assistant
英[??s?st?nt] 美[??s?st?nt]
n. 助手，助理; [化学]（染色的）助剂; 辅助物; 店员，伙计; adj. 助理的; 辅助的; 有帮助的; 副的;
变形复数: assistants
He liked the Secretary no better than his assistant.
他讨厌这位大臣的程度几乎和讨厌大臣的助理一样bartender
英[?bɑ:tend?(r)] 美[?bɑrtend?(r)]
n. 酒吧间销售酒精饮料的人，酒吧间男招待;
变形复数: bartenders
Each time he gave the bartender a good tip.
每次他都给侍者优厚的小费.
memorise
英['mem?ra?z] 美['mem?ra?z]
vt.记住，熟记;
An actor must be able to memorise his lines.
演员须善于熟记台词.
model
英[?m?dl] 美[?mɑdl]
n. 模型; 模特儿; 模式; 典型;
vt.& vi. 做模特儿;
vt.模仿; 制作模型，塑造; 将…做成模型;
adj. 典型的，模范的;
变形过去分词: modelled复数: models 过去式: modelled现在分词: modelling第三人称单数: models
He wants companies to follow the European model of social responsibility.
他希望各公司能够以欧洲公司为榜样，承担社会责任
earn
英[?:n] 美[?rn]
vt.& vi. 赚得; 获得; 赢得; 博得;
vt.赚，赚得; 获得; 挣得; 使得到;
变形过去分词: earned 过去式: earned 现在分词: earning 第三人称单数: earns
Ray will earn his keep on local farms while studying.
雷求学期间会在当地的农场干活赚取生活费。
affect
英[??fekt] 美[??f?kt]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS | TOEFL
vt.影响; 假装; 感动; （疾病）侵袭;
n. 感情，情感，心情; [精神病学]（表露或觉察到的）情绪反应;
变形过去分词: affected 过去式: affected 现在分词: affecting 第三人称单数: affects
Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.
住房条件差、家庭压力大会影响身心两方面的健康。
dislike
英[d?s?la?k] 美[d?s?la?k]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研
vt.不喜欢; 厌恶;
n. 厌憎; 讨厌;
变形过去分词: disliked 复数: dislikes 过去式: disliked 现在分词: disliking 第三人称单数: dislikes
词根词典
前缀
dis-
1. 表示"分开,分离,去掉";
2. 表示"否定,不,消失掉"
adj.
disgraceful
可耻的, 不名誉的
dis否定,不,消失掉+graceful优美的→adj.可耻的, 不名誉的
dishonest
不诚实的
dis否定,不,消失掉+honest诚实的→adj.不诚实的
disinclined
不愿的
dis否定,不,消失掉+incline愿意→adj.不愿的
dispassionate
平心静气的
dis否定,不,消失掉+passionate有激情的→adj.平心静气的
dissolute
放荡的,无节制的
dis否定,不,消失掉+solute溶解→溶解开来→没有限制→放荡的
dissonant
不和谐的,不协调的
dis否定,不,消失掉+son声音+ant……的→声音不[好听]
n.
discernment
眼光,洞察力
dis分开,分离,去掉+cern搞清,确定+ment表名词→确定不同之处→有眼光disadvantage
不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势
dis否定,不,消失掉+advantage优点,有利条件→n.不利, 不利条件, 缺点, 劣势disgust
厌恶,恶心
dis不+gust美味→n. 厌恶,恶心v. 使厌恶
dishonour
不光彩;丢脸的人
dis否定,不,消失掉+honour尊敬→毫无尊敬→丢脸
dismay
沮丧
dis否定,不,消失掉+may能→不能做事→沮丧;参考:五月能种粮食,所以叫May disorder
无秩序
dis否定,不,消失掉+order顺序→没有顺序
disproof
反证,反驳
dis否定,不,消失掉+proof证实→不证实→反证
n.&v.
discourse
演讲,论述;论文
dis分开,分离,去掉+course课程,教程→分解课程→论述→论文
display
陈列,展览,显示
dis分开+play=ply重叠→打开折叠→显示出来
v.
disaffect
使不满意,使疏远
dis分开,分离,去掉+affect感情→感情分开→疏远
disburse
支付,支出
dis分开,分离,去掉+burse钱包→从钱包中分出→支出
discriminate
辨别;歧视
dis分开,分离,去掉+crimin分辨→ate→分辩开
discuss
讨论
dis分开,分离,去掉+cuss敲打→把[问题]分开敲→讨论dismiss
解散;开除
dis分开,分离,去掉+miss送→分开送出→解散
dispart
分离
dis分开,分离,去掉+part部分→分成部分→分开
dispense
分配
dis分开,分离,去掉+pens花费+e→分开花费→分配[财富等] disseminate
散布,传播
dis分开,分离,去掉+semin种子+ate表动词→散布[种子] distend
膨胀
dis分开,分离,去掉+tend伸展,拉→分开伸展→膨胀distract
分心
dis分开,分离,去掉+tract拉→把[心]拉开→分心
disadapt
使不适应
dis不+adapt使适应→v.使不适应
disappear
消失
dis否定,不,消失掉+appear出现→不出现→消失
disarm
解除武装
dis否定,不,消失掉+arm武装→去掉武装
discourage
使失去勇气
dis否定,不,消失掉+courage勇气→v.使失去勇气
discover
发现
dis否定,不,消失掉+cover盖→把盖揭开→发现
disgust
使厌恶
dis不+gust美味→n. 厌恶,恶心v. 使厌恶
dishonour
[英]使丢脸
dis否定,不,消失掉+honour尊敬→毫无尊敬→丢脸
dislike
不喜欢
dis否定,不,消失掉+like喜爱→不喜爱
disorganize
扰乱, 瓦解
dis否定,不,消失掉+organize组织→解散组织
dispel
驱除,消除
dis否定,不,消失掉+pel推→推开→驱除
exhausting
英[?g?z?:st??] 美[?ɡ?z?st??]
adj. 使耗尽的，使人精疲力竭的;
v. 用尽( exhaust的现在分词); 使非常疲倦; 详尽讨论（或研究）; 弄空;
It was an exhausting schedule she had set herself.
她给自己安排了叫人筋疲力尽的日程。
stand
英[st?nd] 美[st?nd]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS | TOEFL
n. 台，看台; 立场; 停止; 抵抗;
vi. 站立，起立; 竖直放置; 保持看法; 停滞;
vt.使站立; 忍受; 抵御; 承担责任;
vt.& vi. 站立，（使）直立，站着;
变形过去分词: stood 复数: stands 过去式: stood 现在分词: standing 第三人称单数: stands
You have to know where to stand for a good viewpoint.
你得知道站在哪里观察角度比较理想。
I can't stand any more. I'm going to run away...
我再也受不了了。我要逃走。
help out
英[help aut] 美[h?lpa?t]
帮助，帮助…出来;
She's always willing to help out.
她总是乐于帮助人.
Help out, don't hinder.
帮帮忙, 不要碍事.
tend
英[tend] 美[t?nd]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS | GRE
vt.照料，照顾; 护理; 照管，管理;
vi. 倾向（于），趋向（于）; 伺侯，招待; 关心; 注意;
变形过去分词: tended 过去式: tended 现在分词: tending 第三人称单数: tends
We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.
我们往往每周共进一次午餐。
regard
英[r??gɑ:d] 美[r??gɑrd]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研
vt.认为; 注视; 涉及; 尊敬;
vi. 凝视; 留意;
n. 凝视; 留意; 尊敬; 问候;
变形过去分词: regarded 复数: regards 过去式: regarded 现在分词: regarding 第三人称单数: regards
English has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love. 英语伤我千百遍，我待英语如初恋。
lack
英[l?k] 美[l?k]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS
vt.缺乏，缺少; 需要的东西;
n. 缺乏，不足，没有; 缺少的东西;
变形过去分词: lacked 复数: lacks 过去式: lacked 现在分词: lacking 第三人称单数: lacks
Lack of exercise can lead to feelings of depression and exhaustion.
缺乏锻炼会导致抑郁和疲劳。
It lacked the power of the Italian cars...
它没有意大利轿车动力强劲。
specify
英[?s pes?fa?] 美[?sp?s??fa?]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| TOEFL
vt.指定; 详述; 提出…的条件; 使具有特性;
vi. 明确提出，详细说明;
变形过去分词: specified 过去式: specified 现在分词: specifying 第三人称单数: specifies
Unless I'm mistaken, he didn't specify what time.
除非我记错了，他并没有说明具体时间。
offer
英[??f?(r)] 美[??f?(r)]
CET4 | CET6 | 考研| IELTS
vt.提供，给予; 提出，提议; 出价，开价; 表示愿意;
vi. 提议; 企图，想要; 供奉;
n. 提议; 出价，开价; 试图; 求婚;
变形过去分词: offered 复数: offers 过去式: offered 现在分词: offering 第三人称单数: offers
Slimming snacks that offer miraculous weight loss are a con.
有神奇减肥效果的瘦身点心是一个骗局。
I still think I have a bit more to offer.
我还是认为我能再稍微多付出一点儿。
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
第三单元单词 appropriately 英 [?'pr??pr??tl?] 美 [?'pro?pr?rtl?] adv. 适当地; Dress appropriately and ask intelligent questions. 穿着要得体，提问要机敏。 apology 英 [??p?l?d?i] 美 [??pɑl?d?i] CET4 | CET6 | 考研 | TOEFL n. 道歉认错，愧悔; 正式辩解，正式辩护; 解释; 〈口〉临时凑合的代用品; 变形复数: apologies We received a letter of apology. 我们收到了一封致歉信。 clarification 英 [?kl?r?f?'ke??n] 美 [?kl?r?f??ke??n] TOEFL n. （液体的）澄清; 净化; 澄清法; （意义等的）澄清、说明; 变形复数: clarifications
The whole issue needs clarification. 整个问题都需要澄清. confirm 英 [k?n?f?:m] 美 [k?n?f?rm] CET4 | CET6 | 考研 | IELTS | TOEFL | GRE vt. [法]确认，批准; 证实; 使有效; 使巩固; 变形过去分词: confirmed 过去式: confirmed 现在分词: confirming 第三人称单数: confirms You make the reservation, and I'll confirm it in writing. 你来预订，我会去函确认。 represent 英 [?repr??zent] 美 [?r?pr??z?nt] CET4 | CET6 | 考研 | IELTS | TOEFL vt. 表现，象征; 代表，代理; 扮演; 作为示范; vi. 代表; 提出异议; 变形过去分词: represented 过去式: represented 现在分词: representing 第三人称单数: represents I can only represent it to you by metaphors. 我只能用隐喻来向你描述它.
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
一、单元整体解读及分析
1. Background information
E-Commerce: The beginnings of e-commerce can be traced back to the 1960s, when businesses started using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) to share business documents with other companies. In 1979, the American National Standards Institute developed ASC X12 as a universal standard for businesses to share documents through electronic networks. After the number of individual users sharing electronic documents with each other grew in the 1980s, in the 1990s the rise of eBay and Amazon revolutionized the e-commerce industry. Consumers can now purchase endless amounts of items online, both from typical brick and mortar stores with e-commerce capabilities and one another. 2. Word attack 1) registration n. the act of entering on an official list. 注册 e.g. Kindergarten registration begins today. 2) major n. the main subject studied by a college or university student. 主修科目 e.g. He chose history as his major and French as his minor majors. What was your major in college? 3) fill in supply with information on a specific topic. 填写 e.g. The participants were then asked to fill in evaluation forms giving their assessment of the workshop. 4) admission notice 录取通知书 e.g. With your college admission notice, you can buy train tickets at half-price. 3. Useful expressions Ask for and Offer Help 1) What can I do for you? 2) May I have your…please? 3) I’m here for… 4) Excuse me, but could you tell me the steps for registration? 5) Is there anything I can do for you？ 6) Would you mind passing me a piece of paper to write my suggestion on? 7) Will you lend me a hand? 4. Extensive reading materials College majors: https://www.doczj.com/doc/c210014994.html,/ 5. Useful clips Guide for freshmen
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
教案 课程名称新生代英语基础教程2 课时____________________ 班级____________________ 专业____________________ 教师____________________ 系部____________________ 教研室____________________ 教材《新生代英语基础教程2》
Family Show Time “Where are you from?”Reading Why is it called a honeymoon? Chat Time The rest is history. Writing Family tree Grammar The possessive ’s My Story Family main Have students look at the picture and ask them to tell you as much as they can about it. Then, go through the questions and complete each answer. In addition, you can ask a few warm-up questions suc h as “How many people are in your
Have the students listen and repeat the words. Use descriptive sentences to teach the family member words. For example, you can say “Your uncle is your mother or father’s brother.” “Your aunt is your mother or father’s sister.” “Your cousin is your uncle or aunt’s child,” and so on. A simple family drawn on the board can often help students to understand this. They may find it interesting to see your family tree, if you don’t mind sharing it with them. For the word frame, you can see that it is something we put around important pictures. You can then ask students if they have any framed photos in the class. You can also teach that we use the words married and single to descr ibe someone’s relationship status. Ask “Have you been to a wedding recently?” “Who got married?” For Tell the students they will hear a conversation between a radio host and a celebrity (Anna). Now listen to the conversation and have students complete the sentences.
目： 卷： 120 1. n_rse A. n B. m C. u D. v 3. sma_l A. e B. a C. l D. n 5. b_ue A. l B. f C. u D. v -- _____. ’t. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes he is. 14. –Are you married? -- _____. A.No, he is n’t. B. Yes, he is. C. No, I am single.. D. Yes, they are.
15. –Where are you from? -- _____. A. I am a nurse. B. I am from Australia. C. I am Chinese. D. We are sisters. 16. --What color is your new phone? --________________. A.It is pink B. It is mine B. C. It’s in the suitcase. D. It isn’t here 17．--Is this your suitcase? --________________. A.Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 18. --Are these your books? --________________. A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 19. --What’s that? --________________. A. It is black B. It is a camera. C. They are pens. D. They are not. 20. --What are those? --They are____. A. watch B. glasses C. apple D. car 21.--This bag is too big, I want a ____ one. A. ugly B. small C. light D. heavy 22. She is from _____, she is _____. A. USA, America B. Egyptian, Egypt C. Italy, Italian D. Spanish, Spain 23.--How do you go to school? --______________. A. Sorry, I don’t know. B. At seven o’clock C. I take a bus. D. I work in a book shop. 24.. --what do you do at weekend? --I listen____ music and go shopping. A. in B. on C. to D. at 25. --Do you like basketball?
custom 英['k?st?m]美['k?st?m] n. 习惯，惯例；风俗；海关，关税；经常光顾；[总称]（经常性的）顾客 ?adj. （衣服等）定做的，定制的 Such a custom has come down to the present moment. 这种风俗一直流传到现在。 diversify 英[da??v??s??fa?]美[da??v?rs??fa?] vt. 使多样化，使变化；增加产品种类以扩大 Of course, it’s always good to look for new projects so that you develop and diversify your designs. 当然，这样对于你不断寻找新项目，开发出更多多样化的设计是十分有好处的。 fight 英[fa?t]美[fa?t] ?vi. 打架；与…打仗，与…斗争；反对…提案
?n. 打架；战斗，斗志 ?fight for为…而战，而奋斗 ?fight against v. 对抗；反对；与……作斗争 ?fight with与…并肩战斗；为反对…而战斗；与…打架 These patriots would fight to death before they surrendered. 这些爱国者宁愿战斗到死，也不愿投降。 split 英[spl?t]美[spl?t] vt. 分离；使分离；劈开；离开；分解 ?vi. 离开；被劈开；断绝关系 ?n. 劈开；裂缝 ?adj. 劈开的 I would rather pay for a meal than watch nine friends pick over and split a bill. 我宁愿付整顿饭钱而不愿看着9个朋友仔细算计、分摊账单。 pick over(挑选, 仔细检查……以便选出优品分档挑选)
试题二 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example A. lewd → ignoran t B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated
目： 1. n_rse A. n B. m 3. sma_l A. e B. a 5. b_ue A. l B. f
II. Choose the best answer from each group of choices. 11. -- I am ____ nurse. -- I am ____actor. A. a, an B. an, a C. a, the D. the, a 12. -- what do you do -- ______ A. I am a teacher. B. Yes, I do. C. I am 7 years old. D. I am from New York 13. --Is she your mother -- _____. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. Yes, she is. D. Yes he is. 14. –Are you married -- _____. A.No, he isn’t. B. Yes, he is.
C. No, I am single.. D. Yes, they are. 15. –Where are you from -- _____. A. I am a nurse. B. I am from Australia. C. I am Chinese. D. We are sisters. 16. --What color is your new phone --________________. A.It is pink B. It is mine B. C. It’s in the suitcase. D. It isn’t here 17．--Is this your suitcase --________________. A.Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 18. --Are these your books --________________. A. Yes, it is. B. Yes, they are. C. No, they aren’t. D. No, they don’t. 19. --What’s that
Unit 8 Check Your Understanding State whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE. a. English words are either appreciative or derogatory. (F) b. The affective meaning of a word may change over time. (T) c. Affective meaning has nothing to do with culture. (F) d. The semantic prosody of a word determines the affective meaning of its collocates. (T) e. A variety of lexical devices are employed in English to express affective meanings. (T) In-Class Activities 1. The following two pairs of sentences contain four words in bold face. A. a. His (her) eyes sparkled with amusement (merriment, good humour, high spirits, happiness). b. His (her) eyes glittered with anger (rage, hatred, malice). B. a. Look at that lovely little girl. b. Look at that tiny girl. ASK: (1) Can the two words in bold face in each pair of sentences be used interchangeably? If not, why? (2) Can you suggest more pairs like the above ones? KEY: Answer: (1) No. The verbs sparkle and glitter are close synonyms. They are different in terms of affective connotations. In the above two sentences, both adjectives (little and tiny) describe the smallness of the girl. However, little suggests ?attractiveness‘ and ?pleasantness‘ while tiny implies the abnormal growth of the child. Therefore, little is appreciative while tiny is derogatory. (2) Slim and skinny Famous and notorious Proud and arrogant Confident and conceited 2. The following are the concordance lines of the verbs cause and provide obtained with the corpus tool from a very small part of BNC (spoken and part of written news report). Observe the collocates of the two words and answer the questions that follow. ASK: (1) What are the features of the two words in terms of semantic prosody? (2) Can you use each of the two words in a sentence of your own? Answer: (1) Cause is often used with words with a negative feature, that is, something unpleasant, such as problem, damage, danger, chaos. Provide is often used with words with a positive feature, or something useful, for example, food accommodation, necessities, comfortable conditions.
Channel English Review 一、词语或句子（20分） 颜色（color）： Red红色，Yellow黄色，Green绿色，Blue蓝色，White白色，Black黑色Brown棕色，Pink粉红色， Orange橙色 常用词语（terms）： school学校 teacher老师 student学生 read阅读 write写 listen听 Speak说 book书 page页 picture 图片 word 单词 sentence句子 question问题 look 看 complete 完成ask问 answer 回答 open your book打开你的书 close your book合上你的书 mobile phone移动电话 pen 笔 pencil 铅笔 dictionary字典notebook笔记本 briefcase公文包 bag包 umbrella雨伞 wallet钱包 watch手表 handbag手提包 key钥匙camera相机 glasses眼镜 sunglasses太阳眼镜Cathedral教堂 library图书馆sports centre运动中心Museum 博物馆 hospital医院 bank银行university大学 职业（job）： doctor医生 nurse护士 architect设计师 police officer警官actor男演员 actress女演员 waiter男服务员 waitress女服务员
国家及国籍（countries and Nationality） Spain西班牙Spanish西班牙人 Italy意大利Italian意大利人France法国French法国人 Mexico墨西哥Mexican墨西哥人Brazil巴西Brazilian巴西人 Japan日本Japanese日本人 Egypt埃及Egyptian埃及人 Canada加拿大Canadian加拿大人 USA美国American美国人 South Africa南非 South African南非人Australia澳大利亚Australian澳大利亚人 Ireland爱尔兰Irish爱尔兰人 UK英国British英国人 形容词（adjectives） Big大 small小 cheap便宜 expensive昂贵 heavy沉重 light轻的Beautiful漂亮的 ugly丑的 always永远 usually经常 often许多Sometimes有时 never从不 交通方式（Getting around）： I drive开车 I ride my bike 骑单车 I walk步行 I take a taxi搭的士 I take the bus乘坐公交车 I take the underground乘坐地铁by plane乘坐飞机 I take ship坐船 I take a train乘坐火车 周一到周日（from Monday to Sunday）： Monday 星期一 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四 Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期天
Key to Unit 5. The Semantic Types of English Words Pre-Class Reading Check Your Understanding a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F In-Class Activities 1. a. rush, hurry, stumble, dance, sail, move b. bumpy, winding, stony, muddy, slippery c. whimper, sweep, moan, groan, yell d. glimpse, watch, examine, glance, stare, 2. concrete words: (1) Sunlight, trees, birds, corn, people, harvest; night, wind, rain, singer; deeds, work (2) Beauty is an abstract concept, yet by using the above concrete words, the author creates vivid images about “what beauty consists of”, i.e. beauty exists in the nature and in our daily life. 3. (1) Proper nouns: Government of Victoria, Professor Liu Kang, Parliament House, Melbourne, Monday, International Community Education Conference Common nouns: reception, delegates (2) “International Community Education Conference”can be converted into common nouns if they are used in small letters, and refer to general international community education conferences. In much the same way, “Delegates” here refers to THOSE delegates who are going to attend the particular conference, thus can be regarded as a proper noun. 4. (1) Proper nouns have a certain degree of specificity, i.e. they are used in a context shared by the speaker and the hearer. Phonological information helps clarify the context. These words do not apply to other general cases. Sentences (e –h) either violates the specificity, or the background information can not be recovered. a. Mary is a person both of them know. b. There is a person called Mary who called you. (And the implied meaning also includes “I don not know this girl.)