动词不定式的用法（一）
动词不定式的句法功能：动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语：
不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的，特定的行为。其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：
To live means to create.
To do that sort of thing is stupid.
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
但是当作主语的不定式是较长的短语是，我们通常使用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式置于句末。例如：
It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.
It was his job to repair bicycles(自行车)
常用it作形式主语，而用动词不定式作实际主语的常用句型有：
1. It is＋adj (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。通常表明的是事情对人产生的影响或意义。比如“难易程度、重要性、可能性大小等”。
用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
例如：
It is interesting to play this game.
It is necessary for you to change your job.
How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.
How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
2. It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。通常表示根据事实判断人的品行，特征。如：“聪明，愚笨，明智，错误等”。
注意：这一句型中常用描述不定式的逻辑主语的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，wise(明智的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
3.It＋be＋名词＋不定式
用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.
It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.
It's a shame for you to do such kind of thing.
4. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如：
It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.
二、作表语
主语和表语同为不定式时，通常主语表示条件，表语表示结果。
如：To see is to believe.
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is+不定式以及The next step/ /important thing/problem/measure is +不定式等。例如：
My wish is to be a teacher.
My goal is to pass the college entrance examination(高考，大学入学考试).
The problem is how to get there.
The important thing in life is to have a great aim.(目标)
Your job is to type the papers in the office.
The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.
☆另外：
A)当主语是一个由what引导的从句时，用作表语的不定式通常是说明what的具体内容的。如：What I want is to go to the park tomorrow.
B)不定式作表语常常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。
如：His greatest wish is to see an end to the war.
All you have to do is (to) finish the job as quickly as possibly.
All I can do is just smile at him and say nothing.
注意：当主语中含有实义动词do的各种形式时，作表语的不定式通常省略“to”.
三、作宾语
许多动词都可和不定式搭配，即这些动词的用法决定了其后接带to的不定式作宾语。有些动词只能接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。而句中的主语常常就是作宾语的不定式的逻辑主语。
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。
而常常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词有：decide,discover,forget,inquire（询问），know,learn,remember,see,settle,think,wonder.
例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.
She offered to help me when I was in trouble.
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
I don't decide/know what to do/where to go.
I can't remember what to do.
I forgot how to operate the machine.
注意：当作宾语的不定式是较长的短语，常常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的不定式放到句末去。
常常这样用的动词有believe, think, consider, find,feel, make等动词。
可构成句型“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的
宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：
I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.
She felt it her duty to help the old woman.
I find it difficult to understand him.
※四、作介词宾语
动词不定式通常不能用作介词的宾语，但以下两点除外。
1）介词之后可以用“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
如：He gave me some advice on how to write a good composition(作文).
He talked with me about how to spend the frigid(极寒冷的) winter.
2)以下介词之后常常用不带to的不定式作宾语，特别是当句中的谓语动词为实义动词do的各种形式时，尤其如此。而谓语动词为其他动词时，也可用带to的不定式。
这类介词主要有：
About就要。。。Save除。。。之外
But除了。。。之外Save and expect除。。。之外
Except除。。。之外Than除。。。之外
如：I have done nothing except eat and sleep this week.
I couldn't do anything but wait here.
The enemy(敌人)had no other choice but/than to surrender(投降).
敌人除了投降之外，别无选择。
It had no effort except to make him angry.
除了让他生气外，这起不了任何作用。
在下列短语后，but之后只能跟不带to的不定式。
Do nothing but 只能Cannot but禁不住。。。
Do anything but决不Cannot choose but只得。。。
Cannot help but不得不
如：His father could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.
We would do anything but confess(承认)our guilty.我们决不承认有罪。
She couldn't help but laugh at his clothes.她情不自禁地大笑他的着装。
I cannot but admire(钦佩) his courage.
I could not choose but love her.我不禁爱上了她。
作宾补
不定式作宾补时，其逻辑主语常常就是它前面的宾语。
1)可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge(挑战), convince(使信服), dare, drive(驱使), encourage, expect, forbid, force(强迫), hire, instruct(指导), invite, need, order, permit(允许), persuade, require, teach, tell, urge, hear, order, see, want, wish, worn(警告)等。例如：
The doctor advised her not to eat too much sugar.
I wish you to go to the meeting with me.
I persuaded him to give up smoking.
She asked me to stay here.
2)注意：有一类表示见解，看法的动词，如：believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后常常接to be型不定式作宾补。to be可以省略。例如：
He declared himself （to be）a college student. 他自称是名大学生。
The police proved him （to be ）a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。
We consider him (to be ) diligent(勤奋的).
☆特别注意hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：
【误】I hope my son to be back soon.
【正】I hope my son will be back soon.
【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.
【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.
3)在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：His boss made/have/let him work all day long.
I heard him sing in her bedroom.
I saw him play basketball on the playground.
但是，改为被动结构后，应该还原省略的to。例如：
He was seen to break the window.
4)表示好恶的动词+宾语+带to的不定式
如：I like people to tell the truth.
She preferred me to do my job by myself.
I hate him to speak loudly in the classroom.
这类动词主要有：
Dislike不喜欢Like喜欢Prefer更喜欢
Hate讨厌，不喜欢Love喜爱Want想要
5）Know和see的用法
当它们用于主动语态，特别是用于一般过去时或过去完成时，其后的宾语补足语常常可以省略。
如：I have never known him (to) tell a lie(谎言)
I have never known/seen it (to) snow in July before.
I never knew her complain.
我从没听她发过怨言。
注意：当know和see用于被动语态时，必须还原不定式符号to。
如：I have never seen that man (to) smile.
That man has never been seen to smile.
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。被修饰的名词和用作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑主语，也可以是逻辑宾语的关系。例如：
Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)
Do you have anything to say/declare(宣布)？
What I want is to get something to do.
1)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, evidence, failure, means, measure, reason, refusal, promise, right,way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.
You have no right to speak.
He has the ability to work out the math question.
I have the courage to invite her for dinner.
She has a great wish to to travel around the world.
2)当谓语动词是be, find, get, give, have, need, want等，它们后面的名词（宾语或者表语）常常用不定式修饰。
如：They gave us a week to think the problem over.
Do you have anything more to say?
We found a house to live in.
I need/want a piece of paper to write on.
3)注意：如果需要另外引出作定语的不定式的逻辑主语，可以用介词for+名/代词
如：Mike is the person for me to turn to(求助于) in difficult time.
遇到困难，麦克是我可以向之求助的人。
This is the only point for us to pay attention to.
这就是我们需要给以关注的唯一一点。
4) 如果作定语的不定式为“动词+介词”，介词不可省略。
如：We must find a hotel to live in because it is getting dark.(live in a hotel)
Please give me a piece of paper to write on.(write on a piece of paper)
There are a lot of goods(商品)to choose from.(choose from the goods)
5)由only, first, last, next, only, second以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：
Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?
She was the first girl to come to the party.
He is the only person to know the thing.
This is the best film to be played that year.
这是那年放映的最好的电影。
The cheapest products(商品，产品)to be bought is in that store.
6)在there be句型中，作定语的不定式可以用主动或者被动。
如：There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.
There is a lot of work to do/be done.
Is there anything to eat?
7) 有些不定式作定语，具有“将来实现”的意义，即不定式动作将在将来发生。
如：The meeting to take place is very important for the company.
即将召开的会议对这个公司极其重要。
The person for you to talk with is the manager.
将和你谈话的人是经理。
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
1)作目的状语：不定式的动作稍晚于谓语动词的动作。
如：I must leave now to get there on time.我必须马上动身，以便按时到达那儿。
I am saying this to encourage you.
I store the food in the fridge to keep it fresh.
We went there to see our grandparents.
※A)注意：不定式表示目的时，常常在不定式前面加上in order或so as，构成in order to 或so as to，以突出或强调目的。
如：Many people go to work on foot in order to /so as to lose weight.
I got up so early in order to catch the early bus.
He worked so hard so as to get high salary(薪水).
B)in order to 和so as to 的否定式是在to前面加not，构成in order not to 和so as not to.
He studied in his bedroom so as not be disturbed.
C)in order to既可以放在句首表目的，亦可以放在句中，而so as to 只能放在句中。
In order to catch the early bus, I get up early every day.
=I get up early every day so as to catch the early bus.
2)不定式作结果状语时，总是出现在被修饰的动词之后，并且常用以下结构：
结构中文含义
So+形容词/副词+as to do 如此。。。以致
Such+（形容词+）名词+as to do 如此。。。以致
Enough+名词+to do 足够。。。
名词/形容词/副词+ enough+to do 足够。。。
Too+形容词/副词+to do 太。。。以致不能。。。
如：What have I said to make you so angry?
What have I done to offend you?
They said goodbye, never to meet again.
用so...as...和such...as...引导的结果状语：
He is not so stupid as to do that.他还没用蠢到去做那种事情。
He got up so early as to catch the first bus.
他起的如此早，以致他赶上了头班车。
She is such a beautiful girl as to be liked by people.
He is such a strong boy as to carry that heavy box.
由too...to引导的结果状语，意为“太。。。以致不能。。。”
She is too young to attend school.
The food is too hot to eat.
I am too tired to study any more.
注意：A)如果too 前有all,but,not,only等修饰时，too的意思是“非常、很”，这种情况下，即使too后面跟了不定式，也不含否定意义，不表示结果。
I am not too sad to see them leave.
看到他们离开了，我并不感到很悲伤。
I am not too happy to meet you.
见到你，我并不很高兴。
I am only too pleased to help you.
我十分乐意帮助你。
B)当too和以下形容词连用时，即使其后跟有不定式，也不表示否定，too意为“非常。”
这些形容词有：
Pleased高兴的Glad高兴的Apt易于。。。
Anxious焦急的Willing愿意的Ready愿意的
Eager渴望的Kind好心的Inclined倾向于。。。
如：I am too glad to see you.
Food is too apt to go bad in summer.
She is too eager to see you.她很渴望见到你。
The girl is too ready to cry.这个女孩动不动就哭。
由enough引导的结果状语。
注意：enough用来修饰名词时，可以放在名词前面或后面；但是用来修饰形容词或副词时，只能放在其后。
如：He made enough noise/noise enough to wake the dead.
他连死人都要吵醒了。
I don't know him well enough to ask for his help.
He was kind enough to help me.
他十分友善，帮助了我。
☆另外：不定式表示结果时，常常和only连用，暗示一种意外的结果。
如：He worked hard only to fail in the exam.
和努力学习，结果却没有及格。
He rushed to the station only to find the train had left.
He invited the girl for dance only to receive a polite refusal.
3)动词不定式用作原因状语，通常放在谓语之后，表示原因。该状语的时间常常略早于谓语动作发生的时间。
如：They jumped high to hear the news.听到这个消息，他们高兴的跳起来了。
I feel very happy to be praised by my teacher.
I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）
The boy was shocked to see his girlfriend walk hand in hand with another boy.
4)动词不定式用作条件状语。此时，不定式位于句首，句末皆可。
如：She will be glad to hear the news.
He would be stupid not accept her advice.
To look at him, you could not help laughing.
如果看看他，你就会禁不住笑起来。
5）不定式用作方式状语。此时，不定式前面常常有as if，as though，表示比喻关系。如：He raised his hand as if to stop the car.
She opened her mouth as though to speak.
她张开嘴，好像要说话似的。
英语情态动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择情态动词 1．--- Difficulties always go with me! --- Cheer up! If God closes door in front of you, there be a window opened for you. A．must B．would C．could D．can 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：——困难总是伴随着我！——高兴点! 如果上帝在你面前关上了门，一定有一扇窗户为你打开。A. must必须；B. would将要；C. could能，会；D. can能，会。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为“一定”，表示可能性很大的推测。符合语境。故选A。 【点睛】 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接完成进行式。 5) 否定推测用can't。 本句中的。must表示对现在的状态推测时，意为一定，表示可能性很大的推测。符合第2点用法。 2．Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A．need have practised B．might practise C．must have practised D．could practise 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测，意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 3．He is a bad-tempered fellow, but he ________ be quite charming when he wishes. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：他是个脾气不好的家伙，但当他希望自己有魅力的时候，他可
高中英语语法讲解不定式 （The Infinitive） 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud. A． 1不定式的构成（以动词do为例） 2 不定式的意义 不定式的一般式(to do ) 一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后My wish is to become a doctor He seemed to be tired. She stopped to have a rest. 不定式的被动式 (to be done) 当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents? 如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示动作正在进行,这时候不定式就要用进行式.（to be doing） They are said to be building another bridge across the street. They seemed to be talking about something important. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. I’m glad to be working with you. 如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He thought it a pity not to have invited us. The assistant seemed to have been fired. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties. 如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.
不定式在句子中可以作主语.宾语.宾补.表语.定语和状语： 1.不定式作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学外语不容易。 Is it necessary to complete the design before National Day? (it 为形式主语) 有必要在国庆节之前完成这个设计吗？ 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for引起的短语,即for +名词/代词宾格+不定式。 It is good for us to take part in physical labour 参加体力劳动对我们有益 某些表示人的品行的形容词(如kind, good, nice, wrong, careless, wise, foolish, polite, clever, right, unwise, stupid, thoughtful, rude, silly, impolite等)作表语时不定式前常可用of引起的短语,既be+形容词+of+ 名词/代词的宾格+不定式. It is stupid of her to make such a mistake. 她真蠢,犯这样的错误 2. 不定式作宾语 I forgot to turn the oven on. 我忘记打开炉子。 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。 afford aim agree arrange ask decide promise care choose demand desire determine expect hate hope fail help learn long mean manage offer plan pretend refuse intend bother tend 3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式可以和名称或代词构成复合结构,作动词的宾语,不定式作宾语补足语We advised him to have a good rest 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, force, advise,get,beg,allow,help,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,per mit等.但在make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at 等动词后的复合宾语中,不定式不带to. 在help后不定式可以带to,也可以不带to The boss made the workers work day and night.老板迫使工人们日夜干活 Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please? 请您帮我种这棵树好吗？ 4. 不定式作定语 He has a lot of questions to ask. 他有许多问题要问。 不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰的名词或代词之后.不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系.如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面应有必要的介词 I use a pen to write with. 5. 不定式作表语 Disney’s greatest wish was to be a famous artist. 迪斯尼最大的愿望就是成为一个著名的艺术家。 6.不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以修饰动词,表示目的,结果,或原因 To catch the first bus, I have to get up early. (目的) She went aboard never to return. (结果) I was surprised to see him there.(原因)
高中英语情态动词精讲与解析 概说 助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能： 1）构成否定式： He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2）构成疑问式或附加疑问式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3）构成修辞倒装： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4）代替限定动词词组： A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 情态助动词的特征 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经） 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1）除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought
高中英语动词不定式用法大全(名师总结必考语法知识点，值得下载) 英语动词的非谓语形式为三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 To say is to believe.眼见为实。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to pla nt trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介
词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语：（在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。） 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一
英语情态动词用法详解 一、单项选择情态动词 1．Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition. You ________ have fixed full attention on it. A．can B．should C．need D．might 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构，can have done 表示可能；need表示需要；might have done表示可能做过某事；故选B。 2．---Hi, Johnson, any idea where Susan is? ---It is class time, so she __________ in the classroom now. A．can be B．must have been C．might have been D．should be 【答案】D 【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。A. can be可能，可以是；B. must have been一定（对过去事实肯定的推测）；C. might have been可能（对过去事实肯定的推测）；D. should be应该是。句意：—知道苏珊在哪里吗？—现在是上课时间，她应该在教室里。故答案选D。 3．The room is so clean. He ________ have cleaned it yesterday evening. A．will B．need C．can D．must 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词表推测。句意：房间如此干净，他一定是昨天晚上打扫过了。must have done 表示对过去发生的事情有把握的猜测，意思是“一定（做过）”，故D项正确。 4．— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window? — Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes. A．can B．may C．must D．shall 【答案】C 【解析】
巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中，动词的用法是重点，也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法，学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词，用法难以掌握，但调整了单词的排列顺序，根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆： （一）跟不定时作宾语的动词有： 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记！ （二）跟动名词作宾语的动词有： 考虑（consider）完成（finish）多练习（practise） 避免（avoid）冒险（risk）求建议（suggest/recoomend） 面对（face）喜欢（enjoy/appreciate）和介意(mind) 允许（allow）承认（admit/permit）或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟（put off/delay/postphone）逃避（escape）不原谅（excuse/pardon）提及（mention）坚持(keep/insist on）要想象（imagine/fancy） 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand！ 瞧！，我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧！ （三）在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require， stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同，巧记一句话（记住努力；后悔忘记；需要停止；很有意义），学习采用对比法： remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做） remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事） try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事（看能否达到预期的结果） stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事） stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事） regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔
动词不定式专项练习题Array 1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise. A. don’t B. not C. will not D. not to 2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted. A. not to have B. not to take C. didn’t take D. not to make 3. Tell him _______ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 7. The workers want us ________ together with them. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked 8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 9. I saw him _______ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes 10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak 12. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry
英语情态动词的常用用法归纳 1概念 在英语的动词当中，凡是用来刻画人的情感动作的动词，我们称之为情态动词，情态动词有着具体的汉语意思。但却不能独立作谓语和后面的行为动词一起构成和成谓语。区别于其他的行为动词，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有少数的时态现象——一般时、过去时、将来时等。 2应用 一.Can 1、can表示说话人的能力，常译作能、能够、会。 eg：I can speak English very well. Can you swim across the river? Yes, I can/ No, I can’t. 2、can可以用来表示说话人的客观可能性，通常应用于否定疑问句式中。 eg：People can’t live without water. Can you finish the jobs in three hours? Can this be true. 3、在口语里，can表示允诺、允许、可以。等于may，但是may的语气
重于can。 eg：Can I come in? = May I come in? Can I use your bike? = May I use your bike ? *表示允许可以may mightcould can 4、在“过去时”的语境里，通常用could 表示它的过去式，用be able to 短语（was/were） 而could通常用来在一般现在时的语境里表示委婉语气 eg：Could（can）you show me the way to the supermarket? 5、can表示猜测 （1）对现在状态的一种猜测，只能用在否定疑问句中。 eg：Zhang can’t be ill really? This can’t be done by him. （2）对现在动作的猜测 eg: The boy can’t be telling lies. Mary works so hard, now, she can’t be sleeping.
动词不定式专题复习 动词不定式的形式： 动词不定式的用法 1.不定式作主语 ⑴原则上，可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语，通常用it作句子的形式主语，而把不定式移到后面，形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。如： To catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. It is not a good idea to catch the 5：00 bus early in the morning. To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts. It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well. ⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者，可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构，或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。 It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me . ⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。这些词如：careful， cruel， foolish， bold， brave， good， honest， kind， rude，polite， nice，stupid， selfish， silly， wicked， wise， thoughtful， wrong等。 2.不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。 ⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford， appear， agree， ask， believe，decide， demand， desire， fail， hope， intend，learn， mean， offer， promise，refuse， wish等。如： I can‘t afford to buy a house. ⑵“动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的这类动词有advise， decide， forget， know， learn， remember，see， tell， think， teach， wonder，discover， understand， guess， explain等。这类疑问代（副）词what， when， which， where， how， whether等（不包含why）。如： She does not know how to go there. He will tell you how to deal with it. ⑶在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。如： They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening. （4）可以作形容词的宾语。这一类形容词有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious等。例如： I”m determined to give up smoking. He is willing to help us. （5）在tell, advise, allow, forbid, learn, show, decide等词的后面常用“连接词+不定式”作宾语。例如： We must decide whether to go or stay. I don”t know how to get in touch with him.
高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习 A: can / could = be able to 1 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式 He can speak French. Was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含义* managed to do / succeeded i n doing With our help, he was able to build the house. 2 表示请求或许可Could 比Can 更加客气* may Can I go now? Yes, you can. 3 表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句 Can he be at school? Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. Can’t couldn’t/ Can ? Could? have done There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed? She can’t have gone to school----- it’s Sunda y. Could have done 可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性* may have done She could have gone out with some friends yesterday. Could have done 可以表示虚拟语气 某事可能发生（并没有发生） It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody. 批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事) You are late again. You could have got up earlier. 4 can 表示客观上的可能性* Anybody can make mistakes. B: may and might 1 表示请求和允许类似用法can could(更加口语化) May I watch TV now? Yes, you may. 2 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定may/might have done 对过去的揣测* He may be busy these days. May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可 3 表示祝愿Wish you success! May you succeed!* C: must and have to 1 表示必须；一定要可以用have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须而且是主观看法* have to 有多种时态而且强调客观情况 I really must stop smoking now. I had to leave early because I wasn’t feeling well. Must I come here?
一、情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词或状态动词构成谓语 二、情态动词分为：情态助动词：can(could)、may(might)、must、have to (had to )、ought to 、 shall(should)、will(would) 12个 半情态助动词：dare、need、used to、had better、would better(5个) 三、情态助动词 1.can and could 1)ability：be able to do /manage to do/succeed in doing sth. eg.The army can defeat their enemy. eg.The army is able to defeat their enemy. eg.The army succeed in defeating their enemy. 2)permission:eg.Can I smoke here? eg.You can’t smoke here. 3)possibility:用在否定句、疑问句、感叹句中- eg.This can’t be done by him. 当被用在肯定句中时，表达的是理论上的可能性，不涉及是否真的会发生 eg.even expert drives can make mistakes. 要表达现在或者将来的可能性，用may /might或could. eg.I may leave for Beijing next month. 但在特殊疑问句中，或与副词hardly、only等连用的陈述句中表达可能 性只用can/could Eg.where can the noise be coming from? eg.It can hardly be the postman,he comes only in the morning. 4)有时会：the road can be blocked. 5)could 表示轻微的怀疑或委婉的看法 I’m sorry I couldn’t lend you the book now. His story could be true,but I hardly think it is. 6)could 表示委婉的请求，主要用于疑问句，不用于肯定句 Could you lend me some money? Yes,I can /No,I am afraid not. 7)could 的常用结构：could+动词+比较级“非常，再.....不过了” It couldn’t be better. Couldn’t +过去分词+比较级“非常，再.....不过了” They couldn’t have tried harder to make me eel welcome. Can’t..too..=can never too“无论怎样...也不为过,越...越好” I can’t thank you too much.I owe my progress to you. Can’t (help/choose) but do/can but +动词原形“不得不，只好” We can but agree with him. Can’t help doing 忍不住，不得不 I can’t help laughing Can’t be (it) 控制不住，没有办法 It can’t be helped Can’t....without 没有...就不能 One can’t succeed without perseverance.
动词不定式专项练习题 1 1. The teacher told them _______ make so much no ise. A. don ' t B. not C. will not D. not to 2. Our master ofte n told us _____ things for gra nted. A. not to have B. not to take C. didn ' t take D. not to make 3. Tell him ______ t he win dow. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to n ot shut D. n ot shut 4. The boy wan ted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___ . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______ after drinking. A. n ever to drive B. to n ever drive C. n ever driv ing D. n ever drive 6. The patie nt was warned _____ oily food after the operatio n. A. to eat not B. eati ng not C. not to eat D. not eati ng 7. The workers want us ______ together with them. A. work B. worki ng C. to work D. worked 8. They would not allow him ______ across the en emy line. A. to risk going B. risk ing to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 9. I saw him ______ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes 10. They knew her very well. They had see n her _____ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was grow ing D. to grow 11. I ' ve heard him ________ about you often. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak 12. Though he had ofte n made his little sister ___ , today he was made _____ by his little sister.
高中英语情态动词的用法 一概述情态动词的共性 1) 情态动词一般直接加动词原形, 除ought + to do sth .在否定句或疑问句中to 可以省略 2) 情态动词不会因为主语的人称与数的变化而发生变化 3) 当情态动词表达与说话同时或说话之后的情况,直接加动词原形(do sth/be done) .在简略回答时直接用情态动词 (---Can you drive a car? ---- Yes, I can) (1)She said he might come to the farewell party (表达说话之后的情况) (2)She told me that he must be ill, for his face was pale(表达与说话同时情况) 4) 当情态动词表达说话时已发生的情况,加动词完成式( have pp/have been pp) 在简略回答时用情态动词+ have (---- Did he go to the cinema? ---- No, he should have, but he had to finish a report) (1) She may have been there yesterday (2) She should have come to his rescue when he was trapped in the elevator last night (3) He must have been praised at the meeting the other day 二情态动词用法 1 can 1)表示现在或将来的能力, 2)表示可能性“可能”
情态动词全解析 一、何谓“情态动词”？ 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。 二、情态动词的特点 1.没有人称和数的变化。 2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化: . will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared 三、情态动词的否定形式 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't 四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别（注意：这是常考的考点） 1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。 can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。 could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。 1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch? -Sorry, __. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。 1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No, you mustn't. ( Yes, you may.) 2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须 2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to 3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't. ) 4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now. 6) Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. may not 4. shall 1) 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。 2) 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。 1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t.