英文连接词
（1）表示承接的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，what's more, again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。
（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally··等。
（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。
（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
（5）表示转折的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
（6）一方面，另一方面：on the one hand，one the other hand，for one thing，for another等。（7）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise 等。
（8）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
（9）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
（10）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually，for instance 等。
（11）表示总结的过渡词：in a word，above all,，all in all，finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in another word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated，last but not least等。
(12)表示转折的过渡词: But，However，Although / even though，Despite / despite the fact that，In spite of / in spite of the fact that，Nevertheless，Nonetheless，While，Whereas，Unlike，In theory… in practice…
常用程度和语句副词： 常用的程度副词包括： absolutely,almost,awfully,completely,considerably,deeply,entirely,exactly, extremely,fairly,greatly,hardly,immensely, increasingly, more and more, much, nearly, partly, perfectly, profoundly, quite, rather, scarcely, slightly, somehow, somewhat, thoroughly, to some extent, utterly, very. 常用语句副词包括： Actually,admittedly,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,fortunately,frankl y,honestly,luckly,more importantly,naturely,surprisingly,obviously,perhaps,preferably,probably,p ossible,strangely,superficially,surely,technically,theoretically,undeniably,u nexpectedly,unfortunately. 常用逻辑连接词： 1.因果关系：…and so …; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so; …so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently 2.并列关系：and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also; in the same way; too 3.序列关系：first…,second…,third, and so forth; A…,B…,C…, and so
英语连接词 连接词的意义分类 表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.表转折however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. 表层次on the one hand, ... on the other hand; first, ... second, ... finally; 表强调firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc. 表强调in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表结果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表结尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc. 表例举in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc. 表强调still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly,interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway,above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 表比较like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表对比by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead,but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet,in contrast. 表列举for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), toillustrate. 表时间later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at thesame time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in themeanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as,afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. first after a few days eventually atthat time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on 表顺序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place,last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.
§1.6逻辑联结词（一） 教学目标 理解逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”的含义及理解复合命题的结构. 教学重点 逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”的含义及复合命题的构成. 教学难点 对“或”、“且”、“非”的含义的理解. 教学手段 粉笔、黑板 授课类型 新授课 课时安排 1课时 教学方法 讲授法 教学过程 一．情境设置 歌德是18世纪德国的一位著名文艺大师，一天，他与一位文艺批评家“狭路相逢”。这位批评家生性古怪，遇到歌德走来，不仅没有相让，反而卖弄聪明，一边高傲地往前走，一边大声说道：“我从来不给傻子让路！”面对如此尴尬局面，但见歌德笑容可掬，谦恭地闪在一旁，一边有礼貌地回答道：“呵呵，我可恰恰相反。”结果故作聪明的批评家，反倒自讨个没趣。 在这个故事里，批评家用他的语言和行动表明了这样几句语句： （1）我不给傻子让路（2）你歌德是傻子（3）我不给你让路。 歌德用语言和行动反击： （1）我给傻子让路（2）你批评家是傻子（3）我给你让路。 二、复习引入： 命题的概念：可以判断真假的语句叫命题 正确的命题叫真命题，错误的命题叫假命题 例如：①12>5 ②3是15的约数③0.5是整数 ①②是真命题，③是假命题 反例：④3是15的约数吗？⑤ x>8 都不是命题。 注：不涉及真假和无法判断真假的语句不是命题。 又如: “这是一棵大树”；“x＜2”．都不能叫命题．由于“大树”没有界定，就不能判断“这是一棵大树”的真假．由于x是未知数，也不能判断“x<2”是否成立． 注：疑问句、祈使句、感叹句都不是命题。 注意： ①初中教材中命题的定义是：判断一件事情的句子叫做命题；这里的定义是：可以判断真假的语句叫做命题.说法不同，实质是一样的 ②判断命题的关键在于能不能判断其真假，即能不能判断其是否成立；不能
精心整理 PART1逻辑连接词 1.1让步 1.Although （更书面）=though (更口语)=evenif (即使，更偏假设性)=eventhough （虽然，更偏事实性）+句子 注：不能与but 连用。 Devotedthough wearetoprosperityandfreedom,wecannotshakeoffthejudgmentalstrandofjustice.用倒装 2.Nomatterhow/what/who 等=疑问句+ever Whoever 3.…,4.名词/Object Small as 5.Whether 6.Be 原型表让步。 Beit 7.Despite 8.Notwithstanding+sth 尽管 But notwithstanding itsancientlineage,itisopentothefollowingchallenge. 9.Albeit 虽然即使 Youaretobegivenonemethodofcommunicationwithyourrival,albeit indirectcommunication. 1.2原因 Since As Because For +句子
Asaresultofsth.=Asaconsequenceofsth由于sth,sth是原因。 Becauseof Owingtosth介词 Thanksto...后面原因一般是积极性的 Byvirtueofsth Onaccountof Bedueto Owetosth动词 Accountfor=resultin表示导致 Attribute 原因 Thus Hence So Therefore Excessivegreedisthereforeavicethatagoodsocietyshoulddiscourageifitcan. Assuch Asaresult最终，因此，结果 Asaconsequence/Inconsequence,... 1.4目的 So Sothat Shouldlawbeneutraltowardscompetingconceptionsofvirtue,sothatpeoplecanbefreetochooseforthems elvesthebestwaytolive? Inorderthat
逻辑连接词 一、表示时间关系 二、表示列举、举例 三、表示并列 并列连词（连接并列成分；表示句内或者句间的逻辑） Or, and, not only…but also…, both…and…，either…or…，neither…nor…副词、介词（短语）及其它： Also，too，as well （as），once again/once more，vice versa（反之亦然）
四、表示递进、补充与强调 Then，also/too，anyway/anyhow（无论如何），even，indeed，further，furthermore，moreover，what’s more（此外，而且），besides（than），in addition （to），additionally，best of all（最好的是），actually，in fact，in effect，above all（首先，最重要的是），most important，in particular，particularly（特别，尤其），especially，notably（尤其，特别）等 五、表示让步 1、表示让步 2、表示转折 并列连词：but；从属连词：though等。 副词、介词（短语）及其它： however，yet，still，nevertheless，notwithstanding； instead，instead of； not…but…，rather than； fortunately，unfortunately； in fact，in effect，otherwise。 六、表示比较 1、表示对比/相反 并列连词：while，whereas 而，然而（连接并列分词，表示分句间的对比）
1) 先后次序关系： at this time（这时候、此时）; first; second; at last; next; previously（以前）; simultaneously[saim?l'teini?sli]（同时）;eventually（最后）;last but not least（最后但并不是最不重要的）; to begin with（首先、本来）; to start with =for a start（首先）; first of all（首先，第一）;to end with（最后）; finally（最后）; since then(从那时以来); afterwards(然后、后来); following this： following This Trend顺应这种趋势；By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略following This Pattern下面这个模式；Following This Opinion由此来看 following This Way沿着这条思路；Following This Thought循此思路 following This Commitment根据这一承诺；Following This Example下面这位比如; preceding this（在这之前）. 2) 因果关系： because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor／reason of... ; since（既然、因为、由于、自…以来）; as（因为、依照、当…时、随着、虽然）; for; in that... (既然、因为、由于); owing to （由于，因为…）; due to; for the reason that...; in view of（鉴于、考虑到）; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so（因此、所以）...; consequently（所以、因此、结果）; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence（因此、结果）; as a consequence（因此、结果）; accordingly（因此、于是）; inevitably（不可避免地、必然地）; under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,eε?r?'p?n ]于是; seeing... （因为；鉴于；由于）; 3) 转折关系： but; even so（虽然如此，即使如此）; however; though（可是、虽然、然而、不过）; even though（虽然、即使）; independent of（不管）; despite that（尽管、不管）; in spite of that（尽管、不管）; regardless of（不管）; yet...（然而、但是）; and yet（可是、然而）; but unless（除非）. 4) 并列关系： and; also; too; as well as（也；和…一样；不但…而且）; either...，or...（不是…就是…；或者…或者…）; both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系： furthermore(此外、而且); moreover(此外、而且); further（更远地；进一步地；而且）; In this way（这样）; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; not only...but also...; not that…but that…（不是(因为)…而是(因为)…）; in addition (to)（另外，此外（除…之外））; additionally(此外), much more interesting, more specifically（更具体地说）, next（其次；然后）, besides（而且；此外；除…之外）; as far as... （至于，就…而言）；in other words(换句话说); on the one hand...，on the other hand...(一方面，另一方面); even（甚至；即使）; as a popular saying goes...( 常言说); in order to do it...( 为了做这件事); meanwhile(同时); at the same time; accordingly(因此，于是); In the first place...(首先)，in the second place...(其次、第二); equally important(同样重要); of even greater appeal(更吸引). 6) 比较关系： similarly（同样地）; in like manner（同样地）； in comparison with（与…比较）; when compared with（当和...相比时）; compared with（与...相比较）; when in fact...（而实际上；但事实上）; like...（如同）; likewise(也；同样地); apart from (doing)...( 除…之外；且不说；); ... rather than...( 而不是；宁可…也不愿)；by doing so(通过这样来做); both…and...; in the same way(同样地；以同样的方式); not only...but (also)； 7) 对照(不同点)： yet; still（但是；仍然；尽管如此）; notwithstanding(尽管，虽然); rather(宁可); neither ... nor(既不是…也不是…); although; though; but; however; conversely(相反地); unlike(和…不同，不像); opposed to(反对); as opposed to(与…截然相反) ; in contrast (to)(与此相反);
PART 1 逻辑连接词 让步 1. Although（更书面）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子 注：不能与but连用。 Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装 2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+ever No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句 Whoever（≠ no matter who）comes will be welcome. 3. …, as long as… You can do what you want, as long as you like. 4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。。。，表“纵使” Object as/though you may, I’ll go。 Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。 Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 5. Whether…or…正反两方面，。。。表“不论。。。与否” Whether you believe it or not, it's true. You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步。
?引入 first of all首先 to begin with首先 to start with首先 to outline the main points以概述要点 in order to decide whether or not要想对……做出抉择 ?承接 previously在此之前 preceding this在此之前 prior to this在此之前 next接下来 since then在此之后 afterwards在此之后 following this在此之后 ?最后 to end with最后 eventually最后 ultimately最后 finally最后 last but not least最后 ?因果关系 because因为 because of this因此 since由于 as由于 for因为 owing to由于 due to由于 for the reason that...由于 in view of因为 for such a reason由于 as a result of由……导致 therefore因此 consequently因此 as a result因此 thus所以 hence所以 so所以 so that所以 in consequence所以 as a consequence所以
consequently所以 accordingly因此 inevitably不可避免地 under these conditions在这种情况下 ?转折关系 but但是 even so即使如此 however然而 even though虽然 reckless of 尽管 despite 尽管 in spite of 尽管 regardless of尽管 while…yet…尽管……但是…… unless除非 nevertheless然而 whereas然而 although虽然 though虽然 on the contrary恰恰相反 ?并列关系 and和 also也 too也 as well as和 meanwhile同时 at the same time同时 simultaneously同时 both...and...……和……两者都 for one thing… for another...一方面……另一方面…… on the one hand… on the other hand…一方面……另一方面……not only...but also...既……又…… ?递进关系 furthermore此外 moreover此外 further此外 still还要，更 not...but...不但……而且…… in addition (to)此外 additionally进一步 more specifically更具体地说 next其次
first, second, third…finally firstly, secondly, thirdly…finally first of all, next then, lastly 表总结 On the whole, in conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary,,, in short, in general, generally speaking, above all, 过渡性连接词 表强调： still, indeed, of course, after all, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway, in fact, especially, obviously, clearly 表比较 like, unlike, similarly, in the same way, equally, similar to 表对比 by contrast, on the contrary, while., whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, different from , however, otherwise, yet, the former…the latter, once…now, some…other, years ago…today 表列举 for one thing… and for another, like 表举例 For example, for instance, such as, take…for example, except [for]
英文连接词 （1）表示承接的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，what's more, again，on top of that，another，first，second，third等。 （2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally··等。 （3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right/left，around，outside等。 （4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。 （5）表示转折的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，nevertheless，nonetheless，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。 （6）一方面，另一方面：on the one hand，one the other hand，for one thing，for another等。（7）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，then，thus，otherwise 等。 （8）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。 （9）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。 （10）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually，for instance 等。 （11）表示总结的过渡词：in a word，above all,，all in all，finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in another word，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated，last but not least等。 (12)表示转折的过渡词: But，However，Although / even though，Despite / despite the fact that，In spite of / in spite of the fact that，Nevertheless，Nonetheless，While，Whereas，Unlike，In theory… in practice…
?很显然，雅思写作模板的时代已经过去了。"英文写作逻辑和衔接"才是那条通往罗马的必经之路。参照雅思官方发布的评分标准，不难看出雅思对英文写作逻辑的重视："逻辑与衔接"(Coherence and Cohesion)为四项写作评分原则之一。 以6分的标准为例，写作评分标准中对"逻辑与衔接"是这样描述的： arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression (连贯地组织信息及论点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展); uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical (有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械) 所谓"清晰的推进行文发展"，至少要做到文章中使用到准确、有效的逻辑连词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词。信号词对于文章过程的连贯起到了作用,它也是英语写作中众多过渡 10类： (1)表示递进：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides ,furthermore, not only… but also…, along with, next, what’s more. (2)表示时间: after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately, then. (3)表示举例: for example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words, in fact. (4)表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise. (5)表示不同，即观点和我们所期望的观点不同(读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备)：Unlike, in contrast with\to, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, rather than. (6)表示因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, because of, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently, so…that. (7)表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that. (8)表示总结in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last. (9)表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, still, soon, later, initially. (10)表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case, suppose. 这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(Transitional Words\Phrases) 把文章有条理的衔接起来，使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。 然而，这些看似简单的词语，在实际写作中却不容易掌握。根据近几年学生作文的情况来看，大部分学生都开始有意识的使用连接词来达到语篇的逻辑连贯，但在使用上仍存在问题。下面我们重点分析逻辑连接词使用时几个常见的问题： 一、漏用逻辑连词。 如： 1Home-working enables employees to work at ease. For example, those with childcare responsibilities could arrange their schedule flexibly. 2Working at home ensures employers’ multiple options in human resource. 仔细理解不难发现其实1句和2句之间的关系是平等的，均属于观点句。为了让这两个句子凸显出相应的地位，以区别中间的举例部分，建议在1句和2句之前各添加表示递进的逻辑连词，如what’s more或in addition. 修改后如下文：
P A R T1逻辑连接词 1.1 让步 1. Although（更书面）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though （虽然，更偏事实性）+句子 注：不能与but连用。 Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装 2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+ever No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句 Whoever（≠no matter who）comes will be welcome. 3. …, as long as… You can do what you want, as long as you like. 4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。。。，表“纵使” Object as/though you may, I’ll go。 Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。 Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 5. Whether…or…正反两方面，。。。表“不论。。。与否” Whether you believe it or not, it's true. You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步。 Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. 7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of尽管. （不能加句子）
1.逻辑连接词 表原因: Because parents are the most intimate people to children, they absolutely should take the responsibility. 表结果: As a result, children would learn how to be qualified social members simply from imitating their parents. B. Exemplification 举例 举事例: 列数据: e.g.: According to a recent research, school education enables children to have the opportunity to communicate with social members of the same age. e.g.: Despite the fact that children are sometimes spoiled by the overwhelming parental love, it is still important for them to understand different social roles by learning from their parents. E. Explanation 解释说明
e.g.: First of all, language is a carrier of cultural identity of the people who speak it. In other words, a language is a representation of its speakers’ cultural background. 2. 口语中观点引出：
1)先后次序关系： at this time（这时候、此时）; first; second; at last; next; previously （以前） ; simultaneously[saim ?l'teini ?sli] （同时） ;eventually （最后） ;last but not least （最后但并不是最不重要的）; to begin with （首先、本来） ; to start with =for a start （首先） ; first of all （首先，第一）;to end with （最后） ; finally （最后） ; since then(从那时以来 ); afterwards( 然后、后来 ); following this ： following This Trend顺应这种趋势；By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略；只要遵循这项策略 following This Pattern下面这个模式；Following This Opinion由此来看 following This Way沿着这条思路；Following This Thought循此思路 following This Commitment根据这一承诺；Following This Example下面这位比如; preceding this （在这之前）. 2) 因果关系： because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于); another important factor ／ reason of... ; since（既然、因为、由于、自以来）; as（因为、依照、当时、随着、虽然）; for; in that... ( 既然、因为、由于); owing to （由于，因为） ; due to; for the reason that...; in view of （鉴于、考虑到） ; the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so（因此、所以） ...; consequently（所以、因此、结果） ; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence（因此、结果） ; as a consequence（因此、结果） ; accordingly （因此、于是） ; inevitably （不可避免地、必然地）; under these conditions( 在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况 下); thereupon [,e ε?r'p?n ]于是 ; seeing... （因为；鉴于；由于）; 3) 转折关系： but; even so（虽然如此，即使如此）; however; though （可是、虽然、然而、不过）; even though（虽然、即使） ; independent of（不管） ; despite that（尽管、不管） ; in spite of that （尽管、不管） ; regardless of（不 管） ; yet...（然而、但是） ; and yet（可是、然而） ; but unless（除非） . 4)并列关系： and; also; too; as well as（也；和一样；不但而且） ; either...，or...（不是就是；或者或者） ; both...and... 5) (补充 )递进关系： furthermore( 此外、而且 ); moreover( 此外、而且 ); further （更远地；进一步地；而且）; In this way （这样） ; still （但是；仍然；尽管如此）; not only...but also...; not that but that（不是 (因为 ) 而是 (因为 )） ; in addition (to) （另外，此外（除之外））; additionally( 此外 ), much more interesting, more specifically （更具体地说） , next（其次；然后） , besides（而且；此外；除之外）; as far as... （至于，就而言）； in other words( 换句话说 ); on the one hand... ， on the other hand...( 一方面，另一方面 ); even（甚至；即使）; as a popular saying goes...( 常言说 ); in order to do it...( 为了做这件事 ); meanwhile( 同时 ); at the same time; accordingly( 因此，于是 ); In the first place...( 首先 )，in the second place...(其次、第二 ); equally important( 同样重要); of even greater appeal( 更吸引 ). 6) 比较关系： similarly （同样地） ; in like manner （同样地）； in comparison with （与比较） ; when compared with （当和 ...相比时） ; compared with （与 ... 相比较） ; when in fact... （而实际上；但事实上） ; like... （如同） ; likewise( 也；同样地 ); apart from (doing)... ( 除之外；且不说；); ... rather than...( 而不是；宁可也不愿)；by doing so( 通过这样来做 ); both and...; in the same way(同样地；以同样的方式); not only...but (also) ； 7) 对照 (不同点 )： yet; still （但是；仍然；尽管如此）; notwithstanding( 尽管，虽然 ); rather(宁可 ); neither ... nor( 既不是也不是 ); although; though; but; however;conversely(相反地 ); unlike( 和不同，不像 ); opposed to(反对 ); as opposed to(与截然相反 ) ; in contrast (to)( 与此相反 );