园林学landscape architecture，garden architecture 园林garden and park
绿化greening，planting
城市绿化urban greening，urban planting
城市绿地urban green space
公园绿地public park
公园park
儿童公园children park
动物园zoo
植物园botanical garden
墓园cemetery garden
盆景园penjng garden，miniature landscape
盲人公园park for the blind
花园garden
历史名园historical garden and park
风景名胜公园famous scenic park
纪念公园memorial park
街旁绿地roadside green space
带状公园linear park
专类公园theme park
岩石园rock garden
社区公园community park
生产绿地productive plantation area
防护绿地green buffer，green area for environmental protection
附属绿地attached green space
居住绿地green space attached to housing estate，residential green space
道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square
屋顶花园roof garden
立体绿化vertical planting
风景林地scenic forest land
城市绿地系统urban green space system
城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿化覆盖面积green coverage
绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage
绿地率greening rate，ratio of green space
绿带green belt
楔形绿地green wedge
城市绿线boundary line of urban green space
园林史landscape history，garden history
古典园林classical garden
囿hunting park
苑imperial park
皇家园林royal garden
私家园林private garden
寺庙园林monastery garden
园林艺术garden art
相地site investigation
造景landscaping
借景borrowed scencry，view borrowing
园林意境poetic imagcry of garden
透景线perspective line
盆景miniature landscape，penjing
插花flower arrangement
季相seasonal appearance of plant
园林规划garden planning，landscaping planning 园林布局garden layout
园林设计garden design
公园最大游人量maximum visitors capacity in park 地形设计topographical design
园路设计garden path design
种植设计planting design
孤植specimen planting，isolated planting
对植Opposite planting，coupled planting
列植linear planting
群植group planting，mass planting
园林植物landscape plant
观赏植物ornamental plant
古树名木historical tree and famous wood species 地被植物ground cover plant
攀缘植物climbing plant，climber
温室植物greenhouse plant
花卉flowering plant
行道树avenue tree，street tree
草坪lawn
绿篱hedge
花篱flower hedge
花境flower border
人工植物群落man-made planting habitat
园林建筑garden building
园林小品small garden ornaments
园廊veranda，gallery，colonnade
水榭waterside pavilion
舫boat house
园亭garden pavilion，pavilion
园台platform
月洞门moon gate
花架pergola，trellis
园林楹联couplet written on scroll，couplet on pillar 园林匾额bian'e in garden
园林工程garden engineering
绿化工程plant engineering
大树移植big tree transplanting
假植heeling in，temporary planting
基础种植foundation planting
种植成活率ratio of living tree
适地适树planting according to the environment 造型修剪topiary
园艺horticulture
假山rockwork，artificial hill
置石stone arrangement，stone layout
掇山piled stone hill，hill making
塑山man-made rock work
园林理水water system layout in garden
驳岸revetment in garden
喷泉fountain
风景名胜区landscape and famous scenery
国家重点风景名胜区national park of China
风景名胜区规划landscape and famous scenery planning 风景名胜famous scenery，famous scenic site
风景资源scenery resource
景物view，feature
景点feature spot，view spot
景区scenic zone
景观landscape，scenery
游览线touring route
环境容量environmental capacity
国家公园national park
景观设计要素专业术语 英文大全 （喜欢请转 ） 来邓卓迪的日志 2.0001 园林学 landscape architecture, garden ar-chitecture 2.0002 造园学 garden making, landscape garden-ing 2.0003 环境园艺学 environmental horticulture 2.0004 观赏园 艺学 ornamental horticulture 2.0005 园林艺术 garden art 2.0006 园林美学 garden aesthetics 2.0007 园林建筑学 garden architecture 2.0012 盆景 miniature landscape, penjing 2.0013 园林 garden and park 2.0014 园林学史 history of garden architecture 2.0015 园林规划 garden planning, landscaping planning 2.0016 园林设计 garden design 2.0017 园林机具设备 gardening machine 2.0018 园林管理 garden management 2.0019 园林生态 landscape ecology 2.0020 绿化 greening, planting 2.0021 环境绿化 environmental greening 2.0022 绿地面积 green area 2.0023 绿地率 ratio of green space 2.0024 城市绿化覆盖率 urban green coverage 2.0025 工厂绿化 factory greening, factory garden-ing 2.0026 街道绿化 street greening, street planting 2.0027 车行道绿化 driveway greening 2.0028 分车带绿化 dividing stripe greening 2.0029 人行道绿化 sidewalk greening 2.0031 郊区绿化 suburban greening 2.0032 公路绿化 highway greening railway greening, railway planting bank planting balcony greening 2.0036 窗台绿化 window-sill greening 2.0037 屋顶绿化 roof greening vertical greening climber greening bridgehead greening 2.0041 花园 garden 2.0042 专类花园 specified flower garden 2.0030 群众绿化 mass planting movement 2.0008 园林建筑 2.0009 园林工程 2.0010 园林植物 2.0011 观赏植物 garden building garden engineering landscape plant ornamental plant 2.0033 铁路绿化 2.0034 堤岸种植 2.0035 阳台绿化 2.0038 垂直绿化 2.0039 攀缘绿化 2.0040 桥头绿化
The practice and theory of Landscape Architecture 景观规划设计理论 【1】Landscape Architecture involves the five major components:They are natural process，human factors，methodology，technology，and values，whatever the scale or emphasis of operation，these five components are consistently relevant.Social and nature factors clearly permeate every facet of a profession that is concerned with people and land. Problem solving，planning，and design methods apply at all scales.Good judgment is consistently required. 风景园林设计包含五个主要方面:自然进程、社会进程、方法论、技术、价值观,无论规模尺度或运作的重点各不相同,这五个要素一贯是相关的。社会因素和自然因素的因子充斥着这个关系到人与土地的领域的方方面面。解决问题,规划、设计方法都会用到所有的尺度。正确的判断判断是一贯必须的。 【2】Consider how natural factors data are relevant to both planning and design.At the regional scale，the impact of development or change in use on a landscape must be known and evaluated before a policy to allow such action is set.An inventory of the natural factors，including geology，soils，hydrology，topography，climate，vegetation and wildlife，and the ecological relationships between them is fundamental to and understanding of the ecosystem to which change is contemplated.Equally important is an analysis of visual quality .Land use policy can thus be made on the basis of the known vulnerability of resistance of the landscape.In other circumstances the natural processes which add up to a given landscape at a give moment in its evolution may，as at Grand Canyon and other unique places，be considered a resource to be preserved，protected，and managed as a public trust.On a smaller scale，soil and geological conditions may be critical in the determination of the cost and the form of building foundations: where it is most suitable to build and where it is not.Sun，wind，and rain are important factors of design where the development of comfort zones for human activity or the growth of plants is a primary objective.Thus，in many ways natural factors influence land use，site planning，and detailer design. 自然因素的考虑与规划和设计都有关系。在区域尺度上，关于利用方面的开发变化的影响，在政策制定之前，必须了解和评估景观的脆弱性和敏感性。详细的自然因素,包括地质的、土壤的、水文的、地形地貌的、气候的、植被的和野生动物的、以及它们之间的生态关系是理解它将要改变的生态系统的基础。同样重要的是视觉质量的分析。土地利用政策的基础是由于了解到景观的脆弱性和抗损性的基础上建立的。在某些发展进化的过程中，一些在特定的时刻作用到特定的景观的自然进程会产生一些公共资源,比如科罗拉多大峡谷，让我们后人去保护它和管理它。在小尺度上，土壤和地质条件是决定建筑的成本和建筑基础形态的关键要素——哪里适宜建立以及哪里不适宜。设计是为人类发展活动找到适宜的空间或者以植物的生长为主要目标，因此，阳光,风和雨是设计最重要的要素。因此,场地和区域的自然要素在景观规划和设计的许多过程当中相互作用。 【3】The social factors apply equally at various scales.In site planning and landscape design，cultural variation in the use and appreciation of open space and parks and the physical and social needs of the young and old are some of the many variables to be considered in a design process that aims to be responsive to social values and human needs.In decisions relates to appropriation of landscape for recreation and aesthetic value people’s perception of t he environment and the
中国古典园林classical Chinese gardens 苏州园林Suzhou Gardens 拙政园The Humble Administrator’s Garden 塔影亭the tower shadow Pavilion 留听阁the Stay and Listen Pavilion 浮翠阁the Floating Green Pavilion 笠亭the Li Pavilion 与谁同坐轩the “With Whom Shall I Sit?”Pavilion 宜两亭Both Families Pavilion 三十六鸳鸯馆the 36 Pairs of Mandarin Ducks’Hall 十八曼陀罗花馆the 18 Stramonium Flowers’Hall 枇杷园Loquat Garden 海棠春坞Malus spring castle 听雨轩the “Listen to the rain”Pavilion 玲珑馆Exquisite Hall 小飞虹the Small Flying Rainbow 得真亭the Get Reality Pavilion 小沧浪The small Pavilion of Quiet Meditation 听松风处the place for listening to the pine wind 香洲the Boat-like Structure 玉兰堂the Magnolia 远香堂Drifting Fragrance Hall 荷风四面亭the Pavilion in the Lotus Breezes 倚玉轩the Listening on Jade Pavilion 待霜亭the Orange Pavilion 雪香云蔚亭the Prunus Mume Pavilion 柳阴路曲the zigzag pathway with willow shade 绣绮亭the Peony Pavilion 见山楼the Mountain in View Tower 别有洞天the Moon Gate 留园The Lingering Garden 华步小筑 A Scene in the Lingering Garden 绿荫the Green Shade Pavilion 小蓬莱the Samll Fairy Isle 舒啸亭the Shuxiao Pavilion 浣云沼the Huanyun Billabong 明瑟搂the Pellucid Tower 涵碧山房Hanbi Mountain Villa 可亭Ke Ting Pavilion 五峰仙馆the Celestial Hall of Five Peaks 林泉耆硕之馆the Old Hermit Scholars’House 闻木樨香轩the Osmanthus Fragrance Pavilion 揖峰轩the Yifeng Pavilion 又一村“another village” 冠云峰the Cloud Capped Peak 冠云台the Cloud Capped Terrace 冠云亭the Cloud Capped Pavilion 曲溪楼the Zigzag Stream Tower 濠濮亭the Haopu Pavilion 曲廊the Zigzag Walkway 清风池馆the Refreshing Breeze Pavilion by the Lake 活泼泼地the Place of Liveliness 网师园The Master-of-Nets Garden 小山丛桂轩the Small Hill and Osmanthus Fragance Pavilion 云窟月洞门the Yunku Moon Gate 看松读画轩the Watching Pines and Appreciating Paitings Studio 射鸭廊the Duck Shooting Corridor 月到风来亭the Moon Come with Breeze Pavilion 冷泉亭the Cold Spring Pavilion 殿春簃the Peony Study 万卷堂the Hall of Scrolls 撷绣楼the Bueaty Within Reach Tower 五峰书屋the Five Peaks Library 真意门the True Feeling Gate 环秀山庄The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty
景观专业英语大汇总 ·景观设计师必备 常用的景观英文(参考) 1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行&人行) ---------- main entrance gate/guard house (forvehicle& pedestrian ) 2.次入口/岗亭(车行&人行 ) ----------2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian ) 3.商业中心入口---------- entranceto shopping ctr. 4.水景---------- water feature 5.小型露天剧场---------- miniamphi-theatre 6.迎宾景观-1---------- welcomingfeature-1 7.观景木台---------- timber deck (viewing) 8.竹园---------- bamboogarden 9.漫步广场---------- walkwayplaza 10.露天咖啡廊---------- out door cafe 11.巨大迎宾水景-2 ---------- grand welcoming feature-2 12.木桥---------- timberbridge 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台---------- rock'scapewaterfall's grotto/ viewing terrace 14.吊桥---------- hanging bridge 15.休憩台地(低处) ---------- loungingterrace (lower ) 16.休憩台地(高处) ---------- loungingterrace (upper ) 17.特色踏步---------- feature stepping stone 18.野趣小溪---------- river wild 19.儿童乐园 ----------children'splayground 20.旱冰道---------- slide 21.羽毛球场---------- badminton court 22.旱景---------- dry landscape 23.日艺园---------- Japanese garden 24.旱喷泉---------- dry fountain 25.观景台---------- viewingdeck 26.游泳池---------- swimming pool 27.极可意---------- jacuzzi 28.嬉水池---------- wadingpool 29.儿童泳池---------- children'spool 30.蜿蜒水墙---------- winding wall 31.石景雕塑---------- rock sculpture 32.中心广场---------- centralplaza 33.健身广场---------- exercise plaza
园林学landscape architecture, garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening, planting 城市绿化urban green, urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park 风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer, green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attachéd to housing estate, residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land 城市绿地系统urban green space system 城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 绿地覆盖面积green coverage 绿地覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage 绿地率greening rate, ratio of green space 绿带green belt 楔形绿地green wedge 城市绿地boundary line of urban green space 园林史landscape history, garden history 古典园林classical garden 囿hunting park 苑imperial park 皇家园林royal garden 私家园林private garden 寺庙园林monastery garden
园林景观专业英语词汇 园林景观专业英语词汇 规划planning 草图sketch；rough map 平面plan 剖面section 立面elevation 透视perspective 示意图diagram 容积率coverage 城市设计urban design; civic design 区域规划regional planning 步行轴ped axis 总体规划general planning; master planning 分区规划district planning 近期建设规划immediate plan 城市详细规划detailed planning 控制性详细规划control detailed planning 修建性详细规划site plan 居住区规划residential district planning 城市化urbanization
城市生态urban ecology 可持续发展sustainable development 历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment 开发区development area 城市化水平urbanization level 城市群agglomeration 城镇体系urban system 卫星城satellite town 城市基础设施urban infrastructure 居民点settlement 市municipality; city 生态基础设施ecological infrastructure 牧场pasture 市域administrative region of a city 商业区commercial district 行政中心administration center 商业街commercial street 科技园technological region 校园规划campus planning 城市中心区urban center district
专业英语 目录：Cover封面 Content目录 Design Explanation设计说明 Master Plan总平面 Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析 Function Analysis功能分析 Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图 Traffic Analysis交通分析 Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图 Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图 Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan平面图 Hand Drawing手绘效果图 Section剖面图 Detail详图 Central Axis中心公共主轴 Reference Picture参考图片 Planting Reference Picture植物选样材料类： aluminum铝 asphalt沥青 alpine rock轻质岗石 boasted ashlars粗凿 ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品 cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石 clay粘土 crushed gravel碎砾石 crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土 crushed stone碎石 cement石灰 enamel陶瓷、瓷釉 frosted glass磨砂玻璃 grit stone/sand stone砂岩 glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃 granite花岗石、花岗岩 gravel卵石 galleting碎石片 ground pavement material墙面地砖材料 light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢 light slates轻质板岩 lime earth灰土 masonry砝石结构 membrane张拉膜、膜结构 membrane waterproofing薄膜防水
1 Why Pagodas Don't Fall Down In a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest old buildings - 500 or so wooden pagodas - remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood. Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors. With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo - Japan's first skyscraper - was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968. Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky - nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature's forces. But what sort of tricks? The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eaves of buildings further beyond the walls. This prevents rainwater gushing down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan. 为什么宝塔不会倒塌 在这片被台风席卷、地震撼动的土地上，日本最高、看起来最脆弱的老建筑——500多座木制宝塔——是如何屹立了几个世纪的?记录显示，在过去的1400年里，只有两处坍塌。那些失踪的人由于闪电或内战而被大火烧毁。1995年灾难性的阪神大地震造成6400人死亡，高架路倒塌，办公大楼夷为平地，神户港口地区被毁。然而，尽管它夷平了附近的一些建筑，但却毫发未损。 多年来，日本学者一直对这些细长的建筑为何如此稳定感到困惑。直到30年前，建筑行业才有足够的信心，用钢铁和钢筋混凝土建造超过12层的办公大楼。位于东京市中心的36层楼高的霞关大厦(Kasumigaseki)是日本第一座摩天大楼，1968年建成时，人们认为它是 现代工程学的杰作。 然而，在826年，建筑大师Kobodaishi只用木栓和楔子来保持木结构的直立，毫不犹豫地将他宏伟的东寺宝塔高耸入云，高达55米——几乎是1100年后建成的霞关摩天大楼的一半高。显然，当时的日本木匠知道一些让建筑摇摆和稳定的技巧，而不是对抗自然的力量。但是什么样的技巧呢?
园林学landscape architecture，garden architecture 园林garden and park 绿化greening，planting 城市绿化urban greening，urban planting 城市绿地urban green space 公园绿地public park 公园park 儿童公园children park 动物园zoo 植物园botanical garden 墓园cemetery garden 盆景园penjng garden，miniature landscape 盲人公园park for the blind 花园garden 历史名园historical garden and park
风景名胜公园famous scenic park 纪念公园memorial park 街旁绿地roadside green space 带状公园linear park 专类公园theme park 岩石园rock garden 社区公园community park 生产绿地productive plantation area 防护绿地green buffer，green area for environmental protection 附属绿地attached green space 居住绿地green space attached to housing estate，residential green space 道路绿地green space attached to urban road and square 屋顶花园roof garden 立体绿化vertical planting 风景林地scenic forest land
常用的景观英文 1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行) MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN ) 3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR. 4.水景WATER FEATURE 5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE 6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-1 7.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING) 8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN 9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA 10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE 11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-2 12.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE 13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK'SCAPE WATERFALL'S GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE 14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE 15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER ) 16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER ) 17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE 18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD 19.儿童乐园CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUND 20.旱冰道SLIDE 21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT 22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE 23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN 24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN 25.观景台VIEWING DECK 26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL 27.极可意JACUZZI 28.嬉水池WADING POOL 29.儿童泳池CHILDREN'S POOL 30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING WALL 31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE 32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA 33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA 34.桥BRIDGE 35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA 36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION 37.停车场PARING AREA 38.特色花架TRELLIS 39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL
课程教育研究 Course Education Ressearch 2016年3月 下旬刊 外语?外文 89 ? ?风景园林专业英语教学探讨 肖慧玲 宋 阳 吴银玲 宋建成 （湖北工程学院 城市建设学院 湖北 孝感 432000） 【摘要】本文首先指出高校风景园林专业英语教学过程中现存的主要问题，然后针对这些问题提出丰富教学内容、转变教学方式、提高教师素质等改革措施。 【关键词】风景园林 专业英语 教学改革 【中图分类号】G642 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）03-0089-02一、引言 2011年教育部、国务院学位委员会将风景园林新增为一级学科，越来越多的高校增设风景园林专业，新形势要求该学科建 设要不断完善。风景园林专业英语作为该学科的一门专业基础课，其教学目标是培养学生运用英语这个语言工具来学习风景园林专业知识和处理本专业相关业务，了解和学习风景园林专业相关 初中英语课堂教学中的情感教育研究 邓芳媛 （吉林省四平市第二中学 吉林 四平 136001） 【摘要】在初中英语课堂教学中，合理运用情感教育不但可以活跃课堂气氛，还能够拉近教师和学生的距离，最重要的是可以通过情感教育，培养学生的英语学习兴趣，缓解学生的学习压力，让学生对英语课堂和英语学习产生浓厚的兴趣，达到提高课堂教学质量的目的。因此，我们应要认识到情感教育的重要性，并根据初中英语课堂教学需要，采取必要的情感教育措施，保证情感教育得到有效开展，为初中英语课堂教学提供有力的支持，推动初中英语课堂教学发展，提高初中英语课堂教学水平。 【关键词】初中英语 课堂教学 情感教育 【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089（2016）03-0089-01一、前言 对于初中英语课堂教学而言，情感教育是提高课堂教学效果的重要手段。基于初中英语课堂教学实际，要想做好情感教育，保证情感教育的有效开展，除了要对情感教育引起足够的认识之外，还要从用积极的态度感染学生、激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感以及建立融洽的师生关系入手，保证初中英语课堂教学的情感教育能够达到预期目标，提高初中英语课堂情感教育的实施效果。因此，正确开展情感教育，并赋予情感教育特殊的教育地位，对初中英语课堂教学的开展具有重要意义。 二、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，教师要用积极的态度去感染学生 在初中英语课堂教学中，教师的态度是决定课堂教学效果的关键。基于教师在课堂教学中的重要作用，以及教师在情感教育中的特殊地位，教师只有用积极的态度去感染学生，才能提高课堂教学的整体效果。具体应从以下几个方面入手： 1.教师应拉近与学生的距离 为了消除师生间的陌生感，在英语课堂教学中，教师应通过英语对话以及提问和互动的方式，拉近与学生的距离，增强学生的参与感，让学生体会到教师的用心。 2.教师应用积极的态度感染学生 教师作为英语课堂教学的主导力量，除了要做好教学准备之外，还要用积极的态度感染学生，让学生跟上教师节奏，积极主动的参与课堂活动，提高课堂教学质量。 3.教师应尊重学生并鼓励学生 鉴于学生的主体地位，在课堂教学中，教师应充分尊重学生的特点，并结合英语教学需要以及英语教学内容，鼓励学生参与课堂教学，让学生树立自信心。 三、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，应激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感 从目前初中英语课堂的情感教育开展来看，在情感教育中激发学生的学习兴趣是十分必要的。通过培养学生学习英语的情感，使学生能够对英语产生浓厚的兴趣，为提高课堂教学质量提供有力的支持。为此，情感教育应从以下几个方面入手： 1.选择学生感兴趣的教学内容，激发学生学习兴趣 为了达到激发学生学习兴趣的目的，在英语课堂教学中，可以选择学生感兴趣的内容进行教学，并合理选择课外读物，拓展学生视野，让学生对英语产生良好的印象。 2.根据学生特点，培养学生学习英语的情感 结合初中英语课堂教学实际，考虑到学生的英语基础和个性特点，教师应根据学生的特点重点培养学生学习英语的情感，使学生对英语知识能够有正确的认识。 3.在学生和英语之间建立良好的纽带，活跃课堂气氛 教师作为课堂教学的主导者，应在学生和英语之间建立良好的纽带，既培养学生的学习兴趣，又能够活跃课堂气氛，保证课堂教学能够得到有效开展。 四、初中英语课堂教学在情感教育中，应建立融洽的师生关系每个孩子都是有血有肉有感情的人，每个学生都期望得到老师的关注和爱，老师如果能热爱自己的职业，尊重自己的学生，就能刺激学生健康的情绪，容易使学生产生学习英语的积极动机。所以，关爱学生，尊重学生的情感需求非常重要。例如可以在班级设计英语展示角，定期展示英语书法、英语小短文，激发孩子良好的课外英语学习习惯，培养孩子们积极健康的生活态度，建立融洽的师生关系。 五、结论 通过本文的分析可知，情感教育是初中英语课堂教学的重要内容，基于初中英语课堂教学实际，要想做好情感教育，保证情感教育的有效开展，除了要对情感教育引起足够的认识之外，还要从用积极的态度感染学生、激发学生学习兴趣，培养学生学习英语的情感以及建立融洽的师生关系入手，保证初中英语课堂教学的情感教育能够达到预期目标，提高初中英语课堂情感教育的实施效果。因此，正确开展情感教育，并赋予情感教育特殊的教育地位，是初中英语课堂教学的重要措施。 参考文献： [1] 李雪梅.英语教学中开展情感教育的途径[J].吉林教育，2014年09期. [2] 曹玲林.浅谈在英语教学中实施情感教育的途径[J].华章，2014年28期. [3] 么晓宁.英语教学中的情感教育初探[J].中小学教学研究，2014年12期. [4] 张成军.浅谈中学英语教学中的情感教育[J].成才之路，2014年13期. [5] 董英.浅谈初中英语教学中的情感教育[J].科学大众，2014年10期. [6] 周德珍.英语教学中的情感教育[J].科学咨询(教育科研)，2014年01期.
保留地 reserved land 步行街 pedestrian street 仓储区 warehouse district 仓储用地 warehouse land 城市（城镇） city 城市布局 urban layout 城市道路面积率 urban road area ratio 城市道路网 urban road network 城市道路网密度 density of urban road network 城市道路系统 urban road system 城市对外交通 intercity transportation 城市发展方向 direction for urban development 城市发展目标 goal for urban development 城市发展战略 strategy for urban development 城市防洪 urban flood control 城市防洪标准 flood control standard 城市防洪工程 flood control works 城市防空 urban air defense 城市防灾 urban disaster prevention 城市防震 earthquake hazard protection 城市给水 water supply 城市给水工程 water supply engineering
城市给水系统 water supply system 城市工程管线综合 integrated design for utilities pipelines 城市功能分区 functional districts 城市供电电源 power source 城市供电系统 power supply system 城市供热系统 district heating system 城市规划 urban planning 城市规划法规 legislation on urban planning 城市规划管理 urban planning administration 城市规划建设管理 urban planning and development control 城市规划区 urban planning area 城市规划用地管理 urban planning land use administration 城市规模 city size 城市化 urbanization 城市化水平 urbanization level 城市环境保护 city environmental protection 城市环境污染 city environmental pollution 城市环境质量 city environmental quality 城市环境质量评价 city environmental quality assessment 城市基础设施 urban infrastructure 城市集中供热 district heating 城市建成区 urban built-up area