英语短文-名人家书-约翰济慈致弟弟(汤姆)

对浪漫主义的超越：约翰·济慈的美学历程【内容提要】本文着重评述了济慈书信中体现的美学思考。

这种思考贯穿着“美”与“真”的深刻矛盾，存在着一个主要倾向从“以美为真”到“以真为美”的转变过程，并包含了关于主体人格发展进程、关于“不如人意的因素”的处理，关于艺术家性格和关于审美心理特征等思想。

济慈的美学追求是对浪漫主义内在矛盾的探索，具有值得重视的文学史和文化史意义。

约翰·济慈，浪漫主义，美学“美即是真，真即是美。

”这就是你在世上所知道和需要知道的一切。

──约翰·济慈《希腊古瓮颂》(1819)1817年底，挤慈在写给弟弟们的一封信里提出了一段关于艺术的名言：“任何艺术的高超之处在于其强烈性，能使一切不如人意的因素因它们与美和真的紧密联系而消散。

”(1817.12.21～27)这段话由于意义的高度浓缩而不免显得含混，它有两点值得我们注意：1、艺术应能解决如何处理“不如人意的因素”这一难题，即艺术家如何接受引起他痛感的事物。

2、此刻最令我们感兴趣的是，济慈认为艺术应是真和美的结合，他把”美”和“真”两个词相提并论，但其中的关系却未得到阐明。

不过在此之前，济慈已有过关于这一关系的最早议论。

初看起来，这个议论是极具浪漫主义性质的：别的我不能肯定，只能肯定人心所好的神圣性和想象的真实性。

凡想象力攫住以为美的东西必是真──不管它以前存在过没有──因为我对人们的所有激情和爱情都是这么看的。

它们在其崇高状态中都创造出真正的美。

……想象力可以比作亚当的梦，他醒来发现梦中所见竟是真的。

(1817.11.22致贝莱)这段话是早期济慈与浪漫主义美学结下不解之缘的绝好例证。

济慈强调了浪漫诗人普遍推崇的“激情”与“想象”两大因素，其中尤对想象力最为夸大，华滋华斯、柯勒律治、雪莱等人都有不少推崇想象力的言论，乍一看，他们都不如济慈强调得极端，因为济慈居然把想象的美等同于真了。

但，正是在这里出现了一道隐微然而深刻的裂纹，因为其他浪漫诗人强调想象，本来就是要突出和夸张艺术创作活动中主观性的一面，强调可以脱离开真的制约，而不再去烦心想象是否还有真实与否的问题。

济慈写给芬妮的情书英语原文My dearest lady,我最亲爱的女士：I am now at a very pleasant cottage window我正惬意地临窗而坐looking onto a beautiful hilly country,眺望远山如黛with a view of the sea.碧海连天The morning is very fine.晨光和煦I do not know how elastic my spirit might be,我之所以能调试心情what pleasure I might have in living here享受此间生活if the remembrance of you did not weigh so upon me.全因有你的甜蜜回忆相伴Ask yourself, my love, whether you are not very cruel to have so entrammelled me,你近乎残忍，让我无可自拔So destroyed my freedom.将自由拱手相让For myself, I know not how to express my devotion to so fair a form.曼妙如你，我欲诉衷肠却一时语塞I want a brighter word than bright, a fairer word than fair.再璀璨烂漫的字句都不足以形容I almost wish we were butterflies期冀你我化蝶and lived but three summer days.生命仅有三个夏日Three such days with you I could fill with more delight有你相伴，三日的欢愉than 50 common years could ever contain.也胜过五十载寂寥岁月When you can confess this in a letter在信里向我倾诉you must write immediately即刻动笔and do all you can to console me in it,全力抚慰我make it rich as a draft of poppies满篇的情愫to intoxicate me,想罂粟般迷醉我心write the softest words and kiss them亲吻你最温柔的字句That I may at least touch my lips where yours have been.至少我也能感受你唇间的余温。

约翰济慈致芬尼勃劳恩
约翰·济慈;孙玲玲
【期刊名称】《海外英语（中）》
【年(卷),期】2003(000)002
【摘 要】@@ 我最亲爱的姑娘:rn今天早上我手里拿着一本书在散步,但像往常一
样,心里想的全都是你;我真希望能说得更动听一点.日日夜夜我在忍受折磨.他们在谈
论我去意大利的事.若要与你分离那么久,我是肯定康复不了的,然而尽管我这样全心
地爱着你,却无法使自己信任你.我跟你长久分离,与这一事实有关的以往的体验让我
痛苦,这些我很少谈起.

【总页数】1页(P36)
【作 者】约翰·济慈;孙玲玲
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中 文
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济慈诗选(英汉对照英诗经典名家名译) 济慈诗选（英汉对照英诗经典名家名译）一唯觉樽前说短歌The Wineshop众里寻他千百度，Seeking him here, seeking him thereThroughout a hundred lands they roam蓦然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。

Suddenly, turning round I seeHim where the lamplight soft and low二春晓The Morning of Spring春眠不觉晓，Asleep in spring, unawareThe morning dawns so very fair处处闻啼鸟。

Beyond the trees, the birds in gleeCarry their song in melody三寻隐者不遇In Search of Recluses松下问童子，Under the pines I asked a boyWhere I might find the recluses here 童子不知道。

But he was unknown to them, alasAnd could not point me in their track 四将进酒Bring in the Wine君不见，黄河之水天上来，Ah, you should see the waters comeFrom Heaven's flood, the Yellow River 奔流到海不复回。

Never to be returned to whenceIt surged, and rushed to ocean's depths 五静夜思Thoughts in the Silent Night床前明月光，The moonlight glints on my bedA solitary light so bright疑是地上霜。

3Abigail Adams to Her Husband（John Adams）Braintree August19 1774The great distance between us，makes thetime appear very long to me．It seems already amonth since you left me．The great anxiety I feelfor my country，for you and for our family rendersthe day tedious，and the night unpleasant．Therocks and quick sands appear upon every side．What course you can or will take is all wrapt in thebosom of futurity．Uncertainty and expectationleave the mind great scope．Did ever any kingdomor state regain their liberty，when once it wasinvaded without blood shed？I cannot think of itwithout horror．Yet we are told that all the misfortunes of Sparta were occasioned by their too greatsolicitude for present tranquility，and by anexcessive love of peace they neglected the means ofmaking it sure and lasting．They ought to have reflected says Polibius that as there is nothingmore desirable，or advantageous than peace，whenfounded in justice and honour，so there is nothing more shameful and at the same time morepernicious when attained by bad measures，andpurchased at the price of liberty．I have received a most charming letter fromour friend Mrs．Warren．She desires me to tellyou that her best wishes attend you through yourjourney both as a friend and patriot——hopes youwill have no uncommon difficulties to surmount orhostile movements to impede you——but if theLocrians should interrupt you，she hopes you willbeware that no future annals may say you chose anambitious Philip for your leader，who built up amonarchy on the ruins of the happy institution．I have taken a very great fondness for reading Rollin's Ancient History since you left me．I am determined to go thro with it if possible inthese my days of solitude．I find great pleasure andentertainment from it，and I have persuadedJohnny to read me a page or two every day，andhope he will from his desire to oblige me entertaina fondness for it——We have had a charming rainwhich lasted 12 hours and has greatly revived thedying fruits of the earth．I want much to hear from you．I long impatiently to have you upon the stage of action．The first of September or the month of September，perhaps may be of as much importance to Great Britain as the Ides of March were to Caesar．Iwish you every public as well，as private blessing，and that wisdom which is profitable both for instruction and edification to conduct you in thisdifficult day．——The little flock remember Papa，and kindly wish to see him．So does your most affectionate．Abigail Adams。

经典诗歌：济慈《每当我害怕》《每当我害怕》为济慈所作的一首诗歌，也是济慈的第一首莎士比亚型十四行诗，附在1818年1月31日致雷诺兹的心中。

被认为是他以这种诗格创作最成功的作品之一。

When I have fears每当我害怕 by 济慈英语带中文翻译：When I have fears that I may cease to be每当我害怕，生命也许等不及Before my pen has glean'd my teeming brain,我的笔搜集完我蓬勃的思潮，Before high-piled books, in charactery,等不及高高一堆书，在文字里，Hold like rich garners the full ripen'd grain;象丰富的谷仓，把熟谷子收好；When I behold, upon the night's starr'd face,每当我在繁星的夜幕上看见Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,传奇故事的巨大的云雾征象，And think that I may never live to trace而且想，我或许活不到那一天，Their shadows, with the magic hand of chance;以偶然的神笔描出它的幻相；And when I feel, fair creature of an hour,每当我感觉，呵，瞬息的美人！That I shall never look upon thee more,我也许永远都不会再看到你，Never have relish in the faery power不会再陶醉于无忧的爱情Of unreflecting love;--then on the shore和它的魅力！——于是，在这广大的Of the wide world I stand alone, and think 世界的岸沿，我独自站定、沉思，Till love and fame to nothingness do sink. 直到爱情、声名，都没入虚无里。

浙江省普通高中选修课网络课程英汉经典诗歌选读薛洪波郑长青编写前言在英语学习中，莘莘学子有辛苦的付出，更有甜蜜的收获。

为了进一步提高语感，培养跨文化交际能力，我们编写了《英汉经典诗歌选读》。

诗歌是语言文化的精华，是最高艺术水平的体现。

诗歌的寓意美、音韵美和结构美无与伦比。

诵读英汉双语诗歌，欣赏其诸多美妙，深入其文化内核，既拓展学生的英语阅读视野，又启迪心智，陶冶性情。

那么，喜爱会演变为热爱，兴趣会升华为志趣，渐渐形成国际视野和家国情怀，正所谓think globally，act locally。

当然，通过精通英语，我们得以方便地向西方学习。

同时，通过译介汉语诗歌，我们也能发扬光大中华民族文化。

希望英汉经典诗歌的诵读和欣赏能够给当下的英语教与学注入一点活力。

所选诗歌都是意蕴醇厚，音韵俱佳的家喻户晓的英汉诗歌佳作，无不散发着普世的人文关怀，充满着积极向上的正能量。

有的庄重如大贤智者，有的激越如青春少年，有的诙谐如淘气顽童。

总之，这些诗歌精致优美，易于诵读。

按主题分为三类：（1）自然·童年·故乡，（2）青春·梦想·爱情，（3）人生·友谊·哲理。

每类英诗有5首，附汉译（多为名家名译），相关主题的汉诗有1首，附英译（皆为大家许渊冲先生翻译），练习同此模式，共计36首。

书后有附录：（1）英语诗歌欣赏方法，（2）中学英语常用修辞格，（3）英美诗歌简史，（4）中国古典诗歌发展简史。

同学们可以创造性地运用这一教材，深度接触原汁原味的英汉诗歌精华，大声朗读、疯狂背诵、巧妙翻译、积极仿写、独立创作、生动表演、激情演讲，必有所斩获。

这样，同学们不仅能提高语言表达力和交际能力，而且能得到美的享受，慰藉和鼓舞人生。

最后，希望同学们不虚此行。

大海中游玩过后，在海滨采撷贝壳若干，串成项链，带着它登堂入室，进入英语学习更高的殿堂。

编者目录I.自然.童年.故乡 (1)Unit 1 Wind (1)Unit 2 Daisy's Song (5)Unit 3 Spring Song (9)Unit 4 Leisure (14)Unit 5 The Daffodils (18)Unit 6 回乡偶书 (23)II.青春.梦想.爱情 (26)Unit 7 Dreams (26)Unit 8 I’m Nobody (29)Unit 9 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (31)Unit 10 Annabel Lee (36)Unit 11 First love (42)Unit 12 观沧海 (47)III.人生.友谊.哲理 (51)Unit 13 The Arrow and the Song (51)Unit 14 Sonnet 29 (55)Unit 15 Loss and Gain (60)Unit 16 When I Was One-and-Twenty (64)Unit 17 The Winds of Fate (68)Unit 18 题西林壁 (73)I.自然·童年·故乡Unit 1 WindGoalsBy the end of this unit you will be able to:●know the life of Christina Rossetti ;●understand the contents of the poem;●understand the structure of the poem: consisting of two stanzas,each with the rhyme abcb;●know the rhetoric used in the poem: personification;●learn to write an analysis of the poem.Warming upDiscuss in pairs and answer the following questions:1．What do you expect when you see the title Wind?2．What do you want to know if you read a poem?诗人简介克里斯蒂娜·乔治娜·罗赛蒂（1830~1894），英国著名的女诗人。

英国人最爱的英语诗歌：希腊古瓮颂by济慈美是济慈的毕生追求，《希腊古瓮颂》是诗人对美的颂歌。

诗歌通过诗人对古瓮观感以及与古瓮的对话，得出了“美即是真，真即是美”的结论。

济慈的这句名言向来颇有争议，很值得我们思考。

在这首诗中，古瓮之美不仅仅在于“优美”和“美妙”：三幅画面中既有人/神狂欢和少年求爱的美好画面，也有小镇倾城献祭的凄凉街景。

诗中的美是艺术之美。

作为艺术品，这首诗和古瓮是美的，这美源自有悲也有乐的生活，这便是真。

生活的本真是艺术美的源泉，艺术之美则使生活的本真得以永存。

这句话也可看作诗人一生的写照。

济慈出生寒微，在创作过程中不断受到死亡的威胁，但他以短暂的生命创作出大批具有强烈美感的名篇佳作。

他的艺术成就是他在生活之真中追求美的结果，他所创造出来的艺术美则使他的一生不朽于世。

Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂by John Keats 济慈查良铮译Thou still unravished bride of quietness,Thou foster child of silence and slow time,Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressA flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shapeOf deities or mortals, or of both,In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?What men or gods are these? What maidens loath? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子，受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育，呵，田园的史家，你竟能铺叙一个如花的故事，比诗还瑰丽：在你的形体上，岂非缭绕着古老的传说，以绿叶为其边缘；讲着人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？呵，是怎样的人，或神！在舞乐前多热烈的追求！少女怎样地逃躲！怎样的风笛和鼓谣！怎样的狂喜！Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheardAre sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;Not to the sensual ear, but, more endeared,Pipe to the spirit dities of no tone.Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,Though winning near the goal---yet, do not grieve; She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss Forever wilt thou love, and she be fair!听见的乐声虽好，但若听不见却更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的风笛；不是奏给耳朵听，而是更甜，它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲；树下的美少年呵，你无法中断你的歌，那树木也落不了叶子；卤莽的恋人，你永远、永远吻不上，虽然够接近了--但不必心酸；她不会老，虽然你不能如愿以偿，你将永远爱下去，她也永远秀丽！Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu; And, happy melodist, unweari-ed,Forever piping songs forever new;More happy love! more happy, happy love! Forever warm and still to be enjoyed, Forever panting, and forever young;All breathing human passion far above,That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloyed, A burning forehead, and a parching tongue. 呵，幸福的树木！你的枝叶不会剥落，从不曾离开春天；幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇，他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜；呵，更为幸福的、幸福的爱！永远热烈，正等待情人宴飨，永远热情地心跳，永远年轻；幸福的是这一切超凡的情态：它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤，没有炽热的头脑，焦渴的嘴唇。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==济慈简介篇一：济慈简介济慈简介JohnKeats(1795～1821)英国诗人。

1795年10月29日生于伦敦。

他的父亲以经营马车行为业,生活比较富裕。

1804年父亲去世,母亲再嫁，济慈和两个弟弟由外祖母收养。

1810年母亲又病故，外祖母委托两名保护人经管他们弟兄的财产。

1811年，济慈由保护人安排离开学校，充当医生的学徒。

他对医学并不厌弃，但也喜好文学，并在中学的好友查尔斯·克拉克的鼓励之下开始写诗，模仿伊丽莎白时代诗人埃德蒙·斯宾塞。

1815年10月，济慈进入伦敦一家医院学习。

这时他已热爱写诗，深受诗人亨特和华兹华斯的影响。

1816年5月在亨特所编《检察者》杂志发表十四行诗《孤寂》。

1816年7月，通过考试获得内科医生执照，继续学习外科。

同年夏写成十四行诗《初读查普曼译荷马史诗》。

10月间经克拉克介绍,与亨特相识,并与雪莱、哈兹里特、兰姆等人来往。

11月间，济慈决心从事文学创作，通知他的保护人，放弃学医。

1817年，济慈出版第一部诗集，其中大多带有模仿的痕迹,但也有佳作,如上述的读荷马史诗的十四行诗和《蟋蟀与蚱蜢》等，而《睡眠与诗》则表露了济慈的创作思想,即诗应给人们以安慰,并提高他们的思想。

诗集出版后得到好评。

4月，济慈写作长诗《恩底弥翁》,以凡人恩底弥翁和月亮女神的恋爱故事为题材，虽嫌松散，但已显出他对周围世界中的美的境界的敏感和独特的语言表达能力。

与此同时，济慈也形成了许多对哲学和艺术的观点，其中著名的有“天然接受力”的思想。

根据济慈的解释，在一个大诗人身上，对美的感受能压倒或抵消一切其他的考虑，如莎士比亚就突出地具有这种能力。

1817年冬，济慈在伦敦与华兹华斯相见。

虽然他仍然钦佩华兹华斯的诗，却不喜欢他的为人。

和亨特也渐渐疏远。

2020-2021年人教版英语八年级英语下册阅读理解（word）1一、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）1．阅读理解DDear Mum,You think you know a lot of things about me, but you don't. You try to tell me how to dress, but you don't realize that it should be my decision.I don't think that you have any respect （尊重） for me, because you come into my room, touch anything you want, and don't even put things back in their place. Could you please change a little?Sincerely,Your son JohnDear Mum,My life is different from yours because we grew up in different times. I have to go out into the world and experience it myself! But don't worry about me, because I come from a happy family. I'm still your little girl, but I'll be an adult some day. I want to be the best and strongest me. You taught me about it. Thanks Mum!Sincerely,Your daughter HelenDear Mum and Dad,I'm writing you this letter because I need to tell you both something. I want to continue my education at a college in our city. I want to go to school part-time and work part-time.Now I'm 17 years old. I need to make decisions on my own. I need a goal and a plan for my future. You've taught me to be strong and do what I believe in. I want to say thanks for everything you did for me.Love,Your son Mike（1）Why doesn't John think his mother respects him?A. Because she never says “please” to John.B. Because she always asks John to do what she likes.C. Because she never asks John's opinions about anything.D. Because she always touches John's things without putting them back.（2）What may be the problem between Helen and her mother?A. Her mother is too strict with herB. She can't understand her mother.C. Her mother worries too much about her.D. She is too young to look after her mother.（3）Helen wants to say ________ to her mother.A. sorryB. thanksC. goodbyeD. welcome（4）Mike writes to his parents to ________.A. share with them his life in schoolB. tell them how much he loves themC. tell them his ideas about his futureD. tell them about his favourite college（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the last letter?A. Mike will go to college when he is 17 years old.B. Mike wants to go to a college far from his home.C. Mike is thankful for everything his parents did for him.D. Mike hopes to go to school full-time and work part-time【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C（5）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章写了John，Helen和Mike写给父母的信。