划分句子成分练习题（1）
1.They are working on the farm now.
2.Seeing is believing
3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much
4.She became a doctor in 1998
5.The book lying on the floor are mine
6.Suddenly it begins to rain
7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday
8.I always find her happy
9.He wonders If I still study English
10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine
11.We always work hard at English.
12.He said he didn't come.
13.They love each other.
14.What did you bye?
15.She watched her daughter playing the piano.
16.your job today is to help the old.
17.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.
19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.
20.It takes me an hour to get there.
答案：
1They(主语）are working（系表结构做谓语）on the farm（地点状语）now（时间状语）.
2.Seeing（动词ing做主语）is（谓语）believing （宾语）
3.All of us（主语）like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语）
4.She（主语）became（谓语）a doctor （宾语）in 1998 （时间状语）
5.The book（主语）lying on the floor（补语）are（谓语）mine （宾语）
6.Suddenly （状语）it（形式主语）began to rain （谓语）
7.To catch the train ,（目的状语）I（主语）got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语）
8.I（主语）always find（谓语）her （宾语）happy （状语）
9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语）English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.The letter（主语）which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句）was（谓语）a friend of mine （宾语）1.We always work hard at English。
——————————————
主语状语谓语状语状语
2. He said he didn't come.
———————————————
主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语
3.They love each other.
——————————
主谓语宾语
4.What did you bye?
————————
宾助动词主谓
5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.
—————————————————————
主谓宾宾语补足语
6.your job today is to help the old.
——————- ——————————
主定语系动词表语
7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
————————————
主谓宾
8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.
—————————————————————————
时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语
9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of ———————————————————————————————
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语
their marriage.
————————
10.It takes me an hour to get there.
————————————————
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语
（一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
划分句子成分练习题(2)
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book
(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
A B C D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
A B C D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
A B C D
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
A B C D
正确效率整洁
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
A B C D
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
A B C D
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
A B C D
(四) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
A B C D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
A B C D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
A B C D
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D
② What is your given name?
A B C D
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
A B C D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
A B C D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
A B C D
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
A B C D
（六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B
C D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
A B C D
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
A B C D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
A B C D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
A B C D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
A B C D
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
A B C D
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
A B C D
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
A B C D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
A B C D
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
答案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C ⑥ C ⑦ D ⑧ C ⑨ A ⑩ A
(三) ① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤ B ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D ⑨ A ⑩ D
(四) ①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D
(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ C ⑤ D ⑥ B
(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D ⑦ C ⑧ D
(八) ① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语
④ Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
答案：
1They(主语）are working（系表结构做谓语）on the farm（地点状语）now（时间状语）.
2.Seeing（动词ing做主语）is（谓语）believing （宾语）
3.All of us（主语）like （谓语）Kobe Bryant （宾语）very much （程度副词状语）
4.She（主语）became（谓语）a doctor （宾语）in 1998 （时间状语）
5.The book（主语）lying on the floor（补语）are（谓语）mine （宾语）
6.Suddenly （状语）it（形式主语）began to rain （谓语）
7.To catch the train ,（目的状语）I（主语）got up （谓语）early yesterday （时间状语）
8.I（主语）always find（谓语）her （宾语）happy （状语）
9.He （主语）wonders （谓语）if I （条件句中的主语）still study（条件句中的谓语）English （条件句中的宾语）整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.The letter（主语）which I received the day before yesterday（定语从句）was（谓语）a friend of mine （宾语）1.We always work hard at English。
——————————————
主语状语谓语状语状语
2. He said he didn't come.
———————————————
主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语
3.They love each other.
——————————
主谓语宾语
4.What did you bye?
————————
宾助动词主谓
5.She watched her daughter playing the piano.
—————————————————————
主谓宾宾语补足语
6.your job today is to help the old.
——————- ——————————
主定语系动词表语
7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.
————————————
主谓宾
8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. —————————————————————————
时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语
9.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of ———————————————————————————————
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语
their marriage.
————————
10.It takes me an hour to get there.
————————————————
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语
答案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三)① D ② D ③ B ④ A ⑤D ⑥ C
(四)①D ②B ③D ④C ⑤B
(五) ① C ② C ③ A ④ B ⑤ B ⑥ D
(六) ① C ② C ③ C ④ D ⑤ B
(七) ① D ② A ③ D ④ D ⑤ A ⑥ D
(八) ① us, 间接宾语a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④
Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
句子成分分析—实例分析 多重复句分析例句分析(2) 11、 如果一个人说自己是共产主义者，同时又认为自己根本不需要知道其他任何事物，那他就根本不能成为共产主义者。 (//并列/假设) 12、 只要能充分利用这些水源，我们向沙漠进军不但有收复失地的把握，而且能在大沙漠里开辟出若干绿洲来。 (/条件//递进) 13、 竹叶烧了，还有竹枝;竹枝断了，还有竹鞭;竹鞭砍了，还有深埋在地下的竹根。 (//并列/并列//并列/并列//并列) 14、 他后来还托他的父亲带给我一包贝壳和几支很好看的鸟毛，我也曾送给他两次东西，但从此没有再见面。 (//并列/转折) 15、 如果要缩短工序，提高工作效率，应当主要抓烧开水这个环节，而不是抓拿茶叶等环节。 (//并列/假设//并列) 16、
让那些看不起民众，贱视民众，顽固倒退的人们去赞美那贵族化的楠木，去鄙视这极常见、极易生长的白杨树吧，我要高声赞美白杨树。 (//并/转) 17、 我对于玉皇大帝所做的事，腹诽的非常多，独于这一件却很满意，因为“水满金山”一案，的确应该由法海负责。 (/转折//因果) 18、 这橘红的朦胧的光实在照不了多远，但这小姑娘的勇敢、镇定、乐观的精神鼓舞了我，我似乎觉得眼前有无限光明。 (/转折//因果) 19、 如果出到十几文，那就能买一样荤菜，但这些顾客，多是短衣帮，大抵没有这样阔绰。 (//假设/转折//因果) 20、 他们凭空想了许多念头，滔滔不绝地说了许多空话，可是从来没有认真做过一件事。 (//并列/转折) 21、只要孔乙己到店，才可以笑几声，所以至今还记得。 (//条件/因果) 22、 里面当然没有白娘娘了，/然而，我心里仍然不舒服，//仍然希望他倒掉。 (/转折//转折) 23、
及结构的划分
句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1．什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分？ ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ ?定语（）状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子主体部分：主语和谓语（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分：定语和状语。
句子成分的划分（汉语） ?.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①．写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么” ?（主语）（谓语）（宾语） ?例：杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 ?例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样” 主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的 。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy 等。如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词 间接宾语前加“to”的有： give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。
11. We always work hard at English. 主语状语谓语状语状语 12. He said he didn't come. 主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语 13. They love each other. 主谓语宾语 14. What did you buy? 宾助动词主谓 15. She watched her daughter playing the piano. 主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 16. Your job today is to help the old. 主语定语系动词表语 17. Speaking doesn't mean doing. 主语谓语宾语 18. Bye the time I got to the station, the train had left. 时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语 19. The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语20. It takes me an hour to get there.
形式主语谓语宾语真正主语 划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D
划分句子成分练习 一、划分句子成分 1、鲁班‖是（我国古代）（春秋时期）（一位）（著名）的（建筑）工匠。 2（鲁班所处）的时代‖[距现在] [已经]好〈几千年了〉。 3、（那个时候））生产力‖[还十分]落后。 4、鲁班‖接受﹤了﹥(一项)(大)的(建筑工程)任务。 5、鲁班‖发现这种草叶的两边都长着锯齿状的刺。 6、鲁班‖[从中]得到启发。 7、鲁班‖[用锯齿状的竹片] [在一棵小树树干上] [来回]拉﹤了﹥﹤起来﹥。 8]，锯子‖[仍然]是(木匠们干活)的(主要)工具。 9、[后来]，鲁班‖[又陆续]发明﹤了﹥（木刨、钻、墨斗和曲尺等）（许多）（木匠）工具。 10、蔡伦‖出生﹤在一个贫苦的铁匠家里﹥。 11]，蔡伦‖[终于]发明﹤了﹥造纸术。 12、蔡伦‖[苦苦]地思考﹤改进）的方法。 13、[地球上] [几乎] [每时每刻] [都在]发生﹤着﹥地震。（存现句、非主谓句） 14、(全世界)的科学家们‖[都在] [努力]探索（地震灾害）的规律。 15、[当时]()灾害‖[十分]频繁。 16、[一天]，（的（那条龙嘴里）的铜球‖[忽然]落下。17．我‖[从此] [就]看见（许多）（陌生）的先生。 18．藤野先生‖[总是]挟着（一叠）（大大小小）的书。 19．干事‖]写广告。 20．这位客人‖[直勾勾]地打量﹤着﹥（主人）的脸。 21．托尔斯泰‖透出（一股）才气。 22．(一个)（陌生）人‖[把我紧紧]地抱﹤在怀中﹥。 23．我‖[默默]地站﹤﹥。 24．科学技术‖是（人类本性精神）的（最高）成就。 25．这‖是（）(别开生面)的场面。 26（老年）人‖[格外]兴奋、活跃。 27．（白色）的丝线‖拧成（细细）的绳子。 28．（这些）节日‖包含﹤着﹥（丰富）的（民俗）习惯。 29．(派出所)的警察们‖[寸步不离]地守卫﹤在洞口周围﹥。 20．(一位)()的记者‖[一声不响]地解了(系在自己腰里)的(那条结实)的(粗)绳子。 21．[许多原子能发电场] [源源不断]地运来(许多)(铅做)的(大)箱子。（存现句、非主谓句） 22、[在一天夜里]，他‖[被一阵尖叫声]惊醒﹤了﹥。 23、(纽约市)()的帝国大厦‖[今晚]熄灭﹤了﹥灯光。 24、（袁隆平视为生命）的（）田地，[在一个星期天的早晨]，[还是] [被 那些造反派]扫荡﹤一空﹥。 25、[在这样的年月里]，(我)家‖[通年] [没]吃过白米。 26、他‖[花了三十多年的时间]，[留意]观察(日、月以及各行星)的运动。 27)的祖国‖[给科学]开辟﹤了﹥(广阔)的前景。
句子成分分析 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语： 是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 如： The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语： 说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语： 是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) 【注意】 ①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) ②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如： I hope to see you again. ③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind（介意），practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)等。如： Do you mind my opening the window? ④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。 forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来) I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了) 4.定语： 用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
初中英语句子成分 一.句子的成分：句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分，即：主语、谓语、表语、 宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 句子的成分 次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等 (一)主语：主语是一个句子的主要成分，也是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等充当。 注意：在there be结构、疑问（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓 例如：Tom is a good boy. (名词) We often speak English in class. (代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语，真正的主语是不 定式) （二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”、Predicate “是什么”或“怎么样”，一般由动词或动词短语来充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下： 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。例如： I like apples. ( 动词) He practices running every morning. （动词短语） 2.复合谓语：（1）由（情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形）构成； 例如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
初中英语句子成份 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人将得到更多的救济金。 The deceased died of old age. 死者死于年老。 副词用作主语。如：Now is the time. 现在是时候了 从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine. 你无论什么时候准备好都行。 句子用作主语。如：”How do you do ?” is a greeting.“你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 .2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： 由单一动词作谓语：We are Chinese. / He has an English- Chinese dictionary. 情态动词加主要动词：We can play the piano. / You must see the doctor. 助动词加主要动词构成谓语：She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before. 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。3．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水（had a swim 代替了swam） (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（take a look 代替了look） (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。（gave a sigh 代替了sighed） (4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。（a good shake-up 代替了was shaken up thoroughly(充分，彻底的)） 3.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如： They are workers.(名词) Two and three is five.(数词) The story is very interesting.(形容词) M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词) She is at home.(介词短语) I feel terrible.(形容词)
——句子成分的分析 the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书) 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 那么经常作定语的有哪些呢主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。 现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。 1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 到此为止，我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完（只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语，没介绍，感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料），下面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1）是状语还是定语区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。例如； I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分on the desk 是作定语的还是作状语的呢显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
句子成分练习题( 一) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟） ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分，10分钟） ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
划分句子成分专题练习 1.They are working on the farm now. 2.Seeing is believing 3.All of us like Kobe Bryant very much 4.She became a doctor in 1998 5.The book lying on the floor are mine 6.Suddenly it begins to rain 7.To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday 8.I always find her happy 9.He wonders If I still study English 10.The letter which I received the day before yesterday was a friend of mine 11.We always work hard at English. 12.He said he didn't come. 13.They love each other. 14.What did you bye? 15.She watched her daughter playing the piano. 16.your job today is to help the old. 17.Speaking doesn't mean doing. 18.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left. 19.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage. 20.It takes me an hour to get there.
划分句子成分经典练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday tastes delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，___、___、___、___、___、 ___、____、____等，它们下面一般跟____词作表语。 练习2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree.2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语：sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs（adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的，能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写，结尾要有句号“.”，问号“？”或感叹号“！”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （S ubject）、谓语（P redicate）、表语（P redicative）、宾语（Object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
句子成分划分(口诀符号及方法) 划分句子的口诀： （1）句子成分要划对， （2）纵观全局找主谓。 （3）主前定状谓后补， （4）谓前只有状地位。 （5）“的”定“地”状“得”后补， （6）宾语只受谓支配。 划分句子成分 （一）知识要点 1. 什么是句子 句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句，要给它划分成分。 2.句子成分的名称及符号 名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ 定语（）状语 [ ] 补语 < > ①句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ②主语部分和谓语部分之间可用‖划开。 3．（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。 谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。 宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁”或“什么”一类问题。 句子一般有两种情况： 写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ①．写人 格式：“谁”＋“干什么” （主语）（谓语）（宾语） 例：杨亚‖写字 主谓宾 注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 主谓宾 ②．写物 格式：“什么事”或“什么物”＋“怎么样” （主语）（谓语、宾语） 例：猫‖捉鱼 主谓宾 例：一只小猫‖在盆边捉了一条大鱼 主谓宾 注意：“是”为典型的动词，一般是“谓语”。
划分句子成分练习题(2) (一) 指出下例句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast ⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my` book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 ① My brother hasn't done his homework. A B C D ② People all over the world speak English. A B C D ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. A B C D ④ How many new words did you learn last class? A B C D ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? A B C D ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. A B C D ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. A B C D ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. A B C ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. A B C D (四) 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. A B C D ⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D