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大学英语写作篇

大学英语写作篇
大学英语写作篇

大学英语四级写作

评分标准

?T ask response (任务回应)

?Coherence and Cohesion (一致与连接)

?Lexical Resource (词汇资源)

?Grammatical Range and Accuracy (语法范围与正确性) Lexical Resource

?Flexibility: 同义替换

?Precision:精确;核心词汇

?Less common lexical items: 含义较为深刻的词汇

?Damage

?undermine

?Problem

?dilemma

同义替换的“记”与“不记”

?不记

?逻辑关系词

?段落间逻辑

?起:first

?承:moreover, besides,

?转:however, but,

?合:in sum

年轻人

?The young

?The youth cynical youth

?T eenagers

?adolescent

?Y oung adult

?The juvenile

老年人

?The old

?The elderly

?Senior citizen

?The advanced

?The aged

员工

?Staff

?Workers

?Employees

?clerks

产生,造成

?Produce

?Generate

?Create 竞争对手

?Competitor

?Opponent

?Rival

?Adversary

?contender

特征特点

?Character

?Characteristic

s

?Trait

?Feature

?Attribute

?quality

结果

?Result

?Consequence

?Outcome

?aftermath

缺少

?Lack of v.

?Short a.

?Deficiency n.

?Insufficiency

n.

?Scarce a.

标准,基准

?Standard

?Criterion

?Canon

?Benchmark 可行的,可操作的

?Operational

?Usable

?Workable

?Feasible

?Practical

重要的

?Significant

?Vital

?Essential

?Critical

?Crucial

?of great

importance

?Key

?decisive

?Trigger

?Engender

?pose

解决;处理

?Deal with

?Solve

?Cope with

?Resolve

?Settle

?T ackle

?handle

使用,利用

?Use

?Utilize utility

?Employ

?Exploit

?harness

支持,资助

?Support

?Sponsor

?Back up

?Subsidize subsidy

?Finance

提高,推到,加强

?Improve

?Promote

?Advance

?enhance

?Strengthen

?facilitate

?boost

转变

?Change

?Transform

?Alter

?Shift

?convert

强调,重视

?Emphasis emphasize

?Underline

?Highlight

?Underscore

?Draw attention to

?T ake sth seriously 忽视,轻视

?Ignore

?Neglect

?Overlook

?Underestimate

?T ake sth lightly

Precision 10个大的名词

?Dilemma

?Strategy

?Infrastructure:基础设施

?Mindset: 思维模式

?Compromise: 妥协;折中

?Paradox: 矛盾

?Synergy: n. 协同作用

?Inequality: 不平等

?Hierarch: 等级class status

?Democracy: 民主

10个大的动词

?Collaborate: 协作

?Manipulate: 操作

?Optimize: 使最优化

?Compensate: 补偿

?Withstand: 抵挡

?Undermine: 破坏

?Jeopardize:威胁;危害

?Impede: 妨碍

?Aggravate: 恶化;加重

?Exaggerate:夸张

10个大的形容词

?Prosperous 繁荣的

?Sustainable development 可持续的

?Optimistic: 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的

?Potential: 潜在的,可能的

?Inevitable: 必然的;不可避免的

?Sophisticated: 复杂的;精致的

?Plausible: 似乎合理的

?Detrimental: 有害的

?Devastating: 毁灭性的;惊艳的

?Overwhelming : 势不可挡的

Less common lexical items

?10个带连字符的合成词

?Win-win 双赢的

?Eco-friendly 环保的

?Multi-cultural 多元文化的

?Eye-catching 引人注目的

?Market-oriented 以市场为导向的

?Thought-provoking 发人深省的

?State-of-the-art 最新型的,最尖端的

?Know-how n. 专门技能,实践知识

?Self-esteem 自尊

名词动化

?Mirror: n. 镜子v. 反映

?Many of today’s social problems are not new but mirror similar dilemmas from the

past.

?Mask: n. 面具v. 掩饰

?High test scores mask many students’ inability to communicate effectively in a

second language.

?Harbor: n. 海港;港口v. 持有,怀有

?我们不应该对我们不了解的文化怀有偏见和怀疑

?We should not harbor prejudice or suspicion to cultures we do not understand.

?Bridge: n. 桥v. 使连接;缩小

?为了缩小贫富差距政府必须提高社会福利。

?Governments must improve social welfare in order to bridge the gap between rich

and poor.

?Shape: n. 形状v. 塑造

?University education should shape the mind and broaden horizons.

?T ailor: n. 裁剪v. 使适合,定制

?Each country needs to tailor a solution which meets their own particular situation.

?Harness: n. 马具v. 利用

?By harnessing solar and wind energy, we can help our earth become more “green”.

?Curb: n. 勒马索v. 控制,约束

?In order to curb students’ appetite for computer games, parents and schools should

come up with healthy alternatives.

拉丁文

?Vice versa

?Language influences culture and vice versa.

?Per se 本身,自身

?This does not mean that online games, per se, is a problem.

?De facto 实际上,事实上

?English is the de facto international language, and people with good English skills

can communicate with the world.

?Status quo n. 现状

?Less industrious people are merely content with the status quo.

短语

?造成问题

?create/ pose/ cause the problem

?解决问题

?address/ fix/ tackle/ cope with/ deal with the problem

?对某事产生影响

?have an effect/ influence/ impact on sth.

?The popularity of mobile phones has a great effect on people’s daily life.

?have negative/ positive effects/ impacts on 产生正面(负面)影响

?have a serious impact on 严重影响到

?have a direct impact on 直接影响到

?have the greatest impact on 产生最大的影响

?起到关键作用

?Play a critical/ key role in sth.

?有责任去做某事

?Have a responsibility to do sth

?为某事做出贡献

?Make contribution to sth.

?政府有责任为控制房价作出有价值的贡献。

?The government should have a responsibility to make a worthwhile contribution to

curbing the housing price.

?努力去做某事

?Make an effort to do sth.

?不遗余力去做某事

?Spare no effort to do sth.

?采取有效的措施做某事

?T ake effective measures to do sth.

?采取切实的行动做某事

?T ake concrete actions to do sth.

?Make the most of 充分利用

?Be addicted to sth.

?上瘾,沉迷于

?Be obsessed with

?Give priority to sth. 把……放在优先位置

?The authorities concerned are supposed to give top priority to making the most of

renewal energies.

?提高公众的……意识

?Raise the public’s awareness of

?The government should raise the public’s awareness of conserving water.

?Be compatible with 可和谐共存的;相容的

?Economic development can be compatible with environmental protection.

?Be complementary to 相辅相成,相互补充

?Radio and TV, in many circumstances, are not competitive but complementary to

each other, and serve different people for various purposes.

分词的使用

?-ing

?-ed

?1、同主语句子合并

?I look up.

?I find the moon bright.

?Looking up, I find the moon bright;

?Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.

?Even when I walk in a party of no more than three, I can always be certain of

learning from those who I am with.

?Even when walking in a party of no more than three I can always be certain of

learning from those who I am with.

?One reviews what one has learned.

?And one will gain new insights.

?Thus, one is fit to be a teacher.

?One reviews what one has learned.

?And one will gain new insights.

?Thus, one is fit to be a teacher.

?Reviewing what one has learned and gaining new insights, one is fit to be a teacher.

?①T eenagers are usually pressed by their schoolwork.

?②They are also encouraged by their peers.

?③Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.

?④But sometimes they feel a little guilty.

?第一步:挑出主句,其余句子去掉主语

?第二步:谓语动词变为ing形式

?第三步:合并调整

?①T eenagers are usually pressed by their schoolwork.

?②They are also encouraged by their peers.

?③They resort to smoking.

?④But sometimes they feel a little guilty.

?Being usually pressed by their schoolwork and being also encouraged by their peers,

teenagers resort to smoking, sometimes feeling a little guilty.

?Usually pressed by their schoolwork and also encouraged by their peers, teenagers

resort to smoking, sometimes feeling a little guilty.

? 2. –ing变化

? Aiming higher, the student applied Beijing University. (单个ing)

?College students, ignoring their studies, spent too much time in CS.

? ?The student, aiming higher, and trying to avoid pressures from job markets,

applied Beijing University.(平行ing)

? Not hoping for the best, he applied Bagdad University.(否定ing)

? Reviewing what one has learned and learning a new, one is fit to be a teacher.

?? Is one, reviewing what he has learned and learning a new, fit to be a teacher?(问句

ing)

? How can you, not being a fish yourself, know the happiness of a fish?

?How can you, not being I yourself, know that I don’t know ?

? Who, being innocent, has ever perished? --

?? Who, being young and fresh, does not long for success?

?Having viewed the clouds over the Wu Mount, one will call nothing else a cloud.

?He who has seen the vastness of an ocean will never content himself with a pool of

water.

?曾经沧海难为水,除却巫山不是云。

?提高档次:

?Will one, having viewed the clouds over the Wu Mount, call anything else a cloud?

?I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind

and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.

?我一直认为:如果一个人在人生中的早期有一段时间失明失聪,这将是一件非常美

好的事情。黑暗使他更加珍惜视力;寂静使他能够体会到声音的快乐。

?I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were sent to

Pandora, a planet in Avatar, for a few days at some time during his early campus life.

Primitive forest would make him more appreciative of environment; Navi, the residents there, would teach him the joys of cooperation.

?我一直认为:如果一个人在大学生活初期能有机会去电影《阿凡达》中的潘多拉星

球待上几天,这将是一件非常美好的事情。原始森林使他更加珍惜绿色环境;纳威人教会他合作的乐趣。

?I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were given free

access to Museum forever. Historic relics would make him more familiar with the creature's evolution; Rough and archaic equipments displayed in Museum would teach him the joys of the application of modern science and technology.

?我一直认为:如果每一个人能永远免费去参观博物馆,这将是一件非常好的事情。

历史文物将使他熟悉生物进化的历程;古老粗糙的工具设备使他体会到现如今高科技应用的乐趣。

合作

我一直认为:如果每个人能有机会经历由竞争所带来的挫折将会是件美好的事情。失败将会让他更加珍视合作的重要性;无助将教会他团队合作的精神。

I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being had the chance to experience setback caused by competition. Failure would make him appreciative of the great importance of collaboration; helplessness would teach him the spirit of teamwork.

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