英语连接词
连接词的意义分类
表递进moreover,inaddition,whatismore，furthermore,also,then,besides,etc.
表转折however,nevertheless,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,etc.
表层次ontheonehand,...ontheotherhand;first,...second,...finally;
表强调firstly,...secondly,...finally...;first,...then...etc.
表强调infact,indeed,actually,asamatteroffact,obviously,apparently,
表结果evidently,firstofall,undoubtedly,withoutanyshadowofdoubt,etc.
表结尾therefore,asaresult,then,consequently,accordingly,thus,etc.
表原因forthisreason,dueto,thanksto,because,becauseof,as,since,owingto.
表结果asaresult,thus,hence,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,asconsequence.
表总结onthewhole,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup,inbrief,insummary,toconclude,to summarize,inshort.
其他类型连接词
Mostly,occasionally,currently,naturally,mainly,exactly,evidently,frankly,commonly,forthispurpose, toalargeextent,formostofus,inmanycases,inthiscase,
表空间neartofarfrominthefrontofbesidebehindtotherighttotheleftontheothersideof
表举例forexampletonameafew,say,suchas
表递进inadditionfurthermorewhat’smorewhat’sworse
表对比whereaswhileasopposedtobycontrastbycomparison
表示时间与频率的词
汇:ingeneral,every,some,after,onthewhole,usually,most,atothertimes,inmostcases,frequently,mai n,finally,asarule,rarely,before,meanwhile.
表示附加的
词:additionally,aswellas,justas,again,alongwith,also,further,furthermore,likewise,inthesamemann er,inthesameway,inadditionto,
引出例子:forexample,namely,forinstance,asanexample,thatis
表示转
折:although,instead,ratherthan,but,nevertheless,though,however,ontheotherhand,otherwise
得出结论:allinall,inconsequence,inbrief,asaresult,thepointis,inconclusion,therefore,hence,insum. 表示增加的过渡词：also，and，andthen，too，inaddition，furthermore，moreover，again，
，soon
，above，below
等。
otherwise 等。
torepeat，
，inshort，
增补
inad
比较
对照
因果
强调
(Emphasis)certainly,aboveall,indeed,ofcourse,surely,actually,asamatteroffact,chiefly,especially, primarily,inparticular,undoubtedly,absolutely,mostimportant
6.让步(Concession)although,though,afterall,inspiteof,nevertheless,still,provided,whileitistrue....
7.例证
(Exemplification)forexample,forinstance,thatis,namely,suchas,inotherwords,inthiscase,bywayofill ustration.
总结
(Conclusion)tosumup,toconclude,inaword,inshort,inbrief,allinall,inall,toputitinanutshell,insummar y
推断(Inference)therefore,asaresult(of),consequently,accordingly,so,otherwise
时间和空间
(Timeandspace)afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,outside,near,beyond,above,below,ontheright (left),inthemiddle,opposite,infrontof
表示罗列增加（递进）
first,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,first,then/next,afterthat/next,finally/last/lastbutnotleast,an dequallyimportant,on(the)onehand…,ontheotherhand…,besides/what’s more/inaddition(tosth.)/fu rthermore/moreover/another/also/too,plus,aswell,especially/particularly/inparticular
表示时间顺序
now,atpresent,recently,after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,atfirst,atthebeginning(of sth.),tobeginwith,tostartwith
later,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly=allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themoment
or,and
表示概括归纳
inaword,inshort,inbrief,insummary,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,inmyopinion,asfarasI amconcerned,aswhathasbeenmentioned,tosumup,toconclude,inconclusion
表示“尤有进者”的意思：
Again,also,then,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,next,inaddition等，如：
①Jasonteachesdiligently.Besides,hewritesalot.
②Englishisausefullanguage.Foronething,itisanofficiallanguageintheUN.Then,itiswidelyusedinbu siness,scienceandtechnology.
表示“反意见”：But,however,still,yet,afterall,forallthat,inspiteof,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等，如：
③Jimisintelligentbutlazy.
④Singaporeisnotabigcountry.Onthecontrary,itisverysmall.
表示“困果关系”：
Therefore,so,hence,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等，如：
⑤Somepeopleareover-ambitious.Asaresult,theyareusuallyunhappy.
⑥Tomdidnotworkhard;hence,hefailed.
表示“比较关系”：
Likewise,similarly,inalikemanner等，如：
⑦Youcannotwriteswithoutapen.Likewise,youcannotcookwithoutrice.
⑧NooneisallowedtospeakMandarininanEnglishclass.Similarly,nooneisallowedtospeakEnglishina
表示“
⑨
een".
表示“
⑩
mple
negativeresults.Butwecantryourbesttoreducethenegativeinfluencetotheleastextent. Obviously,ineveryaspect,…
Thisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbet ween…and…
Astotheotherthree,thoughthegrowthrateswerenotsohigh,theywereindeedremarkableandimpressi ve.
表层进\表举例\表解释\表总结\表强调\表让步\表比较\表转折\表时间\表层进
first,firstlytobeginwithsecond,secondlytostartwith
third,thirdlywhat’smore
alsoandthen
andequallyimportant
besidesinaddition
furtherinthefirstplace stillfurthermore lastlastbutnottheleast nextbesides
toomoreover
finally
2.表举例forexampleforinstance toillustrateasanillustration afterall
3.表解释
4.
5.
6. concessiongrantednaturally ofcourse
7.表比较incomparisonlikewise similarlyequally howeverlikewise inthesameway
8.表转折bycontrastalthough atthesametimebut incontrastnevertheless
notwithstandingonthecontrary
ontheotherhandotherwise
regardlessstill
thoughyet
despitethefactthatevenso
eventhoughforallthat
howeverinspiteof
instead
9.表时间
afterawhileafterward
againalso
when
er
因果关系过渡词语
because(of),since,for,owingto,thanksto,asaresultof,consequently,forthereasonthat,therefore,hen ce
让步关系过渡词语
although,eventhough,inspiteof,despite
强调关系过渡词语
surely,obviously,particularly,indeed,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall
递进关系
inaddition,also,moreover,besides，what'smore
时间顺序
immediately,meanwhile,presently,shortly,since,soon,temporarily,while
方式手段
as,asif,theway，by
目的关系
sothat,lest，inorderthat
1)表层次:
First,firstly,tobeginwith,further,inthefirstplace
second,secondly,tostartwith,still,furthermore
third,thirdly,whatismore,last,lastbutnotleast
also,andthen,next,besides
andequallyimportanttoomoreover
2)
3)
4
5)
6)
7)
inotherwords
8)表总结：
insummaryinawordthusashasbeensaid
inbriefinconclusionaltogetherinotherwords
toconcludeinfactfinallyinsimplerterms
indeedinshortinparticularthatis
inotherwordsofcourseonthewholetoputitdifferently
namelyinallthereforetosummarize
表并列补充关系:whatismore,besides,also,aswell,moreover,furthermore,inaddition
表转折对比关
系:but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,differentfrom,incontrastto,de
spite,inspiteof,whereas,un?鄄
like,nevertheless,notonly...butalso,here...there,yearsago...today,this...that,theformer...thelatter,th en...now,thefirst...whereasthesecond,once...now,ontheonehand...ontheother,some...others
表因果关系:since,as,because（of）,for,so,thus,therefore,asaresult,sothat
表条件关系:if,onthecondition（that）,aslongas,unless,orelse
表时间关
系:when,after,before,until,assoonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,fromthenon,event ually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesametime,next,earlythismorning/year/century,afteranint erval,now,after,presently,later,after?鄄ward,somewhatlater,finally,atlast,allofasudden
表特定的顺序关系:aboveall,firstofall,firstly,first,secondly,the,next,finally,intheend,atlast
表换一种方式表达:inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway
1、
…近
,进入,了解
12.onone’sownaccount??1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益??2)(=atone’sownrisk)自行负责??3)(=byoneself)依靠自己??onaccount赊账;onaccountof因为;onnoaccount不论什么原因也不;of…account有…..重要性.??
13.take…intoaccount(=consider)把...考虑进去??
14.givesb.anaccountof说明,解释(理由)??
15.accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解释,说明.??
16.onaccountof(=becauseof)由于,因为.??
17.onnoaccount(=innocase,fornoreason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句?子要倒装)??
18.accuse…of…(=charge…with;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complainabout)指控,控告??
19.beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)习惯于.??
20.beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially??)熟悉??
21.acton奉行,按照…行动;actas扮演;actfor代理??
22.adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己适应于??
粘附;
件
36.aheadof在…之前,超过…;…………….aheadoftime提前.??
37.intheair1)不肯定,不具体.2)在谣传中.??
38.aboveall(=especially,mostimportantofall)尤其是,最重要的.??
39.inall(=countingeveryoneoreverything,altogether)总共,总计??
40.afterall毕竟,到底;(not)atall一点也不;??allatonce(=suddenly)突然;onceandforall只此一次;aboveall最重要的;firstofall首先;allinall大体上说;beallin累极了;allbut几乎.??
41.allowfor(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考虑到,估计到??.??
42.amountto(=tobeequalto)总计,等于.??
43.answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)对…负责.??
44.answerto(=conform.to)适合,符合.??
45.beanxiousabout为…焦急不安;或anxiousfor??
46.apologizetosb.forsth.为…向…道歉??
批准??
顾
60.attribute…to…(=tobelievesth.tobetheresultof…)把..归因于..,认为..是..的结果??
61.ontheaverage(=onaverage,onanaverage)平均??
62.(be)awareof(=beconsciousof,havingknowledgeorconsciousness)意识到,知道.??
63.atthebackof(=behind)在…后面??
64.inthebackof在…后部(里面);onthebackof在…后部(外面);beonone’sback(=beillinbed)卧病不起.??
65.atone’sback(=supportingorfavoringsb.)支持,维护;havesb.atone?’sback有…支持,有…作后台??
66.turnone’sbackonsb.(=turnaway fromsb.inanimpoliteway)不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃??
67.behindone’sback背着某人(说坏话)??
68.bebasedon??upon基于??
69.onthebasisof根据…,在…基础上??
70.beat…at在…运动项目上打赢??
)??
84.inbrief(=inasfewwordsaspossible)简言之??
85.inbulk成批地,不散装的??
86.takethefloor起立发言??
87.onbusiness出差办事.??
88.bebusywithsth.于某事。bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,stbutone倒数第二.??
90.butfor(=without)要不是.表示假设??
91.buysth.for…money用多少钱买??
92.becapableof能够,有能力??becapableofbeing+过去分词是能够被…的??
93.inanycase(=forloveormoney,atanyrate,atanyprice,atanycost??,whateverhappens;anyhow)无论如何??
94.incase(=forfearthat)万一;??
95.incaseof(=intheeventof)如果发生…万一??inthecaseof至于…,就…而言??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,mitoneselfto使自己承担…commitsb.toprison把某人送进监狱;commitone’sideatowriting 把某人的想法写下来;commitamattertoacommittee??把某事交给委员会讨论??
110.incommon(和…)有共同之处,共用.??becommontosb.是与某人所共有的??
111.keepcompanywith(=befriendlyandgoouttogether)和…要好.??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,pare…with…把…与…比较??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,pare…to…把…比作…??
114.bycomparison比较起来??
115.incomparisonwith(=incontrastto)和…比起来??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,pensatefor(=givesth.tomakeupfor)补偿,赔偿,弥补compensate?sb.forsth.赔偿,弥补??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,plainof(orabout)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事
情;complaintosb.aboutsth.(orsb.)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,plywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc.)遵守,依从??
然
处
??
131.beconfidentof有信心;?confidential机密的??
132.confine…to…把…限制在某范围内??
133.confirmsb.in使某人更坚定(信念等)??
134.conform.to(=beinagreementwith,complywith)符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey?服
从;2)observe;3)complywith照…办;4)keepto遵循;5)abideby服从;6)stickto按..做??
135.beconfrontedwith(=bebroughtfacetofacewith)面对,面临??
136.congratulatesb.on祝贺??
137.inconnectionwith(=withregardto)关于,??
138.beconsciousof(=beawareof)觉察,知道??
139.consentto(=giveagreementtopermission)同意??
140.inconsequence(=asaresult)结果??
141.inconsequenceof(=asaconsequenceof)由于…的结果??
142.underconsideration在考虑中??
145
,值得考虑的??
??
156.contributeto有助于??
157.undercontrol(被)控制住outofcontrol无法控制??
158.atone’sconvenience(=whereandwhenitsuitsone)在方便的时间或地点.beconvenientto??for 对…方便??
159.convincesb.of(=causesb.tobelieveorfeelcertain;topersuadesb.)??使某人确
信,trytopersuadesb.todosth.劝说某人做…??
160.copewith(=dealwith,trytofindasolutionto)应付,处理??
161.inthecorner(of)在角落里;on(at)thecomerofastreet在街道拐弯处;round??thecomer拐过
弯;beinatightcorner陷入困境??
162.correspond(with)(=exchangelettersregularly)通信??
163.correspondto相当于.correspondwith符合,一致??
164.atallcosts不惜任何代价.atthecostof以…为代价??
165.amatterofcourse理所当然的事??
166.asamatterofcourse当然地,自然地??
感到光荣??
170．
172．
(有)??
苦
恼
179.delightin(=takegreatpleasureindoingsth.)喜欢,取乐??
180.take(a)delightin喜欢干…,以…为乐??
181.demandsth.ofsb.向某人要求(非物质的)东西.demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求(物质的)东西?? 182.indemand有需求;ondemand受到要求时??
183.bedependenton依靠??
184.deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物??
185.derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derivefrom(=comefrom)起源于?? 186.despairof(=loseallhopeof)绝望??
187.indespair绝望??
188.despite(=inspiteof)不管,尽管??
189.indetail详细地??
190.deviatefrom偏离,不按…办??
,镇压??
205.have…todowith与…有关系??
206.withoutdoubt(=undoubtedly)无可置疑地??
207.indoubt(=inaconditionofuncertainty)对…表示疑惑??
208.bedueto是由于??
https://www.doczj.com/doc/8b4130516.html,eoffduty下班??
210.goonduty上班??
211.beonduty值班,值日,在上班时??
212.beindutyboundto(do)(=berequiredbyone’sjoboresp.byconscience)有义务(做)??
213.beeagerfor想得到,盼望??
214.byear(=playmusicfrommemorywithouthavingseenitprinted)凭记忆,不看乐谱??
215.haveanearfor(=havekeenrecognitionofsoundsesp.inmusicandlanguage)对..有鉴赏力??
230.tothateffect是那个意思的…??
231.emergefrom(=appear,becomeknown)出现,暴露(问题.意见等)??
232.place(orput,lay)anemphasison强调,把重点放在…上??
233.encouragesb.in鼓励;encouragesb.inhisherwork鼓励某人工作;encouragesb.inhisheridleness 怂恿某人游手好闲??
234.encouragesb.in…withsth.用…鼓励某人做某事??
235.onend(=continuously)连续地??
236.(be)atanend(=finished)结束了??
237.noendof(=verymanymuch)很多,大量
238.intheend(=finally,eventually)最终
239.atone’swit’send(=notknowingwhattodoortosay)无法可想,智穷计尽240.endupwith以…而结束
254.inanyevent(=whateverhappensinthefuture)无论如何,不管(将来)怎么样255.intheeventthat(=if)假如,如果.intheevent结果,实际情况是(常与but连用) 256.intheeventof(=incaseof)万一,即使发生..时
257.except除…以外;besides除…以外还有..
258.except(=but)除了。
259.exceptfor(=apartfrom)除…以外
260.(an)exceptionto…的例外
261.withtheexceptionof(=except,apartfrom)除去….,除…以外
262.inexcessof(=morethan)超过
263.exchange…for以…交换
264.exclusiveof(=nottakingintoaccount;without)不包括
265.inexcuseof作为…的借口
转
279.close(shut)one’seyesto不理会,视而不见
280.inone’smind’seye在心目中,在想象中
281.inthetwinklingofaneye一眨眼,转眼间
282.keepaneyeon(=keepawatchon)照看,监视
283.intheeyesofinone’seyes(=inthejudgmentof)在某人看来,在某人眼里
284.onthefaceofit(=judgingbywhatonecansee)表面看来
285.inthefaceof面对着(困难等情况)
286.inone’sface当着某人的面;facetofaced面对面;faceupto大胆面向287.failin(=beunsuccessfulin)失败
288.ingoodfaith(=honestly,sincerely)真诚地
289.keepfaithwith对…守信用
304.atfault(=inthewrong,blamable)有错
305.infavourof赞成
306.beinfavourwith受宠,受偏爱;
outoffavourwith失宠,不受宠
307.inone’sfavour(=toone’sadvantage)对.有利
308.(be)favourableto(=advantageous)有利的
英语写作常用词语和句子 一、常用的过渡词 1．用以解释的过渡词 now, in addition, for, in this case, furthermore, in fact… 2．表示强调的过渡词 certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important… 3．表示限制的过渡词 but, however, although, though, yet, except for… 4．用以举例的过渡词 for example, for instance, thus, such, next… 5．表示递进或补充的过渡词 in addition, furthermore, also, moreover, yet… 6．表达顺序的过渡词 first, second, third, afterward, meanwhile, thereafter, last, finally, eventually… 7．用以表示比较的过渡词 like, in the same way, similarly, equally important, too… 8．用以表示对比的过渡词 unlike, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, instead… 9．表示让步的过渡词 although, nevertheless, of course, after all, clearly, still, yet… 10．用以表达结果的过渡词 therefore, as a result, consequently, then, thereby, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, so, otherwise… 11．用以表示总结的过渡词 to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short, in a word, in the long run, in summary… 二、常用句子 1．比较 (1)The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. (2)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. (3)A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that… (4)It is reasonable to maintain that…, but it would be foolish to claim that… (5)For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. (6)Like anything else, it has its faults. (7)Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. (8)People used to think…, but things are different now. (9)the same is true of B. (10)Wondering as A is, it has its drawbacks. 2．原因 (1)A number of factors are accountable for this situation. (2)The answer to this problem involves many factors. (3)The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that… (4)The factors that contribute to this situation include…
常用程度和语句副词： 常用的程度副词包括： absolutely,almost,awfully,completely,considerably,deeply,entirely,exactly, extremely,fairly,greatly,hardly,immensely, increasingly, more and more, much, nearly, partly, perfectly, profoundly, quite, rather, scarcely, slightly, somehow, somewhat, thoroughly, to some extent, utterly, very. 常用语句副词包括： Actually,admittedly,certainly,clearly,definitely,evidently,fortunately,frankl y,honestly,luckly,more importantly,naturely,surprisingly,obviously,perhaps,preferably,probably,p ossible,strangely,superficially,surely,technically,theoretically,undeniably,u nexpectedly,unfortunately. 常用逻辑连接词： 1.因果关系：…and so …; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for; hence; for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so; …so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently 2.并列关系：and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also; in the same way; too 3.序列关系：first…,second…,third, and so forth; A…,B…,C…, and so
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health. The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans. Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening. 1. A In B Towards C On D Till 2. A match B express C satisfy D influence 3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern 4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed 5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled 6. A under B at C for D by 7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid 8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially 9. A Unless B Since C If D While 10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative 11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow 12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to 13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate 14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all 15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern 16. A made B served C saved D used 17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general 18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully 19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition 20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end up 解析：
摘要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题。写摘要主要包括三个步骤：（1）阅读；（2）写作；（3）修改成文。 第一步：阅读 A．认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B．给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。C．现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。 B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 1 / 19
E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。 5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” 可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子：“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” 2 / 19
英语连接词 连接词的意义分类 表递进moreover, in addition, what is more，furthermore, also, then, besides, etc.表转折however, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, etc. 表层次on the one hand, ... on the other hand; first, ... second, ... finally; 表强调firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc. 表强调in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, obviously, apparently, 表结果evidently, first of all, undoubtedly, without any shadow of doubt, etc.表结尾therefore, as a result, then, consequently, accordingly, thus, etc. 表例举in a word, in conclusion, therefore, in short, to sum up, etc. 表强调still, Indeed, apparently, oddly enough, of course, after all, significantly,interestingly, also, above all, surely, certainly, undoubtedly, in any case, anyway,above all, in fact, especially. Obviously, clearly. 表比较like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally.表对比by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead,but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet,in contrast. 表列举for example, for instance, such as, take ...for example. Except (for), toillustrate. 表时间later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at thesame time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meantime, in themeanwhile, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as,afterwards, temporarily, earlier, now, after a while. first after a few days eventually atthat time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on 表顺序first, second, third, then, finally, to begin with, first of all, in the first place,last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and most important.
根据对总结历年真题的总结发现，完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。 第一：并列关系。并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。 常考的标志词：and, and or so, not only…but also, neither nor, that is to say. 我们看一个真题： 1996(41)：They do not provide energy, ___do they construct or build and part of the body. [A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never 观察一下这句话，有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序，那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。同时，在本句中，逗号之前的句子有否定词，因此，横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件，第一可以前面的否定呼应，第二，可以引起句子倒装。所以，纵观四个选项，只有nor 满足两个条件，为正确答案。 第二：因果关系。因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系，前面叙述原因，后面叙述结果，反之亦然。但是，在历年考研完型填空中，经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组，为了帮助考生辨认，我将这些短语列出如下：bec ause, for, so that, such… that , in order that, due to, thanks to, in response to , considering that. 考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系，反过来，判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果，要能够从选项中选出这些短语。 第三：转折关系。常用逻辑连接词有but, yet, however, on the contrary, on the other hand.下面我们看一道真题。看看这样的问题我们应该怎样解决。 1996(50)Many people ,___,be lieve in being on the “safe side” and thus take extra vitamins. [A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhile 我们看这道题的四个选项，就是让我们选择逻辑关系词，所以，我们首先要判断前后两句的逻辑关系。上文说“尽管获取过量的维生素对身体没有营养价值，但获得足够的维生素对人的生命是至关重要的”而这句表达的大概意思为很多人——为了安全起见，服用额外的维生素。从这两句话，我们可以感觉出来是转折关系。因此，纵观四个选项，只有A表示转折，为正确答案。 第四：让步关系。常用逻辑连接词有although, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, regardless of, anyway, anyhow. 第五：递进关系。常用逻辑连接词有aslo, then, besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more. 我们来看一道考研真题。 1994 The words used by the speaker may _44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. __46___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make _47____ difficult for the listener to understand the __48___ which is being transmitted to him. 46 [A]Moreover [B]However [C]Preliminarily [D]Unexpectedly 我们看这道题，第一段文字是在说词汇可能会导致听话人错误的理解。而46空格后面继续说用词不准确会怎么样。由此，我们可以看出，这两段之间的关系应该是递进，即进一步说明用词不当会带来的后果。A选项刚好是递进关系比较常见的逻辑关系词。A为正确选项。第六：列举顺序关系。常用逻辑词有first, then, on one hand, some…others…still others. 最后一个短语如果出现，各位考生需要能够辨认出这种形式。 第七：对比关系。常用逻辑词有while, whereas, as, rather…than, instead of. 在对比关系的句子中，前后两部分应该有明显的对比成分。 例如：2007年(12)____most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism ____ the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the _____ of other faiths. 46 [A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While
开头常用万能句子： 1.Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of..., while others prefer... 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人持……的观点，而另外一些人则更喜欢…… 例句：Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotion concern, we find that some people hold the idea of living in the small town, while others prefer the big city. 基于个人经历、个性类型和情感关注的不同，我们发现有人喜欢生活在小城镇，而另外一些人则更喜欢大城市。 2.When asked about..., the vast/ overwhelming majority of/ most/ many/ quite a few people say/ think/ believe/ answer that... But... 当被问及……时，多数（大多数、许多）人认为（回答）……但是……例句：When asked about choosing living place, the vast people think that living in the big city is perfect. But I think living in the small town is the better choice. 当被问及在选择居住地方时，多数人认为居住在城市是很棒的。但是我觉得住在小城镇更好。 3.When it comes to ..., some think/ hold/ believe... 当提及……时，有人认为…… 例句：When it comes to sports, some believe basketball is the most popular one. 当提到运动时，有人认为篮球是最受欢迎的。 4.It has become apparent to us that... 对我们来说，……已经变得很明显了 例句：It has become apparent to us that living in a small town is more comfortable. 对我们来说，住在小城镇更加舒服。 5.Nowadays, it is commonly/ widely/ generally believed/ thought/ held that..., but I wonder/ doubt that... 如今，人们普遍认为……，但是我怀疑…… 例句：Nowadays, it is generally believed that living in a big city is convenient, but I doubt that living in a small country is more comfortable. 如今，人们普遍认为住在大城市更便利，但是我觉得住在小城镇更加舒服。 6.With the rapid growth of..., ...have/has become increasingly
§1.6逻辑联结词（一） 教学目标 理解逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”的含义及理解复合命题的结构. 教学重点 逻辑联结词“或”、“且”、“非”的含义及复合命题的构成. 教学难点 对“或”、“且”、“非”的含义的理解. 教学手段 粉笔、黑板 授课类型 新授课 课时安排 1课时 教学方法 讲授法 教学过程 一．情境设置 歌德是18世纪德国的一位著名文艺大师，一天，他与一位文艺批评家“狭路相逢”。这位批评家生性古怪，遇到歌德走来，不仅没有相让，反而卖弄聪明，一边高傲地往前走，一边大声说道：“我从来不给傻子让路！”面对如此尴尬局面，但见歌德笑容可掬，谦恭地闪在一旁，一边有礼貌地回答道：“呵呵，我可恰恰相反。”结果故作聪明的批评家，反倒自讨个没趣。 在这个故事里，批评家用他的语言和行动表明了这样几句语句： （1）我不给傻子让路（2）你歌德是傻子（3）我不给你让路。 歌德用语言和行动反击： （1）我给傻子让路（2）你批评家是傻子（3）我给你让路。 二、复习引入： 命题的概念：可以判断真假的语句叫命题 正确的命题叫真命题，错误的命题叫假命题 例如：①12>5 ②3是15的约数③0.5是整数 ①②是真命题，③是假命题 反例：④3是15的约数吗？⑤ x>8 都不是命题。 注：不涉及真假和无法判断真假的语句不是命题。 又如: “这是一棵大树”；“x＜2”．都不能叫命题．由于“大树”没有界定，就不能判断“这是一棵大树”的真假．由于x是未知数，也不能判断“x<2”是否成立． 注：疑问句、祈使句、感叹句都不是命题。 注意： ①初中教材中命题的定义是：判断一件事情的句子叫做命题；这里的定义是：可以判断真假的语句叫做命题.说法不同，实质是一样的 ②判断命题的关键在于能不能判断其真假，即能不能判断其是否成立；不能
. 逻辑连接词的定义和分类 逻辑连接词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词，在衔接手段中是比较复杂的一种，它标示 着一种只能通过参照其它部分才能完全理解篇章的关系, 因而是一种衔接。信号词对于文章 过程的连贯起到了作用, 它也是英语写作中众多过渡手段之一。Quick(1973)将连词、连接 副词、介词、介词短语等语篇连接词归入逻辑词范畴。这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(TransitionalWords\Phrases)把语篇有条理的衔接起来,使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。从形式上看，逻辑连接词可以由词、短语、从句三类语言单位充当（刘庆元，2000）；从意 义上看，逻辑连接词可以表示多种不同的语义关系。近年来，许多语言学家对逻辑连接词的 分类都发表了自己的见解，没有一个统一的标准，但有一方面是可以肯定的，它们所表示的 语义关系是多种多样的。最常见的分类方式如下： （1）表示增补，如：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides,furthermore, not only———but also, above all, as well as, togetherwith, along with, next, what’s more.（2）表示时间，如after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately,then.（3）表示举例，如for example, for instance, such as, that is, inother words, in fact.（4）表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似。如：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise.（5）表示不同，即观点和我们所期 望的观点不同。读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备。如：Unlike, in contrast with\to,whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however,yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, ratherthan.（6）表示 因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, becauseof, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently,so—that.（7）表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that, in thehope of.（8）表示总结：in a word, in conclusion, on the whole, in short,to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last.（9）表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, at thebeginning, one ,another, still, soon, later, initially.（10）表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case,suppose.（11）表示空间：above, across, beyond, in front of , next, adjacentto, to the left.（12）表示强调：chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, actually. 2. 写作中逻辑连接词的使用情况 根据近几年学生作文情况来看，大部分学生都开始有意识的使用连接词来达到语篇的连贯，但在使用上仍存在问题。 （1）有的逻辑连接词使用错误是因为对词语的意义把握偏差导致错用。如on the contrary 和in contrast; on the other hand 和otherwise; above all和firstly; at last和later. （2）有的学生滥用逻辑连接词。他们在主观上想尽量多用连接词语，以加强句际衔接，但 结果是连接词语过分堆积，造成多余。如: In the eyes of our parents and teachers, campus loveshouldn’t appear among college students. But gradually at last it becomesthe admission and popularity to college students.虽然中国学生在有意识地通过特定的手 段来表现内容是一个可喜的现象, 但中国学生过多地使用连接词也是一个不容忽视的问题。通过研究学者发现我们大学生在常写的议论文和说明文中,最常见的是表示举例、结果、转
考研英语作文常用句子总结 句型在英语学习中占有不可替代的作用，背诵一些有用的句子对于我们来说也是非常重要的。考研英语作文冲刺复习要注意积累，记忆一些好的句式。素材丰富了，大家才能下笔灵活，下面分享的这些考研英语常用写作句型，大家可以收藏。 1.The cartoon vividly shows an important truth that…漫画生动地揭示了一个重要的道理 2.As is vividly depicted in the drawings 漫画生动地描述了 3.Clearly, the cartoon reveals a very common problem in our society 很明显，漫画揭示了我们社会的一个普遍现象 4.The implied meaning of the drawings is that 漫画的寓意是 5.As is manifested in the cartoon 如漫画所示 6.The two drawings stand in a sharp contrast 两幅图形成了鲜明的对比 7.A ridiculous situation 一个可笑的场景 8.To grasp the full implication 充分理解寓意 9.With sweats trailing down the face 汗流满面 10.There is no denying that… 毋庸置疑…… 11.There is a general assumption that 人们普遍认为 12.To make careful decision 认真做决定
2020年考研英语一答案：完型填空（文字版） Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,1those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.
PART 1 逻辑连接词 1.1 让步 1. Although（更书面）= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=even though（虽然，更偏事实性）+句子 注：不能与but连用。 Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装 2. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+ever No matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句 Whoever（≠ no matter who）comes will be welcome. 3. …, as long as… You can do what you want, as long as you like. 4. 名词/表语/动词+ as（though）倒装，。。。，表“纵使” Object as/though you may, I’ll go。 Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。 Lover of towns as I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life. 5. Whether…or…正反两方面，。。。表“不论。。。与否” Whether you believe it or not, it's true. You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 6. Be原型+主语+表语（n, adj）= whether+主语+be动词+表语（n, adj）。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气，表让步。 Be it historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another. 7. Despite+n/ving = in spite of尽管. （不能加句子） Despite the fact that + 句子（太累赘） Despite myself, …情不自禁地… Her words were so satirical（讽刺的）that I lost my temper in spite of myself。 8. Notwithstanding +sth尽管 But notwithstanding its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge. 9. Albeit 虽然即使 You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, albeit indirect communication. 1.2 原因 Since