景观landscape 园林建筑业（术）landscape architecture
风景园林师landscape architect 建筑学architecture
园艺业（学）landscape gardening 建筑师architect
重大思想的设计师the architect of sth。理论theory
改革开放refore and opening—up policy 代表representatives
毛泽东思想mao Zedong’s thought 校园campus
大一freshman 大二sophomore 大三junior 大四senior
景观都市主义Landscape Urbanism 景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure）城镇景观（town-scape ）乡村景观(land-scape)
无边界景观(limitless landscape) 生态城市（Ecological City）
后现主义风景园Post Modernism Landscape Architecture 现主风景园Modern Landscape Architecture 景观生态landscape ecology 城市景观系统The urban landscape system
城市景观的人类主导性The city landscape human sexual
城市景观的生态脆弱性The city landscape ecological vulnerability
城市景观的破碎性The city landscape fragmentation
城市景观结构成分The urban landscape structure composition
调整和优化城市用地空间结构Adjustment and optimization of urban spatial structure
中国古典园林 Classical Chinese garden
中国传统园林 Traditional Chinese garden
中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden
中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden
帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden
皇家园林 Royal garden
私家园林 Private garden
江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta
西方古典园林 Western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden
中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden 意大利式园林 Italian style garden
西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden
法兰西式园林 French style garden
勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notre's style garden
文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa
洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden
巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden
庄园 manor,villa garden
廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio
绿廊 xystus
迷阵 maze,labyrinth
灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden
灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden
灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 阿房宫 E-Pang Palace
上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan
未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace
洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace
华清官 Hua-Qing Palace
艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden
圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden 颐和园 Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace
承德避暑Chengde Imperial Summer Resort
苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden
悬园 Hanging Garde
英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park
枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden
视野 Visual field
秋色 Fall color,autumn color
园林空间 Garden spac
开敞空间 Wide open space,
wide space
封闭空间 Enclosure space
意境 artistic conception,poetic imagery
苍古 antiquity
空灵 spaciousness,airiness 动观 in-motion viewing
静观 in-position viewing 视错觉 Visual illusion
园林艺术布局 Artistic layout of garden
对称平衡 Symmetrical balance 不对称平衡 Asymmetrical balance
左右对称 Bilateral symmetry 辐射对称 Radial symmetry 透景线 Perspective line
轴线 axis,axial line 主轴 Main axis
副轴 Auxiliary axis 暗轴 Hidden axis,invisible axis 树冠线 skyline 园林色彩艺术 Art of garden colors
单色谐调 Monochromatic harmony
复色谐调 Compound chromatic harmony 对比色突出 Contrast colors accent
近似色谐调 Approximate colors harmony
暖色 Warm color 冷色 Cool color
色感 Color sense
传统园林traditional garden
城市园林绿地系统urban gardens and greenbelts system
景 view,scenery,feature
远景 Distant view
近景 Nearby view
障景 Obstructive scenery,blocking view
借景 Borrowed scenery,view borrowing
对景 Opposite scenery,view in opposite place
缩景 Miniature scenery,abbreviated scenery
漏景 Leaking through scenery
框景 Enframed scenery
尾景 Terminal feature
主景 Main feature
副景 Secondary feature
配景 Objective view
夹景 Vista line,vista
前景 Front view
背景 background
景序 Order of sceneries
景点 Feature spot,view spot
仰视景观 Upward landscape
俯视景观 Downward landscape
季相景观 Seasonal phenomena
气象景观 Meteorological diversity scenery
景观基础设施（Landscape as Infrastructure
景观的城市（City As Landscape)
景观设计学(landscape architecture) 最低设计minimum design
减量(Reduce)
十倍数俱乐部”(The Factor Ten Club)[再生系统(Regenerative system
再生设计理论(Regenerative Design)[ 再利用(Reuse)
再生(Recycle)
生态工程(ecological engineering) “土地恋”(Topophilia)[
“生物恋”(Biophilia
审美生态(aesthetic visual ecology
生态显露设计(eco-revelatory design 主园路Main garden road
垃圾箱Trash
校前区front campus area
教学区﹑school districts, , , ,
旧建筑改造区old construction area
日常运动区daily exercise area
宿舍区the dorm
生态共享区ecological Shared area,
体育运动区sports area
生态大学城ecological University city
校门前广场school before square,
主入口广场main entrance plaza
教学区中心广场school districts in central plaza, 景观平台platform landscape
湖面the lake
自然山体natural mountain
座椅系统seat systems
入口Entrance
纪念性广场：Memorial Square
市民性广场：The people of the Plaza 纪念性广场：Memorial Square
带型广场：Strip-type square 中心型广场：Centered square 因地制宜：Local conditions 广场：Square
尺度：Scale
生态：Scale ecological: 软质景观：soft landscape 硬质景观：hard landscape 造景：Landscaping
地面铺装：Floor Covering
台阶：Step
绿化植物：green Plants
主题标志物：Subject markers 灯具：Lighting
绿化的分类greening classification 行道树roadside trees
景观树landscape tree
景观小品：landscape pieces (垂直绿化Vertical Greening A--
水生植物园aquatic plants
娱乐公园amusement park
植物公园ahead plants park
高山植物园alpine garden
附属绿地attached green space 中国古代园林ancient chinese garden 意境artistic conception
不对称平衡asymmetrical balance 轴线axis/axial line
道路系统approach system
办公区administration area
文化遗址ancient culture relic 竹园bamboo garden
羽毛球场badminton court
堤岸种植bank planting 阳台绿化balcony greening
桥头绿化bridgehead green
沼泽园Bog and marsh 植物园botanical garden
巴洛克式园林baroque style garden
借景borrowed scenery 缓冲绿地buffer green space 儿童泳池children's pool
中心广场center plaza
攀援绿化climber greening
松柏园conifer garden
城市公园city park
综合公园comprehensive park
文化公园culture park
文化休憩公园cultural and recreationpark 中国古典园林classical chinesegarden
冷色cool color
色感color sense
野营区camp site
旱景dry landscape
旱喷dry fountain
旱溪dry stream
车行道绿化driveway greening
分车带绿化dividing stripe greening
远景distant view
俯视景观downlward landscape
落叶绿篱downlward hedge
(1)商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr
(2)健身广场exercise plaza
(3)每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit
(4)特色入口entry feature
(5)环境园艺学environmental horticulture
(6)框景enframed scenery
(7)封闭空间enclosure space
(8)娱乐演出区entertaining performance place
(1)特色踏步feature stepping stone
(2)工厂绿化factory garden-ing
(3)芳香花园fragrant garden
(4)法兰西式园林French style garden
(5)前景front view
(6)景点feature spot
(7)钓鱼区fishing center
(8)规整式道路系统formal road system (1)江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta
(2)园林空间garden space
(3)绿地系统green space system
(4)绿地资源green space resource
(5)绿地效果green space effect
(6)块状绿地green plot
(7)点状绿地green spot
(8)园林总体规划garden master planning
(1)悬园Hanging Garden
(2)暗轴hidden axis
(3)历史古迹区historical relics area
(4)宅园home garden
(5)屋基石foundation stone
(6)喷泉fountain
(7)喷水池fountain pool
(8)前庭front yard
image plan 形象规划
implemeutary 实施规划indoor garden 室内花园
in-motion viewing 动观
in-position viewing 静观
imperial palace garden 帝王宫苑Italian style garden 意大利式园林garden architeceure 园林建筑学garden engineering 园林工程garden and park 园林
garden style 园林形式
garden block planning 园林分区规划garden making 造园学
geometric garden style 几何式园林green area 绿地面积
garden art 园林艺术
green space system 绿地系统
green space layont 绿地布局Kitchen yard 厨园
key stone 拱顶庄
Karst lanscape 卡斯特地貌landscape ecology 园林生态landscape design 风景设计landscape garden city 园林城市landscape plan 风景规划landscape plant 园林植物lakeside plan 湖滨公园leaking through scenery 漏景lake view 湖泊景观
1.main entrance gate 主入口大门
2. mini amphi-theatre 小型露天剧场
3. meditating plaza 交通广场
4. main plaza 广场
5. miniature landscape 盆景
6. mass planting movement 群众绿化
7. memorial park 纪念公园
8. martyr memorial park 烈士纪念公园
1. natural park 天然公园
2. national park 国家公园
3. neighborhood park 邻里公园
4. nursery 苗圃
5. natural landscape 自然景观
6. necessary living space 必要生活空间
7. no-admittance area 非游览区
8. noiseproof green space 防备绿地
1. out door café露天咖啡廊
2. outdoor shower 户外淋浴
3. ornamental horticulture 观赏植物学
4. ornamental plant 观赏植物
5. obstructive scenery 障景
6. opposite scenery 对景
7. objective view 配景
8. order of sceneries 景序
1. parking area 停车场
2. pavilion 凉亭
3. promenade 人行漫步道
4. perennial garden 宿根园
5. petty street garden 小游园
6. paved garden 铺地园
7. public green space 公共绿地
8. private garden 私家园林Rocksculpture 石景雕塑
Rock garden 石景园Rock plaza 石景广场Ratio of green coverage 绿地率
Railway greening Railway planting 铁路绿化
Roof greening 屋顶绿化Rose garden 蔷薇园
Rock garden 假山园Rustic garden 乡趣园Roadside park street park 路边公园S
Slide 旱冰道Swimming pool 游泳池Sculpture trail 雕塑小道Stair 台阶Street greening Street planting 街道绿化Sidewalk greening 人行道绿化Suburban greening 郊区绿化Street crossing center garden 街心花园School garden 学校园Seaside park 海滨公园Sculpture park 雕塑公园
Sanatorium park 疗养公园Special park 特种公园Timber brige 大桥Rivewild 野趣小溪Treebattleformation 趣味树阵Trellis 特色花架Tenniscourt 网球场Terracingseatwall 阶梯坐台Tenislestucture 拉膜结构Tropicalplantsgarden 热带植物园Unity and variety 统一和变化Uoid 空隙Urbanization 城市化Ubiquitous 普遍存在Uncoordinated 不协调的Undulate 波动、起伏Urban fabric 城市肌理Underplanting 下树栽植Understory 树下叶层
1．凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park 2．景view,scenery,feature 3．夹景又称“风景线” vista line,vista 4．视野 Visual field 5．视错觉 Visual illusion
6．园林绿化比率ratio of space
allotted to park and greenery) z 7．野趣小溪 river wild 8．石景雕塑rock sculpture w—1．迎宾景观weing feature 2．嬉水池wading pool
3．蜿蜒水墙winding wall 4．窗台绿化window-sill greening 5．瀑布风景区waterfall sceni 6．漫步广场walkway plaza 7．水景园water garden 8．西方古典园林western classical garden 9．原始环境系统wilderness environment system 10．开敞空间wide open space,wide space 11．紫藤wisteria12．垂柳willow
x---1．绿廊xystus
Y 1．圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden
2．颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden,Summer Palace 3．青少年活动区youngsters activities area 4．丝兰yuccaz---
Z 1．动物园zoo
一)良好的交通体系good traffic system
(二)完整的空间环境意象complete space environment imagery
(三)丰富的空间形式) rich space form
(四)独特的景观构成unique composition
传统与现代的融合Traditional and modern fusion
自然与生命力的表达Natural and vitality expression
文脉的延续Continuation of the Context
设计理念design concept
设计构思design idea
建筑平面与空间设计architectural plane and space design
立面与造型设计elevation and modelling design
用地红线图the red line graph
国家现行的相关规范、规定country active relevant specifications and rules
休息设施rest facilities
卫生设施sanitation facilities
公用设施public facilities
绿化设施Green Facilities
环境的保护设施environment-protect facilities
人与自然的和谐统一harmony between human and nature
生态规划的内涵（Ecological planning implies）
生态规划的目的（Ecological planning purposes）
生态规划的原则（Ecological planning principles）
生态规划的模式与分类（Planning and type of the ecological)
生态规划步骤与内容(Ecological planning process and content)
生态适宜分析方法及案例分析(Analysis and case studies）
整体性原则Holistic approach principle
趋适开拓原则Become the market principles
协调共生原则Our principle of coordinated
区域分异原则In the principle of regional
高效和谐原则Harmonious principle of efficient
可持续发展原则Sustainable development principles
景观规划模式Landscape pattern
景观生态学模式Ecological landscape pattern
环境影响评价模式Environmental impact assessment model
生态系统管理模式Ecosystem management
乡村规划模式Rural planning model
系统分析与模拟模式Systems analysis and simulation model
保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment
对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using
保护自然生态系统的样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity
保护人类健康，提供人类居住的良好环境To protect human health, human's good environment
对土地资源、水资源等自然资源的合理利用Areas of land, water and natural resources rationally using
保护自然生态系统的多样性及完整性Natural ecosystems and biodiversity integrity
充分了解自然环境、自然资源的性能Fully understand the natural environment and natural resources of the performance
追求系统的总体关系的协调Pursuit of the system of overall coordination
园林景观专业英语词汇 规划planning 草图sketch；rough map 平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation 透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage 城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning 步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning 分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan 城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization 城市生态urban ecology 可持续发展sustainable development 历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area 城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration 城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town 城市基础设施urban infrastructure 居民点settlement 市municipality; city 生态基础设施ecological infrastructure 牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city 商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center 商业街commercial street 科技园technological region 校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district 居住单元flat 历史地段history district
景观设计要素专业术语 英文大全 （喜欢请转 ） 来邓卓迪的日志 2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing 2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture 2.0004 观赏园 艺学 ornamental horticulture 2.0005 园林艺术 garden art 2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics 2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture 2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing 2.0013 园林 garden and park 2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture 2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计 garden design 2.0017 园林机具设备 gardening machine 2.0018 园林管理 garden management 2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology 2.0020 绿化 greening, planting 2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening 2.0022 绿地面积 green area 2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space 2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率 urban green coverage 2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing 2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting 2.0027 车行道绿化 driveway greening 2.0028 分车带绿化 dividing stripe greening 2.0029 人行道绿化 sidewalk greening 2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening 2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening railway greening, railway planting bank planting balcony greening 2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening 2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening vertical greening climber greening bridgehead greening 2.0041 花园 garden 2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden 2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement 2.0008 园林建筑 2.0009 园林工程 2.0010 园林植物 2.0011 观赏植物 garden building garden engineering landscape plant ornamental plant 2.0033 铁路绿化 2.0034 堤岸种植 2.0035 阳台绿化 2.0038 垂直绿化 2.0039 攀缘绿化 2.0040 桥头绿化
The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture 景观规划设计理论 【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process，human factors，methodology，technology，and values，whatever the scale or emphasis of operation，these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearly permeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving，planning，and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required. 风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观,无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同,这五个要素一贯是相关的。社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。解决问题,规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。 【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regional scale，the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known and evaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors，including geology，soils，hydrology，topography，climate，vegetation and wildlife，and the ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystem to which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land use policy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.In other circumstances the natural processes which add up to a given landscape at a give moment in its evolution may，as at Grand Canyon and other unique places，be considered a resource to be preserved，protected，and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale，soil and geological conditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations: where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun，wind，and rain are important factors of design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is a primary objective.Thus，in many ways natural factors influence land use，site planning，and detailer design. 自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。在区域尺度上，关于利用方面的开发变化的影响，在政策制定之前，必须了解和评估景观的脆弱性和敏感性。详细的自然因素,包括地质的、土壤的、水文的、地形地貌的、气候的、植被的和野生动物的、以及它们之间的生态关系是理解它将要改变的生态系统的基础。同样重要的是视觉质量的分析。土地利用政策的基础是由于了解到景观的脆弱性和抗损性的基础上建立的。在某些发展进化的过程中，一些在特定的时刻作用到特定的景观的自然进程会产生一些公共资源,比如科罗拉多大峡谷，让我们后人去保护它和管理它。在小尺度上，土壤和地质条件是决定建筑的成本和建筑基础形态的关键要素——哪里适宜建立以及哪里不适宜。设计是为人类发展活动找到适宜的空间或者以植物的生长为主要目标，因此，阳光,风和雨是设计最重要的要素。因此,场地和区域的自然要素在景观规划和设计的许多过程当中相互作用。 【3】The social factors apply equally at various scales.In site planning and landscape design，cultural variation in the use and appreciation of open space and parks and the physical and social needs of the young and old are some of the many variables to be considered in a design process that aims to be responsive to social values and human needs.In decisions relates to appropriation of landscape for recreation and aesthetic value people’s perception of t he environment and the
中国古典园林classical Chinese gardens 苏州园林Suzhou Gardens 拙政园The Humble Administrator’s Garden 塔影亭the tower shadow Pavilion 留听阁the Stay and Listen Pavilion 浮翠阁the Floating Green Pavilion 笠亭the Li Pavilion 与谁同坐轩the “With Whom Shall I Sit?”Pavilion 宜两亭Both Families Pavilion 三十六鸳鸯馆the 36 Pairs of Mandarin Ducks’Hall 十八曼陀罗花馆the 18 Stramonium Flowers’Hall 枇杷园Loquat Garden 海棠春坞Malus spring castle 听雨轩the “Listen to the rain”Pavilion 玲珑馆Exquisite Hall 小飞虹the Small Flying Rainbow 得真亭the Get Reality Pavilion 小沧浪The small Pavilion of Quiet Meditation 听松风处the place for listening to the pine wind 香洲the Boat-like Structure 玉兰堂the Magnolia 远香堂Drifting Fragrance Hall 荷风四面亭the Pavilion in the Lotus Breezes 倚玉轩the Listening on Jade Pavilion 待霜亭the Orange Pavilion 雪香云蔚亭the Prunus Mume Pavilion 柳阴路曲the zigzag pathway with willow shade 绣绮亭the Peony Pavilion 见山楼the Mountain in View Tower 别有洞天the Moon Gate 留园The Lingering Garden 华步小筑 A Scene in the Lingering Garden 绿荫the Green Shade Pavilion 小蓬莱the Samll Fairy Isle 舒啸亭the Shuxiao Pavilion 浣云沼the Huanyun Billabong 明瑟搂the Pellucid Tower 涵碧山房Hanbi Mountain Villa 可亭Ke Ting Pavilion 五峰仙馆the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks 林泉耆硕之馆the Old Hermit Scholars’House 闻木樨香轩the Osmanthus Fragrance Pavilion 揖峰轩the Yifeng Pavilion 又一村“another village” 冠云峰the Cloud Capped Peak 冠云台the Cloud Capped Terrace 冠云亭the Cloud Capped Pavilion 曲溪楼the Zigzag Stream Tower 濠濮亭the Haopu Pavilion 曲廊the Zigzag Walkway 清风池馆the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the Lake 活泼泼地the Place of Liveliness 网师园The Master-of-Nets Garden 小山丛桂轩the Small Hill and Osmanthus Fragance Pavilion 云窟月洞门the Yunku Moon Gate 看松读画轩the Watching Pines and Appreciating Paitings Studio 射鸭廊the Duck Shooting Corridor 月到风来亭the Moon Come with Breeze Pavilion 冷泉亭the Cold Spring Pavilion 殿春簃the Peony Study 万卷堂the Hall of Scrolls 撷绣楼the Bueaty Within Reach Tower 五峰书屋the Five Peaks Library 真意门the True Feeling Gate 环秀山庄The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty
景观专业英语大汇总 ·景观设计师必备 常用的景观英文(参考) 1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行&人行) ---------- main entrance gate/guard house (forvehicle& pedestrian ) 2.次入口/岗亭(车行&人行 ) ----------2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian ) 3.商业中心入口---------- entranceto shopping ctr. 4.水景---------- water feature 5.小型露天剧场---------- miniamphi-theatre 6.迎宾景观-1---------- welcomingfeature-1 7.观景木台---------- timber deck (viewing) 8.竹园---------- bamboogarden 9.漫步广场---------- walkwayplaza 10.露天咖啡廊---------- out door cafe 11.巨大迎宾水景-2 ---------- grand welcoming feature-2 12.木桥---------- timberbridge 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台---------- rock'scapewaterfall's grotto/ viewing terrace 14.吊桥---------- hanging bridge 15.休憩台地(低处) ---------- loungingterrace (lower ) 16.休憩台地(高处) ---------- loungingterrace (upper ) 17.特色踏步---------- feature stepping stone 18.野趣小溪---------- river wild 19.儿童乐园 ----------children'splayground 20.旱冰道---------- slide 21.羽毛球场---------- badminton court 22.旱景---------- dry landscape 23.日艺园---------- Japanese garden 24.旱喷泉---------- dry fountain 25.观景台---------- viewingdeck 26.游泳池---------- swimming pool 27.极可意---------- jacuzzi 28.嬉水池---------- wadingpool 29.儿童泳池---------- children'spool 30.蜿蜒水墙---------- winding wall 31.石景雕塑---------- rock sculpture 32.中心广场---------- centralplaza 33.健身广场---------- exercise plaza
园林景观专业英语词汇 园林景观专业英语词汇 规划planning 草图sketch；rough map 平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation 透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage 城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning 步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning 分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan 城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization
城市生态urban ecology 可持续发展sustainable development 历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area 城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration 城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town 城市基础设施urban infrastructure 居民点settlement 市municipality; city 生态基础设施ecological infrastructure 牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city 商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center 商业街commercial street 科技园technological region 校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district
园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening, planting 城市绿化urban green, urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park 风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer, green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attachéd to housing estate, residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land 城市绿地系统urban green space system 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿地覆盖面积green coverage 绿地覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage 绿地率greening rate, ratio of green space 绿带green belt 楔形绿地green wedge 城市绿地boundary line of urban green space 园林史landscape history, garden history 古典园林classical garden 囿hunting park 苑imperial park 皇家园林royal garden 私家园林private garden 寺庙园林monastery garden
专业英语 目录：Cover封面 Content目录 Design Explanation设计说明 Master Plan总平面 Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析 Function Analysis功能分析 Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图 Traffic Analysis交通分析 Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图 Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图 Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan平面图 Hand Drawing手绘效果图 Section剖面图 Detail详图 Central Axis中心公共主轴 Reference Picture参考图片 Planting Reference Picture植物选样材料类： aluminum铝 asphalt沥青 alpine rock轻质岗石 boasted ashlars粗凿 ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品 cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石 clay粘土 crushed gravel碎砾石 crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土 crushed stone碎石 cement石灰 enamel陶瓷、瓷釉 frosted glass磨砂玻璃 grit stone/sand stone砂岩 glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃 granite花岗石、花岗岩 gravel卵石 galleting碎石片 ground pavement material墙面地砖材料 light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢 light slates轻质板岩 lime earth灰土 masonry砝石结构 membrane张拉膜、膜结构 membrane waterproofing薄膜防水
园林学landscape architecture，garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening，planting 城市绿化urban greening，urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjng garden，miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park
风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer，green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attached to housing estate，residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land
1 Why Pagodas Don't Fall Down In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest old buildings - 500 or so wooden pagodas - remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood. Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors. With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo - Japan's first skyscraper - was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968. Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky - nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature's forces. But what sort of tricks? The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eaves of buildings further beyond the walls. This prevents rainwater gushing down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan. 为什么宝塔不会倒塌 在这片被台风席卷、地震撼动的土地上，日本最高、看起来最脆弱的老建筑——500多座木制宝塔——是如何屹立了几个世纪的?记录显示，在过去的1400年里，只有两处坍塌。那些失踪的人由于闪电或内战而被大火烧毁。1995年灾难性的阪神大地震造成6400人死亡，高架路倒塌，办公大楼夷为平地，神户港口地区被毁。然而，尽管它夷平了附近的一些建筑，但却毫发未损。 多年来，日本学者一直对这些细长的建筑为何如此稳定感到困惑。直到30年前，建筑行业才有足够的信心，用钢铁和钢筋混凝土建造超过12层的办公大楼。位于东京市中心的36层楼高的霞关大厦(Kasumigaseki)是日本第一座摩天大楼，1968年建成时，人们认为它是 现代工程学的杰作。 然而，在826年，建筑大师Kobodaishi只用木栓和楔子来保持木结构的直立，毫不犹豫地将他宏伟的东寺宝塔高耸入云，高达55米——几乎是1100年后建成的霞关摩天大楼的一半高。显然，当时的日本木匠知道一些让建筑摇摆和稳定的技巧，而不是对抗自然的力量。但是什么样的技巧呢?
常用的景观英文 1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR. 4.水景WATER FEATURE 5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE 6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-1 7.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING) 8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN 9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA 10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE 11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2 12.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE 14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE 15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER ) 16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER ) 17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE 18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD 19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND 20.旱冰道SLIDE 21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE 23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN 24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN 25.观景台VIEWING DECK 26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL 27.极可意JACUZZI 28.嬉水池WADING POOL 29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL 30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL 31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE 32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA 33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA 34.桥BRIDGE 35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA 36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION 37.停车场PARING AREA 38.特色花架TRELLIS 39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL
课程教育研究 Course Education Ressearch 2016年3月 下旬刊 外语?外文 89 ? ?风景园林专业英语教学探讨 肖慧玲 宋 阳 吴银玲 宋建成 （湖北工程学院 城市建设学院 湖北 孝感 432000） 【摘要】本文首先指出高校风景园林专业英语教学过程中现存的主要问题，然后针对这些问题提出丰富教学内容、转变教学方式、提高教师素质等改革措施。 【关键词】风景园林 专业英语 教学改革 【中图分类号】G642 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）03-0089-02一、引言 2011年教育部、国务院学位委员会将风景园林新增为一级学科，越来越多的高校增设风景园林专业，新形势要求该学科建 设要不断完善。风景园林专业英语作为该学科的一门专业基础课，其教学目标是培养学生运用英语这个语言工具来学习风景园林专业知识和处理本专业相关业务，了解和学习风景园林专业相关 初中英语课堂教学中的情感教育研究 邓芳媛 （吉林省四平市第二中学 吉林 四平 136001） 【摘要】在初中英语课堂教学中，合理运用情感教育不但可以活跃课堂气氛，还能够拉近教师和学生的距离，最重要的是可以通过情感教育，培养学生的英语学习兴趣，缓解学生的学习压力，让学生对英语课堂和英语学习产生浓厚的兴趣，达到提高课堂教学质量的目的。因此，我们应要认识到情感教育的重要性，并根据初中英语课堂教学需要，采取必要的情感教育措施，保证情感教育得到有效开展，为初中英语课堂教学提供有力的支持，推动初中英语课堂教学发展，提高初中英语课堂教学水平。 【关键词】初中英语 课堂教学 情感教育 【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）03-0089-01一、前言 对于初中英语课堂教学而言，情感教育是提高课堂教学效果的重要手段。基于初中英语课堂教学实际，要想做好情感教育，保证情感教育的有效开展，除了要对情感教育引起足够的认识之外，还要从用积极的态度感染学生、激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感以及建立融洽的师生关系入手，保证初中英语课堂教学的情感教育能够达到预期目标，提高初中英语课堂情感教育的实施效果。因此，正确开展情感教育，并赋予情感教育特殊的教育地位，对初中英语课堂教学的开展具有重要意义。 二、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，教师要用积极的态度去感染学生 在初中英语课堂教学中，教师的态度是决定课堂教学效果的关键。基于教师在课堂教学中的重要作用，以及教师在情感教育中的特殊地位，教师只有用积极的态度去感染学生，才能提高课堂教学的整体效果。具体应从以下几个方面入手： 1.教师应拉近与学生的距离 为了消除师生间的陌生感，在英语课堂教学中，教师应通过英语对话以及提问和互动的方式，拉近与学生的距离，增强学生的参与感，让学生体会到教师的用心。 2.教师应用积极的态度感染学生 教师作为英语课堂教学的主导力量，除了要做好教学准备之外，还要用积极的态度感染学生，让学生跟上教师节奏，积极主动的参与课堂活动，提高课堂教学质量。 3.教师应尊重学生并鼓励学生 鉴于学生的主体地位，在课堂教学中，教师应充分尊重学生的特点，并结合英语教学需要以及英语教学内容，鼓励学生参与课堂教学，让学生树立自信心。 三、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，应激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感 从目前初中英语课堂的情感教育开展来看，在情感教育中激发学生的学习兴趣是十分必要的。通过培养学生学习英语的情感，使学生能够对英语产生浓厚的兴趣，为提高课堂教学质量提供有力的支持。为此，情感教育应从以下几个方面入手： 1.选择学生感兴趣的教学内容，激发学生学习兴趣 为了达到激发学生学习兴趣的目的，在英语课堂教学中，可以选择学生感兴趣的内容进行教学，并合理选择课外读物，拓展学生视野，让学生对英语产生良好的印象。 2.根据学生特点，培养学生学习英语的情感 结合初中英语课堂教学实际，考虑到学生的英语基础和个性特点，教师应根据学生的特点重点培养学生学习英语的情感，使学生对英语知识能够有正确的认识。 3.在学生和英语之间建立良好的纽带，活跃课堂气氛 教师作为课堂教学的主导者，应在学生和英语之间建立良好的纽带，既培养学生的学习兴趣，又能够活跃课堂气氛，保证课堂教学能够得到有效开展。 四、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，应建立融洽的师生关系每个孩子都是有血有肉有感情的人，每个学生都期望得到老师的关注和爱，老师如果能热爱自己的职业，尊重自己的学生，就能刺激学生健康的情绪，容易使学生产生学习英语的积极动机。所以，关爱学生，尊重学生的情感需求非常重要。例如可以在班级设计英语展示角，定期展示英语书法、英语小短文，激发孩子良好的课外英语学习习惯，培养孩子们积极健康的生活态度，建立融洽的师生关系。 五、结论 通过本文的分析可知，情感教育是初中英语课堂教学的重要内容，基于初中英语课堂教学实际，要想做好情感教育，保证情感教育的有效开展，除了要对情感教育引起足够的认识之外，还要从用积极的态度感染学生、激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感以及建立融洽的师生关系入手，保证初中英语课堂教学的情感教育能够达到预期目标，提高初中英语课堂情感教育的实施效果。因此，正确开展情感教育，并赋予情感教育特殊的教育地位，是初中英语课堂教学的重要措施。 参考文献： [1] 李雪梅.英语教学中开展情感教育的途径[J].吉林教育，2014年09期. [2] 曹玲林.浅谈在英语教学中实施情感教育的途径[J].华章，2014年28期. [3] 么晓宁.英语教学中的情感教育初探[J].中小学教学研究，2014年12期. [4] 张成军.浅谈中学英语教学中的情感教育[J].成才之路，2014年13期. [5] 董英.浅谈初中英语教学中的情感教育[J].科学大众，2014年10期. [6] 周德珍.英语教学中的情感教育[J].科学咨询(教育科研)，2014年01期.