00015英语（二）》新题型考试技巧
前言
在你打算阅读以下前，先问心自问自己有多少词汇量，没有词汇量您最好回去找本词汇书啃啃·再好的技巧，也要点词汇量，英语二这个词汇量基本上等于四级，只少不多，
但绝对高于高中的3000，而且新题型基本上是通篇阅读，什么意思呢··就是要不懂语法压根就没关系，主语谓语那是个什么东西压根不重要，重要的是十几个单词拼在一起组成的个句子，你能翻译过来，理解他的大概意思就OK, 关于如何背单词，还有在文中猜单词意思就先不在这块说了·因为每个人背单词的方法各不相同，感兴趣的可以私聊交流下，今天主要是把自己整理总结的一些应试技巧分享给大家，
愿这些方法能够帮助大家榜上有分···
第一部分——阅读判断题
考试容是根据给出的一篇短文提供的信息，对10个述句做出判断：Right(对)， Wrong(错)， Not Mentioned(未提及)。也就是在A、对，B、错，C、未提及，三个选项中选一个正确的答案。由于不类题目本身是不完善、不严密，存在着一定的缺陷，所以，做起来很容易模棱两可，较难把握。最麻烦的是，判断对、错及不提及，仅就原文所给的信息做出，与生活常识、平时知识理论没有任何关系，所以容易误导我们做出错误判断。在没有把握读懂原文的情况下，只有抓住大多数选项的规律，并掌握做题技巧，才能争取多选择正确的选项和多拿分。由于这类题是是非题，只要确定了一个选项就行了，所以，我们只需要根据原文的信息对给出的述句做出是非判断就行了。
(注意：本题有个重要规章就是，原文为大！假如有题说pigs in trees 猪会上树还会飞，千万别以常识选错，如果原文没有提到这件事应该选的是Not Mentioned(未提及))
1、做题步骤技巧：
做题总思路：先看各选项给出的述句容并找出其关键词，接着浏览原文找出与述句关键词相关的句子或述句的出处位置，最后根据原文文意和其规律进行对比并做出是非判断。
(1)第一步：仔细考究和确定各述句容的关键词。对不认识的关键词可直接查字典。
关键词的确定可根据：
一是名词(含专有名词)或名词性短语;
二是形容词、副词与其短语及其比较级;
三是数字和年代;
四是在文章中出现较少的前三项单词;
五是一目了然、容易找并有利于确定答案的单词;
六是述句的中心词;
七是短语优先于单词作为关键词;
八是数字和比较级优先于其原级与其它单词;
九是文章标题中的、文章出现较多的单词以及动词一般不是关键词。
(2)第二步：从头到尾快速游览原文，根据关键词找出与该述句关系最密切(关联)的原文句子(可能是一句或几句话)，或是句型相似、意思相同(相近、相反)。
方法是：一是将关键词与原文的每段话第一句、中间句或最后一句相对照，把述句定位到原文的某一段落后再确定与其关联的句子;一是直接根据述句的意思、句型和其所有的关键词一步到位，找出与述句关联的原文句子;
(3)第三步：仔细阅读与述句关联的句子(一句或几句话)，根据这些句子的信息及其规律与述句进行比较，运用下面介绍的做题技巧做出正确有判断。
2、做题步骤技巧注意事项:
(1)绝不可用先阅读原文后做题的步骤和方法;
(2)可以充分利用字典对关键词或关联句子进行翻译;
(3)注意7道述句的顺序，也就是说7道述句的出处是有顺序的，第一道题的答案应在文章的前部，第二道题的答案应在第一道题的答案之后，靠前的题应在靠前的段落寻找答案，靠后的题应在靠后的段落寻找答案。这个规律有助于我们快速确定答案的位置，切记!
3、做题技巧(做出判断的方法):
由(1)选Right(对)的情况有：
1)述句是对原文关联句子的同义改写或相同意思的另一种表达;
常见的方式有：
A、关键词是同义词或同义结构(如词汇选项一样)，这可利用字典解决;
B、关键词是反义词(如加否定前缀un-，dis-，mis-，non-，ir-，il-等或后缀-less)，而述句又用了否定的形式;
C、述句完全是对关联句子相同意思的另一种表达，或是对关联句子的某一重要词的解释;
2)述句是对原文中几个关联句子意思的必然性推断或是归纳和总结;(这种情况一般是出现了相关联的几个句子，那么只有选对与错，如果关联句子之间意思是相反的，则只能是错的)，
常见方式有：
A、出现与述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是互相补充的关系;
B、出现与述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是递进关系;
C、出现与述句相关联的几个句子，各个句子之间是对关键词的说明、解析。
(2)选Wrong(错)的情况有：(重点放在数词、副词、形容词和连词上)
1)述句与关联句子词义或意思相反;
常见方式有：
A、述句关键词与关联句子单词是反义词(单词加否定的前缀或后缀);
B、述句或关联句子用了否定或相反意思的副词(not，no)、形容词表示相反意思;
C、两者意思表达完全相反或者出入很大，要特别注意数字前后的连词、副词和形容词及短语(如
nearly,neither.nor,at least等等)
2)述句与关联句子使用了表示大小、多少、围、频率、可能性和可靠性等不同程度和状态的副词、形容词和连词;
常见方式有：
A、两者只有一方使用了表示不同程度和状态的副词、形容词或连词，如much,some,many,a
few,little,seldom,nearly,sometimes,almost,always,usually,all,unlikely,impossible等等;
B、两者双方都使用了表示不同程度和状态和副词、形容词或连词，但它们意思出入较大，如关联句子用some,many,a few,little,seldom,nearly, unlikely等，述句却用sometimes，almost，always，usually，all，impossible等;
3)关联句子是并列的多个条件，但述句只是其中一个条件(也就是选项中出现了must，only，need，have to等);
常见方式有：
A、述句子中有must，only，need，have to等表示绝对肯定一种情况的单词;
B、关联句子中有both，and，or，neither，nor，also，too等表示两种或多种情况的单词;
4)原文关联句子中包含条件状语的单词(如出现if，unless，until，in，with，but for，except for，as as，whereas，whenever等)，但述句中却没有条件成分，反之亦然。
5)原文关联句子是人们的主观感觉，而述句却是客观事实或被证实的事实，反之亦然，常出现feel，think，hope，consider，theory，fact，prove等等。
6)述句中若出现must，need，only，all，always，almost等单词时，一般不会是对的;
7)原文关联句子有几个，但意思相反。
如果以上太难记忆，我们可以直接记住以上的单词，一有出现，就直接选错，命中率也是很高的。
(3)选Not Mentioned(不提及)的情况有：
1)述句中的某些容在原文中没有提及或找不到依据，即是与原文无关;
2)述句中涉及的围小于原文关联句子的围，即是述句描写的容更加具体、更加详尽;如原文关联句子：I come from China.(我来自中国)，述句：I come from Guangdong City of China.(我来自中国省);
3)原文关联句子没有比较级，而述句中却用比较级;
4)原文关联句子是表示目的、愿望、发誓、想法、假想等主观意愿(如出现aim，purpose，promise，swear，vow或虚拟语气would，could等)，述句却用实义动词。如原文关联句子：My brother promised he would never come back..(我兄弟保证将永不回来)，述句子My brother never came back.(我兄弟再没有回来过).
当然，一般情况下，选Not Mentioned(不提及)的情况占的比例是较少的，但若的确找不到原文关联句子或且在原文中的确没有提及到述句的容时，最好还是选它。
4、做题的注意事项和要求：
(1)绝对忠于原文。由于这种判断题增加了Not Mentioned(不提及)选项，所以，原文是判断答案的唯一依据，不能凭借任何自己的知识进行想当然的做题。即使述句说“人是猴子变的”，如果原文没有说，也只能答Not Mentioned(不提及)，而不能凭常识答选Wrong(错);
(2)三个选项只有唯一性，没有可能性，对就对，错就错，不提及就是不提及。如果有提及但又没有绝对判断是对的把握，建议选错;如果在原文中与错对都没有关系或者在原文中没有涉及的，建议选不提及;
(3)一般情况下，7道题三种答案都要出现，其中对错出现的机率大，Not Mentioned(不提及)只有在没有办法确定时才作为最后的选择，如果三种情况都有可能时，建设你选选Wrong(错);
(4)可能连续三题答案都一样，但连续四题答案都一样的情况甚少;
(5)绝对相信自己的第一感觉，只有完全肯定做错了才可以改答案;
(6)没有把握时选Wrong(错)，没有涉及时选Not Mentioned(不提及);
(7)不要想当然或钻牛角尖，考试时没有把握时，按以上的技巧和要求去做就行了。
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第二部分——阅读理解
1、熟记教材文章练习题的正确答案，重点掌握去年教材上没有的新增文章，考试时先找教材上的文章，做出来。
2、其他文章，先作考试题目中有人名、地名、国家名、数字、年代等专有名词的题。
3、勾画出考试题目中的关键词，然后到文章中找一样的关键词定位。
4、定位关键词后，对比文章中关键词附近的词或词组，与答案选项中词或者词组重合的最多的即为正确答案。（就像玩拼图游戏，考察你的眼力！ˇ?ˇ）
.5、如果你无法定位关键词，则：
1、如有选项为“以上X项皆是”，即为正确答案，
.2、看四个答案选项中有无大部分相似的。如有，若意思完全相反的其中一个必是答案；若意思并非相反的则
较长选项为答案，如没有大部分相似的，则最长的选项为答案。
6、如果考试题目是问文章主旨（如作者的观点，替换文章标题等）的，则需要细读文章题目，每段第一句和文章最后一句，并大致搞清意思。然后选择意思最接近的一项答案。
7、一般考试题目的顺序与文章段落的顺序大体一致，定位关键词不是难事，这就象让我在人群中找出一个陌生人很难，但是让我拿着他的照片去找就容易多了。
8、正确答案必定与问题有关，答案中的词或者词组必定出现在文中关键词的附近！
不需要阅读试题全文，只需要细读文章题目、每段第一句和文章最后一句，文章主旨就在其中！
阅读理解题主要是考查我们：掌握短文主旨和大意的能力;掌握了解说明短文主旨和大意的事实和细节的能力;具有一定的判断和推理能力;具有一定的归纳和总结能力;具有较严密的逻辑推理能力，能通过理解上下文的逻
辑关系，做出正确的推论，并把握文章的旨意等等。在试题中，这些能力又可分为以下一些阅读技能：了解短
文表达的一些概念或细节;理解作者的写作意图、观点和态度;了解短文表达的中心思想、旨意或大意;理解短文隐含要表达的概念和意图;句子层次和篇章层次上的理解;猜测词或短语的意思;掌握一些敏感的信息等等。据统计，历次考题中，都出现了以上所述的各项阅读技能，并且，“解短文表达的一些概念或细节;理解作者的写作意图、观点和态度;了解短文表达的中心思想、旨意或大意”这三项就占了总题量的三分之二之多。所以，要做好阅读理解题，最关键的是提高阅读技能和掌握做题技巧。这要求我们在阅读时，不仅要注意对单个句子的理解，而且更要注意语篇上的理解，只有掌握了阅读的技艺，才能提高获取有用信息的能力，才能处理好阅读材料。
1、做题总思路：
要做好阅读理解题，最关键的是提高阅读技能和掌握做题技巧。这样，我们就要根据考试考试阅读理解的
特点，把握考点、熟悉考题题型、掌握阅读技能和做题步骤与技巧，从而提高应试的综合考试技巧和能力。
2、做题步骤及技巧：
这类题的做题步骤分四步走：
首先是通读一遍考题及其选项，分析考题的题型以及其出题意图(主要是关键词)是考(问)什么容的，划出各选
项的关键词及写出其大意;
其次是快速浏览一遍原文，了解短文的大意或中心思想，划出各考点;
再次是根据考题的题型和关键词以及其选项的关键词，确定考题的出处：在哪一段落，并划出该段落的考点，
找出该段落的中心句或中心词;最后是对照考题意图、选项和考点以及该段落的中心句或中心词所涵含的细节容和意思，运用做题技巧，对选项做出正确选择。这几步的关键是确定考题的出处在哪一段落。
(1)：通读考题及其选项。分析考题的题型以及其出题意图(主要是关键词)是考(问)什么容的，划出各选项的关键词及写出其大意。这首先要求我们要熟悉考试考试的题型，根据期考试要求和特点，考试考试阅读理解
的题型大部分较为稳定，所以，我们弄清楚了常见的考题题型，掌握了这些题型的出题方法和做题技巧，就基
本上掌握了其出题的意图，从而为找出正确答案就容易多了。
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第三部分——概括大意和完成句子
1、“概括大意”部分
它是考题第23-26题，是要求就给定要考的短文(原文)四个段落进行概括段落大意，在六个给出的选项中分别
选出与其各段落大意相符的选项句子，也就是在6个选项句子中选出与要考的段落大意(中心思想、主题或核心容)一致的正确答案，6个选项中有两个干扰项，短文中只考4个段落。如何让4上选项正确的对号入座呢?
这类题的关键是首先要确定各选项句子的关键词，
接着是确定能体现要考段落大意的中心句或中心词，
最后是用选项关键词与中心句、中心词进行对比，一个个确定正确答案。
(1)做题步骤及技巧：
做题总思路：目标明确，直奔主题。做这类题就是要在6个选项中确定4个与要考4个段落大意相一致的
正确答案，只需要考虑4个要考段落和6个选项，所以，我们要采用把段落变成句子，把句子变成单词的化整
为零的方法来做。做这类题的总思路就是：首先确定各6个选项句子的关键词，接着是确定能体现要考段落大
意的中心句或中心词，最后是用选项关键词与中心句、中心词进行对比，意思相同或相近者就是了。做此类题
分以下4步走：
1)第一步：一步到位，快速确定6个选项的关键词。由于是概括段落大意，选项句子的关键词一定是实义词，一般也就是句子的名词(专有名词)、数词及其短语。确定选项句子关键词的方法可参照“阅读判断题”的“做题步骤技巧的第一步”的方法，两者基本雷同，并且确定选项关键词更简单，就是实义词。这一步，只需
要把实义词快速勾划出来，做个明显标志就行了，(当然，要明白关键词意思，你可千万别忘了你带的字典哟)。
2)第二步：准确找出要考段落，仔细推敲该段落，确定该段落的中心句或中心词。这是最重要的一步。确
定段落中心句或中心词按以下技巧进行：
A、确定段落中心句的技巧有：
(A1)按该段落的第一句、第二句、最后一句、最后二句、长句、段中句、整段阅读顺序进行寻找确定，如
果最后都确定不了，那就要寻找中心词了。按统计，段落中心句是第一句的可能性超过50%，第二句超过20%，最后一句超过20%，需要整段阅读的不到10%，因为按写作手法，一般文章都是采用归纳法或演绎法的，所以一般段落的中心句是在段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句。因此，你读各考段就得先用这“三把爷”，先读为快，快速确定其中心句;
(A2)问句不会是中心句。问句常用作过渡句子，所以，如果段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是问句，可
以省略不读，它们不会是中心句;
(A3)举例子的句子不会是中心句。鬼佬的文章喜欢用例证来以例服人，他们常用以for example,such as
等短语引出例句来说明自己的观点。所以，如果段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是举例子的句子，可以省略
不读，肯定不是中心句;
(A4)并列关系说明的几个句子不会是中心句。并列说明的几个句子在一起是用了演绎或归纳的方法来证明
某一观点，它们本身不可能是中心句，一般常用first，second，third，one，two等序数词引出，所以，如果段落的第一句、第二句或最后一句是并列关系的句子，可以省略不读，肯定不是中心句;
(A5)如果中心句是复合句(较复杂较长)，其重点(中心)应在其主句部分。若复合句是表示转折、层进或承
上启下等关系的从句，其主句就是从句的后一部分。如although，but，despite，while，not only…but also，so，thus等引导的从句，其后面从句就是主句;
(A6)如果中心句是由某个表示说明、表明(如show，think，suggest等)等指引性动词引出的宾语从句(用that引出)，其重点(中心)应在宾语从句部分。
B、如果按以上方法都不能确定或较难确定中心句，为了节约时间，可以快速浏览段落，直接确定段落中心词。一般段落中心词是实义词，基本是名词(含专有名词)或代词，如果是代词，就需要看该段的前一段，看它
代替的是什么意思。其方法有：
(A)反复出现的词(名词或代词);
(B)首次出现的词(名词)，就是上一段没有出现、下一段又有出现的词;
(C)括号里的词;
(D)引号里的词;
(E)省略号、冒号或介词矩语后面的词;
(F)黑体字、斜体字等加着重符号的单词。
3)第三步：小心印证，用选项关键词与中心句、中心词进行对比，采用综合分析和排除法，找出意思相同、简
化或相近、相似的选项，确定正确答案。这是最关键的一步。我们采用每确定一段落中心句或中心词就做一道
题并确定某一个选项的方法，以此类推，而不是等到找了所有该考段落的中心句或中心词才一起做的方法。我
们采用每确定一段落中心句或中心词就与6个选项各选项关键对于对照，或者是带着6个选项的关键词，同时
对照确定一段落中心句或中心词的方法，两种方法都是一样的，就是要把某一段落中心句或中心词与6个选项
的各个选项关键词进行一一对比，找出其意思相同或相近的对应关系，确定该段落的正确选项。所以，其重点
就是印证它们的“意思相同或相近”的一一对应关系。
A、至于“意思相同、简化或相近”的确定方法，请参照“词汇选项”的“查双解字典法”和“阅读判断”的“选Right的情况技巧”。
B、确定正确选项的具体方法有：
(A)正确答案常常是中心句的改写或简化。如果我们在确定某一段的中心句后，或是在带着6个选项去对照某一段落时，发现某一选项句子就是这段落中心句的改写和简化时，就能很准确地把这选项确定为正确答案了。当然，对照时，可以直接把6个选项句子同某一段落的可能中心句(第一句、第二句和最后一句)进行比较，如
果某一选项与其意思相同或句型相似或是简化，只是换一种说法，就可以认定该选项就是正确答案了。如此类
推做下去。
(B)正确答案常常是中心词的同义词(包括词性的改变、有的相似)、近义词或是一种解释(短语)。如果6个选项中某一选项的关键词与某段落的中心词是重合的或者是同义词、近义词及期解释短语，那该选项就是正确
答案。
(C)答案确定后，将该选项划去。因为每个选项只能用一次，如果已确定了某一选项，为了不干扰下一段落的做题，最好办法是把它划去，打入冷宫。
(D)答案不能确定，先将可能是正确的选项全部选出，采用综合排除法进行做题。如果某一段落答案很难确定，应将最有可能的所有选项先选出来，写在题目的划线上，再往下做。等某一段落的答案确定后，再对比选项，便能推断出不能一下子确定的段落了。同时，也在对选项作对比时，能更容易对号入座，选出一一对应关
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. B .for 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. realized I realize did realize I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. through in for after over on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. out out out out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what
]]一、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1．问题现状 2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明Ａ的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三). Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处). In,recent days,we have to face a problem, Whicn is becoming more and more serious. First, Second, Confronted with,A, we shoud take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, For another, Finally, Personally,I belive that Consequently,I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us because 二、对比选择型作文模板 When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another,＿＿＿ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿. 职业生涯的选择 When it come to (the career choice),different people hold different views.Some contend that (you should be committed to a lifetime career).For one thing,(you must show you loyalty).For another( you can have more room to improve yourself in one protessional.) In spite of all these claims,others maintain that( you can change jobs fairly often),and they point out that( job-hop canbroaden your horizons). Another instance often cited is that (is that you can have better chance to earn more durin the process of job-hop). It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments. It’s a advisable to (make your choice depending on a ccording to your context).
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak
2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择8；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Black Friday Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday; most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节).On this day most retail stores open their doors very early一some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. Black Friday is not as ok! as many people think. In fact, it is believed that the first Black. Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to mark the start of the holiday season In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday, it was so named because the stores were "in the black". This financial term means the stoics made a lot of money. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
自考英语二 ]]一、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1．问题现状 2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days,we have to face I problem-----A,which is becoming more and more serious.First,(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,(举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A,we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,(解决方法一).For another（解决方法二).Finally,解决方法三). Personally,I believe that(我的解决方法).Consequently,I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because(带来的好处). In,recent days,we have to face a problem, Whicn is becoming more and more serious. First, Second, Confronted with,A, we shoud take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, For another, Finally, Personally,I belive that Consequently,I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us because 二、对比选择型作文模板 When it comes to＿＿＿＿,different people hold different views.
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses． 从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．Consequently， the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few． 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我 们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说， 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．As a result， some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes．But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins．The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values，to a certain extent， affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he／she reads and hears．Only by developing an understanding and tolerance（忍受）of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers． 英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管 字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all，of course!)in learning English．Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write．This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech， the amount of information conveyed， and，above all，the quality of communication． 学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交 流的质量。 The above is，not wholly，how difficult English is．Some native speakers might have said，"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying．"Why should l?"1 would protest，though．Still，I have to keep asking myself：Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全，以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this．Linguists are working on this problem in two ways．First，they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language． 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面， 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak．Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage．This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that， along with many other things，they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language，and a little help from their parents，they are able to learn to speak．Another group of linguists does not think this is correct． 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的；而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力， 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents．They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language．When children know some words，their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences．These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language．Instead， parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case，the environment is their family and their home. As you see，the first group of linguists disagrees． 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为， 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language．Many people are studying the process of language learning by children．This work is being done in many countries．Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process．Many psychologists，doctors， and parents are also interested．People who teach foreign languages are interested, too． 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason．If they knew how children learn their native language，perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults， as well as children, a second language．This is a very interesting idea．Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children．These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom．They will not talk to students in the native language．They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible．They do not teach them any rules for using the language．Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage，either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly．Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students，this method is successful．They learn to speak quickly and easily．They seem to enjoy using the language，and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say．Some students, however，cannot learn a language this way．Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language． 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学：课堂上只讲外 语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式， 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方 法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法，语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method，the rule-learning method，sometimes works better with these students．Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language．They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly．These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn．Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again．The students are encouraged to make up new sentences， using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know． 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练 习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method．They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it，too．For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language．For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class， hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it．These people are rare． 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用 所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方 法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily．Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language．Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language． 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about． 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国，是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦，自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents， my brothers and sisters，and my friends． 几个月前，我回香港探亲，这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．My elementary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings． 到达时，我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉，代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city，however，was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home．My family greeted me warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor，the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family， especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于）why they were behaving that way. 但是，我到了父母亲家里不久，就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题，情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比，香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到，在我讲话的时候，我的家人， 尤其是我母亲，会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来， 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me，“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant．She said．“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that are of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That’s not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我：“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说：“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候， 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望，这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke，I realized what had happened to me．American including American women，are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings．Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject．They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion．I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years，，I had gradually adopted some of their ways． 听着母亲这样讲，我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人，包括美国女性，都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样，对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中，她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想，过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country． 接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女 性，可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人，这使我更加不自在， 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States．But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain．In fact，I feel more confused than before．I now feel homeless．I don’t feel like an American．Americans haven’t accepted me．The women I work with at the store are polite enough，but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them．During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping．On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night．My accent，my name，and 1