公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六）
Unit 21 Services(1)
Dialogues /monologues:
1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival.
2、 This could be a precise place for you.
关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别?
accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意
accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误
delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的
exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差
precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义
3、 Art-house.
Art-house：艺术电影院
指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。
4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right?
specializes in：擅长于，专攻。
5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only
a dollar more.
作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
6、 Take my order out of this.
out of：作为“根据”的意思。全句是：根据我点的去做吧。
7、 No sooner do we start to look for a motel, when one appears.
每当我们想找汽车旅馆的想法一出现，都回恰逢其时的有一家跃入我们的视线。
No sooner ：一旦…立即… "when"=就在那个时候。
Passage:
The sale of alcohol in Britain is strictly controlled by licensing laws. These restrict where, when and by whom alcohol may be sold. In order to open a pub or wine bar the owner must obtain the approval of the local magistrates who must be satisfied that he or she is a suitable person to sell alcohol. If the application is approved the owner obtains a license to sell alcohol and becomes the license. The name of the licensee is displayed above the front door. If magistrates are not happy with the way a pub is being run they can cancel the license. The name of the licensee is displayed above the front door. If magistrates are not happy with the way a pub is being run they can cancel the license.
Many pubs are licensed to sell alcohol for drinking on or off the premises. However, most people buy alcohol for drinking at home in a supermarket or an off-license. Shops and supermarket have to get a license, called on off-license before they can sell alcohol. Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol, either in a pub or in shop.
Pubs are only allowed to sell alcohol during official opening hours. They are allowed to remain open all day from 11a.m. to 11p.m. though many close in the afternoon. If they wish to stay open after 11p.m., they must obtain a special late license pubs open for a shorter time on Sundays, and in some parts of Wales they are closed altogether.
In the US, there are local laws about when and where alcohol can be sold. Some towns are dry, i.e., no alcohol can be sold there at all. In general, restaurants and bars need a license to sell beer and wine. In some states alcohol for drinking at home is sold only in special liquor stores; in other places it is sold in any food shop. There are fewer restrictions on when alcohol can be sold than there are in Britain, and bars can stay open very late. The most common restriction is that alcohol may not be sold early on Sunday mornings.
参考译文:
在英国经营酒是受酒类专卖法严格控制的。在哪卖，什么时间卖，由谁卖，都有严格的规定。想要开酒吧或是葡萄酒吧，老板必须要得到地方官员的同意，而地方官员要觉得这个人合适才会同意他/她经营酒
类。如果申请批准了，老板拿到营业执照并成为执照持有人，他的名字就会被贴在正门上。一旦地方官员不满意此人的经营方式，他就会被吊销执照。
在很多有执照的酒吧，客人可以在店里喝酒也可以买酒带走。但是，很多人在超市或者卖酒执照的商店买酒回家去喝。商店和超市都必须拿到营业执照，在准许卖酒之前他们要申请卖酒经营执照。不管是在酒吧还是在商店，18岁以下的人都不准买酒。
酒吧只能在官方规定的营业时间卖酒，可以从上午11点开到晚上11点，但是很多酒吧在下午就关门了。如果想到在晚上11点仍然营业的话就需要一个特殊的夜间营业执照。酒吧在礼拜天的营业时间一般很短，在威尔士的一些地方，酒吧在礼拜天不营业。
在美国，卖酒的时间和地点也受地方法律的限制。一些城镇根本不允许卖酒。通常情况下，餐馆和酒吧需要有执照才可以卖啤酒和葡萄酒。在有些州，家里喝的酒只能在酒类专卖店才能买得到;而在其他地方，任何食品商店里都可以买得到酒。美国酒类经营店的营业时间比起英国要宽松的多，酒吧也可以营业到很晚。两国最相近的规定是都不可以在礼拜天早上卖酒。
Unit 22 Services(2)
Dialogues /monologues:
1、He’s now turning to Mary, his fellow student yet a native American, for help.
turning to：在这里是“求助于”的意思。
2、I’m desperately in need of your help.
in need of：需要。
3、 EMS [邮政特快专递 (Express Mail Service)]
4、 From the moment, when the service started, EMS constantly stick to serving the economic reform and opening to the outside world by reorganizing the operational procedures and accelerating the transmission of the items to meet the various need of the people, by increasing the investment to the production capacity and adopting high-tech to improve services, by offering 11185, the hotline and desk-to-desk, door-to-door service to qualify the services.
meet one’s need：满足某人的需要。
长句解析：从服务开始启动之后，特快专递坚持不懈地致力于为经济改革服务，并且通过改造运作程序和加速项目传输为外面世界打开阀门，以此来满足人们各种不同需求。通过对产量的加大投资和采用高科技来改善服务，通过提供11185热线以及点对点、面对面的服务来验证服务质量。
Passage:
A modern bank provides many services other than checking accounts. One of the most important of these is regular passbook savings.
If you went to a bank to open a savings account, you would go through almost the same procedures as followed in applying for a checking account. First you would be asked to fill out a signature card. Then you would be given a passbook in which your initial deposit would be recorded. All deposits and withdrawals from your account are entered into your passbook. This means that the passbook contains an actual record of all savings you have at any one time. With a regular passbook savings account, you would be able to withdraw money whenever you need it .all you would have to do is fill out a withdrawal order and present it, along with your passbook, to the teller.
All banks pay interest on savings accounts. The interest rate varies from bank to bank, but the general range is from 4 to 6 percent. Banks also pay interest at different times. But the majority of them pay semiannually. Suppose, for example, that on January 1, you deposit $1000 in bank that paid 5 percent interest semiannually. By July 1, you would have earned $50 interest. The interest would automatically be credited to your account; and if you left it in the bank, along with your original deposit, you would receive interest on $1050 for the nest six-month period. That is, your interest would be compounded.
If you knew that you could keep your money in the bank for a certain period of time, you could get a higher interest rate by buying a savings certificate. These certificates are for three months. You can also buy certificates for periods of one or two years. When you buy a savings certificate, you sign a contract with the bank stating that you will not be able to get your money back until the date when the certificate is due.
Another important service that banks provide is traveler’s checks. If you go o n a vacation or traveled on business to another cit or state or country, you probably want to bring some traveler’s checks along with you. They have two important advantages over cash. One is that your money is always safe. If the checks are lost or stolen, you can receive a refund for the total amount. Another is that they are more convenient. Many businesses are reluctant to cash personal checks on out-of-town banks. But with proper identification, you can readily cash traveler’s checks almost anywhere in the United States or abroad. Every traveler’s check has its own individual number. When you buy these checks (you must purchase at least $50 worth), the teller gives you a slip on which the number of every check is recorded. A copy of this slip is kept b the bank. If the checks are lost or stolen, you can bring this slip to the bank and your money will be returned. Before you are given the checks, you are asked to sign each one of them at the top. When you cash the check, you must sign it again in the presence of the person who gives you the money at the bottom. For this service, the bank charges 1 percent of the amount of the check. If you bought a $50 check, for example, you would have to pay $0.50 for it.
参考译文:
除了活期账户，银行还提供主许多其他的服务。其中最重要的是存折储蓄。
去银行开一个储蓄账户的过程和申请活期账户大致一样。首先是填一张签名卡。然后银行工作人员会给你一个存折，上面有你第一笔的存款记录。以后每次存款或取款都会在存折上有记录，这就是说存折上会显示你在任何需要的时候取钱。取钱的时候只需要填一张取款单，把它同存折一并交给出纳员。
所有的银行都付利息给储蓄账户。各个银行的利率不一样，但总体在4%到6%之间波动。
各银行，付利息的时间也不一样，但是大部分银行都是半年付一次。比如说你在1月1号存入了1000美元，利息为5%，那么到7月1号，你就能得到50美元的利息，利息会自动存入你的账户。如果你将利息和原来的存款一起留在账户里的话，下六个月你得到的利息是$1050的基础上开出来的，就是说你所得到的利息是以复利来计算的。
如果你确定自己的钱将会在银行存比较长的时间，你可以买一张储蓄单据，这样得到的利息就比较高。你可以买$500的储蓄单据或者更多。储蓄单据开出的时间越长，你得到的利息就越多。短期的储蓄单据是三个月。你还可以买时间是一年或两年的储蓄单据。在买储蓄单据的时候，你要跟银行签一项合同，说明在单据最后期限之前你不能从银行取钱。
银行的另一项重要服务是旅行支票。如果你去别的城市，别的州或国家度假或者是出差，你大概会想带一些旅行支票。比起现金，旅行支票有两个重要优点：一是安全，如果你的支票丢了或是被偷了，上面的钱还可以如数找回。另外是方便。有些私人支票在城镇的银行兑不到钱，但是只要有身份证明，旅行支票在哪都能兑到钱，不管是在美国还是在国外。每一张旅行支票都有特定的号码。在买支票的时候(至少买50美元的)，出纳员会给你一张记录所有支票号码的单子。银行也会将这张单子备份保存，如果支票丢了或是被偷了你可以拿着这张单子到银行拿回支票上面的钱。在给你支票之前出纳员还会在每张支票上方签上自己的名字，兑钱的时候还要在给你钱的出纳员那儿再签一次，这次是签在支票下方。银行会收取支票面额的1% 作为手续费，比方说，你买一张50元的支票要付0.5美元的手续费。
Unit 23 Making friends and communication
Dialogues /monologues:
1、we lived with a cousin in Dallas for 2 years.
lived with：与……同住(寄宿在…家)
2、I have to do a load of laundry today.
我今天还得洗完一筐衣服。
3、I think my parents would have liked to live overseas for at least 20 more years.
我想(要不是这样),父母可能还要在海外生活至少20年。(虚拟语气，实际上父母已经
回国了)
4、A lot of proposals floating around state legislatures are aimed at throwing the children of illegal immigrants out of public schools. Do you find such ideas helpful?
许多旨在从公立学校驱逐非法移民子女的提议日日涌向州立法团体，您认为这些办法有益
吗?(floating是“未决定的”)
Passage:
I got a chance to actually meet an online friend in real life when I went on vacation to San Francisco. I‘d left a note in my live Journal telling everyone where I’d be going. When I went online at the hotel, I found a comment from my friend Kim telling me that she lived nearby in Palo Alto, and asking if I wanted to get together.
After checking with my parents, I rushed back to the computer to let her know that I cloud meet her on my way back too Los Angeles. We exchanged cell phone numbers and set up a meeting place and time. After hanging up, though, I began to get nervous. I had known her for a few months, but meeting someone in person is a lot different than chatting over the internet, and I was worried it wouldn’t turn out well.
We both brought people with us for safety reasons—I brought my parents and she brought a friend—and met in front of a bookstore. I got there a few minutes early, and instructed my parents to please try not to embarrass me. I didn’t see her at first, but after a few minutes, we both recognized each other.
Even though I’d never met her before, I felt like I knew her from all the times we’d talked online. We talked about graphic design, the classes we were taking, clubs we were in and college, which we wer e both stressed out about since California schools are so competitive and it’s becoming harder to get accepted into good universities. My parents seemed to have a good time too—my dad got into some incredibly involved science conversation with Kim’s friend Derrick.
The meeting lasted less than an hour, since I had to get home. At the end, we hurried outside to take photos with each other, them said goodbye. Even though the meeting was short, it was a lot of fun, and we made plans to get together again if I came up north or she visited near Los Angeles. Now, we talk online several times a week. Before we had only a few conversations a month.
Meeting Kim helped my parents and I get more used to the idea of online and offline life intersecting. I’m glad to have found friends whom I never would have discovered otherwise.
参考译文:
在去旧金山度假的途中，我得以有机会在现实生活中与每一位网友见面。我在网络日记里告诉大家我要去哪。在旅馆上网的时候看到了我的朋友金的留言，她说她住在附近的Palo Alto，问我想不想聚聚。
在征得父母同意之后，我跑回电脑旁边告诉她我可以在回洛杉矶的时候见她。我们交换了手机号码，并且约好了见面的地点和时间。然而在下线之后我开始紧张了。我认识她几个月了，但是见面和在网上聊天是很不一样的，我担心见面之后会感觉不好。
由于安全问题，我们都自带了人过去——我带着父母，她带着一个朋友，我们在书店门口见的面。我早到了几分钟，我对爸爸妈妈说不要让我难堪。开始我没看见她，但是过了一会儿我们都认出对方了。
虽然我们从末见过面，但是我感觉从我们开始在网上聊天起我就认识她了。我们聊了图画设计，各自的班级，参加的俱乐部以及大学，在谈到大学的时候我们都说压力很大，因为加利福尼亚的学校竞争激烈，申请好大学越来越困难了。我爸爸妈妈看上去也很愉快——爸爸正跟金的朋友德瑞克聊科学聊得起劲。
我们见面的时间不到一个小时，因为我要回家了。在最后，我们抓紧时间跑出去照了个合影，然后就说再见了。虽然这次见面时间很短，但是却很开心，我们说好如果我来北部或者她去洛杉矶附近的话再见面。现在，我们一周在网上聊几次，而以前，我们一个月才聊几次。
与金的见面使我和我父母对网上世界和现实世界的交合更加习惯了。我很高兴通过这种方式结识新朋友，如果没有网络，也许我们永远都不可能认识。
Unit 24 Political, Legal and Social Issues
Dialogues /monologues:
1、Don’t go straight into politics, because no one will be particularly interested.
不要直面政治界，因为没人会特别感兴趣。
2、 There were big, difficult decisions to be taken during the Gulf War.
have sth to be done 意思是有某事将要去做.
在海湾战争中，曾有许多重大、艰难的事务有待决断。
3、 We were sometimes at odds with the Americans, and even the Germans.
我们有时候和美国人合不来，有时候甚至和德国人也不亲善。
4、 But the new bill requires that any American wishing to sponsor immigrations must have an income 125 percent above the poverty level. Previously, a sponsor needed only an income at poverty level.
但是新的法案要求，每个愿作移民担保的美国人必须拥有高于贫困线125%的收入。以前，担保人只要不在贫困线之下就可以了。
5、Wasn’t it after the women’s conference in Nairobi ten years ago that the world focused for the first time on the crisis of domestic violence?
难道不是十年前在内罗毕召开的妇女大会让全世界首次聚焦家庭暴力吗?
6、 What we are learning around the world is that if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish.
我们在全世界看到的都是，如果妇女健康又受过教育，她们的家庭就兴旺;如果妇女免于暴力之苦，她们的家庭就安康;如果妇女有工作机会并能同工同酬，她们的家庭就富裕。
7、 That is why every woman, every man, every child, every family, and every nation on our planet in society, has a stake in the discussion that takes place here.
这就是为什么我们这个星球上的每个女子、男子、儿童、家庭、国家，都参与了此时此刻的决定。(这里的stake是“股份”而不是“赌注”的意思，所以我这样翻译)
8、 I took it after consultation with members of the then new South African government, including President Nelson Mandela.
我在征询了新一届南非政府成员，包括纳尔逊*曼德拉总统的意见之后，这样决定。
Passage:
Compared to elections to other countries, a British election is a rapid and straightforward affair. Traditionally about 75 percent of the country’s 44 million registered voters take part. They each place a cross next to the name of the candidate they want to vote for on a ballot paper. In a general election, voters choose the man or woman they wish to represent them in the House of Commons.
Unlike other countries, Britain uses the “first-past-the-post” method for choosing its government. Under this system, the candidate who wins the highest number of votes in each constituency becomes the Member of Parliament (MP) for the seat, even if he or she has less than half of the total vote. Currently, there are 651 geographical constituencies in Britain.
Most candidates are members of Britain’s 3 main political parties. They are the conservatives, Labour, and the smaller Liberal Democrats.
Any citizen of Britain can try and get elected as an MP. Only bankrupts, prisoners, members of the clergy, peers and certain senior public officials are not allowed to stand. But in order to limit the number of people who do take apart, each c andidates is required to deposit￡ before the election. They “lose their deposit” if they fail to win 5 percent of the poll.
The “first-past-the-post” principle is also used to decide which party will from the new government. As a rule, the party which wins the most seats is invited by the Queen to form the government. The leader of that party then becomes the new prime minister.
The exact date of the election is chosen by the prime minister and is normally announced about a month in advance. This makes the election campaign quite short in comparison to countries like the U.S.A., where the campaign to elect the president lasts for up to nine months.
It’s estimated that up to a fifth of voters in Britain only decide who they will vote for in the last 4 weeks before an election. As a result, parties spend huge sums of money on advertising in the last few weeks. Individual candidates are limited by law on how much they may spend but no such restriction applies to the parties.
参考译文:
比起其他国家的选举，英国大选是一件快速且简单的事情。一般来说，全国登记的4400万选民中会有75%的人参加投票。他们只要在选票上自己支持的候选人名字旁边画上一个叉叉就可以了。在普选中，选民根据自己的意愿来选出下议院的代表。
与别的国家不同，英国采用“得票最多就获胜”的选举制度来组成政府，即：在一个选区获得票数最多的候选人就能获得议会的席位，即使他/她获得的选票不足总票数的一半。现在，英国有651个从地理上划分的选区。
大部分的候选人都属于英国的三个主要政党，即保守党、工党和最小的自由民主党。
英国所有的公民都有机会竞选议员，除了破产的人、囚犯、神职人员、贵族和某些高级官员。为了限制参加竞选的人数，每一个侯选人在大选之前都要交500英镑。如果他们获得的选票不足5%，政府就不退还那500英镑。
“得票最多就是获胜”的原则也用于决定哪个政党组成新的政府。根据惯例，获得席位最多的政党受女王的邀请来组阁。该政党的领袖成为新的首相。
选举的确切日期是由首相选定的，通常会提前一个月公布。这使得英国的竞选时间同美国这样的国家相比要短得多，美国的总统竞选时间最长可持续9个月。
有估计说五分之一的英国选民是在选举前四个礼拜才决定选谁。这就导致了各政党在最后几周花大把大把的钱做广告。英国有法律规定候选人在竞选过程中只能花多少钱，但是对政党没有规定。
Unit 25 Work and Posts
Dialogues /monologues:
1、Inevitably sometimes I’ll end up working evenings and weekends to meet deadline.
有时候，我为了最后期限前完成工作，无可避免地开夜车、放弃周末加班。
2、There’s often as much stress or even more, because your success all boils down to what you do.
压力经常一样、甚至更大，因为你的所有成功都得自你的所作所为。(boil down to sth.归结为***)
3、Sometimes you’ll need to do the books (and let’s hope you’re not too creative with that), and sometime you have to market your services, or clean up code, or cut and paste copy.
有时候你得做书面工作(让我们姑且认为你不在这方面创意泛滥吧)，有时候你必须推广你们的服务，或者整理代码，或者剪切、粘贴副本。
4、You may be working with an entire company’s worth of differing agendas and personalities to develop a website.
为了建成一个公司网站，你可能要利用到整个公司的种种议事日程和个性信息。(worth在这里是个量词，“整个的”)
5、 Take the approach that in order to fit in and contribute.
利用刚才的方法及早上手，并作出点贡献吧。
6、 Will I have interesting features from APTN, Reuters, CNN or other partners?
我们会不会上美联环球电视、路透社、有线新闻网或者其他伙伴的特别报道啊?
Passage:
I w ork in a university library. I’m a library aide which isn’t very high up the ladder in fact and on those organizational flow charts you get mine is the job put at the bottom of the page right in the corner. But I like my work which I know makes me luckier than a lot of people. There’s variety, and I get to meet some interesting people. In fact I meet people from places I wouldn’t even know where to look for on the map.
There are periods of boredom however, skull-crushing, mind-numbing boredom. And summer is the worst, as you can imagine summer in a university library doesn’t exactly buzz. You might think that’s a bonus, especially if you’ve worked somewhere when at times there is almost nothing to do you can’t appreciate the sense of time creeping, the fel ling of sleepiness, the sheer physical dullness in the atmosphere and the sense of something like panic that sets in at the thought of yet another hour of trying to shelve from empty shelves or an hour standing at a desk waiting and hoping for readers to appear. But that only lasts two or three months until, suddenly, they’re back and the year starts again with its moments of frantic effort and spells of inactivity.
There are a lot of misconceptions about library work—many of which I was guilty of before I started working in one. Most people think of it, when they think of it at all, for it seems to have this reputation as dull, as a nice, quiet almost charming job. Well, think again. At the sharp end it’s hard, heavy and sometimes dangerous work. And if you think I’m kidding about the dangerous part how about the risk of a heavy metal, very springy, hanging bookend flying out from the shelf into your face which has nearly happened to me more than once or a five or six pound book dropping on your head or your foot—both of which actually did happen to me. There are a lot of bruises, paper cuts—and dust.
For all that I have to repeat I enjoy it. When it’s not dead quiet it’s hectic, the time flies and you get a good feeling of accomplishment. It’s a nice pla ce to work, the students mainly are great and so, with one or two exceptions, are the academic staff we have to deal with. And there’s a good feeling among the staff, especially among us lowly, put at the foot of the page in the corner aides.
参考译文:
我在一所大学的图书馆工作。作为一名图书馆的助手，我的地位不是那么高，甚至在工作表上我的名字都在最下面的角落里。
但是我喜欢我的工作，我觉得这工作使我比许多人都幸运。我能见到各种各样有趣的人。事实上在我遇到的人中，有些来自我听都没听说过的地方。
但是有时候也会很无聊，令人无计可施、麻木的无聊。夏天是最难过的。你可以想象得到大学的图书馆在夏天毫无生气。你也许会觉得这是件好事，尤其是在不停的工作的时候。但是你错了。除非你曾在某些地方工作，在那里你有时完全无事可做只能深切感受时光的流逝，并且昏昏欲睡;在这样的环境下，你的身体会变得迟钝，一想到又要花一个小时去摆书架或者站在书桌前等待读者出现你就会感到恐惧，这些都不是你喜欢的。但是这种情况只会持续两、三个月，突然学生们都回来了，新的学年又开始了，大家又重新投入到快节奏的生活当中，偶尔也会有不活跃的时候。
对于图书馆的工作有很多错误的观念——我对来此工作之前的一些想法感到很惭愧。多数人在想到这个工作的时候都觉得这是份有些呆板，但是舒服、安静甚至有些迷人的工作。实际上这工作很难，并且繁重，有时还有危险。如果我觉得我说危险是在开玩笑的话，那么挂在书架上的那么有弹性的金属书挡从书架上掉下来砸到你的脸上会怎样?这种事差点发生在我身上可不止一次了;又或者是五、六磅重的书砸在你的头上或者脚上呢?这些在我身上都发生过。还有多次的擦伤，被纸割伤——更不要说灰尘。
我还是强调我喜欢这份工作。不死气沉沉的时候就是紧张忙碌的，时间过得飞快，你会很有成就感。这是个工作的好地方，除了个别学生不好对付之外，大部分的学生都很好，而且我们接触的教师也都是搞学术的。和同事之间的相处感觉也很好，尤其是我们这些名字都排在工作表角落里。
2019 年全国英语等级考试 pets3三级常见语法解析(4) 虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由 if 虚拟条件从句和主句构成。 一、虚拟语气的基本内容 根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的 if 虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式： 假设类型If 虚拟条件从句 主句与现在事实相反Did/were Would/should do与过去事实相反 Had done Would/should have done与将来事实可能相反Were to do/did/should do Would/should do 例： 1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter. 2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost 3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn ’t be able to see her friends very often. 4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him. 5、Do you think there would be less conflict ( 战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language. 6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. 二、 if 的省略形式( 又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
2019年公共英语三级考试题及答案：写作 Directions： Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use you own words. Beijing has extended its ban on operating outdoor barbecues from the city center outward to selected suburbs, according to municipal authorities. A year ago, Beijing banned restaurants from operating outdoor barbecues within the fourth ring road area. And now, the ban has extended to several suburbs, including Mentougou, Fangs- han, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Daxing, Pinggu and Miyun. The barbecue ban was announced to reduce Beijing' s air pollution, as barbecue has long been accused as one of the major contributors to haze. According to Wang Yuesi, a researcher from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Chinese Academy of Sciences, barbecuing can generate a lot of PM 2.5, harmful airborne particles measur- ing less than 2.5 microns in diameter. "Considering the seriousness of the air pollution in Beijing, we have to ban everything that may do harm to our environment!" Wang said. The issue has divided Chinese netizens, as half agreed with the policy while the other half called this grand plan nothing but "empty talk. "
Part B Directions: Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the importance of doing exercise. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person to one qf the statements (A to G)given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Patricia: I went by Inter-Rail this summer with a group of friends from university. I think it worked very well, although a few of them said they'd never do it again—I guess it wasn r t quite like they thought it was going to be~not as comfortable probably. We usually slept in hostels or on the train so we were completely exhausted but 1 think we had a great time. Next year V 11 see if 1 can perhaps visit fewer places and not get so worn out. Davis: I traveled about 6,000 kilometres in four weeks with a couple of friends from college. We spent weeks planning out the route and all the places we were intending to go to. Would I do it again? Well, f d have to think carefully about that but, on the whole the trip was good for me as I was the official translator, which was great as V m normally a bit shy of talking to people 1 don't know. On the last night of the holiday they treated me to a really expensive meal for helping them out. It was terrific! Jenise: Well, I guess I had a good time now when I look back on it, and I saw eight countries in four weeks. Everything went well but I think that from now on 1' 11 probably choose to do something else. I want to meet local people rather than just people who work for the train service ! I did get to know quite a few other English and American students and they were great but it didn* t do much for my French and Gennan. Nigel: I think it's definitely the best way of getting around Europe even though you have to spend money on the Inter-Rail ticket before you leave. I have a friend who hitch-hikes and he says that's the only way to travel because it's free and you see more interesting places. But I knew I could jump on a train wherever I wanted in the morning, while he would still be standing in the rain hoping for a lift. So all in all I think I got the better deal, especially as 1 could take the night train and save on hotel bills. Hawk: F vc done it quite a few times now and V m used to the kind of problems that arisc—likc having to sleep in a park because the train arrived too late for me to get a hotel bed, and trying to keep to a tight budget. The mistake people often make is to just get off at the tourist spots. Try getting off the train at the little villages, like I do. They1 re usually fascinating and the people are friendlier, too. Even if they don't understand your miserable attempt at their language they still smile and nod.
全国英语等级考试三级写作 邀请信 提出邀请： 我们要……，你能来吗？ We’re having a… can you come？ We’ll…，will you join us？ 我希望你能参加……。好吗？I would like you to come to … 我们准备……，非常希望你能来。 We’re planning…，will you give us the pleasure of your company？ 我们希望你尽可能来参加 We’d love to have you here if you can possibly make it. 你愿意来……吗？How would you like to come to…？ 你来得了吗？Can you be present？／Will you come？ 我们都盼望你来。We hope you can come. / We’re eager to have you here．/ We should like to have you join us． 愿意来……吗？Would you care to come for…？ 敬请光临request the pleasure of the company of sb．
request the honour of sb．’s presence cordially invite the pleasure of sb…． 为欢迎??to meet sb．／in honor of sb 为纪念…诞辰 to commemorate the… birthday of sb．／In honour of．．／ 为庆祝…金婚 to celebrate the gold wedding of… 某人届时将出席 sb．will be present 请答复 R．S．V．P．[reply, if you please] ／Please reply／ Kindly send reply to sb．／Please respond to sb．／ The favor of a reply is requested ／ 活动内容： 朋友周末小聚 have some friends for the weekend 一起喝茶 come for tea with us 打桥牌 play bridge 跳舞 have dancing /there will be dancing 有两张……票 have two tickets for… 各类聚会：a small，informal party／a birthday party for sb．／a garden party／masquerade／holiday party 与某人共进晚餐 join sb．for dinner／ have dinner with sb．／dine with sb
2019年下半年公共英语三级试题一及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfill. You should read the reading materials carefully and do the tasks as you are instructed. Task 1 Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Google, the Internet search-engine(收索引擎的) company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives. Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify where infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help smal l and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth. https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars. The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/1011787189.html, about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future. 36. The purpos e of Google’s investments is to ________. A) help poor people B) develop new technology
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
全国英语等级考试PETS考试流程 （一）关于考试指导语和题目用语 为了让考生发挥应有的水平，在PETS一、二级的笔试中听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作的指导语都是中文的。此外，为避免考生直接挪用试题中的语言，写作和口试试题也有可能是中文的，但口试中口试教师的口头说明仍使用英文。在PETS三、四、五级的考试中，笔、口试的指导语都将使用英文。在三、四级写作题中所提供的引导性材料可能会涉及到少量的中文。 （二）关于答题卡和登分卡的使用 PETS各级别的考试都有其特别设计的答题卡和登分卡。笔试中，使用的是用于光电阅读器（OMR）评分的客观题答题卡和用于人工阅卷的主观题答题（阅读器登分）卡。四、五级的客观题答题卡在机器阅读前，有部分题目也需要人工评阅。 口试使用的是口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束时口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 *包括翻译题（阅读理解部分B节）的作答和评分。 （三）关于答题时间PETS各级别的答题时间分配如下表所示：
单位：分钟一级二级三级四级五级 听力20 20 25 30 35 英语知识运用20 25 15 15 20 阅读理解30 35 40 60 50 写作20 40 40 35 35 笔试（共）90 120 120 140 140 口试（共）8 10 10 12 15 （四）关于笔试试卷的采分点（原始赋分） PETS每一级别各部分的采分点（原始赋分）如下表所示。除特殊情况外，原则上每题一分，括号内的数字表示各部分的题量。 一级二级三级四级 五级 听力25（25）20（20）25(25) 25（20）30（30） 英语知识运用25（25）35（35）20(20) 20（20）20（20） 阅读理解20（20）20（20）35*(20) 35**(25) 35***（30） 写作13(3+1) 35(10+1) 30(1+1) 20（1）25（1） 笔试（合计）83 110 110 100 110
全国英语等级考试（PEST）三级笔试模拟试题及详解（二） SECTION I Listening（略） SECTION II Reading Part A Directions: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Text 1 Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them. Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population. Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside, with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it. People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport, they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers, and follow strict codes of behavior. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are wealthy.
1 1 a (an ) art. (非特指的)一(个)；任何一个；每一(个) AD . n.公元 A .M . adv.上午，午前 abandon v.放弃；抛弃，离弃 abdomen n.腹；腹部 abide v.(by)坚持；遵守；容忍 ability n.能力，智能；才能，才干；技能 able adj.能够，有能力的 abolish v.废除，取消 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处 adv.大约 above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于… abroad adv.出国，在国外 abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；陡峭的，险峻的；(举止，言谈等) 不流畅的 absence n.缺席，不在场；缺乏 absent adj.(from) 缺席的，不在场的；漫不经心的 absolute adj.绝对的；完全的；专制的 absorb v.吸收；吸引，使专心 abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 n.摘要；抽象 v.摘要；转移 absurd adj.愚蠢的；荒唐的 abundant adj.丰富的；充足的 abuse v.& n.滥用；谩骂 academic adj.学院的；学术的，教学的 accelerate v.加速；促进 accent n.腔调，口音；重音(符号) accept v.认可，接受 access n.接近，进入；入口，通路；接近(或进入) 的方法 accident n.事故 accidental adj.偶然的，意外的 accommodate v.留宿，收容；供应，供给；容纳 accommodations n.住宿 accompany v.陪伴，陪同 accomplish v.完成，实现 according to prep.根据 account n.账户 accumulate v.积累，积蓄；堆积 accurate adj.精确的，准确的 accuse v.(of) 控告，谴责 accustom v.(to) 使习惯 ache v.痛；哀怜 n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 acid n.酸 adj.酸的；酸性的 acquaint v.使认识，使了解 acquaintance n.熟人；相识；熟悉 acquire v.取得，获得；学到 acre n.英亩 acrobat n.杂技演员 across prep.穿过；在另一边，在对面 adv.横越 act v.行动；做 action n.行动，行为；动作，活动；(on) 作用 active adj. 活动的，活泼的，活跃的；主动的，积极的；敏捷的；剧烈的 activity n.活动 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actual adj.实际的，事实上的；真实的 ad (=advertisement )n.广告 adapt v.(to)(使) 适合；改编，改写 add v.加 addition n.加，加法；附加物 additional adj.附加的，另外的 address n.地址 adequate adj.足够的，充分的；符合要求的 adhere v.(to) 粘附；坚持，遵循 adjective n.形容词 adj.形容词的 adjust v.调节，校正；(to)(使)适应 administration n.管理，经营；行政(机关，部门);政府 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admit v.承认 adopt v.采用，采纳；收养 adult n.成(年)人；成体 adj.成年人的；已成熟的 advance v.前进；取得进展 advanced adj.高级的，先进的 advantage n.优点，优势 adventure v.大胆进行，拿…冒风险 n.冒险活动，冒险；奇遇 advertise v.做广告 advice n.忠告；建议 advise v.劝告，建议 adviser n.(政府，公司等的) 顾问 affair n.事，事情，事件 affect v.影响，传染；感动 affection n.爱，慈爱 affirm v.断言；(法庭上) 陈述 affirmative adj.肯定的 n.(指言语) 表示同意的词语 afford v.买得起，担负得起 afraid adj.恐怕的；担心的；害怕的 Africa n.非洲 African adj.非洲的 n.非洲人 after prep.在…以后 conj.在…以后 adv.以后 afternoon n.下午 afterward adv.(-s )后来，以后 again adv.又，再 against prep.反对；与之成对手，对着；防止；碰 age n.年龄 agency n.经办；媒介；代理处 agent n.代理人，代表 ago adv.以前 agony n.苦恼；极大痛苦 agree v.同意 agreement n.协议，协定；一致，同意 agricultural adj. 农业的 agriculture n.农业，农学 ahead adv.在前；向前 aid v./n.辅助，援助，救助 aim v.把…瞄准，把…对准 air n.空气；天空 aircraft n.飞机，航空器 airline n.航线；航空公司 airmail n.空邮 airplane n.飞机 airport n.机场 alarm n.警报；惊恐 v.使惊恐，惊动，惊吓；向…报警 alcohol n.酒精，乙醇 alert adj.警惕的；机灵的 n.警报；警戒状态；警戒期间 v.使警觉 alike adj.相同的；相像的 adv.相同地，一样地 alive adj.活着的；存在的；有活力的，活跃的
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（一） Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction Dialogues /monologues: 1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。 此句意思应该是：你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 2、He really knows how to bring a person out. "bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。 整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 PS：to bring sb. out 意思为：to make someone feel more confident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 3、he looks like his fun to be with. 整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。 句子解析 4、since we're going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。 这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新
学校及时开学. 5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? arts staff 怎么翻译? ==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: (the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 6、There are a number of other positions to consider. "A number of" 换成"a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? ==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 a number of代替而不能用a great many. 修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 将"letting me"换成"let me" 行不行，为什么? ==>不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词),这里的letting是let的 动名词形式。 8、I’m afraid I certainly do mind, if it’s all the same to you.
公共英语三级考试模拟题及答案（1） SectionⅠListening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand. Now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test is started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer—A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Example:
全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级考试大纲全国公共英语(pets)三级考试大纲概述 PETS 第三级考试由笔试试卷和口试试卷组成。笔试试卷(120分钟)分四部分：听力、英语知识使用、阅读理解和写作。口试试卷(10 分钟)分三节考查考生的口语交际水平。笔试试卷和口试试卷都使用 英文指导语。 (一)听力 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的水平。 A节(10题)：考查考生理解事实性信息的水平。要求考生根据所 听到的10段简短对话(总长约400词，总持续时间约3’30")，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。每题有15秒答题时间 (5秒用作听前 读题，10秒用作听后答题)。 B节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的水平。要求考生根 据所听到的4段对话或独白(每段平均约200词，持续1’40"-2’10"，总长约 800词，持续8’30") ，从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项。每题有20 秒答题时间(5秒用作听前读题，10秒用作听后答题。每篇 对话或独白的听前读题和听后答题时间，都按题数累计给出)。每段录 音材料只播放一遍。问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。 听力考试实行时，考生将答案标在试卷上;听力部分结束后，考生 有三分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡1上。该部分所需时间 约为25分钟(含转涂时间)。 (二)英语知识使用 该部分考查考生对语法结构、词汇知识和表达方式的掌握情况。 共20小题。在一篇200-250词的短文中留出20个空白，要求考 生从每题所给的4个选择项中选出选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、
前后连贯、结构完整。其中有13-15道题考查词汇和表达方式，5-7道题考查语法结构。 该部分所需时间约为15分钟。考生在答题卡1上作答。 (三)阅读理解 测试考生理解书面英语的水平。 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的水平。 A节(15题)：考查考生理解总体和特定信息的水平。要求考生根 据所提供的3篇文章的内容(平均长度为350词左右)从每题所给的4 个选择项中选出选项。 B节(5题)：考查考生理解文章(约长350词)的主旨要义的水平。考生须从七个选项中排除两个干扰项，将准确的概述与五段文字逐一 搭配成对。该部分所需时间约为40分钟。考生在答题卡1上作答。 (四)写作 该部分由A 、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达水平。 A节：考生根据所给情景(英/中文)写出约100词(不计算标点符号)的简单信件、便笺等。 B节：考生根据所给情景，写出一篇很多于120词(不计算标点符号)的文章。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、文字等。 该部分所需时间约为40分钟。考生在答题卡2上作答。 (五)口试 口试分A、B、C三节，测试考生用英语实行口头交际的水平。 每次口试采取两名口试教师和两名考生的形式。一名口试教师不 参与交谈，专事评分;另一名主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分。专事