3.9 词义猜测
A
2019·广东珠海市第二学期高三二模
The tons of plastic we're dumping in the oceans is finding a new home—the stomachs of our beautiful marine animals. Yet another reminder of this fact washed ashore in Eastern Indonesia this week. A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.
The 9.5-metre sperm whale (抹香鲸) was found by rescuers from the Wakatobi National Park. “The whale had swallowed 5.9 kilograms of plastic waste containing 115 plastic cups, four plastic bottles, 25 plastic bags, and more than 1,000 other kinds of pieces of plastic，”park chief Heri Santoso told the reporter.
“Although we have not been able to deduce the cause of death, the facts that we see are truly awful，”said Dwi Suprapti, a marine species conservation coordinator at WWF Indonesia. She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay (腐烂). But this is only the latest.
Four Asian nations—Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Thailand—account for 50% of the plastic waste in the oceans, according to a report by environmental campaigner Ocean Conservancy and the McKinsey Center for Business and Environment. The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans, according to a study published in the journal Science in January. Of the 3.2 million mismanaged waste it produces every year, 1.29 million ends up in the ocean.
A report released earlier this year stated that the amount of plastic in the ocean is likely to increase.
1．What can we know about the sperm whale?
A．Its stomach is the home of plastic waste.
B．It died of swallowing lots of plastic waste.
C．It was the first whale to eat plastic waste.
D．It had eaten much plastic waste before its death.
2．Which can best replace the underlined word “deduce”in Paragraph 3? A．Confirm. B.Cause.
C．Approve. D.Contain.
3．Which country in Asia dumps the most plastic waste into the oceans? A．Thailand. B.Indonesia.
C．Vietnam. D.Philippines.
4．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Philippines puts away 1.29 million tons of plastic.
B．A sperm whale was found dead near Kapota Island.
C．Much dumped plastic waste was found in a dead whale.
D．We should take measures to reduce the waste in whales.
[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲叙了在一头死去的抹香鲸的胃里，发现了大量的塑料垃圾。
1．D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，这条抹香鲸在死前，吃了很多塑料垃圾，故选D。
2．A 【解析】词义猜测题。由下文“She said it was not possible to determine if the plastic had caused the whale's death because of the animal's advanced state of decay(腐烂)．”可知画线词的意思是“证实”。confirm证实；cause造成；approve赞成；contain包含；故选A。
3．B 【解析】细节理解题。由第四段第二句“The Philippines is second to Indonesia when it comes to putting away plastic waste in the oceans，”可知，印度尼西亚向海洋倾倒的塑料垃圾最多，故选B。
4．C 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段中的“A large amount of waste, including drinking cups and flip-flops, was found in the stomach of a whale that died off the coast near Kapota Island.”是全文的主题句，结合上下文，可知这篇文章主要讲了在一头死去的抹香鲸胃里，发现了大量塑料垃圾，故选C。
B
A public primary school in New York City has stopped giving its students homework.
P．S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that after more than a year of analyzing studies，the school had concluded that students' after-school time would be better spent on activities like reading at their own pace and playing rather than working on homework.
Hsu's letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.Indeed，there are some studies also show that the link between homework and success is doubtful at the primary school level.
An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older.In later grades，students who did homework performed increasingly better than students who did not.In 2006，Cooper published a study that analyzed 15 years' worth of data on the effectiveness of homework.He found that homework had a more positive impact on students as they aged，and identified stronger relations between homework and achievement for students in grades seven through twelve than for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.
A 2012 study from the Indiana University School of Education on 10th graders found little relation between time spent on homework and better course grades，although it did find a positive relation between homework time and standardized test performance.
Some parents of P．S.116 students are not happy with the decision to eliminate homework.
“I think they should have homework—some of it is about discipline.I want (my daughter) to have fun，but I also want her to be working towards a goal，”Daniel Tasman，the father of a second-grader at the school.
“You have to do homework in order to gain；you have to do homework because they may not be able to comprehend everything in school，”Sharon Blake，a grandmother of a P．S.116 student.
5．Principal Jane Hsu wrote the letter to the parents to ________ .
A．analyze the test results of the students
B．suggest students' reading at their own pace and playing
C．tell them about the conclusion of the research
D．give them the reason for the decision of the school
6．The decision to stop giving students homework depends upon ________. A．studies on the link between homework and academic success
B．students' wish to spend their time on activities or playing
C．Professor Cooper's research on the effectiveness of homework
D．the ideas of both school authorities and parents
7．Professor Cooper found in his research that ________.
A．kindergarten students spent too much time doing activities
B．doing homework made the kindergarten students cleverer
C．only elderly students should be given homework to do
D．students benefit more from doing homework as they grow older
8．What does the underlined word “eliminate”in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Refuse. B.Cancel.
C．Increase. D.Reduce.
[语篇解读]本文是教育新闻报道类文章。文章讲述了纽约一所公立小学日前宣布，停止给学生布置家庭作业，这引起了大家的关注和各方人士的评论。
5．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Principal Jane Hsu找到文章对应段落是文章第二段“P.S.116 Principal Jane Hsu wrote a letter to parents last month explaining that…”判断该校长是在给学生家长们解释学校的决定和原因。故选D。6．A 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词depends upon找到文章对应段落是第三段“Hsu's letter says that many studies indicate that there is no connection between homework and academic success.”可知许多研究表明家庭作业与学业成绩关系不大。故选A。
7．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词Professor Cooper找到文章对应段落第四段“An important 1989 study on homework by Professor Cooper found that doing homework led students to perform better in school as they grew older.”可知
Professor Cooper发现随着年龄的增长，做家庭作业能让学生在学业上表现更好。故选D。8．B 【解析】词义猜测题。根据前文提到的取消作业的决定和划线词所在句中的“not happy with the decision”判断是“取消”。故选B。
C
These days' teen girls lack something very important—self-esteem (自信)．They worry more about their appearance，instead of working on their schoolwork.Their concentration is on their bodies and clothing.A recent survey is conducted in a school，and here are the results：
·59% of 5th—12th grade girls are dissatisfied with their body shape.
·20%—40% of girls begin dieting at age 10.
·By 15，girls are twice as likely to become depressed as boys.
·Among 5th—12th graders,47% say they want to lose weight because of magazine pictures.
·73% of 8—12year-olds dress like teens and talk like teens.
The phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem worries many teachers and parents. Some experts conclude that teen girls' focus shifts and personal look becomes their main focus.“Self-esteem becomes too closely tied to physical appearance; girls feel they can't measure_up_to society standards，”says Anita Gurian，Ph.D.Significantly，girls are rushing to get whatever the other teen girls are getting，which affects their self-esteem.
The attitude of teen girls who think that they do not have perfect hair，perfect bodies，or perfect clothing can ruin a teen girl's self-esteem.Importantly，the question is how we can help them raise their self-esteem.Some opinions from experts and stay-at-home moms are，“Let daughters help fix the kitchen sink and let sons help make dinner.”Self-esteem matters a lot；it is your courage，your confidence，and it is self-respect in yourself.
For decades teen girls all over the world have lacked self-esteem. Some girls will let people put them down and they will not stand up for themselves.They need to realize that they are all unique individuals，and don't have to be a copy.Hopefully things will change and get better.It's obvious that we need to take
some action，and help teen girls understand that looks don't always matter.What matters is your character and how you treat people；not having the perfect body，or perfect hair，but your inner beauty.
9．What is the major focus of the teen girls these days according to the passage? A．Self-esteem. B.Appearance.
C．School work. D.Healthy weight.
10．The underlined phrase “measure up to”means “________ ”．
A．to test B.to meet
C．to change D.to understand
11．What causes the phenomenon that girls lack self-esteem according to the author?
A．Parents and teachers' worries.
B．Physical appearance.
C．The wrong attitude.
D．Opinions from experts.
12．What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A．To tell the importance of teen girls' self-esteem.
B．To list the difficulties that teen girls are facing.
C．To encourage teen girls to become unique individuals.
D．To help teen girls to realize how to raise self-esteem.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就青春期女孩缺乏自信心这一问题进行了分析并展开了论述。
9．B 【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段中的第二、第三句以及第二段的第二句可知，目前青春期女孩最关注的是她们的外貌，所以选B。
10．B 【解析】词义猜测题。由上下文可知“measure up to”这一短语在这里的意思是“达到预期的要求，符合标准”，此处表示自信心已和外貌密切相关，女孩子们感到她们无法达到社会的标准，所以选B。
11．C 【解析】推理判断题。由文章第三段第一句及后面的分析可知，作者认为女孩子们缺乏自信心主要是她们错误的态度所致，所以选C。本题容易误选B项，但由倒数第二段第一句中的“The attitude of teen girls”可知最核心原因是态度。
12．D 【解析】写作意图题。作者写这篇文章的主要目的是帮助青春期女孩认识到如何去提高自信心，所以选D。
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案含解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly. The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It's a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumbing (管道装置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside. The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process. The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”. （1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us? A. The reason for buying fewer drinks. B. The difficult situation of wildlife. C. The amount of plastic waste. D. The seriousness of plastic pollution. （2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village? A. The house will be much cooler than normal ones. B. The material of construction will be reduced a lot. C. The newly-made house can save a lot of electricity. D. The waste of the house can be consumed by fish and birds. （3）Which of the following words can best describe Robert? A. Creative. B. Courageous. C. Enthusiastic. D. Sensitive.（4）The main purpose of Robert's projects is to A. provide shelter for locals B. reuse all deserted plastic bottles C. popularize the use of plastic bottles D. raise people's environmental awareness 【答案】（1）D （2）A
阅读理解之词义猜测题 一，词义猜测类题目常见提问方式 1，The underlined word “__”in the passage means ____ . 2，What does “___”in the third paragraph stand for ? 3，3.The word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____. 4，4The word/phrase “___” could best be replaced by ____. 5，The word/phrase “__” in Line…,Para …refers to__. 6，Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”? 7，What’s the meaning of “____” in Line …,Para …? 8，The author uses the word “____” to indicate（暗示）____? 二，技巧 技巧 1. 利用上下文，通过_________结构或________结构中的_____词、______词推测词义。反义词常见信号词有but 、yet 、while 、however、on the contrary 等。同义词常见信号词：and, or, namely, that is, that is to say,等。 1. Although the hazards of the trip were many --- for example , the unbearable heat , the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animal and poisonous snakes --- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go. A. safties B. destinations C. dangers D. pleasures 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is , it will break easily. A. breakable B. firm C. strong D. separate 技巧2 从句子或文段中找线索、信息词（如__________、________或________ 推测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。 常用的解释性词提示词有that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be 等， 1. The herdsman , who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year . A. chief B. sheepherder C. merchant D. buyer 2. Japan has a problem many other countries would envy --- its workforce works too hard. Curing Japanese workers of disease "workaholism" is proving a difficult job , partly because many of them like work better than anything else , experts say. A. killer B. drinker C. jobnik D. secretary 技巧3 根据上下文___________结构(即___________句）及其语境，推断词义。文中常用解释性句子引出生词含义，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。 1.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools ? A. co-operative educational B. separate educational C. boys and girls at the same school's educational D. individual educational 2. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor . Because of this , most people think that craft (手艺) no longer exists. A. large-scaled production B. small-scaled production C. bankrupt D. fortune hunting 技巧4 利用_______，巧解词义。
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
专题一阅读理解(词义猜测题) 一、知识链接 英语的一个显著特点是它庞大的词汇数量。即使一个拥有上万单词量的人在阅读英语读物中 也难免会遇到生词。如果每遇到生词，就查阅词典，不但会降低阅读速度，而且往往使阅读 变得索然无味。据调查，影响人们阅读理解的，首先是词汇。因此学习并掌握一些猜测生词 词义的方法，对排除阅读时某些生词的干扰，降低生词率是十分必要的。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表示一个确定的词义。NMET阅读理解中猜测词义的考查内 容既可以是文中的生词，也可以是熟词新义、短语或句子。但都要求考生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。此类题的提问形式一般有： 1. Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to"... "? 2. The underlined word, means_______. 3. The underlined phrase, means_______. 4. The underlined sentence, means_______. 二、真题演练 （一）典型例题 例1、 T-shirts out; uniforms in School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong” clothes. Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits" probably means________. A. tasks B. messages C. differences D. advantages 变式练习 Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot, they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
高中英语阅读理解专题复习资料（故事8篇） 1、A survey in the Philippines has shown the country uses a "shocking" amount of single-use plastic, including nearly 60 billion sachets(小袋)a year, a new report said Friday. The report, produced by the non-governmental organization GALA, is part of an effort to collect data on plastic consumption as environmentalists push for government action to reduce plastic waste. It contains shocking figures: every day, almost 48 million shopping bags are used throughout the Philippines, adding up to more than 17 billion a year. And that figure does not include the smaller, thinner and often transparent plastic bags known as "labo" bags-around 16.5 billion of those are used per year across the country, the report says. The figures are based on 21 waste assessments conducted in 13 cities across the Philippines, with the national figures produced by extrapolating(推断)from local results. More than half of non-recyclable plastic analyzed in the survey came from sachets-small plastic packets often lined with aluminium or containing other materials that make them non-recyclable. Small portions of products ranging from coffee to shampoo are often sold in sachets in the Philippines, and are seen as an affordable solution for consumers. But Grate said the popularity appeared to be more a result of what is available, with wealthier consumers simply buying multiple sachets. "If you,to the supermarkets, it’s rare for you to be able to buy coffee in bigger containers; it’s all in sachets," he said. The survey is the first time an organization has tried to quantify(确定数量) sachet use, and the NGO hopes to pressure both the government and industry to take action on controlling single-use plastic. The report found that where local-level plastic bag bans have been put in place and strictly enforced, usage has dropped dramatically. It urged the government to "institute a comprehensive national plastic bag ban that promotes reusable bags". And it wants regulations on other single-use plastic products and rules requiring companies to redesign products and packaging to minimize plastic waste. 1.What’s the purpose of GALA in carrying out the survey? A.To show how shocking the amount of plastic waste can be. B.To get people and the government know better about its final goal. C.To collect accurate numbers of plastic bags used in the whole country. D.To help make the government take measures to reduce plastic waste. 2.Why can’t many sachets be recycled?