新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课后答案课
集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
UNIT ONE Party Politics
P8 I Comprehension Check
1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCAB
P10 Vocabulary Study
I 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCD
II 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklish
P11III Translation
To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial.
P13 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTT
B.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTF
UNIT TWO The New Singles
P29 I Comprehension Check
1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCAD
P31 Vocabulary Study
I 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist 7.neoclassical 8. neonates
II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion
P32III Translation
Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting
their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and
they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person.
Key to Supplementary Readings
(略)
UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die?
P51 Comprehension Check
1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDAD
P53 Vocabulary Study
I 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount
6.ethical
7.prolonged
8. thorny
9.congenital 10.subsequently
II 1.euthanasia 2.salvaged 3.deformity 4.defects 5. handicaps 6.lingering 7. grapple 8. allegedly 9.acquitted 10.frontiers
III Translation
People who are energetic, happy, and relaxed are less likely to catch a cold than those who are depressed, nervous, or angry. When the brain is “happy”, it sends messages to our organs that help keep the body healthy and sound. Your chance of developing the common cold, pneumonia, or even cancer may very well be decreased by keeping your brain in a healthy state. In addition, happy and relaxed people are prone to better health practices than their negative and stressed counterparts. They
are more likely to get plenty of sleep and to engaged in regular exercise, and have been shown to have lower levels of certain stress hormones.
P59 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 TTTFT B 1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TFTFF
UNIT FOUR The Cultural Patterning of Space
P71 Comprehension Check
1-5 BABCC 6-9 DDDB
P73 Vocabulary Study
I 1-5 begja 6-10 hcifd
II 1.anthropologists 2. Patterns 3.tangible 4. persistent 5. infringe 6. integrate 7. secular 8. spatial 9.florist’s
10.Architecture
III Translation
As one travels abroad and examines the ways in which space is handled, startling variations are discovered; differrences which we react to vigorously. Since none of us are taught to look at space as isolated from other associations, feelings cued by the handling of space are often attributed to something else. In growing up people learn literarily thousands of
spatial cues, all of which have their own meanings in their own contexts.
当人们到海外旅游时，如果留心观察外国人如何处理空间关系，就会发现许多令人惊讶的不同之处；而这些不同之处总让我们反应强烈。因为从来没有人教我们要把空间与其它联想区别开来，所以我们常认为空间处理引发的感觉是出于其它的原因。从小到大。人们要学会几千种空间暗示，所有这些暗示在不同的情境中都有不同的含义。
UNIT FIVE Can You Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?
P94 Comprehension Check
1-5 BDADB 6-9 AADB
P95 Vocabulary Study
I 1-5 deigj 6-10 hfabc
II 1.provocative 2. notional 3. curb 4.devastating 5. appalling 6.perspective 7. counterpart 8. fray 9.defuse 10.frustrated
III Translation
Wealth exposed American manners to continuing international scrutiny because it underwrote an expansion of tourism. In the late nineteenth century the American abroad symbolized for some the dangders of sudden wealth and became an instrument to expose comparative social codes and standards of morality. Boasting, vulgarity, obsessive acquisitiveness, and
insensitivity were soon associated with this early version of the Ugly American. Representing a small portion of the population, the international travelers seemed to stand for the
whole country in the eyes of many foreigners, and it was the prodigality of their wealth, the apparently limitless wallets and purses, that seemed most dangerous. American money threatened to loot the Old World of its historic treasures, and aggressive celebrity hunters and relic gatherers to invade European privacy as well.
财富使美国人的行为一直受到国际上的关注，因为它是旅游业的基础。19世纪末，有人认为，在海外的美国人是那些骤增财富的内在危险的象征，并使他们那并非完美无缺的社会准则和道德标准面临腐蚀的危险。自吹自擂、粗俗鲁莽、贪得无厌、麻木不仁很快成了早期的丑陋美国人的象征。周游列国的旅行者在全国人口中虽然只是一小部分，但在许多外国人眼里，他们好像代表了这个国家的所有人。他们挥霍无度，看起来有用之不尽的资产，这是最大的危险。美钞大有把旧世界历史上的奇珍异宝掠之一空之势。一群追逐名利和涉猎文物古玩的人无孔不入，极大地扰乱了欧洲人的私生活。
UNIT SIX The New American Dreamers
P115 Comprehension Check
1-5 DEAAC 6-10 DCDAB
P117 Vocabulary Study
I outgoing 2.petite 3.emphatically 4.self-possessed 5. quest
6.personable
7. fantasized
8. buy into
9.defer 10.caught up
II 1.involved 2. committed 3. figure out 4. convinced
5.affluent
6. tied down
7. quest
8. the end of the rainbow
9.therapeutic 10. formulating
III Translation
我赞成这样的理想：人应该各方面都很出色，既要有头脑，也要有健美
的体格。我希望能得到某种幸福和快乐。美国是能得到这些东西的最好
的地方，因为这里的人和我们的思想来自世界各地。至今到美国来寻梦
的仍然大有人在。
现在我明白了，决定美国梦能否实现的不是教育、不是机会、也不是艰
苦的工作，而是权势和恐惧感。你在企业里爬到的地位越高，你失去的
东西就越多。美国梦并没有破灭。今天在美国十分流行的想法是：千万
不能失去梦想。
I agree to this ideal: people should be good in all aspects, It is necessary to have not only the mind, but also magnificent physique. I hope to get some kind of happiness and joy. The United States is the best place to get these things, because
the people here and their ideas come from all over the world.
So far , here are still many people to seek a dream.
Now I know, It is not education, not opportunities, and not hard work, but power and fear that decide whether the American dream can come to be or not. The higher your position is in enterprise, the more you lose something. The American dream is
not the end. The idea is very popular in the United States today: never lose one’s dream.
P126 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 CCBDD 6-8 AAA
B.1-5 FFFTF 6-10 TTTFT
UNIT SEVEN A Son’s Restless Journey
P143 Comprehension Check
1-5 ABDCB 6-8 DAB
P144 Vocabulary Study
I 1.carped 2. embodied 3. agonized 4. outright 5. peered
6.mediocre
7. inundated
8. bucked
9. snarling at 10.petered out II 1.obsolete 2.wince 3.grueling 4. whizzed through 5. pretentious 6.squelched 7.mull 8. jaded 9. misgivings 10. sanctuary 11.unfazed 12.posed 13.scoffed 14. misbehaved
III Translation
Clinton and Bush are different greatly from each other. Clinton attends in person to everything, trival of critical; He can memorize data well just like a computer; He and his advisors never fail to take part in the interminable meeting of politics or economy. On the contrary, Bush dislike a meeting that lasts over 15 minutes, and even loathes being bothered by confusing figures. Clinton has cared very much about public approval
presented by polls since his early presidency, where Bush, in a sharp contrast, proclaimed at the outset of his election that he would make all decisions on his own.
Clinton is an avid reader, but his successor is not. Joyful, casual and elegant, the ex-president time and again drinks a little, but the new president has been a teetotal since he abstained from it 14 years ago.
Bush Jr. was born of a privileged WASP family in Texas, while the former, from an ordinary family, has tempered himself and developed his talents in hardships. He works with his wisdom and eloquence, which his successor is short of.
P150 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 DCCDB 6-10 ABAAB
B. 1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTTFF 11-15 TTFFF
UNIT EIGHT Sex Roles
P169 Comprehension Check
1-5 DCABA 6-10 CCBAD
P171 Vocabulary Study
I 1-5 jhgab 6-10 idcfe
II 1. aggressive 2. stereotyped 3. inhibit 4. masculine
5.disapproval
6.subsistence
7. speculate
8.perceive
9.
socialize 10.prone
III Translation
令人不安的是，妇女解放似乎是一种让妇女多干活的“权利”。一个获得解放的职业妇女比一个很满足的妈妈更快乐吗如果男人喜欢工作，而女人乐于在家帮助他们分担压力，这有什么可指责的呢我不觉得“平等”受到威胁，这只是理性的劳动分工。我相信创造和谐的家庭是妇女的责任，而成功与否并不全部取决于女性，但她们所起的作用要远大于男性。真正的问题不在于男人与女人是不是平等，而在于是什么创造了幸福生活。我们是以什么为标准确定生活是富足的、令人向往的呢我常常问，为什么事业上的成功也常常被人们看成生活上同样是成功的呢作为一个女人，如果我在为人妻为人母方面做的很成功，而且对自己的工作也很满意，那么我认为我的存在就挺不错，并由此而感到知足。或许我们该把注意力从妇女身上移开，而去关注一下男人，男人们不能看着自己的孩子成长是很难过的。我敢说，很多丈夫若是有不太耗时的工作而能回家与孩子们玩耍，他们会更高兴。
Uncomfortably，Women's liberation seems to be a more work "rights"。Is a liberated professional woman happier than a very contented mother If men like to work, and women are willing to help them share the pressure at home，is there anything to be blamed I don't think that "equality" is threatened, it’s only the rational division of labor. I believe that it is women’s responsibility to create a harmonious family , and does not all depend on women whether success or not, but they play a far
greater role than men. It is not the real problem whether men and women are equal, but is what create a happy life. By what standard, can we determine that life is rich and desirable
I often ask, why the success of career is always regarded as the same in life As a woman, if I am a successful wife and a successful mother, and very satisfied with my work, I will think that my existence is not bad, and will feel contented with it. Perhaps, we should give attention from women to men, men will be very sad if they can't see their children grow up.
I dare say, many husbands will be more pleased, if they have less time-consuming work and can go home to play with their children.
P181 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.
B.1-5 TFFTT 6-9 TFTT
UNIT NINE Animal Emotions
P193 Comprehension Check
1-5 DADCC 6-10 BBACD
P195 Vocabulary Study
I 1. parlance 2. stringent 3. ascribed 4. symposium 5. copious
6. aversion to
7. warrant
8. manipulated
9. garnered
10.lingered
II 1. hormones 2. predators 3.elated 4. elicited 5. entail 6. anecdotes 7. controversial 8. legitimize 9. wake 10.dejectedly III Translation
Mounting evidence shows that animals also have emotions. Because feelings are intangible and tough to study scientifically, it is hard for scientists to bear out the possiblity of complex animal feelings that entail mental processing. But some scientists believe there are similarities in the brain anatomy and chemistry of humans and animals. For example, scientists studying the biology of emotions have found that emotions seem to arise from parts of the brain located below the cortex, the regions that have been conserved across many species throughout evolution; behavioral neuroscientists have found in the experiments that rats’ brains release copious amounts of dopamine associated with pleasure and exitement. All these show that some creatures have true
feelings at least.
P200 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 TTTTF 6-10 FTFFT
B.1-5 TFFTT 6-10 FFTFT
UNIT TEN Is Science Dangerous?
P214 Comprehension Check
1-5 BBDAC 6-10 BCADB
P216 Vocabulary Study
I 1.standing by 2. conjured up 3. cherishes 4. stick to 5. shoulder 6. siblings 7. came by 8. dressing up 9.tyranny 10. come into play
II 1. reverberates 2. appropriate 3. dispassionately 4. emphatically 5. rationed 6. enlightened 7. proscribed 8. blameworthy 9. confidentiality 10. implication
III Translation
P222 Key to Supplementary Readings
A.1-5 TTFFT 6-10 TFTTT
B. 1-5 TFFFT 6-10 TFFFT
考研英语阅读真题及答案 英语阅读关于考研的在历年的真题中，有不少的精华等着大家去发掘。下面是给大家整理的考研英语阅读真题及答案，供大家参阅! 1991年考研英语阅读真题及答案解析Section II Reading Comprehension Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points) Text 1 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. Accountability isn t hard to define. It means that every
Lesson 2 The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story time in the comforting arms of a parent.（关于格林兄弟的故事可以唤起父母在安慰的怀抱中对故事时间的温暖回忆。） A.recall B. create C. release D. collect 1.One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.（成功旅行的秘诀之一就是总是把逆境变成你的优势。） A.unfamiliarity B. exploration C. pleasure D.difficulties. 2.The claws of bears may be used to climb trees , rip open nests and beehives, or catch prey.（熊的爪子可以用来爬树，撕开巢蜂房，或捕捉猎物。） A.clear B. tear C. throw D. dig 3.The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.分析人员正在剖析侵入他们电脑系统的入侵和其他攻击。 A.intercepting B. fighting C. analyzing D. discussing 4.He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone. 他整天呆在房间里，戴着耳机以免打扰任何人。 A.unless B. when C. so that D. in case 5.As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.随着失业线的延长和工厂的关闭，人们谈论着天启？。 A.emergency B. uncertainty C. disaster D. reduction 6.The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.（医院的气味是如此的无情，以至于她常常会把白花的云彩带到她的鼻子上） A.unexpected B. unique C. impressive D. terrible 7.Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous in a country where around half the population lives below the poverty line.7、批评家认为，在一个半数人口生活在贫困线以下的国家里，奢侈的公园本身是不协调的。 A.inappropriate B. creative C. unnecessary D. enjoyable 8.Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.许多人乐观地认为，这一消息将安抚市场，但它似乎起了相反的作用。 A.push B. mislead C. calm D. discourage 9. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the face of adversity without getting upset.一个坚忍的人在面对逆境时往往表现出令人钦佩的耐心和忍耐力，而不会感到不安 A.confident B. uncomplaining C. unconventional D. reliable ADBCD CDACB Lesson 4 1.During the lecture all the audience listened to China’s first astronaut with rapt admiration.演讲过程中，所有听众都听了中国第一位宇航员的讲话 A.obscure B. obvious C. obliged D. obsessed 2.Most of her colleagues didn’t like her because she was adept at the fine art of
UNIT ONE Party Politics P8 I Comprehension Check 1-5 DCDAB 6-10 DDCAB P10 Vocabulary Study I 1-5 CBADB 6-10 CDBCD II 1.etiquette 2.looped 3.unaccountable 4.told off 5. conspicuously 6. pesky 7.let loose 8.racy 9.murky 10.ticklish P11III Translation To invite eminent persons to help make advertisements should be regarded as one of the best advertising strategies and could, of course, produce a spectacular(powerful) VIP effect, privided that those celebrities are perfectly willing to accept the invitation and, more importantly, the products to be advertised are genuine and of fair prices. Sometimes, while a commodity is of inferior quality, the advertisement is full of words lavishing praise on it, if a celebrity shows up as an image agent for such a product, the advertisement could, if any, be temporarily successful before it turns the brand of the product in question notorious and, more disastrously, ruins the reputation of the eminent person thereafter. So, the famous are well advised to think more than twice before they agree to appear on the commercial. P13 Key to Supplementary Readings A.1-5 FFFTT 6-10 FTFTT B.1-5 FTFTF 6-10 FTFTF UNIT TWO The New Singles P29 I Comprehension Check 1-5 BDBDC 6-10 ACCAD P31 Vocabulary Study I 1.neo-realist 2.neo-Nazis 3.Neo-fascist 4.neocolonialism 5. neologisms 6.neo-Darwinist 7.neoclassical 8. neonates II 1.fostering 2.reaved 3.holy grail 4.mainstay 5.twenty-somethings 6.heterosexuals 7.mandatory 8.embracing 9.meditating 10.fusion P32III Translation Nowadays in the city’s tonier residential districts there are peple named as singles, who are usually young, rich and tech-savvy professionals and choose independently their own lifesyles. The number of singles has increased dramatically over the recent years. The reasons of remaining single are various:some may be busy exploring careers without putting their marriage into the agenda, some may indulge in their jobs, travel, entertainment, physical fitness or friendship, More than 80% of them have not abandoned the value of marriage, and they say they aspire to marry or they want to be married someday, but they are patient and feel content being single until they meet the right person. Key to Supplementary Readings (略) UNIT THREE Doctor’s Dilemma:Treat or Let Die? P51 Comprehension Check 1-5 BCCBD 6-10 DCDAD P53 V ocabulary Study I 1.outstrip 2.limbo 3.ceased 4. in the wake of 5. paramount 6.ethical 7.prolonged 8. thorny
Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
2019年考研复习建议及用书推荐 一．公共课 1.数学 A．基础阶段 配备：高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计通用版教材，《张宇高数18讲》《张宇线性代数9讲》《张宇概率论与数理统计9讲》或李永乐复习全书。 Q：何为了解、理解或掌握教材内容？ A：考纲对知识点的要求程度不同，教材上的知识点繁多，而其中有的不考，有的要求了解、理解甚至掌握，这些知识点在真题中的表现就不同，特别是数一、二、三对于同一个知识点的要求也不尽相同。 Q：何为高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计通用版教材？ A：《高等数学》（同济大学数学系）、《线性代数》（同济大学数学系）、《概率论与数理统计》（浙江大学），以上为主流教材。 B．强化阶段（100-120分） 数学的强化阶段，可以理解为刷题阶段，目的是在实践中体会知识点的运用。刷题要以经典的题目为载体，才能充分锻炼和提高解题能力。 配备：《张宇考研数学题源探析经典1000题》《张宇考研数学真题大全解》。 Q：这么早（强化阶段）就要做真题吗？不应该放到最后做吗？ A：问这个问题之前，先问问自己，做真题是为了领悟命题思路还是仅仅为了练手。 C．冲刺阶段（120分以上） 在刷题量足够大的基础上，做到熟悉考纲的要求、悟透命题的思路，且希望考到120分以上。达到这个水平，才有资格谈冲刺，不然就乖乖地强化刷题，保证100-120分的水平。冲刺阶段即拔高训练阶段，题目的难度要高于真题，比如真题一道选择题涉及2个知识点，而拔高题就要同时涉及3-5个知识点。 配备：《考研数学命题人终极预测8套卷》（10月出版）以及《张宇考研数学最后四套卷》（11月出版）。 Q：为什么全部推荐张宇的？ A：谈这个问题，从两点。第一，是感性，在我使用其他材料几乎崩溃，要放弃考研时，是因为听了张宇的课才得以挽回，张宇是打通我任督二脉的良师；第二，是理性，张宇授课风格贴合年轻人，深得考生喜爱和欢迎，诙谐幽默的表达和古灵精怪的表情，比某些年纪稍高的老师在讲台上念讲义要强得多。他擅于先导式和启发式教学，听课会感到醍醐灌顶，不会在课后还留下一大堆待解的问题。 2.政治 A．基础阶段（10月考纲出炉前）
Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。
Unit 9 Animal Emotions Laura Tangley Sheer joy. Romantic love. The pain of mourning. Scientists say pets and wild creatures have feelings, too. 1. Swimming off the coast of Argentina, a female right whale singles out just one of the suitors that are hotly pursuing her. After mating, the two cetaceans linger side by side, stroking one another with their flippers and finally rolling together in what looks like an embrace. The whales then depart, flippers touching, and swim slowly side by side, diving and surfacing in perfect unison until they disappear from sight. 2.In Tanzania, primatologists studying chimpanzee behavior recorded the death of Flo, a troop’s 50-year-old matriarch. Throughout the following day, Flo’s son, Flint, sits beside his mother’s lifeless body, occasionally taking her hand and whimpering. Over the next few weeks, Flint grows increasingly listless, withdrawing from the troop —despite his siblings’ efforts to bring him back–and refusing food. Three weeks after Flo’s death, the formerly healthy young chimp is dead, too. 3.A grief-stricken chimpanzee? Leviathans in love? Most people, raised on Disney versions of sentient and passionate beasts, would say that these tales, both true, simply confirm their suspicions that animals can feel intense, humanlike emotions. For their part, the nation’s 61 million pet owners need no convincing at all that pet dogs and cats can feel angry, morose, elated—even jealous or embarrassed. Recent studies, in fields as distant as ethology and neurobiology, are supporting this popular belief. Other evidence is merely anecdotal, especially for pets — dogs that become depressed, or even die, after losing a beloved companion, for instance. But the anecdote —or case study in scientific parlance—has now achieved some respectability among researchers who study animal behavior. As University of Colorado biologist Marc Bekoff says, “The plural of anecdote is data.” 4.Still, the idea of animals feeling emotions remains controversial among many scientists. Researchers’ skepticism is fueled in part by their professional aversion to anthropomorphism, the very nonscientific tendency to attribute human qualities to non-humans. Many scientists also say that it is impossible to prove animals have emotions using standard scientific methods —repeatable observations that can be manipulated in
Unit 1 Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World? (2)Finding it difficult to adapt to the climate there (3)to have no access to the health service (4)an important role in prospering and developing (5)a depression in yield and a reduction in quality (6)could have made a good salary (7)We cannot estimate the value of modern science and technology too much. (8)The insurance company will recoup the farmers for the loss caused by the flood. (9)During the SARS outbreak, the lack of hygiene in poor countries had devastating consequences to all people of the world. (10)T his University Library is one of the largest Libraries in China, with a stack of over 2.3 million volumes. It supports the University’s research and teaching across a full range of subjects, and provides information about the Library’s collections and services in each subject area. (11)T he recession has hit middle-income and poor families hardest, widening the economic gap between the richest and poorest Americans as job layoffs ravaged household budgets. (12)C hina's government declared two strains of genetically modified rice safe to produce and consume, taking a major step toward endorsing the use of biotechnology in the staple food crop of billions of people in Asia. China is the world's top producer and consumer of rice, so its use of modified varieties has the potential to alter the grain's global supply patterns. China's officials have been less constrained by public pressure over the sometimes-controversial use of biotechnology in food than officials in other countries. The government has long supported research into agricultural biotechnology as part of a drive to ensure the nation remains self-sufficient in staple crops. IV. Cloze 1. species 2. predictable 3. unrelated 4. different 5. into 6. produce 7. seeing 8. also 9. obvious 10. inserted 11. nobody 12. approved 13. apparently 14. humans 15. risks Unit 2 The Biology of Skin Color: Black and White (2)He was not severely punished for his crime (3)advance our knowledge of the HIV virus. (4)when taken according to the instruction (5)to have no access to the health service (6)He has some vague ideas about what to do
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译 Unit1 Party Politics Judith Martin 1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment. 2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren?t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody?s feelings need be considered. 3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity. 4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely. 5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long. 6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules. 7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise. 8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette?s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time. 9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and starts