When Professor Quentin Bell, now 68, was a boy, he saw a vanishing lady. A conjuror raised a woman covered with a white sheet high above his head. After lying there for a moment supported by his hands, she disappeared. Many years later, the image still fascinates him—as we can see in his sculpture.
For Professor Bell is not only the biographer of his aunt, Virginia Woolf. He is an art historian, an academic and all his life has been an artist, too. He learnt to make pots in Staffordshire; he also studied sculpture at the Central School and painting in Paris. Until the 1950s he was a professional potter, but when university teaching began to take up most of his time, he started to concentrate on sculpture. Now that he no longer teaches, he spends most of the day in his studio.
―Quentin is in his shed,‖ said his wife Oliver, when we arrived at Cobbe Place, their old house near Lewes in Sussex. Quentin Bell, wearing jeans and smiling rather reticently, was at work on a study for a large female figure destined for the University of Leeds, where he was Professor of Fine Arts in the 1960s. She will be another of his ―levitating ladies‖, who are designed to look as though they are floating in space. There is one in the garden who seems to lie in mid-air above a flowerbed. She looks as if she’s made of stone, yet she is only supported by her long hair. Bell enjoys mystifying the locals. ―How ever do you keep her up, Mr. Bell?‖ His secret is glass fiber. Pantomime, the traditional Christmas entertainment for children in Britain, has never, as far as I know, become popular abroad, although the comic techniques employed in it owe a great deal to a clown of Italian origin, Joseph Grimaldi, whose performances in the early nineteenth century made him the best-loved man in the British theatre. Unfortunately, pantomime is almost as difficult to explain to anyone who has never seen it as the game of cricket. I once spent half an hour talking about cricket to a foreigner. At last, he could not help interrupting me. I had just said that the ball sometimes traveled at 100 km an hour and by this time he was sure I was making fun of him. He thought I had been talking about croquet. Pantomime, then, is the theatrical representation of a fairy story, like Cinderella, but its attraction lies in a number of stage conventions that have developed over the years. These conventions, while they seem quite normal to children who are used to them, are rather more complicated than you might expect. To begin with, the hero (such as the Prince in Cinderella ) is played by a girl. So is the heroine, in case you are wondering how far sex changes can go! But Cinderella’s sisters are played by men, and so on.
What is most surprising is that pantomime not only survives in 1980s but that it is as popular as ever. The main reason for this is that children are given the chance to to participate. They must warn the hero if the villain is coming and some of them go on to the stage to meet the comedian.
―How old are you?‖asks the
comedian.
―I’m twelve.‖
―That’s funny. When I was your age I
was thirteen.‖ Children love it.
The appeal of the world of work
is first its freedom. The child is
compelled to go to school; he is under
the thumb of authority. Even what he
wears to school may be decided for him.
As he grows up, he sees what it is to be
free of school and to be able to choose
job and change it if he doesn’t like it, to
have money in his pocket and freedom to
come and go as he wishes in the world.
The boys and girls, a year or two older
than he is, whom he has long observed,
revisit school utterly transformed and
apparently mature. Suddenly masters and
mistresses seem as out of date as his
parents and the authority of school a
ridiculous thing. At the moment the adult
world may appear so much more real
than the school world that the hunger to
enter it cannot be appeased by exercises
in school books, or talk of the
occupations. This may not be the wisest
of attitudes but it is a necessary part of
growing up, for every man and woman
must come sooner or later to the point of
saying ―Really, I’ve had enough of being
taught; I must do a proper job.‖Some
young people, maturing rapidly because
of out side influences, come to this
decision sooner than they ought. Yet in a
way this is not a bad frame of mind to be
in on leaving school. At work, the young
man makes one of the first great
acceptances of life—he accepts the
discipline of the material or the process
he is working with. ―The job must be
done‖in accord with some inexorable
process he cannot alter. He sees the point
of it and in doing so comes to terms with
life. The work process constitutes a
reality in some sense superior to that of
school, and this is why he so often longs
to get to grips with it. Nothing done in
school imposes its will in quite the same
way; if its wet games can be cancelled; if
the maths master is ill one can get on
with something else. But even the boy
delivering papers, like the driver taking
out his bus, discovers that one cannot put
it off because there is snow on the
ground, or the foreman is irritable, or he
himself is in a bad mood that morning.
To suggest that a creative writer,
in a time of conflict, must split his life
into two compartments, may seem
defeatist or frivolous; yet in practice do
not see what else he can do. To lock
yourself up in the ivory tower is
impossible and undesirable. To yield
subjectively, not merely to a party
machine, but even to a group ideology, is
to destroy yourself as a writer. We feel
this dilemma to be a painful one, because
we see the need to engage in politics
while also seeing what a dirty degrading
business it is. And most of us still have a
lingering belief that if a thing is
necessary it is also right. We should, I
think, get rid of this belief, which
belongs to the nursery. In politics one
can never do more than decide by acting
lesser of two evils, and there are some
situations from which one can only
escape by acting like a devil or a lunatic.
War, for example, may be necessary, but
it is certainly not right. Even a general
election is not exactly a pleasant or
edifying spectacle. If you have to take
part in such things –and I think you do
have to –then you also have to keep part
of yourself inviolate. For most people
the problem does not arise in the same
form, because their lives are split already.
They are truly alive only in their leisure
hours, and there is no emotional
connection between their work and their
political activities. Nor are they
generally asked, in the name of political
loyalty to debase themselves as workers.
The artist, and especially the writer, is
asked just that –in fact, it is the only
thing that politicians ever ask of him. If
he refuses, that does not mean that he is
condemned to inactivity. One half of him,
which in a sense is the whole of him, can
act as resolutely, even as violently if
need be, as anyone else. But his writings,
in so far as they have any value, will
always be the products of the saner self
that stands aside, records the things that
are done and admits their necessity, but
refuses to be deceived as to their true
nature.
The readers of the more popular
press are clearly not only working-class
people, though working-class people
must form the majority if only because
they are a majority of the total
population. No doubt these journals
realize that the biggest single group they
can aim at is that comprising the large
proportion of the population who leave
school for good at the age of sixteen. The
scholarship system introduced after the
Second World War may have had an
effect on the working classes. It is of
course important not to confuse the
intellectual minority with the earnest
minority: a sense of social purpose need
not accompany the possession of brains.
Nor do all those who enjoy advanced
education abandon their social class
emotionally or physically. Nevertheless
the intellectual minority used to stay
within the working class more than it
does nowadays. Its members were able
to improve the status of all working-class
people because they were among the few
who could meet the managers in other
classes on their own ground, that of the
intellect. The scholarship system meant
that many working-class children left
their social class by a process of
education. The home background of
middle-class children may have made it
easier for them to win scholarships; and
a few working-class children still could
not take them up, or had to leave school
early because of financial pressure. But
most of them went to grammar schools
and a substantial proportion of them left
their social class. Few people regretted
that clever children in the
working-classes had a greater chance of
obtaining posts appropriate to their
abilities. But even if the term
―working-classes‖is not used, there
exists a great body of people who have
to perform the more mechanical jobs. We
must therefore take into account the fact
that they are now likely to include a
smaller proportion of the
critically-minded than before. And this is
happening at a time when those who
seek the money and favor of working-people know how to attract them and have sophisticated market research at hand to help them. We must be on our guard against developing a new kind of class system, one based on literacy but at least as firm as the old.
第八单元完形填空
Visions of the future in modern fiction are seldom optimistic. What is it that makes them so depressing? Are most creative artists pessimists at heart or is it simply that they see little to approve of in technical progress? I would be inclined to favor the second alternative if it were not for the fact that earlier writers like Jules Verne and H. G. Wells do not seem to have shared their misgivings. The best-known books of this kind in English are Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and 1984, by George Orwell. Although there are superficial resemblances between them, they are not really very much alike. Huxley’s Britain in 2500 is a well-organized sensual paradise but it offers very little scope to the individual. Human beings are conditioned from their artificial birth to fulfil a social role. Only on an Indian reservation in New Mexico dose life remain unchanged. It was not thought worth taking the trouble to educate the Indians in the new methods.
Orwell’s book carries the message that once the world becomes divided between dictatorships, human beings can be made to do whatever they are told to. Children are instructed to spy on their parents. Adults like the hero, Winston Smith, are employed to rewrite history so that it will always show that the dictatorship was right. There is no escape. Any attempt to express oneself as an individual is discovered and the person is brainwashed. At the time when Orwell wrote 1984, it was fashionable for intellectuals to admire Stalinist Russia. They thought of it as the opposite of Nazi Germany. Not long before his death, Orwell published this warning in the hope that people would realize that all dictatorships are basically the same. The world of 1984 is one where the greatest crime is to think for oneself, instead of accepting what one is told by the state.
第九单元完形填空
Huxley and Orwell are not the only modern writers to have looked into the future and seen disaster. But neither in Brave New World nor in 1984 was the atomic bomb responsible. It plays a major part, however, in The Planet of the Apes and its sequel (at least as far as the film versions taken from Pierre Boulle’s original book are concerned). In Boulle’s story there was a planet where apes and men had changed places in society. In the films, however, this theme was linked to that of nuclear war, making them more topical. The astronauts eventually realized that they have returned to Earth two thousand years later. If men have resigned themselves to becoming the slaves of apes it is because of a nuclear catastrophe.
A more subtle treatment of the same theme occurs in John Wyndam’s novel, The Chrysalids. The hero is a boy growing up in a strict puritanical community rather like a pioneering
settlement in the American West. Only as
the novel develops do we begin to
understand that the strange laws of the
community, one of which is that babies
born with any physical abnormality are
immediately killed, are hardly explicable
in terms of the past.
What Wyndham is describing is a
community in northern Canada some
hundreds of years after an atomic war.
Here the effects have been comparatively
light but the boy’s uncle, who has been a
sailor, tells him of voyages south where
nothing can be seen but blackened ashes.
Wyndham, in spite of what may seem to
you like total pessimism, has a message
of hope, too. The boy, together with his
cousin, the girl he loves, and a few
friends, has exceptional telepathic gifts.
Their ability to read each other’s
thoughts saves them from his father’s
anger and they make mental contact with
some people in a place called Seeland,
which has also escaped the worst effects
of the holocaust. When the children
appeal for help, the Seelanders rescue
them. Seeland, it turns out, is what we
call New Zealand.
第十一单元完形填空
On the second day of air traffic
controllers’work to rule at Heathrow
airport the situation was plainly going
from bad to worse. On arriving at the
airport yesterday afternoon, I found
thousands of holiday-makers queuing at
check-in points, seeking some
information about their flights. The
breakdown in talks between the union
and the management led to an immediate
go-slow on Friday night, which has since
escalated into the threat of total strike
next weekend.
A British Airports Authority
spokesman, commenting on the news,
said, ―We thought this would happen.
The reason for it is that the Government
refuses to authorize the 20 percent salary
increase we agreed with the union last
month. We were aware that the rise was
not in line with Government pay policy,
but we wanted to avoid people being
inconvenienced.‖The go-slow, which
coincides with the busiest holiday
weekend of the year, has already caused
many flights to be canceled.
Holiday-makers faced a long wait
before eventually reaching their
destinations. June Kenny, of Manchester,
was a typical case, ―We were going to fly
to London on our way to Ibiza, but when
we got to the airport in Manchester, they
told us to catch a train. There were no
airport buses in London so we took a taxi.
It cost us fifteen pounds. We’ve been
waiting here all day but we still don’t
know when our plane will take off.‖
The General Secretary of the Union
regretted having caused the public
inconvenience and blamed the
Government for taking no action. But he
added that he was sure the public would
sympathize with his members’ attitude.
第十三单元完形填空
Sharing even such a big thing
as a marquee with 50 monkeys was an
exhausting experience, for these lively
animals can create an awful lot of
trouble when they give their minds to it.
Of all the monkeys we had, there are
three that I remember best. These were
Footle, the moustached monkey, Weekes,
the red-headed mangabey, and, last but
not least, Cholmondeley, the
chimpanzee.
Footle, when he arrived in the camp,
was the smallest monkey I had ever seen,
for with exception of his long tail, he
would have fitted very comfortably into
a teacup, and then left a certain amount
of room to spare. His fur was a peculiar
shade of green, and his chest was like a
nice white shirt front; his head, like that
of most baby monkeys, liked much too
big for his body. But the most
astonishing thing about him was the
broad curved band of white fur across
his upper lip, which made him look as
though he had a big moustache. I had
never seen anything quite so ridiculous
as this tiny monkey wearing this
enormous Santa-Clause-like decoration
on his face. For the first few days Footle
lived in a basket by my bed and had to
be fed with milk from a feeding bottle.
The bottle was about twice his size and
he used to fling himself on it with cries
of joy when it take it away before he had
finished. He would not even let me hold
the bottle for him, presumably in case I
stole any of the contents, and so he
would roll about on the bed with it in his
arms, looking just as if he were wrestling
with an airship. Sometimes he would be
on top, sometimes the bottle, but whether
he was on top or underneath, Footle
would still suck away at the milk.
Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)
第一节动词的时态 一、一般现在时： 1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用 一般将来时态。 例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams. 2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法： 1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事。 2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事。 3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。 三、一般将来时： 1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将 开始。 3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行 时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 四、进行时态： 重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。 When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时？”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”，该从句用进行时态。例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry. I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis. 五、现在完成时：
2019年公共英语三级试题：完形填空（5） Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same 1 , but each perceives 2 different about it. Perceiving goes 3 in our minds. 4 the three people who look out of the window, 5 may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a 6 . Another may say that he sees a 7 traffic jam at the 8 . The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to 9 the street with four children 10 tow. For perception is the 11 interpretation of what the 12 in this case our eyestell us. Many psychologists today are working to try to 13 just how a person 14 or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific 15 these psychologists 16 experiments in which they can control all of the 17 .By measuring and charting the 18 of many experiments, they are trying to 19 what makes different people perceive totally different things 20 the sanme scence. 1.A.scenery B.scent C.scene D.vision 2. A.somethingB.nothingC. anythingD.things 3. A.throughB.onC. forwardD.backward 4. A.OfB.BetweenC. ForD.Upon 5. A.youB.sheC. theyD.one
2020年公共英语PETS三级完形填空模拟试题 Directions Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEETl. Text A special lab at the University of Chicago is busy only 26 . It is a dream 27 where re-searchers are at work 28 dreamers. Their findings have concluded that 29 dreams from three to seven times each night, 30 in ordinary life a person may 31 none or only one of his dreams. While the 32 sleep, special machines 33 their brain waves and eye movements as well as the body movements that 34 the end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects 35 soundly. 36 say that a person usually fidgets(烦躁).before a dream. 37 the dream has started,his body relaxes and his eyes 38 more active, as if the curtain _ 39 _on a show. When the machine 40 that the dream is over, a buzzer wakes the 41 . He sits up, records his dream,and goes back to sleep-perhaps to _ 42 some more. Researchers have found that if the dreamer, is 43 immediately after his dream,he can usually recall the entire dream. If he is allowed to sleep even 44 his . 45 0f the dream will have faded. That's why most people have many dreams at night, but forget most of them in the morning. 26. [A] at noon [B] in the morning [C] at night [D] in spring
2019年公共英语三级试题：完形填空（12）Bill Fuller, the mailman, whistled cheerfully as he walked up the hill towards Mrs. Carters house. His work for the day 1 , his bag, usually quite heavy when he started out on his rounds, was empty now 2 the letter that he had to deliver to Mrs. Carter. She lived 3 blocks away, so when Bill had mail for her, he always finished his days work 4 later. He did not 5 this though, because she never failed to ask him in 6 coffee and a piece of her special cake. When Bill 7 Mrs. Carters house, he was surprised not to find her working in the yard. She usually 8 her afternoon when the weather was good. Bill went around to the back of the house, thinking that she 9 in the kitchen. The door was locked and the curtains were drawn. Puzzled, he returned to the front of the house and knocked loudly on the front door. There 10 . Bill thought that this was very strange because he knew that Mrs. Carter 11 left the house. Just then he noticed that her bottle of milk. Which is always delivered early in the morning, was still on the porch. This 12 him. If Mrs. Carter had not 13 her milk, maybe she 14 . Bill walked around the house 15 he found an open window. It was a small window, but he 16 to get through . He went into the hall. There he was almost stumbled over Mrs. Carter, who 17 unconscious at the foot of the stairs. Realizing that he 18 get help, he rushed 19 the house, stopped
Unit 1 Script 1 Talia: It's all so incredible, Mom. I’m working on a story about one of the national soccer players, Nick Crawford… No, that's the thing. He knows that one of his teammates has framed him. And I believe he's innocent. Talia: Look, Mom, I have to go. I’II call you tomorrow, OK? Bye. Yes, yes, me, too. Bye．Nick：Hi．I came as soon as I could．What’s up? Talia：I’ve been thinking about this all day…. Now tell me, again：When and how did you meet this Jackie Baker woman? Nick：I’ve already told you．She came up to me at the juice bar．We set up a meeting．Talia：Right．At her office．Except you never went up to her office．Nick：Right, so she meets me in the lobby, we shake hands , and she takes me to lunch．Talia：Yes, to a little place around the corner, as I recaII. Nick：Right. And then she asks me to endorse a new pair of shoes. Talia：Yeah. You told me they’re called Kicks. Nick：Right. And she explains that I’ll have to wear the shoes when I play. And the company will use my name in the ads. Talia：OK. Can you think of anything else? Nick：Well, we did talk about an idea for a Kicks commercial． Talia：A commercial? What commercial? Nick：I told you about that, didn’t l? They wanted me to be in a commercial． Script 2 Talia：Hang on a second. You never said anything about a commercial. I wanna hear more about this. Don’t leave out any details. This could be important．Nick：OK. So, over lunch she describes the deal… Jackie：So，you’ll wear our shoes when you play. And we’ll use y our name in ads. Do that and fifty thousand dollars is yours. Nick：Sounds good. And this will be sometime next year? Jackie：Uh, yeah, that’s right. We can work out the details later for this, but we’ll probably want you to appear in a commercial.i Nick：Cool! Jackie：In fact. I'm working on an idea for a commercial right now. Do you wanna hear about it? Nick：Sure. Jackie：OK. Picture this. You’re sitting in a park. On a bench. It’s a beautiful spring day. Nick：So far, So good. Jackie：OK. A young kid comes up to you and says, ―Hey! Aren’t you Nick Crawford, the soccer star?‖ Nick：Uh—huh. Jackie：And you say, ―That’s me. ‖Or something like that． Nick：Right．
Unit One An Image or a Mirage V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Y our happiness will be based on it. Y ou will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the
2019年公共英语三级试题：完形填空（13）In my neighborhood there were two 1 stores. They were 2 next door to each other, and the owners were 3 enemies. They were having price wars constantly. In one window would appear the 4 sign: For sale. Irish linen sheets, with such minor flaws that 5 hawkeye could find them. The ridiculous low price of $ 6.50. Everyone would then traditionally 6 the reply from the other bargain house, and in about two hours it would appear in the window: My sheets are 7 Romeo is to Juliet and only $ 5.95. 8 the sign war, the two owners would often appear outside their stores, screaming and 9 at each other, and often times coming close to actual blows. Finally one of the owners would stop 10 the price war, claiming the other one was crazy and 11 was anyone who bought from him. That was the starters gun 12 . Everyone in the neighborhood would rush into the 13 bargain store and 14 the entire stock of sheets and pillowcases. One day one of the owners 15 . A few days later, the other owner moved out of the neighborhood, 16 again. When the new occupants of the stores 17 their properties more closely, they discovered a secret passageway between the two apartments above the stores where the 18 owners had lived.
《大学英语三》之《新时代交互英语三》346题New Era Interactive English 3 Unit 1 (67题) Another Busy Day Part I Vocabulary Matching: Section A: Match the word or phrase with their corresponding definition. 1. above and beyond A. a successfully completed part of a course at a university or college 2. cheerful B. interested in or taking part in an activity or event 3. confident C. showing the characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing 4. credit to D. to spend time or have fun with friends 5. depressed E. to separate a task into parts over a period of time 6. energetic F. not part of the course that a student is doing at a school or college 7. exhausted G. much more than 8. extracurricular H. to leave or escape 9. in a bad mood I. being the only one or being without a like or equal 10. involved J. not usual, common, or ordinary 11. laid-back K. happy and feeling good 12. nervous L. sure that you can do something well 13. relaxed M. very sad 14. tense N. very active 15. to get away O. extremely tired 16. to hang out P. calm or relaxed, with a tendency not to worry about anything 17. to space out Q. worried or frightened about something, and unable to relax 18. typical R. more calm and less worried 19. unique S. nervous and anxious 20. unusual T. feeling unhappy or angry Section B (P. 3): For each word or phrase in Column I, please find its antonym (反义词) from Column II.
如果要给当代关于克隆的争论找出一个守护圣徒的话，安迪·沃荷当之无愧。沃荷不仅认为每个人都有15分钟的成名时刻，例如律师、哲学家、神学家以及在伊恩·维尔穆特成功克隆多利羊后，发现他们自身特长成为有线电视台夜间道德评论节目热捧对象的生物伦理学家；沃荷同时将“克隆”也就是同一现象的重复复制推向了大众文化的中心。除了复制玛丽莲·梦露图片和金宝汤图案以外，人类现在克隆了羊。遗憾的是，主导目前克隆争论的正是沃荷夸大其词的能力，而不是他的智慧和另类观点。 如果我们用评判一篇有说服力的哲学或法律分析的标准去武断地评判评论员文章、受欢迎的脱口秀和夜间广播节目，那会有失公允。但大众媒体应该更多地将有思想的公共讨论引向关于人类和非人类动物克隆的法律、道德、政治、医学和科学角度。 《自然》杂志公布了伊恩·维尔穆特从一只成年羊乳细胞中成功克隆出多利羊的消息后，我和我在哈斯汀斯研究中心的同事们一样，接受了几家媒体采访。虽然采访前我向一家洛杉矶电台广播员清楚地表明我不是一个神学家，也不代表任何宗教组织，但录音时我还是被出乎意料地问到上帝如何看待克隆以及克隆是否“违背自然创造”。可以想像，广播员不希望讨论宗教伦理学家如何就克隆道德性问题进行早期公开演说。相反，他只是想让我对此有一个剧烈的回应，然后无神论者、不可知论者以及各式各样的宗教信徒就会蜂拥地打电话到广播电台。 除了不停地给公众灌注夸张的惊呼声和文字版本以外，媒体们一致将焦点放在涉及克隆人的问题上，却几乎一点也不关注克隆非人类动物所带来的道德影响。我们当然要讨论克隆人的伦理性，但克隆非人类动物已经发生并值得引起人们思考其伦理性问题。 虽然我怀疑我们能否为克隆动物找到具有说服力的论证，但不应该忽视实际上进行这样的论证与仅仅假设非人类克隆总是没有问题的这两者之间的区别。很显然，人类很多时候已经把非人类动物视为商品，比如作为食物来源。但如果克隆动物的目的是为了把它们作为“医药工厂”原料，用来制造胰岛素和其它物质，治疗人类疾病，就应该引起我们思考这种态度应该延伸多远的问题。人类使用其它物种应该遵循什么样的道德义务？给人类带来的潜在医用价值是否大于鼓励人们把非人类动物视为工具并用来满足人类目标所产生的危险性？这些问题应该成为公众关于克隆讨论的一部分。考虑到一些人对于使用陷阱捕捉野生动物的关注，对于饲养动物生活环境的关注以及在医药研究中使用和对待动物问题的关注，我觉得这方面公众信息的不足比较令人费解。 媒体对于克隆问题疯狂聚焦，这其中最重要的问题是简单地假设人类只不过是他们基因的产物，这种观点通常被称为“基因本质主义”。电视主持人和电台广播员提出是否有可能组建一支全部由迈克尔·乔丹克隆人组成的篮球队。而哲学家、神学家和其他专家已经郑重对此重申回应说，人类行为毫无疑问与基因成分有关，但是包括子宫环境、家庭动态、社会环境、营养和其它个人历史在内的一系列因素在个人发展过程中也发挥重要作用。因此，从一个出色运动员DNA中产生的克隆人也有可能对体育不敢兴趣。 这条更为复杂的信息已经引起了更多媒体关注，我们仍然继续听到描述富人有天可能复制出他们自己，或者拥有换致命疾病小孩的父母可以创造出小孩复体之类的故事。纽约大学科学社会学家多罗西·内尔金所指的“像天命一样的DNA”似乎还在给大众媒体带来震撼。 更重要的是，克隆问题反应出大众媒体希望通过暗示科学“进步”不可停止来培育人们对于技术和科学决定论的态度。当然，许多科学家也赞成这些看法，并且时常拒绝承担 他们参与可能导致人类灾害有关研究的道义责任。但是科学家不应该仅仅只做他们的研究，而把道德论证留给他人去做。他们应该参与公众关于一些科学项目是否有害以及是否应该继续进行的讨论，因为这些项目会带来不合理的、非人性化的影响。许多核物理学家公开批评核武器就是一个很好的例证，他们在限制
UNIT1 12/12 1、Hi, my name is Emily. And the reason I took this class is because I sort of thought it might help me with my public speaking.I'm kind of nervous when it comes to speaking in front of crowds. And I thought maybe a drama class would help me get more comfortable in front of a lot of people. I'm pretty uncomfortable right now because this is really my very first time speaking in front of a lot of people. But I thought I'm going to take the class, and then maybe, if I really get brave I might even try out for maybe a play, or [or] a musical ...I'm not a very good singer, [but] but I maybe would be a good actor. And, I think if I take the class, and maybe play some theater games and learn some lines and practice some scenes that maybe, maybe I would become good. 1B/5
作文 1. Recent years, with the development of our economic, the gap of urban-rural development has reduced to some extent. However, some disparities still exist. Compared with city dwellers, rural residents are used to filling up and eating much meat. City dwellers pay more attention to the balance of nutrition. In the way of dressing, people living in urban city often pursue brands, fashion and colors. On contrary, people who live in country dress just for dress. On education, we can easily find that urban students own better and richer hardware and software resource. Besides, they can get in touch with various knowledge and cultures. Rural students, most of them, get textbook knowledge only coming from teachers. However,Cities are a hub for industrialization. There are more factories and businesses, making the areas more polluted. Additionally, the increased population in cities makes the ground more likely to be marred by litter and heavy use.Generally, the convenience of cities makes them costlier.City living may reduce the need for a car,live in smaller living spaces, In contrast, the upkeep of larger country homes may require more natural resources. These are just a few differences between them. We should make great efforts to reduce the gap and make a contribution to rural development. Then China will become strengthened. 2. Last year, I traveled to shan xi province with my friend. As we all know the most distinguishing cate in shan xi is flour-made dishes. Y et, among them, I’am most impressed with glass dumplings. Generally speaking, a glass dumpling is three or four times the size of a common dumpling. From its transparent skin, we can clearly see what stuff is filled. Its skin often is made with naked oats and starch. As for stuffing, it depends on your taste. If you like vegetables, you can add in tomatoes, carrots,chives,black fungus and some spice. If you like meat, OK, you can add in meat. After steaming about 30minutes, the delicious dish is fine which has various ways of eating, for example, dipping broth, dipping vinegar or having it directly. Have a bite and you will find it flexible chewy. Glass dumplings are not only toothsome, but are healthy on account of containing DF. Eating more grain roughage can promote balanced nutrition. So I like glass dumplings best! 3. In modern times, people have more and more kinds of entertainments. It’s not enough to take simple and common activities. Dangerous sports and other dangerous activities are popular with people, like bungee jumping, climbing snow bergs, etc. But why do people like these items? I think being under severe stress is a main reason. Only in these ways can they relax themselves, abreacting mood and take their mind off their work for the moment. In addition, there are some people liking exploring, and they are eager to be close to nature. Doing these items will increase their knowledge, richening life experience, expanding their horizons and open mind. Surly, a part of youths just seek excitement and danger, believing that nothing can stop them and life should be colorful.
2019年公共英语三级试题：完形填空（10） The usual recommendation for a bad back was to put a board under the mattress or buy a bed thats as hard as a board, and just as uncomfortable. However, sleep researchers recognize that 1 support comes from a surface that contours to your natural 2 with the right degree of 3 for correct skeletal support. Many so-called orthopaedic beds have just ordinary coil springs made heavier and hard. The 4 and support is flat and 5 and unnatural. The spine is forced up but this 6 pressure points on the soft parts of the body which tend to 7 blood flow. So you toss and turn to 8 pressures and seek comfort. Sleep is 9 . Slumberland experts have developed a spring form that is now 10 world wide. Instead of 11 coils it is an 12 system of support 13 from supple steel wire. The whole system works together to 14 your weight 15 . You get firm healthy support for your back, particularly the 16 of the back. Slumberland ORTHOFIRM will help you feel relaxed and comfortable while at the same time youll 17 the secure support of your back. University research and hospital Xray tests have shown the 18 of the Slumberland system. And its support and resilience has been well proven with 19 on TV. If you are seeking a true back-care bed, 20 the Slumberland