一(每小题：1 分)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.
1. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.
A. elaborate
B. rigid
C. confined
D. prevailing
E. evident
F. tended
G. scarcely H. processes I. deliberate
J. exclusive K. stimulated L. confident
M. devote N. inevitably O. devices
There was a time when real men couldn't show much interest in how a home looked inside except the garage or basement workshop. Interior (内部的) design was once supposed to be the (1) exclusive elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices task for wives. However, if you visit decoration showrooms today, you will find that it is (2)evident elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices that something has changed.
Men's interest began to shift indoors when modern technology became (3)prevailing elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices in media rooms with all that computer stuff. Hot tubs also (4)stimulated elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices men's imaginations, and got them into the bathroom. New kitchen (5)devices elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices were as difficult to handle as cars, and guys began to find them fascinating, too. As for the bedroom, that (6)tended elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices to be the last preserve (专利) of the wife. However, (7)elaborate elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices beds that promised a better night's sleep soon became a popular topic across the country, and (8) inevitabiy elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices attracted a great deal of attention from men.
The roles of men and women have changed and there's a less (9)rigid elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices division between who's on top at work and who rules the home, so that, today, the home is often a gender-equal space. Both men and women work, both (10)devote elaborate rigid confined prevailing evident tended scarcely processes deliberate exclusive stimulated confident devote inevitably devices their attention and enthusiasm to home interior and both see home as a peaceful place.
2. Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
A. relieve
B. process
C. strain
D. sustained
E. retreated
F. moderate
G. enrich H. enhance I. relief
J. access K. restrain L. reversed
M. deliberate N. inner O. worshiping
What is meditation(冥想)? Meditation can be traced to the time when the Buddha (佛), monks (僧侣) (11) retreated relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping into forests and mountains to think quietly about the truth of the Buddha's Teaching. Meditation seems not only to help monks in (12)worshiping relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping the Buddha, but can also benefit ordinary people.
Meditation is a skill – a skill of conscious, continuous attention. You already have part of this skill – what keeps you stressed is your ability to pay (13)sustained relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping attention to whatever is troubling you. Regular meditation practice can (14)relieve relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping everyday stresses. You begin by learning to pay (15)deliberate relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping attention to something pleasant and relaxing, and interrupt and (16) restrain relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping stress-producing thoughts. This will turn around the effects of stress. Eventually, meditation can improve your health, (17)enhance relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping your creativity, and even slow down the aging (18)process relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping .
Many people who meditate regularly feel that its benefits go well beyond the (19) relief relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping of stress. They feel that meditation has enabled them to connect with a(n) (20)inner relieve process strain sustained retreated moderate enrich enhance relief access restrain reversed deliberate inner worshiping source of wisdom and meaning. This connection has greatly enriched their lives.
二．Part 4 Vocabulary and Structure
(每小题：1 分)
Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one to complete each sentence.
1. The chairman insisted on his ridiculous ideas and argued so loudly and impolitely against all the other suggestions that many people ___A_____ into silence.
A. retreated
B. recovered
D. regulated
2. This problem was observed in some people in their thirties, but it was still not ____D__ in some sixty-and-seventy-year-olds.
A. compatible
B. diverse
C. significant
D. evident
3. It's a shame that I have learned French for 10 years and yet I am unable to ______B__ more than a few sentences.
A. steer
B. utter
C. spill
D. occur
4. It's a common misconception that if a person is bright, wonderful ideas will flash _____A___ into his mind.
A. spontaneously
B. undeniably
C. genetically
D. consiciously
5. I think my emotions were so _____B___ that they immediately sensed that something had gone wrong.
A. subtle
B. transparent
C. sensitive
D. intact
6. _____C___, his hard work eventually gave him the result that he had long desired: He successfully discovered the cause of the disease.
A. Back and forth
B. In a new light
C. Much to his relief
D. Now and then
7. Law students tend to become more concerned with matters of proper procedure (手续) and show an increased _______D_ to reason.
A. contradiction
B. loyalty
C. alliance
D. tendency
8. She runs on average a mile every day since she went to junior high school, ___C_____.
A. whatever weather
B. whatever weather is
C. whatever the weather
D. whatever is the weather
9. If the young man seeks nothing but pleasure, he will achieve nothing ____B____.
B. in the end
C. in time
D. in order
10. As soon as the teacher left the classroom, the newcomer was surrounded by the other pupils and was showered ______A__ questions.
A. with
B. of
C. for
D. by
11. The modern-day cookie, as we know it, ____B____ about 200 years ago, with the introduction of tea and coffee into Europe.
A. kept in shape
B. came into being
C. set up
D. gave rise to
12. Crossed arms can show ______B__ patience, displeasure, or judgment—any of which would prevent people from opening up.
A. a range of
B. a lack of
C. a string of
D. a matter of
13. There is a rule that applies ____C____ the clothes you wear during your interview: You should look like you belong there.
A. for
B. with
C. to
D. in
14. Love is most successful if the two people have both physical and mental _____A___.
A. compatibility
B. process
C. mission
D. order
15. Among the amazing annual figure of six million visitors to this famous tourist attraction, out-of-town tourists ____A____ no more than a quarter.
A. constitute
B. consist
C. construct
D. contain
16. This non-profit organization's aim is to ____C____ the quality of life and employment options of persons with disabilities.
A. acquire
B. nurture
C. enhance
17. Sports programs can help high school girls learn how to ______D__ an active, healthy lifestyle into their busy study schedule.
A. interpret
B. interact
C. interfere
D. intergrate
18. It was unusual for a writer to be able to produce films on his works, and ___D_____ few film directors were writers in their own right.
A. ideally
B. scarcely
C. casually
D. conversely
19. Because Australia's native people and black Africans share such _____C___ characteristics as skin color and body shape, they were widely assumed to be closely related.
A. profound
B. inevitable
C. superficial
D. appealing
20. The fire was a heavy blow, but we were ______A__ to pick up the pieces and get the business back on its feet.
A. determined
B. accustomed
C. scared
D. restrained
21. Since the demand for roses has kept dropping over the past few years, rose growers are starting to sell other types of flowers so as to _____B___ lost rose sales.
A. pull away
B. make up for
C. serve on
D. open up to
22. Be patient. It just _____C___ time to make sure that your company is in good position and worth the investment.
A. uses
B. spends
C. takes
D. gets
23. When the rescue team arrived at the village, they only found houses left ______D__ after the earthquake.
A. to destroy
B. to be destroyed
C. destroying
D. destroyed
24. Just because someone is good or bad at one thing, it does not ____C____ that the person
will also be good or bad at other things.
A. engage
B. involve
C. guarantee
D. concede
25. There is considerable _____A___ with respect to attitudes toward technology, mostly from one generation to another.
A. variation
B. privilege
C. convention
D. deficiencyPart 5 Reading comprehension
(每小题：1 分)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.
1.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Manners evolved differently in different cultures. In earlier times there was a tendency for manners to become increasingly formal, and this was often viewed as progress. In the 18th and 19th centuries having good manners was seen as an important part of one's education and social class, and it was necessary to be taken as a lady or a gentleman to get ahead in the world.
In the 20th and 21st centuries, manners have gradually become more relaxed and informal. The hosting of dinners and other social gatherings are no longer the exclusive privilege of the wealthy elite (精英), and private clubs are being gradually replaced by more open meeting places. So the manners of the salon (沙龙) are gradually combining with the manners of the pub. Clothing is a good indication of the changes in manners, as can be seen in the following examples.
It is surprising that the wearing of hats indoors by males is once again becoming acceptable. Students in North America often wear baseball caps to class. In many countries the wearing of hats indoors by males was once acceptable even in very polite society, but over the years this became considered as a lower-class behavior and was thus discouraged in both the middle and upper classes. The young people who wear hats indoors do not realize they are actually restarting a very old cultural tradition.
A comparable development for females is the wearing of jeans. Many females now wear jeans on a daily basis, either at home or at work. Some see this as a symbolic declaration that they are now modern women, not girls or ladies. Some girls, like boys, wear baseball caps both indoors and outdoors.
Sneakers and shorts are now acceptable for either males or females in a variety of non-athletic situations. Some companies have rules requiring informal dress such as jeans or sneakers on Fridays (called "dress-down Friday" or "casual Friday"), and others permit it almost all the time. In these companies, and many others, it is acceptable to call the bosses by their first names.
1. What does the passage mainly talk about? A
A. Changes of manners over time.
B. Formal manners in the earlier times.
C. Different manners in different cultures.
D. Development of manners in different classes.
2. In the 20th and 21st centuries, _________. A
A. manners are not as formal as in the past
B. manners in a pub are getting more and more formal
C. proper clothing is a good indication of good manners
D. rich people no longer behave formally in social gatherings
3. According to the passage, "the manners of the salon" in paragraph 2 most likely refers to _____C_____.
A. Formal manners of drinking.
B. Informal manners of drinking.
C. Formal manners at social gatherings.
D. Informal manners at social gatherings.
4. According to the passage, nowadays wearing a hat indoors can actually be viewed as ____D_____.
A. a revolution
B. social progress
C. a worsening situation
D. a return to the old tradition
5. According to the author, today wearing hats indoors, and wearing jeans at work mainly indicate that _______C__.
A. women are no longer inferior to men
B. people no longer pay attention to dressing details
C. people are getting more relaxed in terms of manners
D. some companies have lower requirements for their employees
2.）Questions 6 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Scientists and others in the psychological, sociological fields have asserted that humans use maybe 0.01 to 0.10 percent of our brain. Here is an easier way of understanding what that means.
First let us make it clear that mechanically you use 100 percent of your brain. Enhancing usage to its maximum is another subject. So when someone puts a percentage of use on the brain they do not mean that the other, say 90 percent, is not active or useless.
Think of it this way. Let's say your brain is a stereo (立体声音响). When you are using your stereo you are using 100 percent of it. If the volume knob (旋钮) is set at a 2 level, then you are not getting the same usage when compared to turning the volume knob to 8 or 10.
So what scientists are trying to get across to us is we have a lot more room in our cranium (头盖骨) to fill. We have more volume to boost. We are not even close to tapping our potential of brain power.
There is no physical data to determine in clear evidence the amount of usage the human brain has. However, there has been data that has shown that people have increased their brain power. Then there are the people who show mental abilities that are very rare. Some people with autism (自闭症), for example, have had the ability to calculate very high levels of math equations (方程式) without ever having learned how.
There are also more and more variables we are learning about the brain. Studies suggest that even though our brain is one as a whole, we evidently get production out of separate parts of the brain for different mental tasks. We have all heard of the right brain/left brain references for example.
So regardless of how you want to interpret the brain usage by percentage, the fact is that it is the most amazing gift we have. A computer is nothing compared to the human brain. And we can build upon our ability to get more out of it. So turn up the volume button and get the brain working.
6. What is the problem mainly talked about in this passage? C
A. More than 90 percent of our brain is not active.
B. More than 90 percent of our brain is not suitable for use.
C. More than 90 percent of our brain is not used to the maximum.
D. More than 90 percent of our brain use is not known to scientists.
7. In Paragraph 3, the author's main purpose is to ______C___.
A. give us instructions about how to better use a stereo
B. show the difference between volume levels in a stereo
C. make us understand why we are not fully using our brains
D. determine how loud music affects the functions of our brains
8. What do the scientists mean by "we have a lot more room in our cranium to fill" in Paragraph 4?
A. There is still some space for the brain to grow. B
B. There is still some potential in human brains to explore.
C. We still have a long way to go in the study of human brains.
D. We still have different opinions about the proper use of our brain.
9. What does the author try to show with the example of people with autism? B
A. The brain has an unlimited amount of usage.
B. Some people may have special mental abilities.
C. The brain has different parts to perform different tasks.
D. Some people may increase their brain power through learning.
10. What does the author encourage the reader to do in the last paragraph? D
A. Listen to more music.
B. Learn more about our brains.
C. Improve our computer skills.
D. Make more use of our brains.
3）Questions 11 to 15 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Between the 1950s and the early 1980s, the evolving role of Japanese women had been most obvious in their attitudes toward marriage and the family system. There had been a trend away from arranged marriages. Many young women admitted that they took paid employment mostly in order to find a husband on their own. In spite of this and other influences a 1982 figure showed that almost 40 percent of marriages were still arranged. This figure was, however, half the size of a 1955 survey which showed that almost 81 percent of marriages were arranged. Once married, many women in the early 1980s continued to work, and increasingly they returned to work after childbirth, something which was hard to imagine a generation before. A woman's role in the family was evolving as well, becoming more and more dominant.
Women had sought more personal satisfaction from their lives since 1950s. In the beginning of the1980s, during their lives before marriage women made up an almost free-wheeling (随心所欲) part of Japanese society. A survey of new brides reported that only 12 percent expected their marriage to be happy. At that time, Japanese still regarded marriage not as the peak of a romance but as a duty that was primarily social and practical in significance. As a result, Japanese women took full advantage of their years before marriage. Most women remained at home while working, living with their family in a sort of extended dependency. Japanese women, however, must be careful to maintain themselves within acceptable social standards, one woman being told, "If you act like that, you will not be wanted as a bride."
Once married a Japanese women found herself in a role opposite of the perceived sex roles in Japan –the female was dominant in the house. The relationship between the partners of a Japanese marriage clearly showed the evolving role of women. It must be remembered that a short one hundred years ago the attitude toward women was that "In everything she must obey her husband". By the early 1980s the role of women had changed: A Japanese woman had almost unquestioned power within the family system of today's Japan.
11. What is the passage mainly about? A
A. Changes in the role of Japanese women.
B. Changes in the styles of Japanese marriages.
C. Japanese women's struggle for independence.
D. Japanese women's increased power in their families.
12. What did the author say about Japanese women before the 1950s? B
A. Many women continued to work after marriage.
B. A majority of women had their marriages arranged.
C. Only less than half of women had arranged marriages.
D. Many women went to work in order to find a husband.
13. What was marriage in many Japanese people's eyes in the early 1980s? C
A. It was the end of their romance.
B. It was the beginning of a happy life.
C. It was a social responsibility one has to fulfill.
D. It was the highest point of their romantic relationship.
14. Which of the following was the main cause for most Japanese women in the early 1980s to take full advantage of their years before marriage?
A. They believed they would no longer have a happy life after marriage. A
B. They knew they could not be as dominant as before after getting married.
C. They should not go beyond acceptable social standards after marriage.
D. They would no longer have time to work after marriage.
15. "The perceived sex roles" in the last paragraph most probably refers to the fact that the wife_____A____.
A. had to obey the husband in the family
B. had to support the husband and his family
C. could make decisions on everything in the family
D. could question some of the husbands' decisions
4）Questions 16 to 20 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Earlier this week the UK clinical psychologist, Professor Tanya Byron, warned that parental paranoia about child safety could expose children to greater risks indoors. She warned that by denying (拒绝) children the opportunity to play outside, they are likely to face greater dangers inside from the Internet.
As we can see, there are far fewer kids out and about on street corners or in parks unaccompanied by adults. Obviously, the drive to reduce risks in children's lives has been firm.
So, in trying hard to keep their loved ones safe, are parents denying children the freedom they need to develop and grow up? Quite possibly so. There is a real danger that by over-protecting and over-supervising (监督) children: Society could be denying children the opportunity to grow up into capable, confident adults. But we should not blame parents for this. Parents are constantly being overwhelmed with warnings about the dreadful things that can happen to their children if they do not keep a watchful eye on them.
Now parents are asked to worry about the risks awaiting indoors when their children go online. But should they?
A 2006 national survey of teenagers found that more than half (55 percent) of US youngsters between 12 and 17 years of age use social networking sites such as Myspace and Facebook. Tanya Byron admits that the "concrete evidence of harm resulting from the Internet is fairly limited". Also, a literature review in 2008 shows that "there is a lack of information about any actual harm experienced by users of social networking sites". So why all this fear?
Of course, where there is freedom, there will always be "opportunities" for abusers and criminals. But every aspect of our lives poses potential risks, which ultimately we all need to learn to negotiate rather than try to eliminate. As Danah Boyd, a social media scholar,said at a conference, "There are potential risks on Myspace but it is important not to exaggerate them. The risks are not why youth are surging to the site. To them, the benefits for socialization outweigh the potential harm." Boyd argued that, although letting go and allowing youth to deal with risks is terrifying for parents, "it's necessary for youth to mature".
16. What does "paranoia" in the first paragraph most probably mean? B
A. A lack of attention to children's safety.
B. Too much concern about their children's safety.
C. Fight for their children's opportunity to play outside.
D. Permission for children to do many outdoor activities.
17. According to the passage, what may be the major consequence for parents not to allow their children to go outside to play?
A. The children may not know how to get to a park. D
B. The children may not know how to socialize with other people.
C. The children may blame their parents for their tight control.
D. The children may not be able to grow up into capable, confident adults.
18. In arguing that the Internet has limited harm on children, the author ______D____.
A. has simply presented his opinions
B. has provided quite many relevant statistics
C. has used examples to support his argument
D. has cited experts' opinions and research results
19. According to Danah Boyd, facing the situation that many children go online, parents should ________A____.
A. let their children face the situation on their own
B. find some measures to eliminate the risks for their children
C. fully inform their children of the possible risks they may have
D. discuss with their children and reach an agreement on Internet use
20. What is the main message the author tries to get across? A
A. Parents should stop over-protecting their children.
B. Parents should let their children grow up on their own.
C. Parents should monitor their children's indoor behavior more.
D. Parents should work hard to reduce risks in their children's lives.
5）Questions 21 to 25 are based on the same passage or dialog.
Leadership is the ability of a person to guide people in a group toward achieving a task at hand. I believe that leaders are made; they are not born and a person can always be a good leader if he makes full use of the following list of leadership strengths.
Firstly, task execution (实施) is one of the most important leadership strengths. Coming up with a brilliant idea and executing that idea are two completely different things. Bringing an idea to life is a lot easier said than done. An idea really comes to life only when it is executed to perfection. For this, you need to be a team player. There is a fine line between having followers that follow you out of respect and having followers that follow you because they have no choice. Any kind of disagreement in the team will affect the end result and the efficiency of performing the task.
Secondly, before you go on to put any kind of strategy into place, you need to understand and envision what you wish to achieve. This is important because the expectations of the entire group will ride on your shoulders. Thus, one of the important leadership strengths is to have a very clear vision about how to go about a task at hand, keeping the long-term and short-term goals and consequences in mind. You need to be practical yet optimistic about the possibilities involved in any task and must take into consideration all the risks involved.
Thirdly, being the leader does not mean that you own the people you work with. Many people tend to get carried away and do not listen to their team members. This can go against them as the team members then tend to lose respect for their leader. You need to genuinely listen to your team members because they are the only ones that will tell you if you go wrong at any point of time. Furthermore, listening will make sure that you connect with your team members on a personal level, which will improve the performance of your team greatly.
21. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the leadership strengths?
A. Lending an ear to team members. C
B. Performing a task in a perfect way.
C. Accepting mistakes with good grace.
D. Planning for the future with a clear goal.
22. According to Paragraph 2, a good leader should _______B____.
A. lead his followers with absolute authority
B. make his followers follow him out of respect
C. be able to find out who is a true follower in the team
D. focus on creating new ideas instead of executing them
23. What does "envision" most probably mean in Paragraph 3? D
A. To remain optimistic about future results.
B. To focus all his attention on long-term goals.
C. To meet the expectations of the entire team members.
D. To forecast the possible achievements and consequences.
24. Which of the following should be avoided as a good leader? D
A. Holding a realistic attitude.
B. Considering short-term goals.
C. Thinking about the bad results of a plan.
D. Ignoring disagreement from his team members.
25. What is the author's attitude about becoming a good leader? C
A. You can be a good leader if you have talents.
B. You can be a good leader if you have a good team.
C. You can be a good leader if you acquire the essential skills.
D. You can be a good leader as long as you are determined to be one.
全新版第二版第一册u n i t8课文翻译
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论
Uｎiｔ8 课文翻译 课文A Refleｃtｉonｓof ａChｉnｅse ｍother iｎｔhe West 一位西方华裔母亲得思考 1.很多人想了解中国父母就是如何培养出如此成功得孩子得。她们想知道,为什么这些中国父母能养育出那么多天分极佳得孩子,她们就是否也能培养出这样得孩子呢? 2.事实就是,中国父母得做法,对固执己见得西方人来说,令人愤慨,难以想象,甚至就是违法得、中国母亲可以不客气地对正在狼吞虎咽得肥胖孩子说:“喂,小胖子,您要减肥了。”与此相反,西方父母必须体谅地、小心翼翼而拐弯抹角地谈及“健康”,而且永远都不会提及“胖"字、结果,孩子还就是因为饮食紊乱与消极得自我评价得去求医问药。长期以来我一直苦思冥想,中国父母这样做就是如何能够全身而退得,我认为中西方得父母之间存在三种意识形态上得差异。 3.首先,我注意到西方父母呵护子女得自尊,使她们免受一切批评。她们担心孩子失败后得感受,于就是不断尽其所能解除子女得忧虑,而不管其表现如何糟糕。西方父母认为孩子就是娇弱得,不够坚强,因此她们得行为也就与中国父母大相径庭了。 4.举个例子,如果一个孩子考试得了个Aˉ回家,西方父母很可能会表扬孩子。而对中国母亲来说, Aˉ根本不算什么好成绩;她还会不快地叹气,问到底出了什么问题。如果孩子得了Ｂ回家,一些西方父母尽管十分不情愿,仍然会表扬孩子。其她西方父母会表达出不满,但不会质疑孩子得智力,或贸然说孩子“笨蛋”、“一文不值”或“太可恶了”、而私下里,西方父母可能会感到担心,但绝不会让孩子们知道、 5.如果中国孩子得了B,不管什么科目,首先面临得就就是一声尖叫与恼怒得爆发、中国母亲会更加不遗余力地找来几十也许几百套得测验题,不惜采取手头任何办法来让自己孩子得成绩提高到Ａ。 6.中国父母要求完美得成绩,因为她们理所当然地认为孩子完全可以做到,而且分数就是比“自尊”更为重要得衡量成功得标准、如果孩子没拿到全A,中国父母就认为这就是因为孩子不够努力。这就就是为什么对表现欠佳得孩子,父母总就是会施以惩罚与辱骂。中国家长相信孩子足够坚强,能够承受羞辱,并会由此进步。 7.其次,中国父母认为孩子欠她们一切。这种瞧法得原因尚不清楚,也许就是儒家“忠”得信条,再加上父母为子女牺牲诸多这一事实。因此,中国孩子必须听从父母教导,使她们自豪,终其一生回报她们。 8.中西方理念碰撞得另一领域就是,西方人大多认为子女无须永远感激父母。我丈夫就是个西方人,实际上就持有这种相反观点。“孩子又不能选择自己得父母,”她曾对我说过、“她们
第八单元 Grinding is a manufacturing process that involves the removal of metal by employing a rotating abrasive wheel. The latter simulates a milling cutter with an extremely large number of miniature cutting edges. 磨削是通过采用旋转磨轮去除金属的制造工艺。磨轮用非常大量的微型切削刃模仿铣刀进行切削。Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. 一般而言，磨削被认为是一种通常用于获得高尺寸精度和较好表面光洁度的精加工作业。磨削通过采用被称为磨床的特殊机床能在平面、圆柱面甚至内表面上进行。 Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground, e.g., cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines. 显然，磨床根据结构和功能的不同有所区别，使用何种形式的磨床主要取决于被磨削表面的几何形状和物理性质。例如，圆柱面在外圆磨床上磨削。 ?Type of Grinding Operations 磨削作业的类型 1. Surface grinding. As the name surface grinding suggests, this operation involves grinding of flat or plane surfaces. Fig.8.1 indicates the two possible variations, either a horizontal or vertical machine spindle. 1.表面磨削：就像其名称暗示的那样，表面磨削和平面磨削直接有关。图8.1表示了两种可能的变化：卧式磨床主轴或立式磨床主轴。 In the first case (horizontal spindle), the machine usually has a planer-type reciprocating table on which the workpiece is held. However, grinding machines with vertical spindles can have either a planer type table like that of the horizontal-spindle machine or a rotating worktable. 在第一种情况(卧式主轴)，卧式磨床通常具有安装工件的刨床式往复工作台。而立式主轴磨床既可以像卧式主轴磨床那样具有刨床式工作台也可以具有旋转工作台。 Also, the grinding action in this case is achieved by the end face of the grinding wheel (Fig.8.1b), contrary to the case of horizontal-spindle machines, where the workpieces ground by the periphery of the grinding wheel. 而且在这种情况下，磨削动作是通过砂轮端面完成的(图8.1b)，这与通过砂轮周边磨削工件的卧式主轴磨床正好相反。 Fig.8.1a and b also indicate the equations to be used for estimating the different parameters of the grinding operation, such as the machining time and the rate of metal removal. 图8.1a和b同时简述了用于估计诸如加工时间和金属去除率之类的磨削作业不同参数的方程式。 During the surface-grinding operations, heavy workpieces are either held in fixtures or clamped on the machine table by strap clamps and the like, whereas smaller workpieces are usually held by magnetic chucks. 在平面磨削时，重的工件用夹具固定或用压板等夹紧在磨床工作台上，而小的工件则通常是用电磁卡盘固定的。2. Cylindrical grinding. In cylindrical grinding, the workpiece is held between centers during the grinding operation, and the wheel rotation is the source and cause for the rotary cutting motion, as shown in Fig.8.2. In fact, cylindrical grinding can be carried out by employing any of the following methods: 2. 圆柱面磨削：在圆柱面磨削中，作业时工件支撑在两顶尖之间，砂轮转动是导致回转切削运动的动力源，如图8.2所示。实际上，圆柱面磨削能通过采用下列任意方法来实现： (1) The transverse method, in which both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate and longitudinal linear feed is applied to enable grinding of the whole length. The depth of cut is adjusted by the cross feed of the grinding wheel into the workpiece. (1) 横向方法：这种方法中砂轮与工件均旋转且采用线性纵向进给以保证能磨削整个长度。切削深度通过改变砂轮
英语七年级上册 课题：Unit8 Section A 1a—2d命题人：审核人： 班级：姓名：座号：成绩： I.词海拾贝 1.一月份 _________ 2.二月份_________ 3.四月份_________ 4.十二月份 __________ 5.九月份__________ 6.十月份 ____________ 7.生日 __________ 8.二号_________ 9.第九__________ 10.第三11.第一 12.第十一 13.第五 14.第二十 15.第三十一 II.英汉互译 1.八月十五日 2.在七月 3.在六月九日 4.几岁 5.学校郊游 6.英语测试 7.basketball game _________ 8.birthday party ___________ III.根据汉语完成句子 1.你的生日是什么时候？ is your ? 2.我弟弟的生日是在11月六日。 My birthday is 6th . 3.你几岁了？ are you? 4.什么时候数学考试？ is the math ? 5.我的姐姐不喜欢十二月。 My sister like . IV.选择填空 ( ) 1.---My birthday is ____ A.April one B.April the one C. April 1st ( ) 2.____ birthday is July 15th . A. My brother’s B. My brothers C. My brother ( ) 3.--- ____ do you go to school ? ----______ September 1st . A. When ; On B. How; In C. When ; In ( ) 4.---When is your father’s birthday ? ---_____ birthday is January 2nd. A. She B. Her C. His ( )5.The third month is ? A. January B. March C. April
unit8 section A 2d A: Sam, I want to make a Russian soup for a party on Saturday. Can you tell me how? B: Sure. First, buy some beef, one cabbage, four carrots, three potatoes, five tomatoes and one onion. Then, cut up the vegetables. A: What's next? B: Next, put the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water. After that, cook them for 30 minutes. Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes. A: OK, that's it? B: No, one more thing. Finally, don't forget to add some salt. unit8 section B 2b Thanksgiving in North America In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays. A special day in North America is Thanksgiving. In the United States, this festival is always on the fourth Thursday in November, but in Canada it falls on the second Monday in October. Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn and other good things people enjoy in life. Families see Thanksgiving as a time to get together and usually celebrate it with a big family meal. The main dish of this meal is almost always turkey, a large bird. To go with the turkey, people often prepare other
Unit8 课文翻译 课文A Reflections of a Chinese mother in the West 一位西方华裔母亲的思考 1. 很多人想了解中国父母是如何培养出如此成功的孩子的。他们想知道，为什么这些中国父母能养育出那么多天分极佳的孩子，他们是否也能培养出这样的孩子呢？ 2. 事实是，中国父母的做法，对固执己见的西方人来说，令人愤慨，难以想象，甚至是违法的。中国母亲可以不客气地对正在狼吞虎咽的肥胖孩子说：“喂，小胖子，你要减肥了。”与此相反，西方父母必须体谅地、小心翼翼而拐弯抹角地谈及“健康” ，而且永远都不会提及“胖” 字。结果，孩子还是因为饮食紊乱和消极的自我评价得去求医问药。长期以来我一直苦思冥想，中国父母这样做是如何能够全身而退的，我认为中西方的父母之间存在三种意识形态上的差异。 3. 首先，我注意到西方父母呵护子女的自尊，使他们免受一切批评。他们担心孩子失败后的感受，于是不断尽其所能解除子女的忧虑，而不管其表现如何糟糕。西方父母认为孩子是娇弱的，不够坚强，因此他们的行为也就与中国父母大相径庭了。 4. 举个例子，如果一个孩子考试得了个A一回家，西方父母很可能会表扬孩子。而对中国 母亲来说，A一根本不算什么好成绩；她还会不快地叹气，问到底出了什么问题。如果孩子得了B 回家，一些西方父母尽管十分不情愿，仍然会表扬孩子。其他西方父母会表达出不满，但不会质疑孩子的智力，或贸然说孩子“笨蛋” 、“一文不值”或“太可恶了” 。而私下里，西方父母可能会感到担心，但绝不会让孩子们知道。 5. 如果中国孩子得了B,不管什么科目，首先面临的就是一声尖叫和恼怒的爆发。中国母亲会更加不遗余力地找来几十也许几百套的测验题，不惜采取手头任何办法来让自己孩子的成绩提高到A。 6. 中国父母要求完美的成绩，因为他们理所当然地认为孩子完全可以做到，而且分数是比“自 尊”更为重要的衡量成功的标准。如果孩子没拿到全A,中国父母就认为这是因为孩子不 够努力。这就是为什么对表现欠佳的孩子，父母总是会施以惩罚和辱骂。中国家长相信孩子足够坚强，能够承受羞辱，并会由此进步。 7. 其次，中国父母认为孩子欠他们一切。这种看法的原因尚不清楚，也许是儒家“忠”的信条，再加上父母为子女牺牲诸多这一事实。因此，中国孩子必须听从父母教导，使他们自豪，终其一生回报他们。 8. 中西方理念碰撞的另一领域是，西方人大多认为子女无须永远感激父母。我丈夫是个西方人，实际上就持有这种相反观点。“孩子又不能选择自己的父母，”他曾对我说过。“他们连
八年级上学期学期英语集体备课教案 主 备 人 复备人八年级组上课日期总5课时 课题Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? The First Period Section A（1a-2c） 第1课时 教学目标Teaching aims（教学目标） 1. 掌握和食物有关的可数名词和不可数名词以及how much/many用法。 2. 学会使用祈使句并正确使用first, then, next, finally等连接词。 3. 能够描述制作一种家庭食品的过程。 重点1．Words and target language. 2. 要求掌握以下句式: How do you make a banana milk shake? First,... Then,... Next,... Finally,... 集体研讨 个性施教 难点1．Target language. Before class, students study in their group. 2．熟练使用first ,then, next, finally等连接词描述某种过程 教学过Step 1 New word learning: 1.Check what students have learned before class. 2．try to remember the new words and expressions. Step 2. Greet. 1. Let’s begin our class. Say like me. “good, better, best, we can do the best.” 2. Lead in. What’s your favorite food? What’s your favorite drink?Do you like milk shake? T：How to make a banana milk shake? What ingredients and tools do we need? 2.Read the sentences together. Step 3 . Work on 1a. 1. Ss read the activities and look at the pictures. And put these instructions in the correct order. 2. Check the answers with Ss. 3.Now read the six imperatives (祈使句) aloud. Step 4:1b 1.Listen and put the instructions in order. 2.Read in pairs and remember.小组一起读，并要求记住。 3.Try to complete the missing parts. (教师可以把first , then, next, now, finally写在黑板上，以达到降低难度和强 化重点的作用) Step5: presentation(略) （本节课 的生词较 少，而且 单词的拼 写比较简 单，所以 学生学起 来不会感 到困难， 如果班级 学生的水 平较高， 学生当堂 掌握。） (教师放录 音，因为对 话简单教 师可以在 放完一遍 录音以后 就订正答 案)
Unit 8 1.How did they find so many __________ (treasure)? 2.This storybook is about seven boys __________ up a farm. (grow) 3.Please read the passage as __________ as you can. (quick) 4.The cannibal had two large __________ (foot). 5.–Whose book is this? –It may belong to __________. (Mary) 6.Miss Brown can speak __________ very well. She lives in ___________. She is a __________. (French) 7.Modern __________ (技术) is developing very quickly these days. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c812685331.html,ugh 1)The house is always full of _________. 2)The children talked and __________ in the party. 9.beauty 1)Words can’t describe the __________ of the scene. 2)Mount Huang is one of the ___________ mountains in China. 3)He played the music __________. 10.south 1)My grandparents live in the __________ part of America. 2)Hainan is in the __________ of China. 3)Hainan is in __________ China. 11.full/fill 1)The classroom was __________ of students. 2)The basket is __________ with apples by the old man. 12.break 1)I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a __________ ship. 2)We take __________ after the second class in the morning. 13.tradition 1)Mid-Autumn Day is a __________ festival in China. 2)Eating moon cakes is the __________ of China on Mid-Autumn Day.
The boy was at first delighted to discover the present his mother had hidden away as his Christmas gift. But then he began to worry that his mother would now no longer have the pleasure of giving him a surprise. What was he to do 发现了母亲为他藏好的圣诞礼物男孩起先很高兴。但接着他就开始担心，妈妈将因此失去给他一个惊喜的喜悦。他该怎么办呢 Magician at Stretching a Dollar Russell Baker 1RT That December, with Christmas approaching, she was out at work and Doris was in the kitchen when I let myself into her bedroom one afternoon in search of a safety pin. Since her bedroom opened onto a community hallway, she kept the door locked, but needing the pin, I took the key from its hiding place, unlocked the door and stepped in. Standing against the wall was a big, black bicycle with balloon tires. I recognized it instantly. It was the same second-hand bike I'd been admiring in a Baltimore Street shop window. I'd even asked about the price. It was a shock. Something like $15. Somehow my mother had scraped together enough for a down payment and meant to surprise me with the bicycle on Christmas morning. 那年的十二月，圣诞节临近了。一天下午，妈妈在外面上班，妹妹多丽丝在厨房里，我为了找一枚安全别针而开门走进了妈妈的卧室。因为她的卧室门正对着共用的走廊，她总是把门锁着，但我因为需要别针，便从藏钥匙的地方取出钥匙，打开门，走了进去。只见靠墙立着一辆低压轮胎的、大的黑色自行车。我一下子就认出了它。这正是那摆在巴尔的摩大街一家商店橱窗里一直让我羡慕不已的二手车。我甚至还问过这辆车的价钱。简直贵得吓人。差不多要十五块钱。妈妈想办法凑足了首付款，打算在圣诞节早晨拿这辆自行车给我一个惊喜。 I was deeply moved by the discovery and yet sickened by the knowledge that, bursting into her room like this, I had robbed her of the pleasure of seeing me
A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论着家中的许多疾病；镇上的医生也越来越因病人中出现的新的病症而感到迷惑。在成人和孩子中发生了好几起突发的不明其由的死亡，那些孩子在玩耍中突然病倒，几小时后就死去了。 There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example - where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh 这里是一派奇怪的寂静。就说鸟儿们吧---它们都去哪儿了？许多人说起鸟儿的时候都充满了迷惑与不安。他们后院的饲养站已经没有鸟儿光顾了。随处能见到的几只鸟都奄奄一息。他们猛烈地颤抖，却飞不起来。这是一个无声的春天。曾经是震动着画眉鸟、猫鸟、鸽子、樫鸟、欧鹪和许多鸟儿的黎明合唱声的清晨如今却寂然无声。田野间、树林中和沼泽地里也是一片寂静。 On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs - the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit. 在农庄，母鸡下蛋却孵不出小鸡。农夫们抱怨无法养猪，因为刚生下的猪崽太小了，小猪也只能活几天的功夫。苹果树开花了，可是没有蜜蜂在花丛中嗡嗡地采蜜，没有蜜蜂的授粉，也就没有任何果子。 The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them,
Unit 8 单元测试题 Written test part (共95分) Ⅴ. 单项选择（每小题1分，共15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 ( )21. Ten children had a picnic near the lake. Li Yun was the only girl _______ the picnic. A. with B. for C. at D. in ( )22. —What’s the _______ of this v isit? —To learn about the local custom. A. period B. problemb C. purpose D. process ( )23. —_______ new suit is this? —I think it may be Bob’s. He bought one last week. A. Who B. Which C. What D. Whose ( )24. —Jenny, you’re wanted on the phone. It’s from Beijing. —You’re joking. I don’t know _______ in Beijing. A. anybody B. somebody C. nobody D. everybody ( )25. —Linda seems very sad. —Of course. She lost her mobile phone and it is _______ for her. A. enjoyable B. comfortable C.available D. valuable ( )26. I didn’t go to bed until 11:30 last night. That’s why I’m so _______ now. A. wonderful B. awful C. sleep D. lively ( )27. There isn’t _______ about this book. You don’t need to buy it. A. something special B. anything special C. special anything D. special something ( )28. Every year Jiuzhaigou _______ tons of visitors from all over the world. A. allows B. introduces C. accepts D. receives ( )29. —Why did Ruth’s mother _______ her going out to play? —Because she hasn’t finished her homework. A.advise B. promise C. keep D. prevent ( )30. —Look at the man beside the black car. Is he Mr. Jackson?