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高中英语语法复习--动词不定式的用法

高中英语语法复习--动词不定式的用法
高中英语语法复习--动词不定式的用法

动词不定式专题复习

动词不定式的形式:

动词不定式的用法

1.不定式作主语

⑴原则上,可用动词不定式直接作句子的主语,通常用it作句子的形式主语,而把不定式移到后面,形成“It + 谓语… + 动词不定式…”的句型。如:

To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea.

It is not a good idea to catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning.

To learn a foreign language well takes painstaking efforts.

It takes painstaking efforts to learn a foreign language well.

⑵若要说明不定式的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前面加上“for + 名词或代词”结构,或是“of + 名词或代词”结构。

It is a great pleasure for me to talk with him. It is very kind of you to help me .

⑶可用于“of + 名词/代词 + 动词不定式”结构中作主语补足语的形容词是指那些可以表示人或事物的性质或品质的好坏的形容词。这些词如:careful, cruel, foolish, bold, brave, good, honest, kind,rude, polite, nice,stupid, selfish, silly, wicked, wise, thoughtful, wrong等。

2.不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种情况:一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式,二是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”。

⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构:常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, appear, agree, ask, believe,decide, demand, desire, fail, hope, intend,learn, mean, offer, promise,refuse, wish等。如:I can‘t afford to buy a house.

⑵“动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式”结构:常见的这类动词有advise, decide, forget, know, learn,remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder,discover, understand, guess, explain等。这类疑问代(副)词what, when, which, where, how, whether等(不包含why)。如:

She does not know how to go there. He will tell you how to deal with it.

⑶在不定式作宾语时,有时我们会使用it作形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面。如:

They consider it inappropriate to have classes in the evening.

(4)可以作形容词的宾语。这一类形容词有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious等。例如:

I”m determined to give up smoking.

He is willing to help us.

(5)在tell, advise, allow, forbid, learn, show, decide等词的后面常用“连接词+不定式”作宾语。例如:

We must decide whether to go or stay.

I don”t know how to get in touc h with him.

3.不定式作表语

不定式作表语时,主语通常是一个名词,不定式短语或者从句。

The boss‘s plan is to start building the skyscraper immediately. To work means to earn a living. What you have to do is to push the button.

4.不定式作定语

不定式作定语相当于一个定语从句,它修饰以下几类名词:

⑴由动词派生或转化而来的名词,它们所对应的动词通常有不定式作宾语。这类名词主要有:attempt,claim, decision, plan, promise, intention, need,resolution,tendency, wish, failure, threat 等。

Another attempt to climb the mountain will be made next month.

In his speech he expressed his determination to achieve the goal.

⑵由可能与不定式搭配的形容词派生出来的名词。这类名词主要有:anxiety, patience, ability,willingness, ambition等。

Her eagerness to learn a foreign language obvious.

⑶不定式作定语还可用来修饰代词something, anything, everything, nothing.不定式做后置定语。

Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)

Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)

She has everything to lose and nothing to gain.

⑷由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。

Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class.

You are the last to undertake the blood test.

⑸不定式常作为定语修饰there be结构的真实主语。在there be结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式有时用主动形式,有时用被动形式。当说话人考虑的是必须有人完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式。如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成时,不定式则用被动形式。例如:

There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work.)

There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)

⑹有些抽象名词。主要有:reason, right, time, effort, chance, way等。如: the time to go to school, the way to get to the clinic, the chance to win the game.

(7)如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.

I have something to say.

He has a lot of homework to do .

He is looking for a room to live in .

There is nothing to worry about.

不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。Please give me a pen to write with.

不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。

He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。

(8)不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系:

1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。

2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。

3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。

5.不定式作状语

不定式作状语相当于一个状语从句,表示形为的目的、结果或原因。

⑴表示目的。在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语。

He stayed there to see what would happen.

在强调不定式目的状语时,不定式前可加in order, so as等。如:

She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5:00 plane.

He moved the TV set to the meeting-room so as to let everyone watch it.

⑵用so……as to……, such (……) as to……, enough to……, too……to, only to等表示结果,

如:

Have you got enough room to seat all of us?

She is too weak to join us in the outing.

⑶将不定式移到句首表示条件,如:

To hear the teacher better, you have to sit in the front. = If you are to hear the teacher better,……

⑷与形容词连用时,大多表示原因。这些形容词主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry,shocked, glad, delighted, grieved,disappointed等。

They were surprised to be informed of the news. I‘m glad to hear this.

6、独立结构

To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.

?to be frank,

?to be honest,

?to tell the truth

7、关于小品词to

(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.

eg: Would you like to go with me ? I’d like to .

(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.

eg: Would you like to be a teacher? I’d like to be.

?不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

He didn’t know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)

How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)

?在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。

Why not have a rest?

8、固定句型:

?had better/had best + (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事

?Why (not) do sth.?

?…prefer to do/prefer doing

?…prefer + n./doing A +to + n./d oing B

?…prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B

?…would rather (not) do sth.

?…would rather do A than (do) B

?…would rather + 句子(过去式)(虚拟语气)要做……

动词不定式的时态和语态

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

进行式 to be doing

完成进行式 to have been doing

1.如果不定式所表示的动作与主要谓语动词所表示的动作同时(或几乎同时)发生或发生在主要谓语之后,

通常用不定式的一般形式。如:

I saw him go out.

I‘m glad to see you.

2.如果不定式所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词或特定的时间之前,不定式就要用完成式。如:

I intended to have telephoned you, but I forgot to.

I should like to have bought a dictionary.

3.不定式进行式表示主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在发生。如:

I am glad to be talking with you. She pretended to be listening attentively.

4.不定式完成进行时表示的是一个开始于过去某一时刻但一直延续到谓语动词发生的那一时刻的动作。如:

He was thought to have been working on the project for two years.

5.不定式的被动语态

当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,这个不定式要用被动式,包括它的各种时态在内。如:

She doesn‘t like to be treated as a guest.

她不喜欢被当作客人对待。

They want their TV set to be fixed right now.

他们想把电视机马上修好。

There are a lot of things to be done.

有许多事要做。

This is the text to be read next time.

下次就读这篇课文。

注意:有些习惯用法中,只能用主动语态。如:

The house is to let.

这房子要出租。

A lot of work still remains to do.

许多工作有待去做。

(1).They pretended not to see us.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)

(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)

(3).She pretended to have known it before.(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)

(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)

不带to 的不定式

1.表示感觉的动词

五看see,notice,watch,observe,look at 三使have,let,make 二听hear,listen to 一感觉feel He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人进屋了。

They observed her do the experiment. 他们观察她做实验了。

2.help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to.

Can you help me (to) clean up after the meal?饭后你能帮我洗碗吗?

3.有些类似于情态动词的词语(如rather than, had better, would rather, might as well等)之后,不定式不带to.如:

We might as well go without him. 我们可以不让他跟去。

You‘d better go now. 你最好现在走。

4.不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.

(1). She could do nothing but cry.

(2). I have no choice but to go.

(3).What do you like to do besides sleep

英语动词不定式大全 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词。形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。宾语。定语。状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法: 一。带to的不定式结构 1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come 等。 2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如: Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。 二。不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: 1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如: I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。 "Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。例如: Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。 Why not take a holiday。=Why don't you take a holiday。为什么不休

动词不定式用法归纳 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如: To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.(Lesson 10). 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.以下动词只能to do 作宾语。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange 安排 mean意欲,打算 begin开始 expect期望 appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱;烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢,宁愿 care关心,喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉,遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺,允许 start 开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法,图谋 incline有…倾向 propose提议 seek找,寻觅 try试图 b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk. 当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求,邀请 get请,得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢,宁愿 announce

动词不定式的用法讲解 一、动词不定式: 构成:to + 动词原形(to只是不定式符号,没有意义) 动词不定式作主语较长时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。 1.It + is/was+形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 To learn English well is useful. = It’s useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。 To protect environment is important for us. = It’s impor tant for us to protect environment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。 2. It is / was + kind / good/ nice/ clever + of sb. + 动词不定式 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真的太聪明啦。 3. It takes ( took , will take ) sb. some time to do something. (做某事花费某人…时间) 4.It is a good idea to do sth. 作宾语 1.常见的跟不定式作宾语的动词有: want to do sth. decide to do sth. hope to do sth. plan to do sth. offer to do sth. agree to do sth. learn to do sth try to do sth prefer to do sth promise to do sth. need to do sth. expect to do sth. 2. 主语+ find / think + it +形容词+ (for sb.) + to do I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语和容易的。 He felt it hard to sleep.他觉得很难入睡。 I think it very interesting to learn English. 我认为学英语很有趣。 We found it impossible to cross the river. 我们发现过河是不可能的。 3.特殊疑问词+动词不定式作宾语 Can you tell me how to get to the post office? I didn’t know what to do next.

Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置,而将真正的主语(不定式短语)移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语,如:agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语,常用“it”作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语,如:believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时,一般紧跟在系动词后,说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. 第一步是检查受害人的呼吸。 ●不定式作补语 ?I’d like the problem to be discussed at the next meeting.我希望这个问题在下一次会上讨论。 ●不定式作定语 ?The students have a lot of homework to do every day.学生们每天都有很多家庭作业要做。 ●不定式作状语 不定式可以作原因状语、结果状语、目的状语以及方式状语 不定式在下列句式中作目的状语:so as to do, in order to do ?In order to ensure your hair looks its best, pay attention to what you eat. 为了保证你的头发是最佳状态,请注意你的饮食。 二:不定式考点归纳: 考点1:不定式的时态和语态: 1.---Is Bob still performing? ---I’m afraid not. He is said ____the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ____ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 1.A. 根据句子的意思“据说他已经离开了舞台”,要用不定式的完成式的主动形式。2.B. 用动词的不定式的被动形式表示结果状语。 考点2:不定式的功能:不定式具有名词的特征,可以作主语或宾语(例5),具有形容词的特征,可以作表语、定语或补足语(例4);具有副词的特征,在句子中可以作状语(例3)。

动词不定式的用法荟萃 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中: a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,

inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+ 不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. b) It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s du ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...) +不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.

英语动词不定式的用法 老高川学校刘金平 英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。 1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 【例如】 To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task. To do that implies taking responsibility. 当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。 【例如】 It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中: a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. It is hard to put my hopessintoswords. It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.

省略to的动词不定式用法归纳 一、使役动词与to的省略 当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如: Let me have another cup of tea.给我再来一杯茶。 She had him dig away the snow.她让他把雪挖走。 They made him tell them everything.他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。 但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如: 他被迫一天工作20小时。 误:He was made work twenty hours a day. 正:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。 另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如: They forced her to sign the paper.他们强迫她在文件上签字。 The law obliged parents to send their children to school.法律要求父母送子女上学。 考例: 1.The teacher forbade ________ our seats. https://www.doczj.com/doc/e418067295.html, to leave https://www.doczj.com/doc/e418067295.html, leaving C.to leave D.to leaving 2.Mary had her friend ________ the best one. A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose 3.The girl was ma de _________ she didn’t love at all. A.marry a man B.to marry a man C.to marry with a man D.married with a man 二、感觉动词与to的省略 当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如: We all felt the house shake.我们都感觉这房子在震动。 I heard him go down the stairs.我听见他下楼了。 Did you notice her leave the house?她离开屋子你注意到了吗? I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。 但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:They all felt the plan to be unwise.他们都认为这个计划不明智。 注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如: They were heard to break a glass in the next door.听见他们在隔壁打破了一个

动词不定式用法讲解 1、构成及特征 动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式,即非谓语动词形式,它有两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行为动词都有不定式形式,其否定式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留有动词的特点:(1)可以有时式和语态的变化,也可以有自己的宾语或状语,它们一起构成了不定式短语。He tried to work out the problem in five minutes.他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。(带宾语和状语) The factory to be built here next year is a car factory.明年在这里建的工厂是一家汽车制造厂。(有语态的变化) (2)动词不定式还具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语等成分。 He wants to study English.他想学英语。(to study English在句中作want的宾语,而to study又有自己的宾语English, to study和English一起构成了不定式短语。)Never to offend anyone is his principle.不得罪人是他的原则。(不定式作主语) 注意:不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句;作宾语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从句;作定语时,相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句;作目的状语时,相当于so that 或in order that引导的目的状语从句。 It is right for her to say so.(= It is right that she should say so.)她这样说是对的。 He has a lot of work to do.(=…that he should do)他有很多工作要做。 I don’t know where to get the ticket.(= …where I could get the ticket.)我不知道哪

动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如: To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为: It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如: It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。例: It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语: 动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。例: His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语,能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有:begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例: I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗?

英语动词不定式有主动和被动两种形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的对象,即是一种动宾关系时,不定式用被动形式。当不定式所说明的人或物是不定式所表示的动作的执行者,即是一种主动关系时,不定式用主动形式。 在某些情况下,不定式虽然与所说明的人或物是动宾关系,但仍用主动形式。这种不定式主动形式表示被动意义的情况主要有下列几种: 一、当不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系,又与句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,该不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。例如: I have a meeting to attend. 我有个会议要参加。(to attend与I有主谓关系) Give him some books to read. 给他一些书看。(to read与him有主谓关系) 如果不属于上述情况,则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句: 1. Have you anything to do this afternoon? 你今天下午有事要做吗? 2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ? 你有什么东西要带到城里去吗? 句1中主语you与不定式to do存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,to do实际上指的是you的动作,所以用主动形式表示被动意义;而句2中主语you与不定式to take不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,不定式所指的并非是you的动作,所以仍要用被动形式to be taken表示被动意义。 二、当不定式在"There be..."句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时,一般情况下,既可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。例如: There is no time to lost (to be lost). 时间紧迫,不能耽误了。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). 还有好多事要处理。 但是应该注意以下两点: (1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语,那么用主动形式或被动形式则须视sb. 是其动作的发出者或承受者而定。例如: There are still many questions for us to discuss. 我们还有许多问题要讨论。

非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要形式有:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 “to do”动词不定式的变形 动词不定式的用法 充当主语(一般会用it 当形式主语) To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = 充当表语(多数情况下,可以转换成动词不定式做主语) My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. 充当宾语(只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语;有时用“it”做形式宾语) I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意:当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时,只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed

充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”) I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了他们争论的整个过程) 但,感官动词后面也可接Ving形式,表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他们正在争论谁该扫地,并不一定看到了整个过程) 充当状语(目的,原因,结果状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致) I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状语) I’m sorry to bother you.(原因状语) He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. (结果状语,only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果) 充当定语(不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词的后面) I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. 一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”,有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to 当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列(and/or/than)时,通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (否定式中“to”不能省略)

初中英语动词不定式整理 一、作主语,可以用it代替,it叫形式主语,动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1.To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表语 My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。 如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容,这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如:All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。 三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。 He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。 四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。 I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。 五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。 六、如果宾语太长,可用it作形式宾语,构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构,谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。 I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。 七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。 八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。 此时,如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词,后面的介词绝对不能省略。 We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。 九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到,最后一个走。 十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。 We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。 十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。 I’m glad to meet you. 见到你,我很高兴。 They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。 十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。(表语) There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。(定语) The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了,孩子们看不懂。(结果状语) 不定式复合结构作主语时,需注意: It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.

动词不定式的用法总结 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。接下来为大家提供了以下:动词不定式的用法总结一 动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。 而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。 现就以下几方面介绍如下。 一、不定式结构 1. 带to的不定式结构 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。 如: I want to go to the movies with you. 我想跟你一起去看电影。 Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave. 在你离开之前别忘了关灯。 注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如: Dave told me not to wake up Kate. 大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式: (1)在固定词组had better之后。 注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。 如: You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out. 外面很冷,你最好不要出去。 (2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如: I made them give me the money back. 我迫使他们把钱还给我。 I didn’t see you come in. 我没看见你进来。 (3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。 Why not+不带to的不定式是Why don’t you do的省

解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语 在中学教科书中,动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点;在历年高考中,动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一;在学生的学习实践中,动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识,下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。 I. 不定式作主语 1. 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如: It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。 2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同:前者作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作;而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如: To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。 Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。 简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth. 当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如:

It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。 当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时,应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如: It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。 [高考题例] 1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day A. this B. that C. it D. he 2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned. A. for B. of C. about D. from II. 不定式作宾语 1. 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握四种动词: 1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。 2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。

动词不定式用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。 1.作主语 可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe. 但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It's wrong to play tricks on other people. It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy. 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。 2.作宾语 a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如: We agreed to start early. She wants to be a doctor. b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。 提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。如: I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。 c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。 点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。 提示板: 1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。 stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。 例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking;when he came out,the students stopped to talk.当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话;当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。 2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别? d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如: The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep. I feel it easy to recite the text. 点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。 3.作宾语补足语 a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如: I tell him not to go there by bus . Edison's mother taught him to read and write. b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如: The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in the next room. 提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss. She was heard to sing in the next room. 4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面 例句:I have a lot of work to do. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. 点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。 提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。如: I have a small bedroom to live in. Have you got some pens to write with? 5.表语:放在连系动词be后面 例句:His wish is to become a scientist. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives. 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。 6.作状语

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