文章。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、文字等。 该部分所需时间约为40分钟。考生在答题卡2上作答。 (五)口试 口试分A、B、C三节，测试考生用英语实行口头交际的水平。 每次口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师不 参与交谈，专事评分;另一名主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。专事