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鲁周公世家语法整理(答案版)

鲁周公世家语法整理(答案版)
鲁周公世家语法整理(答案版)

《鲁周公世家》文言语法知识点梳理【难词注音】

笃(dǔ)仁

大钺(yua)

召(Shào)公奭(Shì)

缪(穆mù)卜

负子之责(债zhài)

归(馈kuì)

屏(bǐnɡ)

开籥(yua)

金縢(t?nɡ)匮(柜ɡuì) 有瘳(chōu)

强葆(襁褓qiǎnɡ bǎo) 践阼(zu?)

弗辟(避bì)

蚤(早zǎo)终

吐哺(bǔ) 大诰(ɡào)

祉(zhǐ)福

贻(yí)王

鸱鸮(Chī Xiāo)

相(xiànɡ)土

倍(bai)依(扆yǐ)

匔匔(qi?nɡ)

揃(jiǎn)其蚤(爪zhǎo)

奸(ɡān)神命

谮(zan)

奔(ban)楚

飨(享xiǎnɡ)国

鳏(ɡuān)寡

昃(za)

百姓说(悦yua)

尽偃(yǎn)

天乃雨(yù)

肸(Bì)誓

伤牿(ɡù)

逋(bū)逃

寇攘(rǎnɡ)

逾(yú)墙垣(yuán)

歭(zhì)

刍茭(chú jiāo)

糗(qiǔ)粮

桢(zhēn)干

考公酋(Qiú)

魏公氵费(Fai)

厉公擢(Zhu?)

真公濞(Bì)

【通假字】

太公召公乃缪.卜缪:通“穆”,虔诚

若尔三王是有负子之责.于天责:通“债”,欠了……债务

无.坠天之降葆.命无:通“毋”,不要、勿;葆:通“宝”,

宝贵的

我以其璧与圭归.归:通“馈”,奉送

周公藏其策金縢匮.中匮:通“柜”,箱柜

在强葆

..之中强葆:通“襁褓”

闻武王崩而畔.畔:通“叛”,叛乱

我之所以弗辟.而摄行政者辟:通“避”,回避

武王蚤.终蚤:通“早”

异母.同颖母:通“亩”,田垄

东土以.集以:通“已”,已经

南面倍依

..以朝诸侯倍:通“背”,背向着;依:通“扆“,户

牖之间的屏风

周公乃自揃其蚤.蚤:通“爪”,指甲

奸.神命者乃旦也奸:通“干”,干犯,冒犯,侵犯

乃泣,反.周公反:通“返”,召回

故中宗飨.国七十五年飨:通“享”,享有

诞淫厥佚.佚:通“逸”,安乐

百姓说.说:通“悦”,高兴

周公在丰,病,将没.没:通“殁”,死

岁则大孰.孰:通“熟”,丰收

【重点实词】

旦为子孝,笃.仁笃:忠诚,厚道

旦常辅翼

..武王辅翼:佐助辅弼

用事

..居多用事:主持朝廷政事

以夹.武王夹:站在……的左右,夹辅

使管叔、蔡叔傅.之傅:作……的师傅,辅佐

封周公旦于少昊之虚.曲阜虚:区域

周公不就.封就:到(封底),接受(封赏)

天下未集.集:安定

武王有疾,不豫.豫:安适,快乐;“不豫”是身体不适的委

婉语

戴.璧秉.圭戴:顶着;秉:秉持

惟尔元孙

..王发元孙:长孙

勤劳阻

...疾勤劳:辛勤劳苦,与今义差别不大;阻:遭

到困厄

若尔三王是有负子

..之责于天负子:辜负子民,生病的委婉语

敷佑四方

....敷:普遍;佑:保佑;敷佑:普济;四方:

天下

用.能定汝子孙于下地用:因而

四方之民罔.不敬畏罔:无,没有

无坠.天之降葆命坠:丧失

我乃屏.璧与圭屏:藏而不给

发书

..视之,信.吉发书:翻开占兆书;信:确实,果真

开籥.籥:锁钥

兹道

....兹:这;道:方法;念:考虑,保佑;予一..能念予一人

人:古代天子自称,后“予小子”、“朕小

子”等同

周公藏其策金縢.匮中縢:缠绕,缠束

戒守者勿敢.言敢:可以

武王有瘳.瘳:痊愈

周公乃践阼

..代成王摄行政当国践阼:登上帝位

于是卒相

..成王卒:最终,终于,课本译为“始终”不确切;

相:辅佐,与“做相”不同异母同颖.颖:禾穗

嘉.天子命嘉:称颂,赞美

乃为诗贻.王贻:赠送

王亦未敢训.周公训:责备

王朝.步自周朝:朝拜

使太保召公先之洛相.土相:省视,察看

周公往营.成周洛邑营:营建,营造

卜居

..焉卜居:以占卜选择建都之处

成王长,能听.政听:治理,处理

匔匔

..如畏然匔匔:恭敬谨慎的样子

周公乃自揃.其蚤沉之河揃:剪断

人或谮.周公谮:说坏话诬陷别人

成王发府.府:收藏财务或文书的地方治民自度:以法度自律

自度

..

荒宁:荒废事业,自图逸乐

震惧不敢荒宁

..

作.其即位作:等到,及,多见于上古汉语

亮暗:帝王居丧的委婉语

乃有亮暗

..

无不率祀明德

率:遵循,沿着,多见于上古文献;祀:祭....

祀;明德:昭明德政

诞:放荡;淫:过分;厥:其;佚:逸乐诞淫厥佚

....

其民皆可诛.诛:讨伐

文王日中昃.不暇食昃:太阳偏西

官别.其宜.别:划分,宜:合理的(职责范围)

禾尽偃.偃:放倒,倒伏

尽起而筑.之筑:拾起(稻穗)

于是成王乃命鲁得.郊祭文王得:能够,多见于上古文献

三年而后报政

..周公报政:汇报施政情况

淮夷、徐戎亦并兴反

兴反:兴兵造反

..

陈.尔甲胄陈:陈列,陈设,准备

无敢伤牿.牿:关牛马的圈栏,此处指拴着的牛马

马牛其风.风:走失;

臣妾逋.逃逋:逃亡

勿敢越逐

越逐;擅离岗位去追赶

..

敬复.之复:返回,归还

无敢寇攘

寇攘:劫掠偷盗

..

歭.尔刍茭歭:储备

无敢不逮.逮:及,达到(一定的数量)

我甲戌筑.而征徐戎筑:修筑工事

【重要虚词】

尔之.许我之:放在主谓语之间用于取消句子独立性王其.无害其:表将来时,可译为“将要”

维长终是.图是:宾语前置的标志

惟朕小子其.迎其:放在动词前表示强调动作

鲁公伯禽之.初受封之.鲁第一个之:主谓取独;第二个之:到,动词鲁后世其.北面事齐矣其:表将来时,可译为“将要”

【古今异义】

管叔及其群弟流言

..于国流言:散布谣言

北面

..就臣位北面:面向北方

久为小人

..于外小人:百姓,平民

周之官政未次序

..次序:按次排序,系统合理地安排

王乃得周公所自以为

..功代武王之说以为:把(自己)作为

臣妾

..逋逃臣妾:男女奴隶

【词类活用】

未可以戚.我先王戚:使……悲伤,感动,使动用法

史策.祝曰策:用策文,用简策,名词作状语

慎无以国骄.人骄:对……傲慢,骄慢,形容词作动词

宁.淮夷东土宁:使……安宁,平定,使动用法

遂国.之国:以……为国都,建都,意动用法

密靖

..殷国密靖:平静,使……安定,使动用法

南面倍依以朝.诸侯朝:使……朝拜,使动用法

以明予小子不敢臣.周公也臣:以……为臣,意动用法

成王与大夫朝服

..以开金縢书朝服:穿朝服,名词作动词

昔周公勤劳

..王家勤劳:为……辛勤劳苦,为动用法天乃雨.雨:下雨,名词作动词

子伯禽固已前.受封前:在以前,方位名词作状语

吾简.其君臣礼简:简化,形容词作动词

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BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式 object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词 dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句 nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语 present perfective progressive 现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语 predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词 verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词 semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex

sentence 并列复杂句 passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构 comparative clause 比较分句 indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素 uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词 indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本

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巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别:in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过(做)...(方式)做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束(做).... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成(做)... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束(告终) e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...(上)犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ? 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c610912468.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里(常用于现在完成时) e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.

中考英语语法点整理

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习目录 第1讲:名词...................................................................................................1-3 第2讲:代词....................................................................................................3-5 第3讲:形容词.................................................................................................5-7 第4讲:副词....................................................................................................7-10 第5讲:动词..................................................................................................10-12 第6讲:不定式..............................................................................................12-13 第7讲介词....................................................................................................13-17 第8讲:连词..................................................................................................17-21 第9讲:时态(一) (22) 第10讲:时态(二).......................................................................................22-28 第11讲:被动语态........................................................................................28-30 第12讲:句子种类(一) (30) 第13讲:句子种类(二)............................................................................30-32 第14讲:宾语从句........................................................................................32-33 第15讲:状语从句........................................................................................33-35 第16讲:就近原则........................................................................................35-36

英语语法专业术语新

英语语法专业术语 语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech 单词 word 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable no 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 动词 verb 主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb 非限定动词 infinite verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective

副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct 疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite 物主代词 possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possessive 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形 base form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place

英语语法1术语汇总

BE-subjunctive be-型虚拟式object complement 宾语补语 noun phrase of amount or quantity 表示数量概念的名词词组 infinitive 不定式full sentence完全句headword中心词dynamic verb 动态动词cleft sentence 分裂句main clause主句nominative absolute construction 独立主格结构direct object 直接宾语present perfective progressive现在完成进行体subject complement主语补语predicate verb 谓语动词determiner限定词ordinal numeral序数词verbless clause 无动词分句finite verb phrase限定动词词组 possessive pronoun 物主代词gender性main verb 主动词 antecedent先行项subjunctive mood 虚拟式 irregular verb 不规则动词root 词根demonstrative pronoun指示代词semi-auxiliary 半助动词compound complex sentence 并列复杂句passive voice 被动态coordinate construction 并列结构comparative clause 比较分句indefinite pronoun 不定代词 intransitive verb不及物动词vocabulary词汇bound morpheme粘附词素uncountable noun不可数名词morpheme词素central determiner中位限定词indicative mood 陈述式affix 词缀proper noun专有名词 abstract noun 抽象名词phrasal verb 词组动词 notional concord 意义一致原则auxiliary助动词active voice主动态 open class 开放词类linking verb 连系动词 historical present 历史性现在时conjunction 连词 unit noun 单位名词reflexive pronoun 反身代词 second person 第二人称unemphatic use非强调性用法 definite article 定冠词basic clause type分句基本类型 fractional numeral分数词closed class封闭词类 generic reference 类指derivative noun 派生名词 old English古英语complex sentence复杂句 relative clause 关系分句adverb phrase 副词词组 function word 功能词compound word复合词 countable noun 可数名词genitive noun 名词属格 article 冠词notional subject实义主语interjection 感叹词regular plural 规则复数transitive verb 及物动词 past perfective progressive 过去完成进行体mood 语气 implied conditional 含蓄条件句suffix后缀feminine gender阴性collective noun集体名词post-determiner后位限定词 indirect object 间接宾语principle of proximity就近原则 primary auxiliary 基本助动词sentence 句子 concord一致voice 语态common gender通性 question 疑问句base form原形SVOC主—动—宾—补结构imperative mood 祈使式predeterminer前位限定词 inflectional affix 屈折词缀number数voice态 personal pronoun 人称代词double genitive 双重属格 tense 时mood式ditransitive verb双宾语及物动词

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名词 含义:表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念等的名称的词。 注:1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词―the‖,但它不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时,则变为可数名词,而且意思上也有了变化。 Eg:beer ----a beer 一杯啤酒 work--- a work 工厂,著作 glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯 room空间---a room一个房间 二、名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。 可数名词有单、复数两种形式:可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加―a或an‖;复数形式是在名词后加―-s或-es‖。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种 1 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 ①改变单数名词中的元音字母

eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse--mice ②单复数同形eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, ③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数 eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers 注: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, etc; 有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths , physics, politics, news 3. 不可数名词:表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法: (1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物, time 时间--- times 时代,green 绿色---greens 青菜 (2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物 eg. hope ---hopes 希望hardship --- hardships 艰苦 (3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+‘s;另一种是用of, 表示―……的‖。 1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾加‘s。eg. Mr. Mott‘s robot, children‘s clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾加‘ 。eg. teachers‘ books (3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+‘s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面加‘s。eg. Lucy and Lily‘s room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Green‘s and Mrs Brown‘s son. (指两人各自的儿子) (4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略 eg. the doctor‘s (office) Mr. White‘s 2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom,a picture of the bedroom, (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4)双重所有格eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom‘s (5)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加‘s来构成所有 格。 eg. ten minutes‘ walk, today‘s newspaper 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. They got much _____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C. 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填

小学英语语法点整理

英语语法点整理 1. 人称代词 主格:I we you she he it they 宾格:me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词:mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2. 形容词和副词的比较级 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y 变i ,再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化: well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3. 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns + s a book - books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass —stories —glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano —pianos a mango —mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife - knives a shelf-shelves 4. 不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 5. 缩略形式 I 'm = I am you 're = you are she 's = she is he 's = he is it 's = it is who 's =who is can 't =can not isn 't=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间:at six o 'clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词 one —first two-sec ond twen ty-twe ntieth 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters?

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