∙The diagram below shows how a water tower works.
∙Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
∙ A water tower consists of a large tank (D), which contains water and which is raised high enough above ground to provide the necessary level of water pressure for a community. The tank is connected to the water system's primary feeder pipes (C) by a vertical pipe. Drinking water for a town is first treated in a water treatment plant (A) to remove sediment and bacteria. A pump (B) then sends it via the primary feeder pipes to the customers (E). If the community demands more water than the pump can supply, the water flows out of the tank to meet the need.
∙The diagram below shows how a thermos flask works.
∙Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
∙The thermos flask is used to keep the liquids and remain the temperature. Its most common use is to keep hot drinks, for example coffee, hot but you can also use it to keep things like milk cold.
∙ A thermos flask is a cylinder-shaped object between 30 and 40 cm high. The inside of the thermos flask is a flask made of glass. There is
nearly no air inside this glass, so it is a very poor conductor. In addition, the glass is silvered, which reduces infrared radiation. This vacuum flask is surrounded by another cylinder made of metal or plastic, which protects the fragile glass inside.
∙The top is a plug or cap, usually made of cork or plastic, which is covered by a plastic cup. This is taken off and used to drink the liquid from. Some heat escapes from the cap but the special design of the thermos flask means that liquid maintains its temperature for several hours.
三
∙The diagrams below show some principles of house design for cool and for warm climate.
∙Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
∙The diagrams illustrate how climate influences the design of houses. It can be noticed that the roof, windows and building materials of houses in cool and warm climates are considerably different.
∙In cool climates, special attention is given to the use of building materials that can store heat, and insulation is used on the outside of the house to avoid heat loss. Careful positioning of the building and large windows facing winter sunlight also assist to passively heat the house.
The roof has an extreme angle to assist the snow to run off and roof overhang does not interfere with sunlight.
∙Houses in warm climates require the opposite approach.
Insulation and reflective roof material aim to keep heat from the sun out.
Windows are placed under a wider roof overhang so that they are shaded from direct light in the day and so that cooler night air can move through the house when the windows are open.
四
∙The diagram below shows how river speed affects the pollution in the river.
∙Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
∙The diagram shows the ways in which the pollution in the river is affected by river speed.
∙In the upper stream of the river where water moves fast, pollutants from both industry and farming tend to float and are carried downstream by the rushing river water. Because of the fast speed at which these pollutants travel in the river, they cannot reach the bottom and therefore become part of the silt on the river bed.
∙At the mouth of the river, however, due to the low speed at which they travel, pollutants from industry and farming are forced to descend and deposit in the mud at the river bottom. Pollutants from industry are obviously heavier and therefore can be found at the far side from the sea, while agricultural pollutants are lighter and are carried further to the part of the river mouth where they are absorbed by sea grasses and become part of the food or nutrients for those plants.
五
∙The diagrams below show how humans and plats interact to produce oxygen and carbon dioxide.
∙Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
∙This diagram illustrates the process which occurs when plants and human beings create oxygen and carbon dioxide.
∙Plants make oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. To do this, plants need certain elements. Firstly they take in water through their roots from the earth below. Secondly they take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air around them. Apart from these, they also need to absorb sunlight from the sun above. With water, carbon dioxide and air, plants are able to produce oxygen through photosynthesis.
∙Humans and animals perform an opposite process. Humans and animals take oxygen into their lungs through breathing. When humans and animals exhale, they breathe out carbon dioxide.
∙In conclusion, plants, humans and animals provide services for each other. Humans and animals need the oxygen that plants produce in order to stay alive. When humans and animals breathe out, they provide the carbon dioxide that plants need in order to survive.
六
∙The diagram below shows how to obtain water outdoors.
∙Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
∙The picture shows a simple approach to get water outdoors.
∙The materials needed for this set are all easy to get. Firstly, prepare two glasses, one of which is much larger than the other. Secondly, find some green plants as the resource of water. Thirdly, set the green plants and put the small glass into the larger glass, then cover the opening of the larger glass with « big plane. After that, place a piece of plastic film over the Plane and Put some stones on top of the film to fix it. Finally, put the whole set in the sun. After a while, vapor produced by the green plants reaches the plastic film and changes to drops. The water drops finally fill in the smaller glass.
∙When we are short of water in the forest or field, this simple set may be the easiest way for us to get rid of thirst
七
∙The two diagrams below show the construction structures of the Mont Blanc Road Tunnel and the Aomori Hakodate Tunnel.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
∙The two pictures show the construction structures of two tunnels.
They are different in many aspects.
∙The Mont Blanc Road Tunnel was built for closer connection between Italy and France. It goes through the mountain which is about
1.2 km high. The tunnel is a straight tube with a total length of 11.6 km.
And people spent almost 9 years to complete this construction.
∙By contrast, the Aomori Hakodate Tunnel in Japan was a domestic one. It was built to connect the cities of Hokkaido and Honshu. Instead of
a mountain, this tunnel was built beneath water area, which is 18.52 km
in width and 132 metres in depth. Moreover, the construction is a combination of three straight tubes with a total length of 53.85 km to fit the shape of the water- Reaching the depth of 240 metres from the water surface, the bottom of the tunnel is even deeper than the water to avoid the very hard stone layer 0f quartzite around. This construction takes workers nearly 25 years to complete it.
八
∙The picture below shows how a hot balloon works. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
∙The picture illustrates the working principle of a hot balloon.
∙ A hot balloon is mainly composed of a large envelope, a basket and burners. The envelope is actually a fabric balloon filled with air. It's made of gores and panels as its body, with a parachute valve on its top and a skirt at its bottom. The basket, where the passengers and pilots stand and the propane cylinder is set, is connected to the envelope by several ropes.
∙The hot balloon is able to rise into the air based on a simple principle that the warm air in the balloon is lighter than the cooler air around it so that the hot balloon flies. To keep the balloon in flight, the air in the balloon must be continually heated with the burners. And the burners just mix propane with air to produce flame to fill hot air into the envelope. Besides, the parachute valve is actually a self-sealing flap that allows hot air to escape at a controlled rate in order to ascend or descend the balloon, or deflate the balloon to land.
九
雅思写作小作文线形图表题(附范文)
雅思写作– LINE GRAPH WRITING TASK 1 (Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 7) You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. This graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.
范文 The graph illustrates changes in the amount of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004. In 1979, beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams). However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable. The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week. Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period. (173 words)
一 ?The diagram below shows how a water tower works. ?Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. ? A water tower consists of a large tank (D), which contains water and which is raised high enough above ground to provide the necessary level of water pressure for a community. The tank is connected to the water system's primary feeder pipes (C) by a vertical pipe. Drinking water for a town is first treated in a water treatment plant (A) to remove sediment and bacteria. A pump (B) then sends it via the primary feeder pipes to the customers (E). If the community demands more water than the pump can supply, the water flows out of the tank to meet the need. 二 ?The diagram below shows how a thermos flask works. ?Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
线图 C5T1 原题 The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040. In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time. In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries. 分析：
条图 C3T2 原题 The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in for European countries. Write a report for a university lecture describing the information shown below. The chart shows that Britain, among the four European countries listed, has spent most heavily on the range of consumer goods included. In every case, British spending is considerably higher than that of other countries; only in the case of tennis racquets does another country, Italy, come close. In contrast, Germany is generally the lowest spender. This is most evident in photographic film, where Germany spends much less than Britain. Germany only spends more than another country, France, in two cases: tennis racquets and perfumes.
1.企业垃圾 (线性图) 题目:The graph below shows the amounts of waste produced by three companies over a period of 15 years. years 2000 and 2015. It is clear that there were significant changes in the amounts of waste produced by all three companies shown on the graph. While companies A and B saw waste output fall over the 15-year period, the amount of waste produced by company C increased considerably. In2000, company A produced12 tonnes of waste, whilecompanies B andC producedaround8
tonnes and 4 tonnes of waste material respectively. Over the following 5 years, the waste output of companies B and C rose by around 2 tonnes, but the figure for company A fell by approximately 1
tonne. From 2005 to 2015, company A cut waste production by roughly 3 tonnes, and company B reduced its waste by around 7 tonnes. By contrast, company C saw anincrease inwaste production of approximately 4 tonnes over the same 10- year period. By 2015, company C’swaste output had risento10tonnes, while the respective amounts of waste fromcompanies A andB haddroppedto 8 tonnes and only 3 tonnes.(192 words, band 9) 这条线图对三家公司的废物产出从 2000 年到 2015 年进行了比较。 很明显，图表上显示的这三家公司生产的垃圾量发生了重大变化。虽然 A 公司和 B 公司在 15 年的时间里看到了废物的产量下降，但 C 公司生产的废物量却大幅增加。 2000 年，A 公司生产了 12 吨废物，而 B 公司和 C 公司分别生产了大约 8 吨和 4 吨废料。在接下来的 5 年里，公司 B 和 C 的废料产量增加了大约 2 吨，但是公司 A 的产量下降了大约 1 吨。 从 2005 年到 2015 年，公司将废物产量减少了大约 3 吨，公司 B 减少了大约 7 吨的垃圾。相比之下， C 公司在同样的 10 年时间里，废物产量增加了大约 4 吨。到 2015 年， C 公司的废物产量已升至 10 吨，而 A 和 B 公司的垃圾量已降至 8 吨，仅为 3 吨。 2.游客分析 (饼图) 题目:The chart below shows the results of a survey of people who visited four types of tourist attraction in Britain in the year 1999.
声明：本讲义为GARY 呕心制作， GARY 享有独家版权，禁止转发、出 售本讲义或将其用于其他商业用途！ Task1 图表作文写作技巧(一) 一、认识图表作文 20 分钟 150 单词，占写作考试总分值的三分之一，描述一个或几个图表。 线性图(line graph/chart )；柱状图(bargraph/chart )；饼状图(pie graph/chart )；表格( table )；流程图(process diagram ) Table: Fig. 1 Pie chart and line graph: sales and share prices for Coca-Cola Fig.2 Preferred leisure activities of Australian children Fig. 3 Underground Railways Systems in Six Cities
二、图表作文审题要素 1. 描述对象 整个图表的数据都是针对描述对象的。图表的上方标题一般会指示描述对象。弄清描述对象非常重要，因为在行文时，需要频繁地用到它。 如：sales of Coca Cola,share price of Coca Cola,the preferred leisure activities of Australian kids aged 5-14, wages growth rate。 2. 描述单位 对于有 X 轴(horizontal axis)和 Y 轴(vertical axis)的图表，描述单位一般在 Y 轴以符号的形式标明。 弄清描述单位对于数据的准确描述非常关键，把握不准的话就容易被当做跑题。一般要弄清数字 ( number )和百分比( percentage; proportion )的区别。另外，记住几个常用的单位缩写符号：$:dollar bn:billion m: million 或 metre km: kilometre %: percentage / proportion 区别： per cent ,000s: thousand 比如，第一页的描述单位： bottle / percentage (pie chart), dollar (line chart), percentage (bar chart) 三、图表作文标准结构 Part 1 开头段，介绍写作目的，需包含四个要素： 图表类型 主要描述动词 describe,show,present,depict,indicate,represent compare / make a comparison between … 描述对象 背景信息(地点 + 时间) 例如： The line graph gives some detailed information about the wages growth rate of some country over a decade from 1993 to 2003. The pie charts below show the percentage of men and women who smoked in Australia during a 40-year period, between 1960 and 2000. Part 2 主体段：1 + N 结构 1: 一句话概括总趋势或总特征( general trend or feature ) 套句：… have shown striking changes/differences. N: N 段 ( N≥1 )细节描述( striking trends or features ) Part 3 结尾段 结尾段给出结论。结尾段是可选的，如果时间紧张或前面几段字数已够的话可以省去不写。甚至 总趋势或总特征描述段也可以不写。
雅思写作pie chart 例题及范文 智课网IELTS备考资料 雅思写作pie chart 例题及范文 雅思写作pie chart是雅思写作 Task 1 里常考的题型之一，其写作非常值得我们深入研究。现北京小马过河雅思的老师提供一个雅思写作pie chart 例题及范文，期望对大家的饼图写作带去一些启发和帮助。 不过，首先希望考生可以先思考以下问题： 概述两图描述了什么(需要对象和时间)? 两图中哪两种消费方式占的比例比较大?各自又有什么变化(数据说明)? 两图中还有哪些消费方式发生了变化?变化特征大吗?具体有什么变化(数据说明)? 两图中哪些消费方式相对变化不大?对应数据是什么? “占”多少百分比如何丰富表达?必要的时候，一些特殊的百分比用什么适当的英文单词来表达? 写作题目： WRITING TASK 1： You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The charts below show US spending patterns from 1966 to 1996.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words. 雅思写作pie chart 雅思写作pie chart 雅思写作pie chart 范文 The piecharts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996. Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of household spending. Food accounted for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996. Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on computers increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%. Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years. In conclusion, increased amounts spent on cars, computers, and eating out weremade up for by drops in expenditure on food and books. 今天的内容就为大家介绍到这里了，希望大家能好好的掌握此类内容，并且灵活的应用。 编辑推荐： 雅思A类小作文范文 如何让自己的雅思写作脱颖而出 雅思写作范文协作 相关字搜索：雅思写作材料
雅思写作8分图表范文 雅思写作8分图表范文 The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. 柱状图显示的是1970-1990二十年间英国人每周在快餐上花费了多少钱;曲线图展示的是这二十年间快餐消费的`趋势。 The bar chart shows how much money was spent on fast foods per week in the UK over a span of 20 years from 1970 to 1990 while the graph reveals the trend of fast food consumption over the same period of time. 从柱状图看，各收入阶层在汉堡和鱼煎薯条这两种快餐上的支出相对高于在皮萨上的消费;曲线图反映出汉堡与皮萨的消费呈现上升趋势，鱼煎薯条则呈现出波动趋势。 As we can see from the chart, the weekly expenses of people of different income levels on hamburgers and fish and chips were relatively higher than that on pizza. The graph indicates that while hamburger and pizza consumption both revealed a general trend of increase, fish and chips showed a trend of fluctuation. 首先，高收入阶层和中等收入阶层每周在汉堡上的平均消费分别是每人42便士和33便士，比低收入阶层的14便士搞出了很多。在鱼煎薯条方面，高收入阶层的支出略低，是17便士，但中等及低收入阶层的支出都分别达到了25便士和18便士，相对于在皮萨方面支出的12便士和8便士高出了很多。值得一提的是高收入阶层在皮萨上的消费高于鱼煎薯条2便士，为20便士。
雅思图表小作文混合图范文 雅思图表小作文混合图范文分享独居人口比例 关于混合图题型(柱状图+饼状图)：The bar chart below shows the proportions of English men and women of different ages who were living alone in 2011. The pie chart compares the numbers of bedrooms in these one-person households(在英国2011年，不同年龄段独居人口的男女比例，以及独居家庭的房间数统计)。 雅思图表小作文混合图9分范文： The two charts give information about single-occupant households in England in the year 2011. The bar chart compares figures for occupants' age and gender, and the pie chart shows data about the number of bedrooms in these homes. Overall, females made up a higher proportion of people living alone than males, and this difference is particularly noticeable in the older age categories. We can also see that the most common number of bedrooms in a single-occupant home was two. A significant majority of the people aged 65 or over who were living alone in England in 2011 were female. Women made up around 72% of single occupants aged 75 to 84, and 76% of those aged 85 or over. By contrast, among younger adults the figures for males were higher. For example, in the 35-49 age category, men accounted for nearly 65% of people living alone. In the same year, 35.4% of one-person households in England had two bedrooms, while one-bedroom and three-bedroom homes accounted for 28% and 29.8% of the total. Under 7% of single-occupant homes had four or more bedrooms.(189 words, band 9) 附雅思小作文simon考官推荐套路
1.柱状图： 柱状图本质上就是前三种图的柱状形式，下面我们通过一个图来进行掩饰。这张图看起来像三张饼图，等于四根曲线图，可以使用总分句，还等于一个3×4的表格题。我们在写的时候可以使用一些表格题的写作方法，比如：This was the similarcase with the trend of foot.其实我们讲，考试中虽然有4种图，但题型本质上就分动态图和静态图，动态图最好使用曲线图的整体写作模式，就是All trends加天龙八部的微观和宏观结合，静态图则是静态表格的写作模式，通常用纯比较的写作模式。所以我们在写作中要记住，语言不用新学了，完全借鉴前三种中的句型。
柱状图特殊的要求 一，对类比和反比非常重视，因为它主要是向前三种图借鉴，也就是它不再强调每一种题型的要求，它不必强调趋势或者数字，它对每个图的当中共性和差异的开发是比较重视，所以柱状图中的文字性的部分可以多一些。 二，柱状图对语法的要去很高，很多柱状图属于静态图，这样写作的时候要求主语和句型的多样性。三，它要求我们掌握一个概念，即隐藏特征的概念，它是柱状图特有的，后来引入到其他图，所谓隐藏特征即隐藏在数据背后的客观性事实，首先它是不明显的，要看你个人的分析能力，第二它是客观性事实，千万不要夹杂个人观点，如果在雅思中发表个人观点，一定5分以下。另外隐藏特征要在结尾段写，它有自己的默认格式：What is worth mentioning is that since…, it indicates the fact that…，这个应该算高分的最后一击。 雅思Task1的高分关键在于： 一，变化多端的wording，句式和体系，这就说明了你词汇的词汇的使用能力，包括句型的变化，这个用的好的话，5分是一定的； 二，清晰宏观的分类，all trends的总分句； 三，7.5分以上需要有力得体的隐藏特征，这是一个加分，找不到不扣分，找到有0.5分的加分。 找隐藏特征方法 1，通过百分比去找，大于100%，说明有多选：Some people choose several reasons for…，小于100%，有没有列出的原因或因素：There exist some other factors/reasons unlisted/unmentioned. 2，抓住反义词，出现一组或几组反义词，通过对比可以找出abnormal statistics； 3，debut statistics，凡是有空着的数据就可以用这个写：not make its debut until（year），只要出现在柱状图和表格题中，饼图和曲线图基本没有； 4，既定趋势及特征，雅思中有一些图很明显地对未来是大势所趋的，比如我们讲能源构成饼图中（见下图），核能一直在不断的增长，核能是清洁的新型能源的代表，越来越受到重视，二传统能源已经趋势饱和，这个趋势我们可以这样表达： 所以说隐藏特征是很高端的动作，大家可以的话多找一些图来联系，积累些经验，对以后的考试会有好处的。