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英语语法总结大全

英语语法总结大全
英语语法总结大全

攻克英语语法、踏上英语学习成功之路

作为中国人,要学习与我们的母语完全不同的英语,就必须从英语语法入手。如果将英语比作一座大厦,那么语法就是构成整个大厦的水泥框架,词汇和短语则是构成墙壁的砖瓦,没有坚实的骨架,大厦是无法建成的。为了我们的英语大厦更加宏伟,让我们从现在起精心构建它的骨架。

什么是语法?语法就是造句的方法。

学习语法就是为了我们能够造出无数优美、正确的英语句子。

学习英语语法的步骤:

1.九大句子成分和六大基本句型结构;

2.十六种时态及十种被动语态;

3.名词性从句(包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句);

4.定语从句;

5.状语从句;

6.直接引语和间接引语;

7.情态动词;

8.虚拟语气;

9.非谓语动词;

10.强调句;

11.主谓一致;

12.省略句;

13.冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、介词等的用法。

下面我们一项一项进行学习:

一、九大句子成分

九大句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(宾语补足语)、同位语、呼语。(主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同、呼)

1. 主语: A.在主谓宾结构中,主语是谓语动词动作的发出者;

B.在主系表结构中,主语是系动词之前的部分;

C.在There be结构中,主语是系动词be之后的部分。

(由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和主语从句充当)

我是教师。

他们在踢足球。

熊猫是种可爱的动物。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

打篮球是我的爱好。

掌握英语是我今年的目标。

练习弹钢琴每天要花费我一个小时的时间。

他昨天的所作所为令人生气。

Knowledge is power.

A beautiful girl told me the news.

He helped me a lot.

To master English is my goal this year.

Practicing playing the piano takes me an hour a day.

What he did yesterday made his parents angry.

2. 谓语:在主谓宾结构中,表示主语所发出的动作。(由动词构成,包括16种时态和10种

被动语态)

我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

I like English.

She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.

She loves him.

He refused to help.

I enjoy learning English.

I don’t know when you will leave for New York.

补充知识:

1)根据动词在句中的功能,可分为四类:

实意动词(Notional Verb): 是具有实际动作意义的词,可以直接跟宾语或加介词后跟宾

语。

We work hard.

I play football every day.

I bought a book yesterday.

系动词(Link Verb): 是连接主语和表语以及帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定

句、被动语态的词。有: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been等。

She is five.

We were in Xi’an last evening.

The house has been sold by its owner.

My bike is being repaired by my father now.

助动词(Auxiliary Verb): 是帮助实意动词构成各种时态及疑问句、否定句的词。有: do, does, did, have, has,

had等。

She didn’t do her homework yesterday.

Do you like English?

I have been a teacher for fifteen years.

Had you finished your homework when your mother got home last evening?

情态动词(Modal Verb): 是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的

动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语、否定句及疑问句。有: can

(could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will

(would), had better, would rather等。

You must learn it by yourself.

I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.

Can you swim?

Shall we have a party this weekend?

Who can help me learn English?

说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:

We are having a meeting. (having是实义动词)

They have gone to New York.(have是助动词。)

2)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:

及物动词(Transitive Verb): 可以直接跟宾语的动词;

不及物动词(Intransitive Verb):加了介词之后才能跟宾语的动词。

缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

I live in this bedroom. 不及物动词 (vi.)

I study English hard. 及物动词 (vt.)

3. 宾语:在主谓宾结构中,谓语动词动作的承受者。

(由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、不定式、V-ing形式和宾语从句充当)

我种了一棵树。

他养了一只狗。

一只黄鼠狼偷吃了我的大公鸡。

一个淘气的孩子打碎了我的车窗。

小红赢了比赛。

我买了本新版英语字典。

我每天练习弹钢琴。

他昨天抓住了一个小偷。

I like English.

She keeps a cute monkey as her pet.

She loves him.

He refused to help.

I enjoy learning English.

I want to know when you will leave for New York.

宾语可分为四类:

1)动作的承受者——动词宾语:

I like China. (名词)

He hates you. (代词)

How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

We should help the old and the poor. (the + adj.)

I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

I hope to see you again. (不定式)

Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介词宾语:

Are you afraid of the snake?

I am interested in this book.

3)双宾语——间接宾语(指人或动物)和直接宾语(指物):

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

She taught me English for three years.

4) it 作形式宾语:

I find it interesting to learn English.

She makes it a rule to read English every morning.

We don’t think it possible to defeat them.

4. 表语:在主系表结构中,跟在系动词之后对主语进行修饰说明的部分。

(由名词、名词短语、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形

式、过去分词和表语从句充当)

我是学生。

那是一只狗。

失败是成功之母。

她很漂亮。

我很忙。

他们聪明又努力。

我的爱好是打羽毛球。

我想知道的是他怎么英语那么好。

Knowledge is power.

She is a hard-working student.

The person that she wants to marry is him.

My aim is to go to a famous university.

My job is teaching English to young children.

We are excited.

What I want to know is how he can learn English so well.

补充知识:

1)状态系动词:用来表示主语的状态,只有be, am, is, are, was, were, being,

been等词,例如:

He is a teacher.

We are students.

He has been ill for three years.

Tom is in Xi’an.

2)持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep , rest , remain, stay, lie, stand等词,例如:

He always kept silent at meetings.

This matter rests a mystery.

The village stands at the foot of the hill.

Japan lies to the east of China.

3)表像系动词:用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look等词,例如:

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems(to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词:感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等词,例如:

This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。

5)变化系动词:这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等词,例如:

He became mad after that.

She grew rich within a short time.

6)终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out等词,表达"证实",

"变成"之意,例如:

The rumor proved false.

The search proved difficult.

His plan turned out a success.

注意:可带名词作表语的系动词be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove,

remain, turn等。注意:turn后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。

7)系动词无被动语态: appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn例如:

It sounds good.

The dish smells delicious.

He fell ill last night.

5. 定语:用来修饰或限定一个名词的词、短语或从句。

(由名词、冠词、代词、形容词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和定语从句充当)

一位男老师将教我们英语。

那是一个宁静的夜晚。

我有很多事情要做。

坐在那里的男孩是我的朋友。

在事故中被压死的狗是他的。

他就是我昨天在公园见到的那个老外。

我昨天丢的笔找到了。

我想上的大学是北大。

A man doctor will take care of you.

This girl is my best friend.

I have a lot of homework to do today.

The boy standing there is my brother.

The dog killed in the accident belonged to my grandpa.

The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as a birthday gift by my

mum.

英语中的定语和汉语中的定语的最大差别在于它所处的位置,汉语中无论是词、短语或句子作定语时,都放在被修饰词之前,而英语中,只有单个的词或复合形容词作定语时才放在被修饰词之前,其它情况全部放在被修饰词之后。

英语中的定语种类有十余种,下面我们分类学习:

1)单个的名词、形容词、数词、代词、V-ing、P.P.及复合形容词作定语,放在被修饰词前。

a man doctor a woman teacher a boy student a baby girl

a beautiful girl a lovely baby a nice present an honest boy

three toys five people eight elephants nine years

this book those pens my brother your sister

boiling water an exciting game a swimming pool a reading room the sleeping baby a dancing cat the shouting crowd the crying girl

boiled water the excited audience a disappointed mother

a warm-hearted welcome a cold-blooded killer a white-haired woman

2) “什么地方的什么”= the + N. + 介词短语

the picture on the wall 墙上的画儿the birds in the tree 树上的鸟

the books on the shelf 架子上的书the hole in the wall 墙上的洞

the cat in the box 盒子里的猫the lamp over my head 我头顶的灯

the students in our class 我们班的学生

3)“正在做什么的人或物”= the + N + V-ing + (O) + LA + TA

the man standing there 站在那里的男子

the dog barking now 正在吠叫的狗

the girl singing on the stage 正在舞台上唱歌的女孩

the boy swimming in the river 正在河里游泳的男孩

4) “正在被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + being + P.P. + LA + TA

the bridge being built now 正在被建的桥

the meeting being held now 正在被召开的会议

the boy being punished by our teacher 正在被我们老师惩罚的学生

5) “将要被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + to be + P.P. + LA + TA

the meeting to be held tomorrow morning 明早将要被召开的会议

the student to be sent to America by our school 将被我们学校送往美国的学生 the school to be set up in the village 将被建在这个村子里的学校

6) “已经被怎么样的人或物”= the + N + P.P. + LA + TA

the man killed in the accident last night 昨晚在事故中被压死的人

the bridge built last year 去年被建成的桥

the meeting held yesterday 昨天被召开的会议

7) “穿着什么样衣服的人”= the + N + in + a/an + 衣服 + LA + TA

the man in a black T-shirt 穿着黑色T恤的男子

the girl in a red mini-skirt 穿着红色迷你裙的女孩

the man in a suit 穿着西服套装的男子

8) “穿着什么颜色衣服的人”= the + N + in + 颜色 + LA + TA

the man in black 穿着黑衣的人the girl in red 穿着红色衣服的女孩 the woman in blue 穿着蓝色衣服的女士 the boy in green 穿着绿色衣服的男孩

9) 副词做定语一般后置 = the + N + adv.

the students here 这里的学生the man over there 那边的男子

passengers aboard 车(船、飞机)上的乘客

10) 形容词(形容词短语)做后置定语 = the + N + adj. + LA + TA

a room lagre enough to hold 100 people 大到能容纳100人的房间

a basket full of fruits 装满水果的篮子

a boy clever enough to speak three languages 聪明到会说三种语言的男孩

11) “什么什么相同的人或物”= the + N + of + N

a girl of her own age 和她年龄相同的女孩

birds of a feather 相同羽毛的鸟

the bottles of the same shape 相同形状的瓶子

12) “有什么的人或物“ = the/a + N + with + N

a girl with long hair 长发女孩 a boy with big eyes 大眼睛的男孩

13) 定语从句= the + N + 引导词 + 从句

The N(人) + who/that + V + O + LA + TA (人主)

The teacher who/that taught me English at this school last year

The thief who/that stole my wallet yesterday

The N(人) + who/that + be + P.P. + by + Doer + LA + TA (人主)

The thief who/that was caught by a policeman yesterday

The N(人) + (whom/that) + S + V + LA + TA (人宾)

The girl (whom/that) I met in the park yesterday

The old man (whom/that) I helped yesterday

The N(物) + which/that + V + O + LA + TA (物主)

The dog which/that bit me in the park yesterday

The horse which/that ran away last week

The N(物) + which/that + be + P.P. + by + Doer + LA + TA (物主)

The dog which/that was killed in the accident yesterday

The N(物) + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (物宾)

The book (which/that) I bought yesterday

The dog (which/that) I saw yesterday

The N(人,物) + whose + N + V + O + LA + TA (人,物,所属)

The man whose son is a doctor in this hospital

The room whose door is green

Such + N + as + S + V + LA +TA

Such people as I got to know in America last year

Such books as I bought yesterday

The same + N + as + S + V + LA +TA

The same bike as I lost yesterday

So + adj. + a/an + N + as + S + V + LA +TA

So clever a boy as all the teachers like

The N(时间) + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (先行词作宾语)

The year (which/that) I spent in America

The N(时间) + when/介词+which + S + V + O + LA (先行词作状语)

The year when/in which I studied English in America

The N(地点) + (which/that) + S + V + TA (先行词作宾语)

The museum (which/that) I visited last week

The school (which/that) we set up in the village

The N(地点) + where/介词+which + S + V + O + TA (先行词作状语)

The factory where/in which my father works

The farm where/on which I worked last year

The reason + (which/that) + S + V + LA + TA (先行词作宾语)

The reason (which/that) he made up

The reason (which/that) he told me

The reason + why/for which + S + V + O + LA + TA (先行词作状语)

The reason why/for which he didn’t go to school yesterday

The reason why/for which I punished you

6. 状语:说明谓语动词动作所处的状态(包括时间、地点、原因、比较、目的、结果、条件、方式和让步状语)。

(由副词、介词短语、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词和状语从句充当)

我在那里见到的他。

在一个宁静的夜晚,他们誓血为盟。

由于生病,他没有去上学。

她哼着歌离开了教室。

尽管在下雨,他们继续工作。

即使你给我买票,我也不会跟你去看电影。

为了练习发音,我每天都模仿VOA。

当从山顶看时,我们学校看起来很漂亮。

I met him there.

He studies in a key middle school.

To learn English well, she takes every chance to practice her oral English.

Seeing from the top of the building,you can see the whole town.

Seen from the top of the building,the town looks beautiful.

I was having dinner when he came to see me last evening.

7. 补语(宾语补足语):跟在宾语之后对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分。

(由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、V-ing形式、过去分词)

我们选他当班长。

这场激烈的比赛令所有观众都很兴奋。

母亲每天都让我朗读英语。

他让我们等了两个小时。

毛泽东的逝世令举国哀痛。

老师罚我下蹲两百次。

据预测美国民众将再次选奥巴马为总统。

请让我进去。

We will make him monitor.

The good news made us happy.

Please let me in.

My mother gets me to read English every morning.

He kept me waiting for two hours.

The news that our team had won the match made us excited.

8. 同位语:表示同一主体的两个不同的词、短语或从句。

(由名词、名词短语、同位语从句)

我们学生应当努力学习。

我最好的朋友小明将去美国留学。

谁下学期将教我们英语的问题尚未得到答复。

我们队赢了比赛的消息让我们兴奋。

众所周知英语变得越来越重要的事实。

我们明天要考试的消息已经公布了。

我们可以怎样进一步合作的问题将在会议上讨论。

We students should study hard.

Jack, a friend of mine, has been sent abroad to study by our school.

The fact that English is becoming more and more important is known to everyone.

The question who will teach us English will be answered tomorrow.

9.呼语:称呼用语。(如:Sir, Your Majesty, Your Highness, Madam等)。

二、六大基本句型结构

英语的基本句型结构只有三种:1. 主谓宾结构;2. 主系表结构;3. There be结构。

主谓宾结构又有可引申出三种:1. 主谓状结构;2. 主谓+双宾语结构;3. 主谓宾+宾补结构。

1. 主谓宾结构:表示主语做什么;

主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 方式状语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语.

S + V + O + MA + LA + TA.

I read English in the classroom every day.

She plays the piano attentively at home every evening.

2. 主系表结构:表示主语是什么、怎么样、在哪里;

主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语。

S + LV + P + LA + TA.

I am a student in this school now.

She was very beautiful when she was in her twenties.

I was in Beijing last Sunday.

3. There be 结构:表示什么地方有什么;

There be + 主语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语。

There be + S + LA + TA.

There is a book on the desk now.

There was a tree in the yard two years ago.

4. 主语 + 谓语 + (状语).

S + V + (A).

She smiles.

He is laughing aloud.

5. 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 间接宾语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语.

S + V + DO + Prep. + IO + LA + TA.

= 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 + 地点状语 + 时间状语.

S + V + IO + DO + LA + TA.

She bought a tie for me last week. = She bought me a tie last week.

Mary gave a book to Tom yesterday. = Mary gave Tom a book yesterday.

6. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 + (状语)。

S + V + O + OC + (A).

We made Tom monitor yesterday.

The good news made us happy.

The pain is driving me mad.

My mother gets me to read English every day.

He shot the wolf dead.

下面我们学习通过在基本句型中加入定语、各种状语等的方式来造复杂的英文句子的方法。我们将其称为:积木式造句法。

1.主谓宾结构的句子扩充:

(时间状语)+(前置定语)+ 主语 +(后置定语)+ 谓语 +(前置定语)+ 宾语 +(后置定语)+(地点状语)+(时间状语).

A boy met a girl.

A handsome boy met a beautiful girl.

A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was dressed in a red mini-skirt.

A handsome boy who was wearing a black T-shirt met a beautiful girl that was dressed in a red miniskirt

in the park yesterday.

2.主系表结构的句子扩充:

(前置定语)+ 主语 +(后置定语)+ 系动词 +(前置定语)+ 表语 +(后置定语)+ (地点状语)+(时间状语).

The man is my teacher.

The handsome man is my English teacher.

The handsome man who is standing there talking with my mother is my English teacher that has been teaching me at his home for three years.

3.There be结构的句子扩充:

There be + (前置定语) + 主语 +(后置定语)+(地点状语)+(时间状语).

There is a book on the desk.

There is an English book on the desk.

There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British

historian, on the desk that stands near the window.

积木式造句法:是英语学习中最简洁明了的造句方法,同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。通过这种造句方法我们可以造出大量语法正确、意思清楚地句子,为我们的英语写作打下坚实的基础。

三、16种时态及10种被动语态

时态的概念:时态用来说明一个动作发生地时间或多个动作发生的时间顺序及所处的状态。时态分为16种主动语态和10种被动语态。主动语态是以动作的发出者作主语的句子;被动语态是以动作的承受着作主语的句子。下面我们分开进行学习:

16种时态总表及10种被动语态总表

字母符号的定义: S主语、V 动词原形、V-ing 现在分词、V-ed过去式、P.P. 过去分词、O宾语、P表语、A定语、MA方式状语、LA地点状语、LV系动词、TA时间状语、OA 其他状语、TP时间段。

十六种时态的主动语态:

1. 一般现在时:以下三种情况使用一般现在时:

1. 经常发生的动作;

2. 习惯性的动作;

3. 客观事实和真理。

①主谓宾结构的句子:

a.陈述句肯定句:表示主语经常或习惯于做什么。

S + V + O + MA + LA + TA.

She plays the piano attentively at home every day.

We read English every day.

b.陈述句否定式:表示主语经常或习惯于不做什么。

S + don’t/doesn’t + V + O + MA + LA + TA.

I don’t believe you.

We don’t like playing football.

Tom doesn’t speak Chinese.

c. 表示“常常,通常”always, often, sometimes, rarely, frequently, never,

seldom, occasionally, usually, generally…

S + always/often/sometimes… + V + O + MA + LA + TA.

S + is/are/am+always/often/sometimes…+ P + LA + TA.

He often comes to see me.

We sometimes stay up late.

My father is always busy.

d.一般疑问句式:表示主语经常或习惯于做什么吗。

Do/Does + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA?

Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.

Do you have lunch at home every day?

Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

Does she play the piano at school every day?

Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t.

e.选择疑问句式:表示主语经常或习惯于做A还是是做B。

Do/Does + S + V + O1 or O2 + LA + TA?

Do/Does + S + V + O + MA1 or MA2 + LA + TA?

Do you like tea or coffee?

Does your friend play football or basketball?

Do you go to work by bus or by bike?

f. 反义疑问句式:

S + V + O + MA + LA + TA, don’t/doesn’t +S?

Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.

S + don’t/doesn’t + V + O + MA + LA + TA, do/does +S?

Yes, S + do/does. /No, S +don’t/doesn’t.

He comes from Norway, doesn’t he?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.

You like English best, don’t you?.

Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

Your father doesn’t smoke, does he?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.

He doesn’t speak English, does he?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.

g.特殊疑问句式:提问主语在什么时间、地点、原因、方式等做什么。

Wh-/How + do/does + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA?

(提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

What does she play at school every day?

Where do you have lunch every day?

h. 否定疑问句:(难道)…不…吗?

Isn’t/Aren’t + S + P?

Don’t/Doesn’t + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA?

Why don’t/doesn’t + S + V + O + MA + LA + TA?

Why aren’t/isn’t + S + P?

Why aren’t/isn’t + there + S +LA + TA?

Isn’t that your girl friend?

Aren’t you busy today?

Don’t you know I love you so much?

Why don’t you tell him the truth?

Why isn’t there a bridge over the river?

i. 习惯了……

S + be/get/become + used to (doing) + O + LA + TA.

S + be/get/become + accustomed to (doing) + O + LA + TA.

He is used to living alone.

He becomes used to loneliness.

He is accustomed to getting up early.

j. 祈使句句式:

V + O + LA + TA, please.

Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, please.

Open the door, please.

Don’t tell your mother I drank beer just now, please.

k.祈使句的反义疑问句式:

V + O + LA + TA, will/won’t you?

Don’t + V + O + LA + TA, will you?

Let’s + V + O + LA + TA, shall we?

Let us + V + O + LA + TA, will you?

Go to the cinema with me this evening, will/won’t you?

Don’t open the door, will you?

Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

Let us help them, will you?

②主系表结构的句子:

a. 陈述句肯定句式:表示主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里。

S + am/is/are + P + LA + TA.

She is a student.

They are intelligent.

b.陈述句否定句式:表示主语现在或当前不是什么、不怎么样、不在哪里。

S + am/is/are + not + P + LA + TA.

= S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + P + LA + TA.

I am not happy today.

She is not at home now.

They aren’t in the classroom now.

c.一般疑问句式:提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗。

Am/Is/Are + S + P + LA + TA?

Yes, S + am/is/are./ No, S + am not/isn’t/aren’t.

Is she a student? Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.

Are they intelligent? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.

d.选择疑问句式:

Am/Is/Are + S + P1 or P2 + LA + TA?

Is your father a teacher or a doctor?

Are your friends from America or England?

e.反义疑问句式:

S + am/is/are + P + LA + TA, isn’t/aren’t +S?

Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.

S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + P + LA + TA, am/is/are +S?

Yes, S + am/is/are. /No, S +am not/isn’t/aren’t.

You are a student, aren’t you? Yes, I am./No, I am not.

I am a good boy, aren’t I? Yes, you are./No, you are not.

f.特殊疑问句式:提问主语现在或当前是什么、怎么样、在哪里吗

Wh-/How + is/are/am+ S + P + LA + TA? (提问哪部分就去掉哪部分)

What is she?

How are they?

g. 祈使句句式:

Be + P + LA + TA, please.

Don’t be + P + LA + TA, please.

Be careful next time, please.

Don’t be late again, please.

h. 祈使句的反义疑问句式:

Be + P + LA + TA, will/won’t you?

Don’t be + P + LA + TA, will you?

Be more careful next time, will/won’t you?

Don’t be angry, will you?

③ There be 结构的句子:表示现在或当前什么地方有什么。

a.陈述句肯定句式:

There is/are + S + LA.

There is a book on the desk.

There are five people in my family.

b.陈述句否定句式:

There is/are + not + any + S + LA.

= There isn’t/aren’t + any + S + LA.

There is not any water in the glass.

There aren’t any students in the classroom.

c. 反义疑问句式:

There is/are + S + LA, isn’/aren’t + there?

There is/are + not + any + S + LA, is/are + there?

= There isn’t/aren’t + any + S + LA, is/are + there?

Yes, there + is/are./No, there + isn’t/aren’t.

There are two tigers in the zoo, aren’t there?

Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.

There isn’t any water in the cup, is there?

Yes, there is./No, there isn’t.

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

高考英语语法精华总结 代词的用法

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欢迎分享~ 注明出处! 离考试还有一周,估计大家的真题都做的差不多了。在冲刺阶段,你会发现自己的IS的正确率渐渐稳定,但ISE依然让人头疼,尤其是No error(E)选项,这一贴帮你搞定真题的所有选E的题目。 【真题中E选项】 1.18道ISE中E的数量平均3道,但从1到6不等,,所以考试时不要计算E选项的总数! 2.从没出现过2道连选E的情况,若考试时连选,一定要仔细检查! 3.貌似选E的题号上有一点规律,但题目本身比题号重要! 4.切记,“看着别扭”永远不能作为ISE中选择的理由,再别扭但不会改或不知道考点,就选E。 【此贴的使用方法】 1.做完真题,只看该选E却没敢选E的题目。 2.对照下面的表格,找到症结所在,搞清易错选项的考点,并自己把相关的薄弱知识点总结。 3.把44道E选项的汇总题目打印出来,一起看,增加选E的感觉。 【最后一周语法复习】 1.语法考查的就是对考点的熟悉程度,所以再把强化班、单项班的笔记复习一遍。 2.不需要做新题,尤其别做真题和OG以外的题。(OC较难,考前做纯粹跟自己过不去) 3.100%关注真题!其他的参考书可以先扔一边去。 4.反复看自己总结的错题和语法点。 最后一周,全力以赴!

1. The iris, the colored part of the eye, contains delicate patterns that are unique to each person, offering a powerful means of identification. (06.1-13) 2. In English literature James Boswell is the prime example of a biographer who, by ensuring the immortality of another author, has achieved immortality for himself. (06.1-16) 3. Only by tapping their last reserves of energy were the team members able to salvage what was beginning to look like a lost cause. (06.1-19) 4. Charles Dickens' Great Expectations is a novel in which the main character becomes so obsessed with the idea of becoming a gentleman that his moral judgment is temporarily affected. (06.5-13) 5. Because his experience in the naval medical corps had been rewarding. Bob applied to medical school after he was discharged from the navy. (06.5-20) 6. Plants grown for their flowers should be treated with a low-nitrogen fertilizer because excessive nitrogen promotes the growth of leaves at the expense of flowers. (06.5-22) 7. At the reception were the chattering guests, the three-tiered cake, and the lively music that have become characteristic of many wedding celebrations. (06.5-29) 8. From about A.D. 700 to 1600, sculptors created nearly 1,000 colossal rock statues on the remote. and tiny Easter Island. (06.10-13) 9. According to some demographers, the number of United States citizens aged 65 or older is likely to rise to 87 million by 2050.(06.10-20) 10. Contrary to what many people believe, heat lightning is not lightning caused by heat; it is ordinary lightning that occurs at too great a distance for its accompanying thunder to be audible. (06.10-22)

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