初升高英语衔接知识第1讲
重、难点：
（一）认识初、高中英语的区别
即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：
1. 课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按版块划分，大体为“Warming up”（热身），即是针对本单元的话题提出的一些问题，以练习口语的形式做引子，便于进入本单元的主题，然后为“listening”（听力）和“speaking”（说），这两部分都是旨在进一步提高我们的听、说能力，难度较初中有较大的提高，请同学们做好准备。下个部分就是“Reading”了，高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，可以说在内容上是极大地丰富了。除此之外还会有稍短的阅读，写作等方面的练习，即“Integrating skills”（综合训练）当然书后的workbook也与初中不同，内容更为丰富，练习也更多。
2. 在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。
另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。
3. 在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。
4. 在课堂要求上的区别：大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的，而这种严格与小学又是不同的，所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来，在稍微宽松的环境中，对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现，而升入高中后又会有新的变化，对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的；如果你是不太自觉的学生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交给老师的作业，那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种，都要持之以恒，千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成绩，也没有理由沾沾自喜。
5. 在考试评估制度上的区别：这一区别可能是影响最大的一点，我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中这种不正常的考试制度，很多人认为英语不用下功夫学，反正最后背背答案就可过关，这样成绩不错，学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法，初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了，这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的，这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁，肯定会感到很难，很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有范围的，不能靠背答案过关，而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的，难度肯定不小，但同学们也不要害怕，只要认真努力，坚持不懈，做好充分迎接失败的心理准备，然后在每次经历中吸取经验，一点点地弥补自己的不足，肯定会取得很好的成绩。
（二）基础语法再回顾——句子结构
英语的句子结构组成是与汉语有着很大区别的，我们在学习的时候，很多同学受母语的影响太大，在英文写作时完全按照汉语的顺序将英文进行堆砌，这是因为我们对于英文句子的构成尚
未掌握或掌握得不熟练，没有形成英语语言习惯。规范的英文是由“主语+谓语+其他”。这种基本形式构成的，这种只有一套主、谓的句子叫做简单句，它有5种基本形式，即主+谓（vi.）；主+系+表；主+谓（vt.）+宾；主+谓+宾+宾补；主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。由此可见，要想用英文正确表述一个意思，写成一句话，必须要有的就是主语和可以充当谓语的动词，而且当这个动词为不及物动词时，其后不可加宾语，当它是及物动词
时，要根据要求和该词的用法在其后加上宾语或宾语及宾补或加上双宾语。当然在这5种形式中系表结构也是很常用，很重要的一种，而且系表动词常容易和实义动词相混，从而导致了一些病句的出现。综上所述，我们要想较好地掌握英文的句子结构必须弄清以下几点内容：
1. 可以充当谓语的几种形式：
既然谓语部分是构成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了举足轻重的作用，谓语部分可由以下几种构成方式：
（1）不及物动词可以单独充当谓语。
如：They arrived yesterday .
（2）及物动词要加上宾语之后才可构成完整的结构，另外，如果不及物动词后加上了一定的介词，那么介词后也要有宾语才能完整。
如：They reached Tianjin yesterday .
They arrived in Tianjin yesterday . 他们昨天到达了天津。
（3）系表结构可以构成谓语。
如：She is a student . 她是个学生。He felt very happy . 他感到很高兴。
（4）情态动词要加上动词原形后才可构成完整的谓语部分。
如：We should protect our environment . 我们应该保护环境。
那么，动词的哪些形式可构成谓语呢？
①行为动词的原形：do
②行为动词的第三人称单数：does
③行为动词的过去式：did
④be+行为动词-ing形式：be doing
⑤be+行为动词的过去分词：be done
⑥will+行为动词原词：will do
⑦have / has / had+行为动词过去分词：have / has / had done
⑧系表动词+表语
2. 系表动词与行为动词的区别：
系表动词是表示状态变化等的动词，它包括be动词及一些可充当系表动词的实义动词，其中后者在充当系表动词时含义与充分行为动词时是不同的。系表动词后面接的是表语，而可以充当表语的是一些可以表示状态、特征、特性等内容的词或结构，如形容词、名词、介词短语一些副词、从句等等。这里我们尤其要注意的就是可充当表语的一些副词指的是可以表征状态特点的副词，如：
Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“结束了，完了”的这种状态。而很多副词并没有这种功能，自然也就不可以充当表语，如happy和happily，前者为形容词可表示主语的状态，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修饰动作，而非表示状态，因而，前者可作表语，后者则不可充当表语。
行为动词则是指描述具体或抽象行为、动作的动词，它可分为及物动词和不及物动词两种，如果想修饰这样的动词，则需要像happily这样的副词或是有相似的功能的词或结构。
如：She went home happily . 她高兴地回家了。
He did it with great difficulty . 我费了很大劲才完成了这件事。
3. 要掌握准动词的性质、用法及搭配：
在学习动词时，尤其是重点动词，我们一定要知道它是哪种动词，及物？不及物？可否充当系表动词？有的动词性质较多，可能同时具有多种性质，这就需要我们注意它在何时可充当哪种动词。另外，对于动词的用法我们也要掌握，如每个动词后可带或常带什么结构，它有哪些习惯搭配，可构成什么词组等。
4. 在写简单句时的方法：
我们要注意简单句的顺序一般应为主、谓、宾，而一些状语如时间、地点方式等等状语则要放到主要结构后面出现。当然，有时为了强调或语言的表达需要，状语的位置会有所变化，但我们在写句子时一定
要把握好以上原则，而不能按照汉语去逐个翻译。如“我们骑车去上学。”这个句子如果按照汉语习惯很可能会写成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能还会写出类似这样的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等错误的句子。但如果我们按照英文习惯来写就不会出现以上错误了，主语We+谓语go to school+状语by bike也就是We go to school by bike .
【模拟试题】词语辨析（一）
1. —Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ? —Yes , it really beautiful .
A. feels
B. sounds
C. listens
D. hears
2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time .
A. finds
B. makes
C. feels
D. takes
3. —Oh , you painted the walls yourself ? —Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didn'tmuch .
A. want
B. cost
C. spend
D. pay
4. Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck .
A. taught
B. caught
C. bought
D. brought
5. They will Guangzhou tonight .
A. arrive
B. get
C. reach
D. go
6. —Do you still have a headache , Billy ? —No , it's . I'm all right now , mum .
A. dropped
B. run
C. left
D. gone
7. It will about half an hour to get to the park by bus .
A. spend
B. cost
C. want
D. take
8. I didn't quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ?
A. catch , speak
B. hear , talk
C. follow , explain
D. listen , say
9. —will you finish your homework ? —In half an hour .
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. What time
10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it .
A. join
B. join in
C. take part
D. attend
11. It's going to rain . We'd better our things , so that they will not get wet .
A. put up
B. put down
C. put away
D. put in
12. —Where can we get a football ? —Let's .
A. lend Jim one
B. lend one to Jim
C. borrow one from Jim
D. borrow one of Jim
13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher .
A. came true
B. come true
C. came real
D. come real
14. It's that some foreign students will come to our school next week .
A. sure
B. right
C. real
D. true
15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan .
A. at the end
B. in the end
C. by the end
D. to the end
16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination .
A. please
B. pleasing
C. pleased
D. pleasant
17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting .
A. live
B. lively
C. living
D. alive
18. —When is he going to leave ? —next week .
A. Sometime
B. Some time
C. Sometimes
D. Some times
19. What words can you talk about the picture ?
D. look up C. look for B. use to A. used to
20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .
A. turn it over
B. turn it on
C. turn it back
D. turn it down
21. —Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ?
—I don't think so . Now the young the old can speak some English .
A. either , or
B. not only , but also
C. neither , nor
D. both , or
22. —Look ! The bus is coming .
—But there are too many people . We can't it .
A. get off
B. get down
C. get on
D. get up
23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her .
A. looked over
B. looked after
C. looked for
D. looked out
24. —Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ? —, please .
A. Call on
B. Go on
C. Hold on
D. Carry on
词语辨析（二）
1. Don't the road when the light is red .
A. across
B. cross
C. pass
D. past
2. I'm thirsty . Please me something to drink .
A. take
B. bring
C. carry
D. show
3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day .
A. like
B. love
C. want
D. think
4. This digital camera is so expensive that I can't it .
A. carry
B. use
C. pay
D. afford
5. I'm not tall enough to the book on the top of the shelf .
A. feel
B. take
C. arrive
D. reach
6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us ?
A. follow
B. share
C. join
D. enjoy
7. I you a pleasant journey .
A. wish
B. hope
C. expect
D. want
8. What would you like to us about your hometown ?
A. speak
B. talk
C. tell
D. say
9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong .
A. speak
B. talk
C. tell
D. say
10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?
A. heard about
B. hear from
C. heard of
D. hear to
11. This is very difficult . I can't work it out .
A. math
B. physics
C. question
D. problem
12. The young lady over there our new English teacher .
A. may
B. maybe
C. may be
D. can be
13. We should keep in the reading-room .
A. quiet
B. quietly
C. quite
D. quickly
14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but she nothing .
A. looked , saw
B. saw , saw
C. watched , looked
D. looked , find
15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio .
A. turn on
B. put down
C. turn down
D. put on
16. It's not polite to others when they are in trouble .
A. get on well with
B. play games with
C. laugh at
D. wait for
17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him .
A. went over
B. fell behind
C. put off
D. dropped off
18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian .
A. clean up
B. look up
C. pick up
D. open up
19. —Can I use the expression in the text ? —No . It has . Nobody uses it today .
A. given up
B. broken down
C. gone out
D. got off
20. I don't know Sam's telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?
A. look up it
B. look it up
C. look for it
D. look at it
21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly .
A. went on
B. went over
C. went down
D. went out
22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes .
A. look for
B. make sure
C. find out
D. think about
23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home .
A. look at
B. take out
C. look for
D. take care of
24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .
A. get in
B. get on
C. get back
D. get to
词语辨析（三）
1. Let's him a message to meet us at the station .
A. take
B. get
C. leave
D. receive
2. Never forget to “Excuse me ”when you trouble somebody .
A. say
B. speak
C. tell
D. talk
3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 .
A. had
B. went
C. fought
D. lasted
4. The girl's team us in the football match .
A. beat
B. knock
C. hit
D. won
5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said .
A. touch
B. catch
C. hear
D. find
6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone .
A. learn
B. hear
C. see
D. understand
7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers .
A. carry
B. take
C. accept
D. keep
8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people .
A. keep
B. have
C. hold
D. fill
9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school .
A. fast
B. quick
C. rapid
D. soon
10. Many people were burnt to in the fire .
A. die
B. dead
C. death
D. dying
11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .
A. family
B. house
C. home
D. room
12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into .
A. space
B. sky
C. heaven
D. universe
13. Tom's ill in hospital and his mother is him .
D. looking after C. looking at B. looking over A. looking for
14. China another spaceship , “Shenzhou III ”into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China .
A. put up
B. put off
C. sent up
D. sent away
15. The students in our class very well with each other .
A. get in
B. get up
C. get on
D. get to
16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table .
A. ate up
B. looked up
C. took up
D. ate out
17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me ?
A. pick it up
B. pick up it
C. pick up them
D. pick them up
18. You may and then decide if you'll buy it .
A. try on it
B. try out it
C. try it on
D. try it out
19. —What's wrong with your aunt , Bill ? —She's very ill . A doctor must be .
A. sent back
B. sent up
C. sent away
D. sent for
20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education .
A. set up
B. set out
C. put down
D. put on
21. “Get a ladder , please . I can't . ”Jim said in a tall tree .
A. come back
B. come out
C. come down
D. come over
22. —Did Jack come for the meeting last night ?
—No . He was so tired that he soon in his room .
A. fell behind
B. fell off
C. fell asleep
D. fell over
23. If you don't know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .
A. look up
B. look down
C. look over
D. look out
24. Please the TV . I'd like to see the TV play .
A. turn up
B. turn on
C. turn down
D. turn off
词语辨析（四）
1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others .
A. noise
B. noisy
C. voice
D. sound
2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us .
A. smile
B. smiling
C. laugh
D. laughing
3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him .
A. have to
B. must
C. don't have to
D. mustn't
4. I'm sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School .
A. win
B. beat
C. lose
D. fail
5. It took her afternoon to check out information .
A. the whole , the all
B. the whole , all the
C. whole , all the
D. whole the , the all
6. Could you please help me the children ?
A. wear
B. dress
C. put on
D. dress in
7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital .
A. is sent to
B. will be taken to
C. leaves
D. doesn't return
8. Jack , all the things on the desk .
A. puts away
B. put away
C. puts on
D. took away
9. , young man ! If you're late for work again , you'll lose your job .
A. Watch your step
B. Take it easy
C. Use your head
D. Have a look
m going to school now . Bye , Mum .
'I —10.
—Wait ! It's cold outside . your coat , please .
A. Put on
B. Take off
C. Put up
D. Take down
11. —Mr. Black , some boys are going to fight . —You'd better the police .
A. send for
B. send to
C. look for
D. look over
12. He has for three or four days .
A. got a headache
B. fallen ill
C. caught a cold
D. had a cold
13. The farmers are all busy the next year .
A. get ready for
B. got ready for
C. getting ready for
D. gets ready for
14. The students will the hole the earth .
A. fill , with
B. full , to
C. fill , to
D. full , by
15. Jim Kate broke the mirror . The cat did .
A. Both , and
B. Either , or
C. Neither , nor
D. Not , but
16. —When is the plane to Shanghai going to take off ?
—. Please get ready as soon as possible .
A. For a moment
B. Just a moment
C. In a moment
D. A moment ago
17. —Why are you in such a hurry ?
—I was told that my mother had been sent to the hospital . I have to leave .
A. before long
B. right now
C. from now on
D. all the time
18. When the headmaster came into the hall , all the students to welcome him .
A. sat down
B. went out
C. stood up
D. turned back
19. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another . She didn't want them to in the park .
A. get wrong
B. get away
C. get lost
D. get ready
20. I have friends . They often come to see me .
A. a quite new
B. a few quite
C. quite a few
D. quite few
21. Uncle Wang is man that he always helps others .
A. such friend of
B. such a friendly
C. such friendly a
D. such a wonderful
22. Lucy said she hadn't heard music before .
A. such a beautiful piece of
B. a beautiful
C. so beautiful a
D. such a wonderful
23. After we them , we the last match .
A. beat , beat
B. won , beat
C. beat , won
D. win , won
24. Would you please speak slowly ? I can hardly you .
A. talk with
B. agree with
C. follow
D. hear of
【试题答案】词语辨析（一）
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. D
8. C
9. B 10. B
11. C 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C
词语辨析（二）
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. C
9. C 10. A
11. D 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. B 23. D 24. A
词语辨析（三）
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. B 10. C
20. A
19. D 18. C 17. A 16. A 15. C 14. C 13. D 12. A 11. C
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B
词语辨析（四）
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C 10. A
11. A 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. C
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. C
【试题分析】
词语辨析（一）
1. 选B。考查4个动词中可作表动词的一项，且可表示“听起来”，只有sounds符合。
2. 选B。可以接it做形式宾语的动词A、B、C三个均可，但A、C常用人做主语，且由句意思“互联网使得在短时间内获得很多新知识变得容易。”这样只有makes一项符合要求。
6. 选D。此句意为“头痛已经消失了。”所以gone是正确选项，它可表示某人或某物、某事消失，不存在了。
10. 选B。join后可以接组织等，表示长时间地加入，也可加某人，指短时间地加入；join in可以活动，比赛等；take part后加in才可加活动，比赛等，而attend较为正式，用于正式场合，如出席会议等。故选B。
词语辨析（三）
10. 选C。固定搭配be burnt to + n. 被烧成……，所以只有C为die的名词。
词语辨析（四）
6. 选B。考查与“穿”有关的动词区别，其中只有dress后可加某人，意为给“某人穿衣服”。
初升高英语衔接知识第2讲--------初中基础知识疏理（2）
重、难点
有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理：
1. 简单句：
（1）定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句，如：We learn
English . 我们学英语。（一个主语和一个谓语）
Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .
小张和小王都是北京人。（一个并列主语和一个谓语）
He once lived and worked here .
他曾经在这里居住和工作过。（一个主语和一个并列谓语）
My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening . 我父母早上七点上班，晚上八点回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语）
（2）分类：上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述；另外，根据句子的功能或使用目的，简单句可分四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
2. 并列句：
（1）定义：用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。
（2）并列句的构成：简单句+连接词+简单句
（3）连接并列句常用的连接词：and , but , or , so , not only …but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。
eg.
I help her and she helps me . 我帮她，她帮我。
He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。
我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。ll be late . 'We must hurry or we
This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .
这个姑娘工作认真，从不出差错。
Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday .
吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory .
理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他该受责备，就是我该受责备。
注意：连接词so除起连接并列句作用外，兼有结果意味；有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如：
He can swim , so can I . 他会游泳，我也会。（so代替swim）
Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air .
铁是一种物质，水和空气也是物质。（so在后一句中起表语作用）
3. 主从复合句
（1）定义：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体，从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。
（2）状语从句：状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。在初中阶段我们主要学习了以下几种状语从句：
①时间状语从句：常见引导词：when（当……时），as（一边……一边，当……时），while（在……过程中），before（在……以前），after（在……之后），since（自从……以来），till（until）（直到……，直到……才），as soon as（一……就……）等。
进入高中阶段之后，我们还会再见到另外一些常用的连接词。在由以上连接词或词组连接的主从
复合句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和从句谓语动词所表示的动作有时是同时发生、有时是先后发生。因此，在理解和运用带时间状语从句的主从复合句时，要根据连接词所表示的不同时间意义，特别注意主句和从句的谓语动词的时态。这是掌握时间状语从句的关键。
②原因状语从句：常由because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）等连接词引导。
eg.
He didn't hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio .
他没听见敲门声，因为他正在听收音机。
Since you are free today , you had better help me with my English .
既然你今天休息，你最好帮我学习英语。
As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip .
由于天气好，他们决定作一次短途旅行。
③地点状语从句：
常由where（在……地方），wherever（无论……在哪儿）等连接词引导。
如：
I'll go where work conditions are difficult . 我愿意到工作条件困难的地方去。
Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul .
无论你在哪里工作，你都应该全心全意为人民服务。
④条件状语从句：常由if（假如，如果），unless（除非）等连接词或连接词组引导。如：
If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along ?
如果明天我去长城，你会和我一起去吗？
He is sure to come unless he has some urgent work to do at home .
除非他家里有急事要办，不然他一定会来的。．
⑤比较或方式状语从句：常由as…as（像…一样），than（比），the…the（越……就越），
as（正如），as if（似乎，好象）等引导。如：
I know you better than she does . 我比她更了解你。
The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get . 你实践得越多，你得到的知识就越多。You should study English as hard as Mary does .
你应该像玛丽那样努力学习英语。
The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .
这位老人跑得很快，简单像个年轻人。（在以as if连接的从句中，谓语动词用过去式，系动词were可用于所有人称，表示虚拟语气，而不是真实情况。）
⑥目的状语从句：常由so（使得），that（以便），so that（为了，使得），
in order that（这样……就）等来引导。如：
They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time .
他们很早出发，以便及时赶到车站。
She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class . 她在课上认真记笔记，以便能在课下利用它们复习功课。
⑦结果状语从句：常由so（结果），so that（结果），so…that（such…that）（如此……以致……）等连接词引导。如：
Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人帮忙，结果工作及时完成。
He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in class .
他作业完成得很好，结果他的老师在班上表扬了他。
The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much .
这部电影这么有趣（以致于）我非常喜欢它。
It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it away . 这是一个很重的箱子，谁也搬不走。
⑧让步状语从句：常由though（although）（虽然……但……），even if（即使），however（不管怎样），whatever（无论什么），no matter how（who…）（不管多么……）（无论谁……）等连接词或连接词组引导。如：
He went to school , though he was ill . 虽然他病了，但还是去上学了。（注意：有（al）though的句子，就有“虽……但是”的含义，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet，still等。）
She carried on the job even if she had a bad cold . 即使她患了重感冒，她还是坚持工作。However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .
无论我怎么做，都算不出这道数学题来。
Whatever you say , I will not change my mind . 不论你怎么说，我都不会改变主意。
He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is .
不论天气多冷，他都坚持在冬天进行体育锻炼。
No matter who asks her for help , she is ready to help . 无论谁请她帮忙，她都愿意帮助。
（3）定语从句：
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who , whom , whose , which , that等。这些是我们在初中已学习过的，对于它们的用法已经在以前的讲解中多次提到过，主要掌握它们指代人还是物，在句中可以充当什么成分。
引导定语从句的关系副词有where , when , why等，这些是高中要学习的内容，在后面的讲解中我们会渗透其用法及定语从句其他内容。
（4）名词性从句：
在主从复合句中，从句可以起主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语作用在多数情况下，这四种句子成分．
由名词性词类充当，所以起这四种成分作用的从句统称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的关联词有：连接词that , whether , if；疑问代词who , what , which , whose；疑问副词when , where , how , why等。在这四种从句中，我们已学过的是宾语从句，其他三种在课文中偶尔出现过，只要求理解，宾语从句是必须掌握的内容，对于它的三要素也已多次复习过，请同学们认真学习并将有关练习题做好，为今后学习其他三种名词性从句打好基础。
【模拟试题】主从复合句（一）
宾语从句：
1. She said she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk .
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
2. Could you tell me ? I'm his old friend .
A. where does Jim live
B. when will Jim come back
C. where Jim has gone
D. how is Jim
3. I'm sorry I can't decide to do .
A. what
B. how
C. when
D. where
4. I want to know Mother has put the presents round the Christmas tree .
A. when
B. where
C. whether
D. that
5. He hasn't decide .
A. if he'll go on a trip to Hainan
B. when will he go on a trip to Hainan
C. if he goes on a trip to Hainan
D. when does he go on a trip to Hainan
6. Do you know the population of Shenyang ?
A. what is
B. how much is
C. what are
D. how many are
7. I don't know when . When he , I'll let you know .
A. will he come , will come
B. he will come , comes
C. he comes , will come
D. does he come , comes
8. Do you know if back next week ? If he back , please let me know .
A. he comes , will come
B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes
D. will he come , will come
9. —Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ?
—I think they will come if they free .
A. come , are
B. will come , will be
C. will come , are
D. come , will be
10. —Do you know ? I'm going to see him . —Sorry , I don't know .
A. where does Mr. Li live
B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives
D. where Mr. Li lived
11. Could you tell me ?
A. when shall we start
B. who are you waiting for
C. where the bus station is
D. why were you late
12. —What did your son say in the letter ?
—He told me that he the Disney World the next day .
A. will visit
B. has visited
C. is going to visit
D. would visit
13. You must remember .
A. what your teacher said
B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what
D. what has your teacher said
14. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book .
D. if
C. what B. how A. that
15. —Excuse me . Could you tell me get to the plane ?
—Certainly . Go straight along here .
A. how can we
B. how we can
C. when can we
D. when we can
16. —Be careful ! Don't break the bottles . Do you hear I said , David ?
—Yes , mum .
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. if
17. —Do you know ? —He's Tom's father .
A. who is he
B. what he is
C. what's he
D. who he is
18. I'd like to know .
A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education
C. that he has been busy
D. whether she will join in our English Evening
19. The students are studying hard , for they know .
A. what are they studying for
B. what are they studying
C. what they are studying for
D. why they are studying for
20. Will you please tell me ?
A. where Pudong Airport is
B. how far Pudong Airport was
C. how can we get to Pudong Airport
D. when was Pudong Airport built
21. —Where does he come from ? —Pardon ? —I asked where .
A. did he come from
B. he came from
C. he comes from
D. does he come from
22. Do you think an English film tomorrow night ?
A. is there
B. there is going to have
C. there is going to be
D. will there be
23. He told me a new bridge in his village the next year .
A. built
B. will build
C. will be built
D. would be built
24. She said she hoped her soon .
A. him to see
B. he would see
C. him seeing
D. he is seeing
主从复合句（二）
状语从句：
1. The mountain was steep few people in our city reached the top .
A. so , as
B. so , that
C. as , as
D. too , to
2. Time passed quickly and three months went by we knew it .
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. till
3. —What are you going to do in the future ? —I'd like to be a doctor you are .
A. so
B. as
C. what
D. when
4. He wait until the rain .
A. won't , will stop
B. won't , stop
C. will , stops
D. will , will stop
5. Although I the truck for half a year , it still looks new .
A. have bought
B. bought
C. have had
D. had
6. —Is David at school today ? —No . He is at home he has a bad cold .
A. because
B. if
C. though
D. until
7. We'll climb Qianling Hills if it next Sunday .
A. won't rain
B. rain
C. rainy
D. doesn't rain
8. Jim has been in the factory for two years he left school .
A. when
B. since
C. as soon as
D. whether
9. he's very young , he knows several languages .
A. Though , but
B. Because , so
C. Though , /
D. Because , /
10. I was cleaning my room Tom called me .
A. when
B. until
C. while
D. if
11. We will visit the Great Wall it doesn't rain tomorrow .
A. until
B. before
C. as
D. if
12. I was reading a newspaper he came in .
A. as soon as
B. since
C. while
D. when
13. The little boy ate a big meal he said he wasn't hungry .
A. if
B. though
C. because
D. as
14. You'd better do it your mother did .
A. when
B. as
C. like
D. because
15. Wang Lin will come to see you he reaches this city .
A. before
B. since
C. while
D. as soon as
16. all the passengers are here . Why don't we start at once .
A. As soon as
B. After
C. Now that
D. When
17. I'll come to see you I'm free next Sunday .
A. until
B. after
C. if
D. before
18. I went to bed at ten I did my homework .
A. when
B. because
C. if
D. after
19. —Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .
—Yes . But if it , we'll visit the museum instead .
A. you have , will rain
B. you will have , will rain
C. you will have , rains
D. will you have , rains
20. I don't go to bed I finish my homework .
A. until
B. when
C. after
D. since
21. I don't know if it tomorrow . If it , I will not go finish .
A. rains , rains
B. rains , will rain
C. will rain , rains
D. will rain , will rain
22. They were doing maths exercises I left .
A. before
B. until
C. when
D. as soon as
23. Mr. Green doesn't climb down the chimney until the children .
A. fall asleep
B. were asleep
C. go to bed
D. are sleeping
24. I'll catch up with Lucy before she the finishing line .
A. reach
B. is reaching
C. reaches
D. will reach
主从复合句（三）
定语从句：
1. The picture has a house and flowers is the one I like best .
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. whose
2. This is the man last night .
A. whom I saw him
B. whom I saw
D. who I saw him
C. which I saw
3. Do you know the man spoke just now ?
A. which
B. what
C. who
D. whom
4. The result of the experiment was very good , we hadn't expected（预料）.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. it
5. A child parents are dead is called an orphan .
A. which
B. his
C. whose
D. with
6. I will never forget the day we spent together last week .
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. A, B and C
7. This is the very boy I have been looking for .
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
8. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
—Is that the reason you had a few days off ?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
9. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions were asked in French .
A. where
B. who
C. in which
D. which
10. The man teaches us Chinese is from Hunan .
A. that
B. whom
C. which
D. /
11. I don't like such a person often lies before your face .
A. what
B. that
C. as
D. which
12. The trees were planted last year grow well .
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. /
13. He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here .
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. they
14. The house the old man lives in was built in 1945 .
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. Both B and C
15. He is not the man he used to be .
A. that
B. whose
C. which
D. what
16. I lost the book my sister bought last week .
A. that
B. which
C. /
D. A, B and C
17. He is one of the students who praised by the teacher .
A. were
B. was
C. have
D. has
18. The village he lives is very beautiful .
A. in that
B. in whom
C. in which
D. that
19. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month .
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
20. Mary likes to eat food has chocolate in it .
A. that
B. it
C. those
D. this
21. He wrote to me and told me everything he saw on the way to Beijing .
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
22. Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks thousands of visitors every day .
A. which attracts
B. which attract
C. that attract
D. it attracts
23. Which of the following sentence is right ?
A. He lost the bike his uncle bought it for him .
B. I hate people that talk much but do little .
C. This is the most interesting film which I have ever seen it .
D. The man that you met him in the street is from Beijing .
24. Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week ?
A. what
B. that
C. where
D. when
【试题答案】（一）
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. A
17. D 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B
（二）
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C
17. C 18. D 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
（三）
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. D 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D
17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B
【试题分析】
主从复合句（一）宾语从句
7. 选择B。此题第一个空的when引导的是宾语从句，其时态因主句是一般现在时而要根据从句本身所要表示的情况确定时态，此句意思是“我不知道他什么时候要来”，应为将来时；而第二个空前的when引导的是时间状语从句，又表示的是还没发生的事，因此符合主将从现的时态要求，故从句用一般现在时，选择B。类似的题还有8和9。
15. 选择B。此题首先考查宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序，因而排除A、C。又因为回答“一直沿着这走，”所以选how引导的宾语从句。
主从复合句（二）状语从句
1. 选择B。此句意为“山太险太陡峭了以至于我们城市里几乎没有人能登上山顶。”因而选“so…that…”，“too…to”后面连接不定式构成简单句式，与题不符。
16. 选择C。此处的now that意为“既然”此句意为“既然所有的乘客都在这，我们为何不马上启程呢？”
主从复合句（三）定语从句
4. 选择C。此句主从句之间有逗号分开，且从句并非主句必要成份，属于非限制性定语从句，应由which来引导，不可用that。
8. 选择A。reason做先行词，其后定语从句又缺少原因状语，故用why这一关系副词。
第一章语音知识及实践演练 一．语音复习26个字母复习 任务导学 学习任务一：熟练掌握26个字母的规范大小写 【学生活动】写出26个英文字母的大小写。 学习任务二：掌握26个英文字母按读音归类 【学生活动】两人一组进行讨论完成配套练习。 【配套练习】 1. There is______old woman in _____empty room. 2. I think it is______intersting story 3. It is necessary for a parent to write______after-school note for their children. 4. There is ______“F”in the word“flowers”. 5. I can see_____man over there. 6. In three years, I want to go to_____university. 7.Yesterday I bought ___useful dictionary and saw _____European in the bookshop. 【归纳】单词前表“一”用“a”的字母: 单词前表“一”用“an”的字母: 拓展导练【综合练习】填空 1.There is ___________“f”and _______“r”in the word” letter”. 2.He is such _______honest boy that we all like him. 3.If you’ve grown up in______big family, you are more likely to develop_______ability to get on well with the others. 二．48个英语国际音标 任务导学
中学初高中数学衔接教材 目 录 引 入 乘法公式 第一讲 因式分解 1. 1 提取公因式 1. 2. 公式法（平方差，完全平方，立方和，立方差） 1. 3分组分解法 1. 4十字相乘法（重、难点） 1. 5关于x 的二次三项式ax2+bx+c(a≠0)的因式分解． 第二讲 函数与方程 一元二次方程 根的判别式 根与系数的关系（韦达定理） 2．2 二次函数 二次函数y ＝ax 2＋bx ＋c 的图象和性质 二次函数的三种表示方式 二次函数的简单应用 第三讲 三角形的“四心” 乘法公式 我们在初中已经学习过了下列一些乘法公式： （1）平方差公式 22()()a b a b a b +-=-； （2）完全平方公式 222()2a b a ab b ±=±+． 我们还可以通过证明得到下列一些乘法公式： （1）立方和公式 2233()()a b a ab b a b +-+=+； （2）立方差公式 2233()()a b a ab b a b -++=-； （3）三数和平方公式 2222()2()a b c a b c ab bc ac ++=+++++； （4）两数和立方公式 33223()33a b a a b ab b +=+++； （5）两数差立方公式 33223()33a b a a b ab b -=-+-． 对上面列出的五个公式，有兴趣的同学可以自己去证明． 例1 计算：22(1)(1)(1)(1)x x x x x x +--+++．
解法一：原式=2222(1)(1)x x x ??-+-?? =242(1)(1)x x x -++ =61x -． 解法二：原式=22(1)(1)(1)(1)x x x x x x +-+-++ =33(1)(1)x x +- =61x -． 例2 已知4a b c ++=，4ab bc ac ++=，求222a b c ++的值． 解： 2222()2()8a b c a b c ab bc ac ++=++-++=． 练 习 1．填空： （1） 221111()9423 a b b a -=+（ ）； （2）(4m + 22)164(m m =++ )； (3 ) 2222(2)4(a b c a b c +-=+++ )． 2．选择题： （1）若2 12 x mx k ++是一个完全平方式，则k 等于 （ ） （A ）2m （B ）214m （C ）213 m （D ）2116m （2）不论a ，b 为何实数，22248a b a b +--+的值 （ ） （A ）总是正数 （B ）总是负数 （C ）可以是零 （D ）可以是正数也可以是负数 第一讲 因式分解 因式分解的主要方法有：十字相乘法、提取公因式法、公式法、分组分解法， 另外还应了解求根法及待定系数法． 1．十字相乘法 例1 分解因式： （1）x 2－3x ＋2； （2）x 2＋4x －12； （3）22()x a b xy aby -++； （4）1xy x y -+-． 解：（1）如图1．1－1，将二次项x 2分解成图中的两个x 的积，再将常数项 2分解成－1与－2的乘积，而图中的对角线上的两个数乘积的和为－3x ，就是 x 2－3x ＋2中的一次项，所以，有
初中升高中衔接并不难 刚刚结束完中考的学生如今又该为新学期的到来忙碌了。初中升高中不仅是人生的一大转折，在学业上也有很大的变化。处在这一阶段的学生在学习进度、方法、习惯、心态等方面都要有一个逐渐适应的过程，如何做好初中升高中的衔接工作，成为当前一些学生和家长十分关注的问题。 昨日记者在采访时发现，许多家长为使孩子新学期尽快进入状态，除了为孩子准备学费、打点入学前的行装外，还为孩子选报预科班、找家教，有的家长甚至带孩子咨询心理医生，以期调整心态。 对此，市五中副校长李桂琴分析说，与初中相比，高中阶段学生所学知识的深度和广度发生变化，初中的知识相对浅显，重视知识的结果，而高中更重视知识内在联系和其形成过程，要求学生在理解记忆的基础上掌握知识的来龙去脉，对所学知识要融会贯通，对学生的抽象思维及逻辑思维都有较高的要求，所以，在从初中到高中的衔接工作中，提高学生自学能力和思维能力较为关键。 为此，李校长认为，高一新生应注重学习兴趣的培养，有明确的学习动机、目的和目标，要端正学习态度，逐步培养良好的学习习惯，对所学知识要进行系统复习，理清知识之间的内在联系。笔记、试卷、作业、小结要注意分类保存，尤其是对其中的重点、难点、易错点要反复思考和练习。对学习中遇到的问题不要轻易放过，要结合所学知识进行多方位、多角度思考和推敲。同时，学生在学习过程中必须保持不急不躁的平稳心态，按照学习计划稳步学习。其次，要正确对待学习成绩的起伏，不少初中成绩优秀的学生因为不适应高中的教学，找不到适合自己的学习方法而在学习上失去优势，从而一蹶不振，因此，学生应及时调整自己心态，不要盲目把自己定位在只能胜不能败上。同时，学生还应注意培养“临阵不乱”的良好心理素质。只要牢牢把握以上几个方面，就能很快适应高中生活。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/bc5100237.html,.c
非谓语动词跟踪练习 再战初中考点---夯实基础 1.(2018·江苏淮安）15. He explained again and again in order to make what he did ________. A. understand B. understood C. to understand D. understanding 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他反复解释，为的是让人理解他的所作所为。动词make后跟过去分词作宾语补足语，意为“使……被……”，宾语部分what he did和过去分词存在被动关系。 2. (2018. 贵州铜仁) —Listen! Who is singing in the next room? ——It must be Sally. I often hear her ________ there. A. singing B. sings C. to s ing D. sing 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——听，水正在隔壁唱歌？——一定是萨利。我经常听见她在哪里唱歌。hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事，强调经常做或是做某事的过程；hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在发生。 3.（2018·广西柳州）Look. Sam is doing some _____ in the library. A.to read B.reading C.read 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词组。句意：看，,Sam 正在图书馆读书。考查短语do some reading。 4. （2018·黑龙江绥化）Wo uld you mind ______ down the music? It’s too noisy. A. to turn B. turning C. turn 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词非谓语形式。句意：你介意关掉音乐吗？太吵了。考查短语mind doing sth。5．（2018·新疆阜康米泉）He often takes time_________ summer holiday with his grandparents. A. to spend B. spend C. spent D. spending 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他经常花时间和他的祖父母一起度过暑假。take time to do sth.“花费时间做某事”。to do表示目的。
WORD 格式整理 初升高衔接班英语摸底试卷2016.07 一、单项选择题（15 分） ( ) 1. In order to find___ better job, she planned to learn ___ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the ( ) 2. You don’t know ____ I want to see you again. It’s a year since I last saw you. A. how soon B. how long C. how often D. how much ( ) 3.—Your brother often disagrees with you, ______ he? — ___. We often have different ideas. A. does; Yes B. doesn ’t; Yes C. does; No doesn ’t; No ( ) 4.—__________ it be Xiao Wang? — No, it _________ be him. He has gone to Beijing. A. Must; can’t B. Can; may not C. May; mustn’t can ’t () 5. She was so angry at _______ he was doing _______ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. that; that what () 6. _______good time we have __________in Hong Kong! A. What a; played B. How; played C. What a; playing playing () 7. Daniel plays chess _________, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well () 8. _______ of them felt tired but quite happy after ________ sports meeting. A. Everyone; a two days B. no one; the two days C. Every one; the two-day D. None; a two-day () 9. These books______ well, and they will ______ soon. A. sell; sell out B. are sold; sell out C. sell; be sold out D. are sold; sold out ( )10. — I don ’ t know when Mr. White ______here.Would you please call — Sure. D. D.Can; D.what; D.How; D. so well as me when he _____. A. arrives, arrives B. will arrive, arrives C. arrives, will arrive D. will arrive, will arrive
步步高初高中衔接教材英语暑假作业： Unit3Homeandneighbourhood 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ 一、选用适当得单词或短语补全句子 Words About hometown有关家和生活的名词 environment 环境 climate 气候 atmosphere 大气 pollution 污染 overcrowding 过度拥挤 poverty 贫穷 sense of community 社区意识 congestion 堵塞，拥挤 traffic jams 交通堵塞 rush hour 上下班高峰期 bus route 公交路线 underground 地铁 subway 地铁 commute 来回往返 architecture 建筑 landloard 房东 resident 居民 residential area 居民区 housing estate 房地产；居民区 industrial zone 工业园区 suburbs 郊区 outskirts 市郊 inner city 市中心 heart of the city 市中心 neighbourhood 附近一带 从上面单词中选择合适的词填入空格：
1．The cost living in the n________________is fairly reasonable . 2．We need an effective strategy to fight p_________________. 3．The exceptional a_________________ of the settlement is visible, even today, on the remains of the structures. 4．The air quality is terrible because of the p_______________. 5．Like most places, we get t__________ j______________ in the rush hour. 6．Some people choose to live in the country and c______________in to work. 二、根据所给汉语意思完成句子 常用对话 M：We should go now. The time is too limited. W：7．(我非常赞同). M：The classic movie ‘Casablanca’ is very moving. W：8．(我也这样认为) M：Shall we have a chat after lunch? W：9．(好主意) W：Don’t you want to visit the U．S.? M：10．（我也是这么想的） 三、其他 判断下列句子的类型并理解be动词的用法(连系动词/助动词) 11．The boy is asleep.________式________ 12．The boy is sleeping.________式________ 13．The boy is playing the guitar.________式________ 14．He is playing happily.________式________ 15．His music is very beautiful.________式________ 判断这些句子的类型 16．She is a very good girl.____________式 17．They laughed.____________式 18．I bought a new bike.____________式 19．He gave a good book to me.____________式
初升高数学衔接班测试题 （满分：100分，时间：120分钟） 姓名___________ 成绩_____________________________ 一.选择题（每小题3分） 1. 若2x25x 2 0，贝卩.4x24x 1 2x 2 等于（） A.4x 5 B. 3 C. 3 D.5 4x 2. 已知关于x不等式2x2+ bx—c>0的解集为x|x 1或x 3｝，则关 于x的不等式bx2 cx 4 0的解集为（） A. x | x2或x -} B. x| x —或x 2} 22 C.{x| -x2} 1 D. x | 2 x } 22 3.化简12的结果为（) 2 1 3 1 A、■ 3.2 B 、 3 、2 C 、 2 2 3 D 、 3 2、2 4.若O v a v 1,则不等式（x—a）（x—丄）v0的解为（） a xl 1
C. x | x a 或 x 1 a ； D. x | x 1 或 x a a 5.方程 x 2—4 x +3=0的解是() =±1 或 x=± 3 =1 和 x=3 = —1 或 x= — 3 D. 无实数 根 6.已知(a b)2 7 ,(a b)2 3,则 a 2 b 2与ab 的值分别是( ) A. 4,1 B. 2, 3 C. 2 5,1 D. 10,2 2 7.已知y 2x 2的图像时抛物线，若抛物线不动，把 X 轴，Y 轴分别向 大值1； 大值. 上, 向右平移 2个单位，那么在新坐标系下抛物线的解析式是 A. y 2(x 2)2 B. 2(x 2)2 2 C. y 2(x 2)2 D. 2(x 2 2)2 2 8.已知 2x 2 3x 0，则函数f(x) x 2 A.有最小值4 但无最大值; B. 有最小值寸，有最 C.有最小值1 ，有最大值 19 ； D. 无最小值，也无最
初升高英语衔接语法汇总衔接内容 一、名词 1．名词的分类 2．名词的数 3．名词所有格 二、代词 1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法； 2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法； 3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法； 4 常见不定代词的一般用法； 5. 指示代词的一般用法 6. 疑问代词的基本用法。 三、冠词 1.不定冠词的用法 2 .定冠词的用法 3.不用冠词的情况 四、数词 1. 基数词 2. 序数词 3. 其他关于数的表示法 五、形容词和副词 1. 形容词 2. 副词 3. 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 六、动词时态 1.一般现在时的构成和用法 2. 一般过去时的构成和用法 3. 一般将来时的构成和用法 4. 过去将来时的构成和用法 5. 现在完成时的构成和用法 6. 过去完成时的构成和用法 7. 将来完成时的构成和用法 8. 现在进行时的构成和用法 9. 过去进行时的构成和用法 10. 现在完成进行时的构成和用法 七、动词语态 1. 被动语态的构成和用法 2. 被动语态使用中应注意的问题 八、非谓语动词 1. 不定式的用法 2. 动名词 3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词） 九、主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 2. 意义一致原则 3. 就近一致原则 十、情态动词 1.can, could, be able to 2.may, might 3.must, have to
4.should, ought to 5.need, dare 6.shall, will, would 7.其他情态动词的用法 十一、名词性从句 1.主语从句 2.表语从句 3.宾语从句 4.同位语从句 十二、定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 3.非限制性定语从句 十三、状语从句 1.时间状语从句 2.条件状语从句 3.地点状语从句 4.原因状语从句 5.目的和结果状语从句 6.让步状语从句 7.比较状语从句 8.方式状语从句 第1讲名词 名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念等的词。名词的可数与否、名词单复数形式的变化与谓语动词的一致、名词的修饰语、名词的辨析、固定搭配、名词作定语等是名词学习及测试的重点。 初高中衔接相关知识 在初中阶段对名词的考查主要表现在名词的单复数、名词所有格方面，其考查题型以单项选择、完形填空为主；而在高中阶段除了考查名词的单复数、名词所有格外，更注重考查名词在语境中所表达的含义，层次更深一些，主要出现在选择题中。 一、名词的分类
第一章语音知识及实践演练一．语音复习 26个字母复习 任务导学 学习任务一：熟练掌握26个字母的规范大小写 【学生活动】写出26个英文字母的大小写。 学习任务二：掌握26个英文字母按读音归类 【学生活动】1、朗读26个字母，完成下列表格。2、观察其规律，自我小结。 学习任务三：用“an” 或“a”填空。 【学生活动】两人一组进行讨论完成配套练习。 【配套练习】 1. There is______old woman in _____empty room. 2. I think it is______intersting story 3. It is necessary for a parent to write______after-school note for their children. 4. There is ______“F”in the word“flowers”. 5. I can see_____man over there. 6. In three years, I want to go to_____university. 7.Yesterday I bought ___useful dictionary and saw _____European in the bookshop. 【归纳】单词前表“一”用“a”的字母: 单词前表“一”用“an”的字母: 拓展导练【综合练习】填空 1.There is ___________“f”and _______“r”in the word” letter”. 2.He is such _______honest boy that we all like him. 3.If you’ve grown up in______big family, you are more likely to develop_______ability to get on well with the others. 二．48个英语国际音标 任务导学 学习任务一：掌握48个英语国际音标的正确书写和读音。
第一讲数与式 1、绝对值 （1）绝对值的代数意义：正数的绝对值是它的本身，负数的绝对值是它的相反数，零的绝对值仍是零．即 a,a0, | a | 0,a0, a, a0. （2）绝对值的几何意义：一个数的绝对值，是数轴上表示它的点到原点的距离． （3）两个数的差的绝对值的几何意义： a b 表示在数轴上，数 a 和数b之间的距离． 2、绝对值不等式的解法 （1）含有绝对值的不等式 ① f (x) a(a 0) ,去掉绝对值后，保留其等价性的不等式是 a f ( x) a 。 ② f (x) a(a 0) ,去掉绝对值后，保留其等价性的不等式是 f (x) a或 f ( x) a 。 ③ f (x) g ( x) f 2 ( x)g 2 (x) 。 （2）利用零点分段法解含多绝对值不等式： ①找到使多个绝对值等于零的点． ②分区间讨论，去掉绝对值而解不等式．一般地n 个零点把数轴分为n＋1段进行讨论． ③将分段求得解集，再求它们的并集． 例 1.求不等式3x 5 4 的解集 例 2. 求不等式2x 1 5的解集 例 3. 求不等式x 3 x 2 的解集 例 4. 求不等式 | x＋ 2| ＋ | x－ 1| ＞ 3 的解集．
例 5. 解不等式 | x－ 1| ＋ |2 －x| ＞ 3－x． 例 6. 已知关于x 的不等式| x－5|＋| x－3|＜ a 有解，求 a 的取值范围． 练习 解下列含有绝对值的不等式： （1）x 1 x 3 ＞4+x （2） | x+1|<| x－2| （3） | x－ 1|+|2 x+1|<4 （4）3x 2 7 (5)5x 7 8 3、因式分解 乘法公式 （ 1）平方差公式( a b)( a b)a2b2 （ 2）完全平方公式( a b) 2a22ab b2 （ 3）立方和公式( a b)(a2ab b2 )a3b3 （ 4）立方差公式( a b)(a2ab b2 )a3b3 （ 5）三数和平方公式( a b c)2a2b2c22(ab bc ac) 33223
一. 本周教学内容 初升高英语衔接班第2讲 初中基础知识疏理（2） 二. 重、难点 有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理： 1. 简单句： （1）定义：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句，如：We learn English . 我们学英语。（一个主语和一个谓语） Both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing . 小张和小王都是北京人。（一个并列主语和一个谓语） He once lived and worked here . 他曾经在这里居住和工作过。（一个主语和一个并列谓语） My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight in the evening . 我父母早上七点上班，晚上八点回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语） （2）分类：上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述；另外，根据句子的功能或使用目的，简单句可分四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。 2. 并列句： （1）定义：用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句。 （2）并列句的构成：简单句+连接词+简单句 （3）连接并列句常用的连接词：and , but , or , so , not only … but also , however , neither…nor , either…or , still等。 eg. I help her and she helps me . 我帮她，她帮我。 He is very old but he is in good health . 他年纪很大了，但他身体很好。 We must hurry or we’ll be late . 我们得赶快走，不然就晚了。 This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes . 这个姑娘工作认真，从不出差错。 Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday . 吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。 Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory . 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。 Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他该受责备，就是我该受责备。 注意：连接词so除起连接并列句作用外，兼有结果意味；有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如： He can swim , so can I . 他会游泳，我也会。（so代替swim） Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air . 铁是一种物质，水和空气也是物质。（so在后一句中起表语作用） 3. 主从复合句 （1）定义：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是句子的主体，从句可视作句子的一个成分。从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用。从句在全句中起什么作用，就叫什么从句。 （2）状语从句：状语从句在句中起状语作用，修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。
第一章?语音知识及实践演练 一.语音复习 26个字母复习 任务导学 学习任务一：熟练掌握26个字母的规范大小写 【学生活动】写出26个英文字母的大小写。 学习任务二:掌握2６个英文字母按读音归类 学习任务三：用“aｎ” 或“a”填空。 【学生活动】两人一组进行讨论完成配套练习。 【配套练习】 １. There ｉs__＿_＿_oｌd womaｎｉｎ _____eｍｐty ｒoom. ２. Ｉｔhink it is_＿__＿_interstinｇ story 3. It iｓneｃesｓary for a paｒenｔ to wｒite_＿____after-ｓchool notｅ for ｔheir ｃhiｌｄreｎ. 4. Thｅre ｉs _＿____“F”in ｔｈe wｏｒｄ“flｏwerｓ”． 5. I cａn see__＿__man over tｈere. 6. In thrｅe years, I wａｎt ｔｏ gｏ to_____ｕnivｅrsｉｔy． 7．Ｙesterday I bouｇht _＿＿useｆul ｄiｃtionarｙand saw ＿＿＿_＿Ｅuropean iｎ the ｂookｓhop. 【归纳】单词前表“一”用“a”的字母: 单词前表“一”用“an”的字母: 拓展导练【综合练习】填空
1.Thｅre ｉs __＿____＿__＿“f”ａnｄ _____＿_“r”in the word”ｌeｔter”. 2.He is suｃh __＿＿＿_＿honest boｙthａt ｗe all like ｈｉm. 3.Ｉf yｏu’vｅ gｒown up in___＿＿_big familｙ， yｏｕａre more liｋely to deveｌop______＿ａbilitｙｔo get ｏn weｌｌｗith ｔhe otｈers. 二．4８个英语国际音标 任务导学 学习任务一：掌握48个英语国际音标的正确书写和读音。 【学生活动】1、正确写出48个英语国际音标。2、反复练习４８个音标的读音。 学习任务二：拼读下列音标及单词。 各类音素的发音要领 1.元音： 单元音:单元音分三类——前元音、中元音、后元音 单元音又分长音和短音,加点的是长音,不加点的是短音。 前元音：/i：/ ／?/ ／e/ /?/ ／ i: /：he, streeｔ, mｅａt, receｉｖe，ｐeoｐle，ｋｅy，ｐoｌicｅ， tｈie ｆ /?/ :ｐaｌaｃe， deｓcribe， if, bｕsy， gyｍ ／ e / :aｎy， saiｄ，Ｆrｅｎch, heａｖy, frｉenｄ /?/ :ｂｌack ，gｌad 中元音:／з：/ ／? / /з：/：peｒsｏn ,learn， diｒtｙ，work ，turｎ / ? /: ａcrosｓ，ｃameｒa ，otheｒ,potaｔo，doctor 后元音:/ｕ/ ／u:/ /?/ / ?：/ ／?/ /ɑ:／ /u ／:coｏk, sｈould ，puｔ /u: / :ｌose ，zoｏ ,sｏup ，rｕle ,fruit /?/ :wａsh ，stop /?:/ ：waｌk ,ｗａｒm ,ａuｔumn ，ｄaughter ，saｗ，cｏrｎｅｒ,ｍｏr ｅ ,door ,bｏｕght ,your /?/ :money, young， summer /ɑ:/ :ｇｒａsｓ，half，ｍａrkｅt ，ａuｎt
初升高衔接班考试题 考生姓名___________ 考试得分___________ 一、选择题(每小题5分,共50分) 1.不等式31<+x 的解为(C) .A 2
10.已知z y x ,,为非零实数,代数式xyz xyz z z y y x x +++的值所组成的集合是,M 则下列 判断正确的是(D) .A M ?0 .B M ∈2 .C M ?-4 .D M ∈4 二、填空题(每小题5分,共25分) 11.若),0(012722≠=+-y y xy x 则 y x x +的值为(5 443或) 12.等腰ABC ?中AB BC ,8,=和AC 的长是关于x 的方程0102=+-m x x 的两根,则m 的值为(2516或) 13.对任意实数,x 都有012>++ax ax 恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围是(40<≤a ) 14.下列关系中正确的是(②) ①}{;0∈φ②}{;0≠ ?φ③}{}{;)1,0(1,0?④}{}{.),(),(a b b a = 15.函数2,1x x +中最大函数的最小值为(2 5 1-) 三、解答题(共75分) 16.(本小题满分12分)设,0,0=++≠c b a abc 求)11()11()11(b a c c a b c b a +++++的值 .(3-) 17.(本小题满分12分)解方程组.12 521???? ?=-=-++y x y x (???==315 y x ) 18.(本小题满分12分)设y x ,是关于m 的方程0622=++-a am m 的两个实根,求 22)1()1(-+-y x 的最小值.(8) 19.(本小题满分12分)已知集合}{,4,433,2-22-+-+=x x x x M 若,2M ∈求 .x (23或-) 20.(本小题满分13分)设三个实数a 、b 、c 满足,1,4 2-=++= c b a ac b 求b 的范围.
2016尤溪五中高一学生英语初高中衔接练习1 Ⅲ.完形填空。(10分) My 26 is Mary. I 27 eleven. Ted is my friend. 28 is thirteen. We 29 in the same school. My 30 is a teacher. She is a teacher in 31 school. My dad (爸爸) is a teacher, 32 . He is an 33 teacher in a college(大学). I have a cat(猫). Its (它的) name is Mimi. It 34 white and black. It’s a nice cat. We are good 35 . ( )26. A. sister B. friend C. book D. name ( )27. A. / B. is C. are D. am ( )28. A. I B. We C. He D. She ( )29. A. be B. is C. are D. am ( )30. A. dad B. mom C. teacher D. shirt ( )31. A. my B. us C. mine D. hers ( )32. A. also B. too C. and D. but ( )33. A. tall B. short C. strong D. English ( )34. A. am B. is C. has D. are ( )35. A. friend B. friends C. friend’s D. friends’ Ⅳ.阅读理解。(30分) (A) I am an English girl. My name is Mary. I’m twelve. My dad and mom are English teachers. I have a brother（哥哥）. His name is Tom and he is thirteen years old. We are in China now. We are in Beijing No. 4 Junior High School. Tom is in Class 4, Grade 7 and I am in Class 9, Grade 7. I have a dog. My dog looks strong. It has a big mouth and two big black ears. We have many(许多) Chinese friends here. They are good. 根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。 ( )36. Mary comes from the U.S.A. ( )37. Mary and Tom are in the same class, but they are in different grades. ( )38. Mary’s dog’s mouth and ears are big. ( )39. The dog’s ears are white. ( )40. Tom and Mary have many friends in China. (B) This is Jim. He is thirteen. He is from the U.S.A. He is a student. He has a good friend. His name is Jack. Jack is fifteen. He is from Australia. Jack is tall but Jim is short. They are in the same class, but they are in different grades. Jim is in Class Two. Jack is in Class Two, too. They go to school(上学) at seven in the morning and go home(回家) at six in the afternoon. ( )41. Jim and Jack are ____. A. sisters B. friend C. teacher and student D. from different countries(国家) ( )42. Jim and Jack are in ____. A. the same grade B. different grades C. the same color D. the same family(家庭) ( )43. Jack is in ____. A. Class 4 B. Class 3 C. Class 2 D. Class 1 ( )44. They go to school at ____ in the morning. A. 6:00 B. 7:00 C. 7:30 D. 8:00 ( )45. Jim is ____. A. short B. tall C. strong D. big (C) Bob is an English boy. His eyes are blue. Li Ming is a tall boy. His eyes are black. They are good friends. Bob’s hair is yellow and Li Ming’s hair is black. Li Ming’s mom is a Chinese teacher. Bob’s mom is an English teacher. She and Li Ming’s mom are in the same school. Bob’s dad is a doctor(医生). Bob and his dad look different. He looks like his mom. Bob’s family(家庭) are new in China. Li Ming’s dad and mom help them. They like their English friends. 根据短文内容, 回答下列问题。 46. What colors are Bob’s and Li Ming’s eyes?______________________________ 47. Is Bob’s and Li Ming’s hair’s color the same?______________________________ 48. Is Bob’s mom a Chinese teacher?______________________________ 49. Are Bob’s mom and Li Ming’s mom in different schools?______________________________ 50. Does Bob look like his father?______________________________