动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。
1．动名词用作主语.
Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面
It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。
3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语
There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？
2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语
He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。
三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）
Having money, he will buy a bigger car.（表条件）
Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..（表让步）
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）
He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）
四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。
1．动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。
2．现在分词用作表语
The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即: 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能. 两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个for加
动名词的短语。
1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候车sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场sleeping pill 安眠药 writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机 writing paper 信纸operating table 手术室 checking account 活期账diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室diving board 跳板 playing ground 运动场washing machine 洗衣机boxing competition 拳击比赛washing powder 洗衣粉speaking contest 演讲比赛fishing pole 钓鱼杆fishing line 钓鱼线
2．现在分词作定语
developing countries 发展中国家a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑 the existing condition 现有条件 the remaining days 剩下的岁月lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星the leading newspapers 主要报纸the ruling class 统治阶级 living things 有生命的东西 the ageing population 老化的人口 the rising generation 成长的一代
六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。
具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外，有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard, consider, describe, see, think of 等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
1．动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语）
This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning 是主语补语）
2．现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。
现在分词和动名词练习
（1）现在分词
1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the
burning house, ________for help.
A. supporting; calling
B. supported by; called
C. being supported by; called
D. being supporting; called
2. --- Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?
---- We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.
A. be discussed
B. being discussing
C. discussed
D. which discussed
3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage.
A. left; breaking
B. leaving; broken
C. left; broken
D. to leave; breaking
4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.
A. Having been worked
B. Not to have worked
C. Having never worked
D. Never have worked
5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing
B. Having passed
C. Not passing
D. Not having passed
6. Time________, I can have done it better.
A. permit
B. be permitted
C. permitting
D. to permit
7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost
B. The key been lost
C. Lost the key
D. Having lost the key
8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.
A. Being translated
B. Having translated
C. To be translated
D. Having been translated
9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and
was at a loss what to do.
A. Having blamed
B. To blame
C. Being to be blame
D. Being to blame
10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine
with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. To suffer
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.
A. Judging
B. Judged
C. To judge
D. Judge
12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to
the rain.
A. Trembling; exposing
B. Trembled; exposed
C. Trembled; exposing
D. Trembling; exposed
13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________.
A. including
B. being including
C. to include
D. included
14. ----Who were those people with the flags?
----A group________itself the League of Peace.
A. calls
B. calling
C. called
D. being called
15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it.
A. Tell
B. Telling
C. To tell
D. Told
16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.
A. burnt
B. to burn
C. being burnt
D. burning
17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is
preparing a speech for the party________ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
A. being held; to be held
B. to be held; held
C. held; being held
D. to be held; to be held
18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.
A. puzzled; puzzled
B. puzzling; puzzling
C. puzzling; puzzled
D. puzzled; puzzling
19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.
A. find
B. finding
C. found
D. to find
20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up.
A. Hearing
B. Having heard
C. When hearing
D. When she heard
21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun.
A. had
B. have
C. to have
D. having
22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A.having hung
B.hanging
C.hangs
D.being hung
24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.
A. going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and
animals not found in any other country in the world.
A.Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
key: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC
16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB
（2）动名词
1. No one enjoys_______at.
A. laughing
B. to laugh
C. being laughed
D. to be laughed
2. You must do something to prevent your house_______ .
A. to be broken in
B. from being broken in
C. to break in
D. from breaking in
3. They insisted on_______another chance to try.
A. given
B. giving
C. being given
D. to be given
4. —Where is my passport? I remember_______it here.
—You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_______it with you all the time.
A. to put; to take
B. putting ;taking
C. putting ;to take
D. to put ;taking
5. His room needs_______, so he must have it .
A. painting; painted
B. painted; painting
C. painting; painting
D. painted; painted
6. After finishing his homework he went on_______a letter to his parents.
A.write
B.writing
C.wrote
D.to write
7. The young trees we planted last week require_______with great care.
A. looking after
B. to look after
C. to be looked after
D. taken good care of
8. Only_______English doesn't mean_______the language.
A.to learn; to learn
B.learning; learning
C.learning about; learn
D.learning about; learning
9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_______.
A.missed
B.to be missing
C.missing
D.to be missed
10. She decided to devote herself_______the problem of old age.
A.to study
B.studying
C.to studying
D.study
11. Remember_______the newspaper when you have finished it.
A.putting back
B.put back
C.to put back
D.be put back
12. As she is looking forward to_______from me, please remember______this letter on your way to school.
A.hear; post
B.hearing; to post
C.be heard; posting
D.be hearing; to posting
13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_______your handwriting.
A.to read
B.to see
C.reading C.in seeing
14. Writing stories and articles_______what I enjoy most.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
15. We appreciate_______us to the ball.
A. them to invite
B. to invite
C. their inviting
D. being invited
16. Would you mind_______quiet for a moment? I'm trying_______a form.
A. keeping; filling out
B. to keep; to fill out
C. keeping; to fill out
D. to keep; filling out
17. He was afraid_______for being late.
A.of seeing
B.of being seen
C.to be seen
D.to have seen
18. I'd like to suggest_______the meeting till next week.
A. to put off
B. putting off
C. put off
D. to be put off
19. I don't see how I could possibly manage_______the work without .
A. finish; helping
B. to finish; being helped
C. finishing; helping
D. finishing; being helped
20. Anything worth_______is worthy of_______well.
A.doing; being done
B. doing; doing
C. to be done; to be done
D. to be done; being done
21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted_______the work.
A.finish
B.to finish
C.in finishing
D.on finishing
22. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week.
A.answer
B.answering
C.writing
D.to post
23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape_______by the police.
A.to be caught
B.he caught
C.being caught
D.catching
24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I_______it at home.
Then I remembered_______it out to pay for the taxi.
A.must have left; to take
B.may leave; taking
C.might leave; to take
D.could have left; taking
25. _______the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.
A.After hearing
B.On hearing
C.While hearing
D.Having heared
26. _______his mother, the baby could not help .
A.To see; to laugh
B.Seeing; to laugh
C. Seeing; laughing
D.To see; laughing
27. It's no use_______so much money on clothes.
A.spend
B.spent
C.spending
D.being spent
28. The sentence needs_______.
A.improve
B.a improvement
C.improving
D.improved
29. If he succeeded_______a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger
now.
A.to find
B.to look for
C.in finding
D.in looking for
30. I still remember_______to my home town when I was young.
A.taking
B.taken
C.being taken
D.to take
1-5 CBCCA 6-10.DADCC 11-15.CBCAC
16-20.CBBBA 21-25.DBCDB https://www.doczj.com/doc/b210669204.html,CCC
你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？ 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 1.1 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).
必修4单词表 Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 （法国民族女英雄） △Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白?弗赖伊 （英国慈善家） △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 welfare n. 福利；福利事业 project n. 项目；工程；规划 institute n. 学会；学院；协会 △China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 △specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 △Jane Goodall 简?古道尔 (英国动物学家) △chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩 connection n. 连接；关系 human being 人类 △Jody Williams 乔迪?威廉斯 （美国诺贝尔和平奖得者） campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 △landmine n. 地雷 organization n. 组织；机构；团体 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园 (位于坦桑尼亚) behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性 shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测 childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论
高中英语语法详解：动名词 概念 动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式 相关知识点精讲： 1.作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。 2.作宾语 a. 有些动词能够用动名词作宾语。例如： admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受 enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 fancy 想象 finish 完成
imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌 resume 继续 resist 抵抗 risk 冒险 suggest 建议 face 面对 include 包括 stand 忍受 understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续 例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面能够用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：
admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to object to stick to no good no use be fond of look forward to be proud of be busy can't help be tired of be capable of be afraid of think of burst out keep on insist on count on
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
必修4 Unit 1 n. 成就；功绩 圣女贞德（法国民族女英雄） 伊丽莎白?弗赖伊（英国慈善家） 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 n. 福利；福利事业 n. 项目；工程；规划 n. 学会；学院；协会 中国福利基金会 n. 专家；专业工作者 vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 简?古道尔 (英国动物学家) n. （非洲）黑猩猩 n. 连接；关系 人类 乔迪?威廉斯 n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 n. 地雷 n. 组织；机构；团体 贡贝国家公园 vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现行为；举止；习性 n. 荫；阴凉处vt. 遮住光线 离开；起程；出发 adj. 值得的；值得做的 n. 巢；窝 n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带 vt. 观察；观测；遵守 n. 观察；观测 n. 童年；幼年时代
adj. 直言的；坦诚 vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 n. 争论；争辩；争吵 n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 过着……的生活 n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 n. 灵感；鼓舞 n. & vt. 支持；拥护 蔑视；瞧不起 vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 查阅；参考；谈到 n. 观众；听众；读者 碰巧；凑巧（偶然）遇见；碰见 n. 事业；生涯 n. 比率；速度 n. 疾病；恶心 vt. 计划；打算 n. 突发事件；紧急情况 n. 一代；一辈 n. 决心；果断 n. 仁慈；好意 adj. 考虑周到的 n. 考虑；体谅 vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生； 发表（演说等） 继续；坚持 adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
The Gerund Seeing (see) is believing. Having solved (solve) this difficult question made her very happy. Being invited (invite) to the party is a great honor. Having been defeated (defeat) by such a weak team made the players very upset. 1. 定义： 动名词是英语动词的一种非谓语形式。动名词的构成：动词加上ing 构成。顾名思义，动名词有双重功能。它既有名词的特点---可作句子的主语，动词和介词的宾语；也有动词的特点---可以有自己的宾语和状语。 First, exchange a “Hello” or “Hi” with the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting. That’s the cue for you to stop moving on. Making small talk can be one of life’s pleasures. 2. 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。 1) 作主语 ①直接位于句首做主语。 . _____D_____ clean is a safeguard against disease. A. To be keeping B. Kept C. Keep D. Keeping 读书是一种艺术。 Reading is an art. 爬山是真有趣。 Climbing mountains is really fun . ②动名词作主语，除了放在句首，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于 句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如： It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 注：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.
习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,＿like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2.＿in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made＿on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When＿,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5.＿to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. ＿his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7.＿on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they ＿the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. ＿such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10.＿the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen ＿near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for ＿to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ＿“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, ＿him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. ＿of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
外研版高中英语必修4 单词表 M1 brick n. 砖 concrete n. 混凝土 mud n. 泥 alternative adj. 替换的；供选择的crime n. 罪；罪行 for sure 肯定地 prediction n. 预测 risky adj. 危险的；冒险的 resource n.（常作复数）资源 run out （某物）用完；不多了；没有了material n. 材料 rely vi. 依赖；依靠 rely on 依靠 solar adj. 太阳的urban adj. 都市的；城市的get rid of 除掉；处理掉load vt. 装；装载 landfill n. 垃圾填埋地arrest vt. 逮捕；拘留criminal n. 罪犯；犯人fire vt. 开火；启动 limit n. （常作复数）范围outdoors adv. 户外 online adv. 联机地catalogue n. 目录command n. 命令；指令place order 订购recreation n. 娱乐；消遣bowling n. 保龄球游戏softball n. 垒球（运动）
charge n. 费用；价钱 free of charge 免费 power vt. 供给动力 flick n. 轻打；轻弹 switch n. 开关vi. 交换；调换surgery n. 外科手术 telesurgery n. 远距离手术outpatient n. 门诊病人 clinic n. 诊所 disability n. 失去能力；伤残attach vt. 系；贴；连接spaceport n. 宇航基地 use up 用完 look out 小心；当心 optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义SHB4 M2 trolleybus n. 电车 be connected to 与……相连wire n. 电线 suburban adj. 郊区的；市郊的be / get stuck in 被困在……in no time 马上；一会儿display vt. 展示；陈列 cab n. 出租汽车；计程车permit n. 执照；许可证 receipt n. 收据 get around 到处旅行；四处走动fare n. 车费 air-conditioned adj. 带空调的limit vt. 限制 destination n. 目的地；终点
动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。 一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。 1．动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面 It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。 It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。 3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。 二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。 1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。 So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？ 2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语 He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。 三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。 现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间） Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因） Having money, he will buy a bigger car.（表条件） Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..（表让步） The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果） He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况） 四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。 1．动名词用作表语 Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。 2．现在分词用作表语
Uinit 10 动名词的用法 动名词是名词化的了动词，它可以有自己的逻辑主语, 从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词所带的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格。 1.动名词复合结构的形式 其形式有如下两种： I insist on Mary’s going there. 我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。 I have not heard of your being ill. 我没听说你病了。 1. Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lessons repeated at the top of the children’s voices could be heard out in the street. 2. In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so. ※注意： 在上述例句中，动名词前的逻辑主语与句子主语不同。如果主语相同，则不用逻辑主语，只用动名词。试比较： I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time. (NMET’94) ※在确定逻辑主语的格的形式时须注意以下几点： 1）动名词复合结构作主语和表语时一般用名词所有格或物主代词。例如： Nixon’s visiting China marked a new era between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. 尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。 The main trouble is their not having enough money. 主要问题是他们没有足够的钱。 2）在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.大夫并不反对我偶尔吃一点肉。
高中现在分词用法练 时间：20150529 一 1. (make) full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations...) 2. (be) ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 (= Because he was ill...) 3.His father died, (leave) him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱. (= and left him a lot of money.) 4.He lay on the grass, (stare)at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 (= ...and stared at the sky for a long time) 5. (work) hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 (=If you work hard at your lessons.) 6. (know)all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 (= Although they knew all this.)Rewrite the following sentences. 7. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. ________________ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. 8. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _________ ___ ______can speak seven languages. 9. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _______ _____ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. 10. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk ______ ____ __________. 11. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _______ on the wall is a world-famous one. 12. Because he di dn’t receive an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. ____ ____________ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. 13. When he sees the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. _______ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.
必修4 Unit 1 achievement n. 成就；功绩 △Joan of Arc 圣女贞德 （法国民族女英雄）△Elizabeth Fry 伊丽莎白?弗赖伊 （英国慈善家） △Quaker n. 教友派信徒；贵格会会员 welfare n. 福利；福利事业project n. 项目；工程；规划institute n. 学会；学院；协会△China Welfare Institute 中国福利基金会 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者△specialize vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于 △Jane Goodall 简?古道尔 (英国动物学家)△chimp n. （非洲）黑猩猩connection n. 连接；关系human being 人类 △Jody Williams 乔迪?威廉斯 （美国诺贝尔和平奖得者） campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 △landmine n. 地雷organization n. 组织；机构；团体 △Gombe National Park 贡贝国家公园 (位于坦桑尼亚) behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour (=behavior) 行为；举止；习性 shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 move off 离开；起程；出发worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的
nest n. 巢；窝 bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测childhood n. 童年；幼年时代outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 lead a … life 过着……的生活crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海 inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示△inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞support n. & vt. 支持；拥护look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考 refer to 查阅；参考；谈到audience n. 观众；听众；读者 by chance 碰巧；凑巧 come across （偶然）遇见；碰见△career n. 事业；生涯 rate n. 比率；速度 sickness n. 疾病；恶心 intend vt. 计划；打算emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况generation n. 一代；一辈 △determination n. 决心；果断kindness n. 仁慈；好意considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅deliver vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生； 发表（演说等） carry on 继续；坚持 modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 Unit 2
高中英语动名词专题 一、语法专项 1. I certainly appreciate his ______ (tell)us about the delay in delivering the materials because we had planned to begin work tomorrow. 2. These three college students are real heroes because they risked his ______ (lose) their own lives in order to save the drowning boys in the water. 3. I really appreciate your ______ (lend) me the money to help me out. 4. The married couple regularly discussed the life habits they find ______ (annoy) in each other. 5. — What is it that made Peter so happy and excited? — ______ (choose) as a volunteer for Shanghai 2010 World Expo. 6. It is a common sense that ______(expose) for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin. 7. Considering his poor health condition,the doctor insisted on ______ (he take) a good rest before going back to work. 8. ______ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curie’s death. 9. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope to ______ (get) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown. 10. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______ (promote) when we talked on the phone. 11. Doctors warn people that ______ (control)anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a person’s health than the anger itself. 12. — What was it that made Trump happy? — ______ (elect) the US President. 13. Nowadays some parents regret not ______(spend) more time with their kids when they were young. 14. The patient who had suffered from H1N1insisted on ______ (isolate) from others immediately, holding the belief that the disease would infect others.