主谓一致
1．在一般现在时中，若主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词则要加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数。如：
He goes to school at 8 every morning. 不说：He go….
1)单数第三人称作主语的词包括：
单数人称代词：he, she, it
不定代词：each, everyone
人名：John, Bill Gates等。
普通单数名词：my brother, English等。
2）单数动词的变化有：be—is; have—has; 其他动词在词尾加-s或-es, 具体变化同名词的单数变复数，work—works, study--studies。
若主语是单数第一、第二人称或复数，则谓语动词永原形，不需要加-s或-es.
常见的这样的主语有：单数人称代词：I, you 复数人称代词：we, you, they 复数名词：students, books等。
2．在助动词或情态动词后面，直接接动词原型。
a. She can sing in English.
b. He goes to school early. / He doesn’t go to school early.
3．There be 句型的主谓一致。研究下列句子：
There is a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk.
There be 句型是一倒装结构，因此谓语动词的单复数要与be动词后面的名词一致。
4．“数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致
在上述数量词中，有些还可以接of 短语连用。具体用法如下：
5．单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系
一般来说,单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,这个符合英语中的语法上一致原则。但此种情况也有例外。现在详细归纳如下：
1）Many a +名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。
a.There is many an error that he has neglected.
b.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished that he or she had had a
better education. (Many men and women have….)
2)More than one+可数名词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。
a.There is more than one answer to this question.
b.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting.
与此类似的另一个结构：more+复数名词+than one, 谓语用复数。
a.More topics than one have been discussed at the meeting.
b.More persons than one were killed.
3) a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。
One or two+复数名词，谓语用复数。
a. A word or two is misused in the sentence.
b.One or two words are misused in the sentence.
4) 对于集体名词，如：party, crowd, class, team, family, crew, government,
committee, audience, public等，则要视情况而定：
a.若集体名词被看成一个整体，则用单数谓语。
b.若集体名词被看成是有具体若干成员组成的，则用复数谓语。
试比较：
The public is the best judge.
The public are requested to write down their names in this book.
He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.
A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.
There was a large audience in the great hall.
The audience were excited.
但集体名词：police, militia(民兵)，cattle, people等总是接复数动词，而mankind, humanity接单数动词。
Police in Guangdong Province are investigating an organized cheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province during national college entrance exams.
5) 定冠词the+adj. 或过去分词
（1）若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。（见a,b,c句）
（2）表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。（见d,e句）
（3）有时根据上下文来判断。（见f,g句）
a.The good in him overweight the bad. (抽象概念)他身上的优点比缺
点多。
b.The best is yet to come.
c.The beautiful is not always the same as the goo
d.
d.The blind are unfortunat
e.
e.The oppressed are to rise one day.
f.The deceased was his mother. (表示单个的人)
g.The deceased were ten farmers.
6. 复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系
这种情况下，谓语动词形式不能一概而论。不过一条原则是：
（1）若复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语；
（2）若复数形式的名词表示的是单数的概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语。
这么说来，在这种情况下，我们主要采用意义一致的原则来判断主谓一致。
1）常见的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants, trousers, scissors, scales（天平），glasses, binoculars(双筒望远镜)，spectacles, bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。
Where are my glasses?
2)形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。
Works(工厂)、gallows(绞刑架)、politics, statistics, measles, diabetes
a.Politics is often a popular topic among people.
b.Statistics is a science.
单若politics, statistics不表示学科，而分别表示“政治观点”，“统计数据”
时，则需要复数。
Statistics prove that….
What are your politics?
3)表示时间, 重量,数额的复数名词作主语，我们通常将它们看成一个整体，故谓语用单数。
a.The years is a moment in history.
b.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.
c.Two tons is enough.
d.The difference between America and England is, the English think 100 miles
is a long distance and Americans think 100 years is a long time.
值得注意的是,若“数词”单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。
a.Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severely wounded in
that accident.
b.Few know the fact.
4)复数的专有名词后面都接复数谓语动词：
a.The Great Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA and Canada.
不过特殊的有：the United Nations, the United States均看作一个整体，故用单数谓语动词。
7．并列主语与谓语动词形式的关系
1）由and连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。
a.The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our college tonight. (writer
和translator是指同一个人)
b.The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our college tonight.(此
处指两个人)
c.The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.（同一课）
d.The tenth and the last lesson are translated by him.(两个不同的课)
2）若and连接两个并列主语，且and后面的名词有相关的副词（not, perhaps, particularly, even, too, likewise, as well等）修饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词保持一致。因为此时句子的真正主语应是and前面的名词，此时and 与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。
a.The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing.
b.Tom, and not Jim, has gone there.
c.That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetary system was a
difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.
d.Jack, and perhaps Williams, has been ther
e.
e.Jack, and particularly his parents, is fond of this music.
3) 两个表示不同物质的名词，虽由and连接，但习惯上此两样东西常常被同
时使用，这时我们将二者看作是一整体，故谓语动词仍用单数。常见的这样的名词有：
a.Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.
b.Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people.
c.The fork and knife is hard for me to use
4) or连接的并列主语，动词形式与or最靠近的主语保持一致。
a.He or I am to go.
b.Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.
5) every…and(every)…
each…, and(each)…,
any…and(any)…,
no…and(no)…,
many a…and(many a)…连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词。
a.Every hour and every minute is important.
b.Every man, woman and child is an important being.
c.Every boy and girl has to have his hair neatly combed
d.Many a man and (many a) woman has wished he or she had had a better
education.
6) either…or…, not only…but also…, neither….nor…, 谓语动词单复数与or, but(also), nor后面的词一致。
a.Not only the students but also their teacher is required to attend the meeting.
b.Not only their teacher but also the students are required to attend the meeting.
7) 与第六点形成对照的是，“主语+with, together with, along with, as well as, as much as, including, in addition to, added to, except, besides, rather than,
accompanied by+另一主语”的结构中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持人称和数的一致。
a.Mary, along with her sisters, attends the sessions regularly.
b.The students as well as the teacher are required to attend the meeting.
c.I, as well as they, am ready to help you.
8. 在of 结构中谓语动词的单复数
这类情况较为复杂，且不总是那么具有规律性。基本可归纳如下：
1）像kind, type, sort, class, species, breed, variety, form, brand, make等表示类别的名词，总的规律是：句子谓语动词单复数与of前面的名词形式保持一致。
a.What kind of rice is served in that restaurant?
b.This kind of apple is sour.
c.The kind of apples is sour.
d.Apples of this kind are sour.
e.What kinds of rice are served in that restaurant?
2) A pair of +复数名词，看作整体，用单数谓语动词。
a. A pair of gloves/glasses is on the table.
但是：
b.Five pairs of gloves are on sale.
3)the+最高级+of+ n.复数+单数谓语…
The most elaborate of all bird nests is the large, doomed communal structure built by social weaverbirds.
4) A number of/An average of/A total of +名词复数，用复数动词，强调数量
the number/average/total of+名词复数,用单数动词,强调整体.
a. A total of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.
b.An average of ten thousand dollars a day are sent by this post office.
c.The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars.
d.The total of 10 thousand dollars donated last month was sent to the
flood-stricken areas.
5) A part of +单数名词---单数谓语
复数名词---复数谓语
与此类似的还有:the rest/remainder of, most of, plenty of, 分数(如two-thirds)+of, 百分数+of等等。它们的谓语动词数依of后名词而定，名词是单数，则谓语动词为复数；名词若是复数，谓语动词亦为复数。
a. A part of the apple is bad.
b. A part of the apples are bad.
c.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
d. A third of their composition has been corrected.
e. A third of their compositions have been corrected.
f.Three-fourth of the people are illiterate.
9.从句中的主谓一致问题
（名词从句，动名词短语或动词不定式短语作主语，用单数谓语动词）
1）主语从句或短语作主语，主句谓语用单数。
a.Children interfering in their parents’right to remarry has become a social
problem.
b.When I can complete it is still unclear.
c.What I said and did is of no concern to you.
2)定语从句中的主谓一致
请认真比较下列例句
a.One of those men likes to drive fast.
b.He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast.
c.He is one of those men who like to drive fast.
历年真题：
1.Mr. Well, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this
afternoon.(2004—51)
A. are to leave
B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D.
leave
2. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ doing to agree upon anything today. (2003—50)
A. neither you nor I are
B. neither you nor me is
C. neither you nor I am
D. neither me nor you are
就近原则，在neither…nor 结构中，谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
a) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. b）当either…or…与neither…nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3. The statistics ____ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006—62)
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving
D. prove
52. All the President's Men ______ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained
D. is remaining
42. _______ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.
A. None
B. Both
C. Neither
D. All
单项练习：
1.He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three
years.
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
2. She is one of the few girls who _____ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid
B. are well paid
C. is paying well
D. are paying well
3. A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered
B. has offered
C. are offered
D. have offered
4. Either you or the headmaster _____ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
5. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
6. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were, was
B. was, was
C. was, were
D. were, were
7. –Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.
---So do I.
A. hope
B. hopes
C. hoping
D. hoped
8. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
9. Every possible means _____ to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
A. is used
B. are used
C. has been used
D. have been used
10. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet.
A. are not decided
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
11. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided
B. are not decided
C. has not decided
D. have not decided
12. Jack is so poor that even five dollars _____ a big sum to him.
A. is
B. are
C. add
D. equal
13. Part of the books _____ arrived.
A. is
B. have
C. was
D. has
14. There _____ in this room.
A. are too many rooms
B. are too much room
C. are plenty of rooms
D. is plenty of room
15. Every hour and every minute _____ important.
A. is
B. have
C. was
D. will
16. In some markets there may be only one seller. _____ is called a monopoly.
A. Situation as this
B. Such kinds of situation
C. Such a situation
D. A situation of so
17. By the time you arrive in London, we _____ in Europe for two weeks.
A. shall stay
B. have stayed
C. will have stayed
D. have been staying
18. She resorted to ____ when she had no money to buy foods for her children.
A. have stolen
B. steal
C. stole
D. stealing
19. If Tom wins tomorrow, he _____ thirty races in the past four years.
A. will win
B. has won
C. would have won
D. will have won
20. There are two spare rooms in this building, neither of _____ has been provided with modern facilities.
A. it
B. which
C. them
D. this
21. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.
A. is
B. are
C. were
D. be
22. Einstein won the Noble Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany until
the rise of Nazism _____ he was expelled from Germany because he was a Jew.
A. when
B. who
C. then
D. which
23. He made a long speech ____ the important of the subject.
A. only showing
B. only showed
C. only to show
D. only as to show
24. This missile is designed so that once _____ nothing can be done to retrieve it.
A. fired
B. being fired
C. they fired
D. having fired
25. Although _____ happened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. which
B. what
C. how
D. it
26. This tower is said _____ in an earthquake two years ago.
A. to be destroyed
B. to destroy
C. to have been destroyed
D. to be destroyed
27. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having
B. Given
C. Giving
D. had
28. Wear your overcoat, _____ you’ll catch cold.
A. on the contrary
B. or rather
C. or else
D. in no way
29. Her husband would rather they _____ about the matter any more.
A. don’t talk
B. couldn’t talk
C. didn’t talk
D. won’t talk
30. For half an hour or ____ he would walk up and down between the stalls looking at everything.
A. so
B. more
C. else
D. another
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
主谓一致详解 【基础知识】 主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配： 语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity) （一）语法一致原则 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。例如： This table is a genuine antique. Both parties have their own advantages. Her job has something to do with computers. She wants to go home. They are divorcing each other. Mary was watching herself in the mirror. The bird built a nest. Susan comes home every week-end. （二）意义一致原则 有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。例如： Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy. A barracks was attacked by the guerilla. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. The United States is a developed country. It is the remains of a ruined palace. The archives was lost.
初中英语语法主谓一致 LELE was finally revised on the morning of December 16, 2020
I．单数主语： 1．当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 ● Someone has told me about it. ● Neither of us likes the film. 2．当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。（必记之要点！） ● Each girl and boy has a . ● Every man and woman is welcome. 3．位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc. （这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。） ● The teacher along with his students is going to the party. ● His parents as well as his elder si ster have come to see him. II．复数主语： 1．当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。 ● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
1. 2. 2010届高一上期末综合练习之 主谓一致练习 Neither he nor I ___ for the pla n. A. were B. is C are My family as well as I __ glad to see you. D. am A. was B. is C. are D. am My father, together with some of his old frien ds, __ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been bee n 4. 3. D. have 5. 6. 7. 8. There are two roads and either ___ t o the stati on. A. is lead ing B. are lead ing Nine plus three ___ twelve. A. are mak ing B. is mak ing Twenty miles __ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is Very few ___ his address in the tow n. A. has known B. are knowing Whe n and where this took place _ A. has B. is C. were C. lead D. leads C. make D. makes C. are D. were 9. C. know still unknown. D. ar D. knows I know that all ___ gett ing on well with her. A. were B. are C. is D. was 10. The rest of the no vel __ very in terest ing. A. seem B. is C. are D. were 11. Our family ___ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is 12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one coun tryside in our school. A. was B. were 13. More tha n one an swer __ t o the questi on. A. had give n B. were give n bee n give n of the stude nts who from the C. is D. are C. has bee n give n D. have 14. The stude nts in our school each __ an En glish dict ionary. A. are hav ing B. had C. has 15. The pair of shoes __ worn out. A. had bee n B. have bee n C. were D. was 16. A professor and a writer __ prese nt at the meeti ng. A. had bee n B. were 17. Those who __ singing may join us. A. is fond of B. enjoy liki ng 18. There ___ a knife and fork on the table. A. are B. is seem ing to be to be 19. Over 80 perce nt of the populatio n _ workers. A. will be B. are C. is 20. The whole class __ greatly moved at his words. A. is B. had 21. The woun ded __ good care of here now. A. is tak ing B. are tak ing taken 22. Deer __ faster tha n dogs. A. will run B. are running 23. The police ___ a pris oner. A. are searched for B. is searchi ng searchi ng for 24. It was reported that six A. had killed killed ,in clud ing a boy. B. was killi ng C. is C. likes C. seem to be C. were C. are being take n C. runs D. have D. was D. are D. seems D. was D. was D. is D. run C. are search ing for C. were killed D. is D. was
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
主谓一致的讲解 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即名词单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 关于保护环境的法律法规已经起草完成。 The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好 War and peace is a constant theme in history 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题 注意;常被视为主体的结构 A cup and saucer 一副杯碟 A horse and cart 马车 A knife and fork 一副刀叉
初中英语语法归纳总结及主谓一致 语法归纳总结 一. 词类 英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1. 名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 例：boy, morning, bag, home, class, orange. 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。 例：who, she, you, it . 3. 形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。 例：good, right, white . 4. 数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。 例：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5. 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。 例：am, is,are,have,see . 6. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。 例：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7. 冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。 例：a, an, the. 8. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 例in, on, from, above, behind. 9. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。 例and, but, before . 10. 感叹词(interj..)：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
例：oh, well, hi, hello. 二. 句子成分 英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1. 主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 例：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐。 2. 谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 例：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间。 3. 表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担 任。 例：My name is Ping ping. 我的名字叫萍萍。 4. 宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 例：He can spell the word. 他能拼这个词。 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语 一般放在直接宾语的前面。 例：He wrote me a letter. 他给我写了一封信。 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。 例：He wrote a letter to me. 他给我写了一封信。 5. 定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。 例：Shanghai is a big city. 上海是个大城市。 6. 状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词，通常由副词担任。 例：He works hard. 他工作努力。 7. 宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
名词与主谓一致 1. Where and when to go for the on-salary holiday _____ yet. a. are not decided b. have not been decided c. is not being decided d. has not been decided 2. Mary is the only one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 3. Mary is one of the girls who _____ by the headmaster at the meeting. a. uis praised b. are praised c. was praised d. were praised 4. All life on our planet _____, in one way or another, upon the sun. a. depend b. depending c. depends d. depended 5. Whisky and soda _____ always my favorite drink. a. is b. was c. are d. were 6. Kate as well as her sisters _____ interest in studing Chinese. a. are b. take c. takes d. is 7. More than one graduate _____ sent to the hardest place since 1979. a. is b. are c. has been d. have been 8. The secretary of the Party branch and director of the factory often _____ with the workers. a. works b. work c. is working d. are working 9. His family _____ always quarrelling among _____. a. is; itself b. are; themselves c. is; themselves d. are; itself 10. Some folk _____ never _____ with the present situation. a. is; satisfying b. are; satisfied c. are; satisfying d. is; satisfied 11. Each of the students in our class _____ great interest in English and they each _____ a copy of A New English-Chinese Dictionary. a. shows; have b. have; has c. is; have d. takes; has 12. ---- _____ ypur clothes? ---- No, mine _____ hanging over there. a. Is it; is b. Are these; are c. Is it; are d. Are these; is 13. Either you or the headmaster _____ which student will go to attend that meeting. a. is not decided b. are to decided c. are deciding d. is to decided 14. All but one _____ here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were 15. Light and heat _____ often sent out together with heavy smoke. a. is b. was c. are d. being 16. No chair and no desk _____ permitted to be taken away from the reading room. a. are b. were c. is d. be 17. Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _____ among the rubbish. a. were found b. was found c. found d. had found 18. Large quantities of fruit _____ all over the world from China today. a. is shipped b. are shipped c. has shopped d. have shipped 19. It _____ William and Carol who helped me the other day. a. has been b. are c. was d. were 20. Growing around the lake _____ wold flowers of different colors. a. is b. are c. has d. have
考点 03 主谓一致
【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形 式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计 2018 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 His father is working on the farm. 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 To study English well is not easy. 动名词短语或从句作主语时， 谓语动词一 语法一致 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all.
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Lucy and Lily are twins. 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起来 的合成主语后面， 要用复数形式的谓语动 词。 She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词， 尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语， playground. 谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall. Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
4. either，neither，each，every 或 no + Each of us has a new book. 单数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构 Everything around us is matter. 成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
He is one of my friends who are working 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， hard. which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 He is the only one of my friends who is 句中先行词的数一致。 working hard.
一致原则
考点详解 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓
例句 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a
语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 monitor. 谓语动词就用复数形式。 语法一致 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， There are a lot of people in the classroom.
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高一英语语法归纳总结----定语从句的归纳 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能（作用）： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。 I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children, two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解 本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致 等常见考点。 主谓一致是指： 1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。 2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语， 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如： There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如： Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。
主谓一致 主谓一致（Subject-Verb Concord）即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致，语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致，意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致，就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 表里不一 主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象 1,"more than one +名词"作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花. 2,"many a +名词"作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数.例如：Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树. 3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时，谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如： Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖. 4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用单数.例如： "All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了，一切进展顺利 5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是单数名词时，动词用单数，相反，则用复数.例如： What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书. 6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式.例如： No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔. 7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except，逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如： My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过. 8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关.例如：They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车. 9,动词不定式，动词-ing形式短语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数.例如： Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯. 10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如：The following are good examples下面是一些好例子. 11,以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如：
主谓一致讲解教案 一、授课时间：2012年1月4日 二、授课内容：语法点主谓一致讲解 三、授课重难点： 1、授课重点：主谓一致三原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 2、授课难点：主谓一致常考题型 四：授课过程 Step I 课程引入 由三个例句导入主谓一致的概念 1.I am a student. 2.They are students. 3.She is a teacher. 我们可以看出主语不同，谓语动词的形式就不同 主谓一致：谓语动词的人称和数随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。 Step II 讲述 一、主谓一致遵循三个原则：语法一致；意义一致;就近一致原则 分别对每个原则中的每一项进行讲解，并且举出例句，和学生互动。 1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。 My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。