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现在完成时、现在完成进行时语法

现在完成时、现在完成进行时语法
现在完成时、现在完成进行时语法

现在完成时的重点和难点

一.现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”

1.现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在产生了影响,与现在情况具有因果关系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。 (动作结束于过去,但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。例如: Have you found your pen yet?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?

2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"

现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。

例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far到目前为止)等。

例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。

(2)现在完成时常见两种句型:

①主语+have / has been+for短语

②It is+一段时间+ since从句

例如:He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了。

3、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

4、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:

I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显

然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:

-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right.

5、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

2终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。

如: (1)他死了三年了。

误:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years. 正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died. 正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他来这儿五天了。误:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days. 正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here. 正:Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。

下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: He hasn't left here since 1986. I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……"。如:You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。 I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误:How long have you come here? 正:How long have you been here? 正:When did you come here?

二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对"现在"产生的影响。如:

He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)

2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如:

Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着重点是现在有了一台新电脑)

3. 两种时态的区分

(1)一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式,而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是"助动词have /has+过去分词"。如:The film started at 7 o’clock. He has been a teacher for many years.

(2)一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等;而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段时间的状语连用。

看看以下的几组句子,有什么区别?

① Have you seen the film?(A) Did you see the film?(B) [说明] 你看过这部电影吗?

(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。

② How has he done it?(A) How did he do it?(B)

[说明]他是怎么做的这件事?(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响; (B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (A) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有:一、考查其构成

"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如:

1. Kate's never seen Chinese films,____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 析:陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式,又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写,故选B。

2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句) His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.

析:already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句、疑问句中,故填hasn't, yet。 3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 析:"so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致,又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。

二、考查其用法与标志词

(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时,常用现在完成时。如: 1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework yet? A. Do ; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished 2. -______ you ______anywhere be fore? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______ A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed

析:据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时,故1题选D,2题选D。

(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。

如: 1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.

. A after B. before C. since D. for

析:主句用的是现在完成时,而从句用的是一般过去时,故选C。 2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent

B. has borrowed

C. has bought

D. has had

析:A、B、C均为非延续性动词,在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用,故选D。 3. I______a letter from him since he left.

A. didn't receive

B. haven't got

C. didn't have

D. haven't heard

析:据since可知,应排除A、C,"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信",故选B。

三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如:

1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A. went to B. g one to C. been in D. been to

析:据句中的have,排除A,B项意为"去某地了",C项意为"一直呆在某地",D项意为"去过某地",符合题意,故选D。

2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

A. have been in

B. have been to

C. have gone to

D. have been

析:本题句中有"for+段时间"结构,据此可排除C,B项意为"去过某地",不合题意,D项缺介词,故选A。

四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。

如: 1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)

析:非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时,除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外,还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为:Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since S un's aunt went there.

2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)

________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.

析:据上题分析,且since引导的从句要用一般过去时,故填It is, since, came。 3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C . have lost D. is coming

析:因我丢了票的动作发生在过去,而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果,符合现在完成时所表示的含意,故选C。

现在完成进行时

表示一个持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止,也可能还在进行)。

(1) 构成:have been doing

(2) 用法:

1) 延续:表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在,并且活动往往还没有结束,将继续持续下去。I have been living in Hawaii for ten years. 我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。She has been

burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE. 她最近在熬夜准备GRE考试。Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours. 汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。What happened to you? Have you been crying? 你怎么了?你是不是一直在哭?

2) 重复:到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。He has been going to Seattle for half a year. 他在半年间经常去西雅图。I have been telling you not to make trouble. 我一直劝你不要找麻烦。The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years. 老人修车修了三十年了。Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year. 杰克练太极一年多了。

? 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别:

1) 现在完成时强调完成和影响,现在完成进行时强调未完成和动作。He has painted the room. 她已经粉刷过房间了。(影响:墙壁是干净的) He has been

painting the room. 他一直在粉刷房间。(还未粉刷完) I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过了。(影响:现在可以给回复) I have been thinking it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。(还未考虑清楚)

2) 现在完成时经常表单个事件,现在完成进行时可表重复事件。

Juice has gone to the library. 橙汁去图书馆了。Juice has been going to the library for a year . 橙汁在一年间经常去图书馆。Juice has met the hot girl in the library again. 橙汁在图书馆再次遇到那个性感的女孩。Juice has been meeting a hot girl in the library lately. 橙汁近来经常在图书馆遇到那个性感的女孩。

3) 现在完成时陈述事实,现在完成进行时表感情色彩. What have you

done? 你做什么了?(仅是问问) I've been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I'd come back and get my degree.”在2007年6月7日举行的哈佛大学的毕业典礼上,Bill Gates获得了学校颁发的荣誉博士学位时说道:我已经等了30多年才得以说这句话:“老爸,我一直都在告诉你,我会回来拿到学位的”。(难以抑制的兴奋之情) Where have you been? I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours. 你去哪了?我在雨中等了你两个小时。(不满)

4) 表重复时:完成时强调成果,讲次数;完成进行时强调持续,不讲次数。I have sent thirty e-mails this morning. 我今天上午发了三十封电子邮件。I have been sending e-mails this morning. 我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。

英语语法-现在完成时用法及习题

目录 1现在完成时的构成 (2) 2现在完成时的用法 (5) 3 使用现在完成时需注意事项 (7) 4过去完成时与现在完成时的比较 (12) 练习题 (13) 答案 (16)

现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的一种。因为它并不是表示发生于某一时间的事情,而是既涉及过去,又联系现在的一种时态。请参见下列三个例句: 例:1.I live in Beijing. 我住在北京。 2.I lived in Beijing. 我住过北京。(我在北京住过。) 3.I have lived in Beijing. 我一直住在北京。 例1.的live是一般现在式,表示“我现在住在北京”这一事实。 例2.的lived是过去式。这句只是表示在过去的某一时期我在北京住过,至于现在住不住在北京则不清楚。 例3.的have lived是现在完成时,表示我在过去的某一时间开始住在北京,现在也住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。 1现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的形式是“have (has)+过去分词”,表示继续、完了、结果和经验等四种意思。 现在完成时的否定句是在have(has)的后面加上not,疑问句是将have(has)置于主语之前。 1现在完成时的肯定句 句型:

We have lived in Beijing. 我们一直住在北京。 He has lived in Beijing. 他一直住在北京。 过去分词的三种用法 过去分词有下列三种用法(过去分词的构成详见第六章):1.构成现在(过去)完成时 have(has)+过去分词~ I have written the letter. 我写完这封信了。 2.被动语态:参见第十三章 be + 过去分词~ He was looked after.他受到照顾。 3.用于形容词 This is a broken chair. 这是一张坏的椅子。 2现在完成时的否定句 句型:主语+have(has)+not +过去分词~. I have not seen the movie yet.

现在完成时语法详细讲解

英语现在完成时语法详细讲解与配套习题 一、现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样,在动词词尾加ed; 不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表,需要同学记忆。 现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句,否定句和疑问句列表如下: 肯定句:I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film. 否定句:I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film. He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film. 疑问句:Have I/you/they seen the film Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t. Has he/she/it seen the film Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ s he/ it hasn’t. 二、用法:现在完成时既涉及过去,又联系现在。 标志词词义用法位置 already已经肯定句句中或句末 ever曾经疑问句、肯定句句中 never从未,从来不陈述句,不和not 连用句中 (ever)since自从肯定、疑问、否定句中 for后接一段时间肯定、疑问、否定句中 just刚刚,正好肯定句句中 yet还疑问句、否定句末 recently最近肯定、否定、疑问句句末 once, twice, a few times几次肯定、疑问句末 during/over /in 在过去的一段时间里肯定、疑问、否定句末 the past/last + 一段时 间 It’s the first time I …这是我第一次…肯定句前

最新英语语法—现在进行时(基本)

现在进行时 元音:a e i o u(其它为辅音) 现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”,动作目前的状态是“正在进行中”。所谓“正在进行中”,是指在谈到这件事的时候,这个动作还在进行中。至于它是什么时候开始的,什么时候会停下来,不是我们关心的。所以“正在进行时”的事件,可能发生几年了,也可能只有几分钟。仍在进行中这是“正在进行时”的关键所在。它是一件持续进行的事情。 一.定义: 现在进行时的定义:现在进行时表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。可以表示有计划的未来,也就是用现在进行时表示将来。 二.构成: 现在进行时的构成是:主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式。 be的变化 在现在进行时中,be 要根据人称代词和名词的单复数不同,而分别使用am/is/are,即:I am/he/she/it 包括单数名词和不可数名词用is,you/we/they 包括复数名词用are. 第一人称单数:I+am+doing+Sth. 第一人称复数We+are+doing +Sth. 第二人称单(复)数 You+are+doing+Sth. 第三人称单数 He(She,it)+is+doing+Sth. 第三人称复数 They+are+doing +Sth. 三.现在进行时的变化 肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它. 否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它. 一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它? 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它? 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。

初中英语语法过去完成时

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2017人教版八年级下英语现在完成时语法讲解(最新整理)

1 现在完成时(I )语法知识定义:(1)表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚 ),ever(曾经),never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句(均表示:已经) . 常用于否定句(表示:还、尚),疑问句末尾(表示:已经). 现在完成时的构成及句型结构:(注:过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化,规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样,不规则变化见教材137页) 1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙)He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句:主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands.3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答:No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他+时间? eg: What have you already done? (done 是do/does 的过去分词) What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义:(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since 引导的时间短语或从句连用 .

英语语法大攻克--现在完成时

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初中英语语法——过去完成时电子教案

初中英语语法——过 去完成时

初中英语语法——过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。过去完成时是一种相对状态,情调动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 1.过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式 过去完成时谓语动词的结构形式为:助动词had+过去分词。had在句中没有人称和数的变化。如: My father had left before I came here. My parents had begun to work by the time I got up. 2.过去完成时的用法 (1)表示在过去某时刻或在过去另一动作之前所完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。如: She had learned English before she came to English. I asked him if he had ever seen a whale blowing. (2)表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能继续下去的动作或状态,常与for或since引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。如: He had studied English for five years when he went to the middle school. He had been ill for a week when he was sent to the hospital. (3)过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。在宾语从句中,主句用了一般过去时,从句表示完成用过去完成时。如: He said he had been a soldier. They said they had seen the film. (4)表示过去未曾实现的希望或计划用过去完成时。如:

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