An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series

计算机与智能作者：阿兰·图灵模拟游戏我建议诸位考虑“机器是否能够思维”这个问题。

首先，我们必须考虑如何给“机器”和“思维”下定义。

所下的定义可尽量接近这个两个词的通常意思，然而这种想法是很危险的。

如果探究“机器”和“思维”这两个词的意义仅依赖于找出它们通常的词义，那么，就很难逃脱这样的结论，即对“机器是否能够思考”这个问题的意思和回答只能从诸如盖洛普民意测验之类的统计材料中去找，但这样做很荒唐。

我不打算去想出一个定义，而是用另一个问题来代替这个问题，这个新问题与那个老问题紧密相联，并且相对来说又不那么模棱两可。

这个问题的新形式可用一种我们称之为“模似游戏”的游戏来描述。

参加游戏的三个人，一个是男性（Ａ），一个为女性（Ｂ），另一个为提问者（Ｃ），性别不限。

提问者坐在一间与两人隔开的房间里。

对于这位提问者来说，这项游戏的目的，就在于识别那两个答问者的性别。

他用Ｘ和Ｙ代表两位答问者，这样，在游戏结束时，他可以说：“Ｘ是Ａ而Ｙ是Ｂ”，或者说“Ｘ是Ｂ而Ｙ是Ａ”。

提问Ｃ可以向Ａ和Ｂ提这样的问题，例如：Ｃ：Ｘ请你告诉我，他或她的头发有多么长？现在，假设Ｘ真的是Ａ，那Ａ就必须作答。

Ａ在此游戏中的目的在于让Ｃ作出错误的判断。

因此，他就可以这样回答。

“我一头短发，最长的约９英寸”。

为了不使声音被提问者听出来，答案采用书面的形式，要是用打字机打出来，那就更好了。

理想的条件是两个房间由一台电传打字电报机联系。

如做不到，就由一个中间人传递问题和答案。

而第三个参加者Ｂ的目的则是为了帮助提问者。

她最好的策略也许就是吐真言。

她可以在自己的答案后面补充这样的话，例如，“我是女性，别听他的！”但这并不管用，因为那位男性可以说同样的话。

我们现在设想这样一个问题：“要是一台机器在这项游戏中扮演Ａ的角色，那会是怎样的结果呢？”提问者在这样的游戏中是不是也会像一男一女进行游戏时一样老出错呢？这些问题就代替了我们原来的那个问题，即“机器是否能够思维？”对新问题的批判我们除了问“对这个新问题该怎样答覆？”也可以这样问：“这个新问题是否值得探讨？”我们探讨后一个问题没有多少麻烦，这样就防止了无限扯皮的现象。

计算机学术词汇英语Computer Science Terminology in EnglishThe field of computer science is vast and ever-evolving, with a rich vocabulary that can be challenging for those new to the industry. Understanding the key terminology is essential for effectively communicating and collaborating within the technological landscape. In this essay, we will explore some of the most commonly used computer science terms and their meanings.One of the fundamental concepts in computer science is the "algorithm." An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of instructions designed to solve a specific problem or perform a particular task. Algorithms are the backbone of computer programs and are essential for tasks ranging from data processing to decision-making. The efficiency and optimization of algorithms are crucial in ensuring the smooth and effective operation of computer systems.Another essential term in computer science is the "data structure." Data structures are the ways in which data is organized, stored, and manipulated within a computer system. They include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs, among others. The choice ofdata structure can significantly impact the performance and scalability of a computer program, as different structures are better suited for different types of operations and data.The concept of "programming languages" is central to computer science. Programming languages are the means by which humans communicate with computers, instructing them to perform specific tasks. From low-level languages like assembly to high-level languages like Python and Java, each programming language has its own syntax, semantics, and intended use cases. Understanding the differences and capabilities of various programming languages is crucial for software development and problem-solving.Closely related to programming languages are "compilers" and "interpreters." Compilers are programs that translate high-level programming languages into machine-readable code, while interpreters execute the code directly without the need for a separate compilation step. The choice between using a compiler or an interpreter depends on the specific requirements of the project and the desired performance characteristics.Another important term in computer science is "operating system." An operating system is the software that manages the hardware resources of a computer and provides a platform for running other programs. Examples of popular operating systems include Windows,macOS, and Linux. Understanding the features and capabilities of different operating systems is essential for system administration and software development.The concept of "computer hardware" is also crucial in computer science. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), and input/output devices (keyboards, mice, monitors). Knowing the functions and specifications of various hardware components is important for system design, troubleshooting, and performance optimization.In the realm of computer networking, the term "protocol" is widely used. Protocols are the rules and standards that govern the exchange of data between computer systems. Examples of common protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, and SMTP. Understanding network protocols is essential for developing network-based applications and ensuring secure and reliable communication between devices.The term "database" is also a fundamental concept in computer science. Databases are organized collections of data that are stored and managed electronically. They provide a structured way to store, retrieve, and manipulate information, and are essential for applications that require persistent data storage, such as e-commerce websites, social media platforms, and enterprise resourceplanning (ERP) systems.Another important term in computer science is "cybersecurity." Cybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computer systems, networks, and digital information from unauthorized access, theft, or damage. This includes the use of various techniques and technologies, such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems, to safeguard against cyber threats like hacking, malware, and data breaches.Finally, the concept of "artificial intelligence" (AI) has become increasingly prominent in the field of computer science. AI refers to the development of computer systems and algorithms that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. AI is being applied in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing to autonomous vehicles, and is a rapidly evolving area of computer science.In conclusion, the vocabulary of computer science is vast and multifaceted, encompassing a wide range of concepts and technologies. Understanding these key terms is essential for anyone working in or studying the field of computer science, as they form the foundation for effective communication, problem-solving, and innovation. By familiarizing oneself with these terms, individuals canbetter navigate the rapidly changing technological landscape and contribute to the ongoing advancement of computer science.。

理工英文考试题及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of physics and materials science for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.A. TrueB. False答案解析： A. True. 机械工程是指应用物理和材料科学来设计、分析、制造和维护机械系统。

2. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A. SolarB. WindC. NuclearD. Hydro答案解析： C. Nuclear. 核能不是可再生能源的一种，因为它依赖于有限的铀或其他放射性元素。

3. In computer science, what does "API" stand for?A. Automated Programming InterfaceB. Application Programming InterfaceC. Advanced Programming InterfaceD. Artificial Programming Interface答案解析： B. Application Programming Interface. API 是应用程序编程接口的缩写。

4. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is A = πr², where "r" represents:A. The diameter of the circleB. The circumference of the circleC. The radius of the circleD. The area of the circle答案解析： C. The radius of the circle. 圆的面积公式 A =πr²中的 "r" 表示圆的半径。

高一人工智能英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the most talked - about topics in recent years. AI can be defined as the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, problem - solving, perception, and language understanding.The development of AI has a long history. It started in the 1950s when the concept was first introduced. In the early days, AI research focused on simple tasks like playing games and solving basic mathematical problems. However, with the development of computer technology and the increase in data availability, AI has made great strides.AI has found applications in various fields. In the medical field, AI can assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. For example, it can analyze medical images such as X - rays and MRIs to detect early signs of diseases that might be missed by human eyes. In education, AI - powered tutoring systems can provide personalized learning experiences for students. They can adapt to the individual learning pace and style of each student, helping them to better understand difficult concepts. In the transportation industry, self - driving cars, which are a significant application of AI, are expectedto revolutionize the way we travel. They can potentially reduce traffic accidents caused by human error and improve traffic efficiency.However, AI also brings some potential negative impacts. One concern is the impact on employment. As AI systems can perform many tasks that were previously done by humans, there is a fear that many jobs will be lost. For example, jobs in manufacturing, customer service, and some administrative tasks may be at risk. Another issue is the ethical considerations. For instance, how should AI make decisions in life - or - death situations? And there are also concerns about data privacy as AI systems rely on large amounts of data.1. <问题1>What is the main idea of this passage?A. To introduce the development of computer technology.B. To discuss the applications and impacts of artificial intelligence.C. To explain how to solve problems in different fields.D. To show the importance of data in AI systems.答案：B。

算法时代有利有弊作文开头英文回答：The algorithmic era has brought about numerous advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, algorithms have greatly improved efficiency and convenience in various aspects of our lives. For example, in the field of e-commerce, algorithms are used to recommend personalized products based on our browsing and purchase history, making online shopping more convenient and tailored to our preferences. Additionally, algorithms have revolutionized transportation systems, enabling us to navigate through unfamiliar places using GPS and find the most efficient routes to our destinations.Moreover, algorithms have played a crucial role in advancing medical research and improving healthcare outcomes. For instance, machine learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of medical data to identify patterns and predict diseases, leading to early detection and moreeffective treatments. Algorithms have also been used indrug discovery, helping researchers identify potential compounds and accelerate the development of new medications.However, the algorithmic era also has its downsides. One major concern is the issue of privacy. With the increasing use of algorithms, our personal data is being constantly collected and analyzed, raising concerns about data security and potential misuse. For example, social media platforms use algorithms to track our online behavior and target us with personalized advertisements. While this can enhance the user experience, it also raises questions about the invasion of privacy and the manipulation of our choices.Furthermore, algorithms can perpetuate bias and discrimination. Since algorithms are developed based on historical data, they may inadvertently reflect andreinforce existing social biases. For instance, algorithms used in hiring processes may inadvertently favor certain demographic groups, leading to unfair outcomes. This highlights the importance of ensuring that algorithms aredeveloped and implemented in a way that is fair and unbiased.中文回答：算法时代带来了许多优点和缺点。

2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市重点中学5G联合体高一下学期期末考试英语试题With summer behind us and the fall and winter holidays just around the corner, now it seems as good a time as any to start planning the next family vacation. Instead of a beach break or ski getaway, a family cruise offers a convenient and cost-effective alternative winter vacation.Explore Asian Metropolises with Regent Seven SeasRegent Seven Seas, all-inclusive ships take visitors to world-class destinations. This winter, visitors will discover top destinations across Asia, from Hong Kong to Beijing, aboard the Regent Seven Seas Voyager. Departing on Dec.17, this 12-day cruise offers plenty of outdoor activities. Kids will enjoy the waterfalls of Miyazaki, Japan, and the legendary street food scene in Hong Kong.Tour Australia with Princess CruisesFor a far-flung family vacation this winter, consider exploring Australia aboard the Sea Princess this winter. Leaving Brisbane on Dec. 17, the Sea Princess will take passengers to Airlie Beach. And on the ship, little ones can enjoy a variety of onboard activities and entertainment, from dance classes to volleyball to enrichment classes.Cruise to the Caribbean with DisneyAboard each Disney ship, yo u’ll find numerous kid-friendly activities and services that are well-suited for the young—and the young at heart. Disney characters pop up frequently throughout the kids club and in public spaces. Best of all, there are plenty of family-friendly stateroom category choices for families having a concern for budget(预算).Norwegian Cruise LineNorwegian Cruise Line offers a unique style of cruising—Freestyle Cruising. It offers a delicious lineup of excellent restaurants ranging from casual to fine dining, thrilling entertainment, exciting fitness activities and classes.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A．A textbook. B．An advertisement.C．A science magazine. D．A travel journal.2. Which family cruise can you choose to have kids perform ballet?A．Regent Seven Seas. B．Norwegian Cruise Line.C．Disney Cruise Line. D．Princess Cruises.3. Who will be more interested in Disney ships?A．Elegant families. B．Cautious families.C．Economical families. D．Generous families.In a recent game of pickleball, my teammate and I were falling far behind other teams. It was her turn to serve. We were both standing behind the baseline, paddles(球拍) up in ready position, when she nodded at me and said, “In it to win it.”“Really?” I looked at her, surprised by her u se of a catchy expression that was new to me. My inner self was never ready to accept even the tiniest suggestion that we should be trying to win the game. In my life off the pickleball court, I enjoy yoga, folk dancing—anything but games with winners and losers, and I always prefer to be a observer rather than a participant in the world of sports.Then pickleball came along. Suddenly, I didn’t want to be an observer any longer. I wanted to be a player myself. Like many people, I was first drawn to the game simply as a safe COVID-19 activity. Playing outdoors with people in my neighborhood allowed me to break out of social isolation(隔离).But my addiction to the game comes from the sport’s low barrier of entry. The equipment isn’t particularly expensive. It’s a relatively easy game to learn, and a participant doesn’t need to be especially strong, tall or fast. Little wonder that everyone can now be seen throwing a green, orange or yellow plastic ball with holes in it across a net.Pickleball is the first game I’ve ever wanted to win. I think it’s because of the excitement I feel when I hit an unreturnable ball down the middle of the court and score a point. Participating in a sport myself rather than cheering for others provides real proof that I can still work hard to achieve goals. So, I’ve made a long-term commitment to it. I am embracing the game as my pickleball buddies embrace me. I’d forgotten how much fun it is to socialize while, doing something active. In that playful space of the court, I am facing directly my fears of winning and losing. In the meantime, doing something outside of my comfort zone feels magical. Now I wonder what contests I might be brave enough to enter next.4. Why was the author surprised by what her teammate said in the recent game?A．She thought her teammate was too weak.B．She hadn’t considered winning or losing.C．She didn’t know what her teammate meant.D．She misunderstood the rules of the game.5. What is the main reason for the author’s love for pickleball?A．It is what she is good at.B．It allows her to make new friends.C．It is affordable and accessible.D．It has many health benefits.6. How has the author benefited from playing pickleball?A．She has overcome her fears of competitive sports.B．She has realized her own limitations.C．She has become a more energetic person.D．She has recognized her talents for sports.7. What does the author plan to do?A．Become a professional athlete.B．Recommend pickleball to more friends.C．Explore some extreme sports.D．Continue playing pickleball.On April 18—the International Day for Monuments and Sites, China Daily’s digital employee Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual cartoon figure Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform that h osts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave(藏经洞)to the world.The platform was developed jointly by the Dunhuang Academy and the Chinese tech firm Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics dating from the 4th century to the 11th century unearthed. It was one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures. The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat mini program.In the digital age, the model of “culture +technology” has been introduced to promote the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate of China’s precious cultural relics is now over 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report released by iResearch.Institutions such as the Palace Museum have also started online digital services of their own. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to view the interior of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat mini program.The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation of cultural intellectual property(知识产权) by digital means. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer(神鹿) Youyou. It was created based on the image of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals(壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.Digital collections cater to the consumption habits of young people, who grow up in the information age. They not only protect the intellectual property of the collections but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, noted Dunhuang Art Institute.Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to explore new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public greater cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.8. What can visitors do on the interactive digital platform for the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave?A．Play role-playing games set in ancient times.B．Play video games featuring historical figures.C．Talk to the designer of the digital Library Cave.D．Design digital caves showing historical scenes.9. What is the purpose of developing digital platforms for cultural institutions?A．To show the latest gaming technologies.B．To help cultural institutions make a profit.C．To promote the development of Chinese culture.D．To encourage people to explore new forms of cultural relics.10. Why does the article mention the Dunhuang divine deer Youyou?A．To stress the importance of digital collections.B．To describe its popularity among young people.C．To present how digital collections are developed.D．To introduce a successful example of digital collections.11. What does the underlined phrase “cater to” in the second-to-last paragraph most probably mean?A．Ignore. B．Satisfy.C．Challenge. D．Change.The imitation(模仿) game, as proposed by mathematician Alan Turing in his 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence”, tasks a person and a computer, with answering questions from a third person or judge. The questioner must then tell which is human. This has come to be known as the Turing Test.Turing proposed that if a machine could successfull y imitate a person, then it had “artificial intelligence”. So what is artificial intelligence, and could you tell the difference between a person and AI?AI refers to the creation of intelligent machines that can think and act like human beings. These systems are designed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing images and making decisions.AI has come along way in recent years and is now being used in a variety of industries, such as healthcare, finance and transportation. With advances in machine learning and natural language processing, AI is becoming increasingly advanced and is able to perform more difficult tasks with greater accuracy.As a person, I believe that there is great possibility that AI can greatly improve our lives. However, as with any new technology, there are also concerns about the impact of AI on our society.So what do you think of AI? I asked ChatGPT to “tell me as humanly as possible what AI is,” and the previous three paragraphs are its answer. You are the judge, and I am the human respondent. Did you think my intro was AI? What I know is that I am scared of AI.Programs like ChatGPT use machine learning to create text in response to user input. This means the program learns from existing content to produce new content which can make it hard to tell original work from plagiarized(抄袭的) work.Concerns of plagiarism and misinformation are increasing as programs like ChatGPT and other Al technologies use existing writing, art and knowledge to produce human-like work. This opens the door to numerous debates on the ethics (道德伦理) of AI and the information these programs are learning from. Are these sources accurate? Is the machine learning algorithm(算法) committing theft?It is our job—that is, as humans—to keep AI in check and ensure its ethical development and usage. AI might not be ready to put an end to humanity, but it is still reasonable to be careful about its progress.12. What is the purpose of the Turing Test according to the text?A．To test the intelligence of humans.B．To judge the performance of AI systems.C．To explore the possible applications of AI.D．To determine the threat caused by AI to humans.13. What are paragraphs 3-5 mainly about?A．AI’s applications. B．AI’s limitations.C．AI’s self-description. D．AI’s development.14. Why is it not clear whether AI’s works are original or plagiarized according to the text?A．They are based on existing human works.B．They are not as good as what humans create.C．They are mostly writing and artworkD．The systems may give false information15. What is the author’s attitude toward AI’s development in the future?A．Negative. B．Positive.C．Puzzled. D．CautiousWhen friendships fall apart, it can feel like it’s impossible to restore them. 16 . However, some can be saved. If you’d like to restart a long-lost friendship, here is a four-step plan.17Start by calling or writing a note to communicate one message: “Our friendship is valuable to me, and I miss you. Is there any way to settle what stands between us?” This simple step is a way to open the doors to reconciliation(和解). Set the ground to see if your friend is willing to seek solutions as well.Forgive as best you canIt’s tough to let go if you’ve been wronged. Feeling the need for revenge(报复) is natural. However, the problem with revenge is that it could become a vicious cycle(恶性循环). How can you stop this? By forgiving. Forgiveness puts an end to all. 18 . Keep this in mind, and you will be well on your way to forgiveness.Find out the problemFinding out what went wrong is very important. Don’t pretend there is no problem. 19 . If a friendship can’t survive such a conversation, that may be a sign it oug ht to end.Rebuild respectThe final step is to rebuild respect. 20 . Highlight those you like best about them. Next, you need to admit your mistake. Take ownership, and ask for forgiveness. If you do this, then mutual respect is almost certain.Wayne Rogerson’s close friend, Ashley Cooper, died when he was seriously injured in a crash in 2008. His family later________ that his donated organs(器官) helped save seven people.This________Mr Rogerson to start donating blood.Mr Rogerson said he________to do his bit and had donated blood 21 times, seldom________an appointment over eight years. But he could not have known the________act of giving bloodwould________save his own life.At a donation________in 2017, a Red Cross Australia Lifeblood nurse discovered Mr Rogerson’s hemoglobin(血红蛋白) count was low and________him to seek medical care. “I had no________,n one at all,” he said. After Mr Rogerson went to a hospital and had medical tests, doctors said that he had developed cancer.Mr Rogerson spent about three months in hospital for an operation and treatment. During that time he________two blood transfusions(输血). “I was so________that they got it in time ...I was fully recovered in November that year,” he said. But, to his________, he can no longer donate blood due to________reasons. “After being both a(n)________ and a recipient(接受者), I urge everyone to donat e if you can,” he said. “The________you save might just be your own.”21.A．complained B．agreed C．told D．promised22.A．inspired B．forced C．allowed D．reminded23.A．happened B．wanted C．continued D．hesitated24.A．keeping B．missing C．attending D．making25.A．accidental B．brave C．polite D．selfless26.A．finally B．naturally C．certainly D．hopefully27.A．appointment B．meeting C．bank D．competition 28.A．helped B．encouraged C．advised D．drove29.A．hopes B．symptoms C．troubles D．tears30.A．refused B．avoided C．wasted D．received31.A．strong B．calm C．nervous D．lucky32.A．disappointment B．surprise C．curiosity D．satisfaction33.A．scientific B．environmental C．medical D．historical34.A．patient B．donor C．joiner D．onlooker35.A．time B．money C．life D．energy阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

《计算机英语（第2版）》参考答案注：这里仅给出《计算机英语（第2版）》新增或变化课文的答案，其他未改动课文答案参见《计算机英语（第1版）》原来的答案。

Unit OneSection CPDA Prizefight: Palm vs. Pocket PCI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. With DataViz’s Documents To Go, you can view and edit desktop documents on your PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific ________. (format)2. Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-mail via ________ so that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to the PDA for on-the-go reading. (synchronization)3. The Windows Mobile keyboard, Block Recognizer, and Letter Recognizer are all ________ input areas, meaning they appear and disappear as needed. (virtual)4. Generally speaking, Windows Mobile performs better in entering information and playing ________ files while Palm OS offers easier operation, more ________ programs, better desktop compatibility, and a stronger e-mail application. (multimedia; third-party)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field数据字段2. learning curve学习曲线3. third-party solution第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮Start button6. 指定输入区designated input area7. 手写体识别系统handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集character setUnit ThreeSection BLonghorn：The Next Version of WindowsI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. NGSCB, the new security architecture Microsoft is developing for Longhorn, splits the OS into two parts: a standard mode and a(n) ________ mode. (secure)2. It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation that disable the more intensive Aero effects to boost ________ on less capable PCs. (performance)3. With Longhorn’s new graphics and presentation engine, we can create and display Tiles on the desktop, which remind us of the old Active Desktop but are based on ________ instead of ________. (XML; HTML)4. The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system, WinFS, whichworks like a(n) ________ database. (relational)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. search box搜索框2. built-in firewall内置防火墙3. standalone application独立应用程序4. active desktop 活动桌面5. mobile device移动设备6. 专有软件proprietary software7. 快速加载键quick-launch key8. 图形加速器graphics accelerator9. 虚拟文件夹virtual folder10. 三维界面three-dimensional interfaceUnit FourSection CArraysI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object10, you know the array is in ________ form; if you see the term object[10], you know the array is in ________ form. (subscript; index)2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the size is ________. (fixed)3. A(n) ________ is a pictorial representation of a frequency array. (histogram)4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) ________ array. (two-dimensional)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. bar chart条形图2. frequency array频率数组3. graphical representation图形表示4. multidimensional array多维数组5. 用户视图user(’s) view6. 下标形式subscript form7. 一维数组one-dimensional array8. 编程结构programming constructUnit FiveSection BMicrosoft .NET vs. J2EEI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual ________ while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)2. With .NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to ________ in other programming languages and to ________. (developers; components)3. J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possiblethrough ________, but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)4. One important element of the .NET platform is a common language ________, which runs bytecodes in an Internal Language format. (runtime)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. messaging model消息收发模型2. common language runtime通用语言运行时刻（环境）3. hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间4. development community开发社区5. CORBA公用对象请求代理（程序）体系结构6. 基本组件base component7. 元数据标记metadata tag8. 虚拟机virtual machine9. 集成开发环境IDE（integrated development environment）10. 简单对象访问协议SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）Unit SixSection ASoftware Life CycleI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. The development process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and ________. (testing)2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the ________ phase. (analysis)3. In the system development process, the code is written in the ________ phase. (implementation)4. In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the ________ phase. (design)5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the ________. (structure chart)6. In the system development process, ________ and pseudocode are tools used by programmers in the implementation phase. (flowcharts)7. Pseudocode is part English and part program ________. (logic)8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the ________, white box testing is done by the ________. (user; programmer)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. standard graphical symbol标准图形符号2. logical flow of data标准图形符号3. test case测试用例4. program validation程序验证5. white box testing白盒测试6. student registration system学生注册系统7. customized banking package定制的金融软件包8. software life cycle软件生命周期9. user working environment用户工作环境10. implementation phase实现阶段11. 测试数据test data12. 结构图structure chart13. 系统开发阶段system development phase14. 软件工程software engineering15. 系统分析员system(s) analyst16. 测试工程师test engineer17. 系统生命周期system life cycle18. 设计阶段design phase19. 黑盒测试black box testing20. 会计软件包accounting packageIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfacessystem; software; small; userdevelop; changes; quality; board; UncontrolledIV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师研究有关的方法与工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变得容易。

人教版高一英语科技活动练习题30题【含答案解析】1. In the computer science class, we often use the term “algorithm” to describea set of computational steps and rules for performing a specific task. Which of the following is the closest meaning to “algorithm”A. ProgramB. CodeC. ProcedureD. Bug答案：C。

解析：“algorithm”（算法）是执行特定任务的一组计算步骤和规则。

选项A“program”（程序）是一系列指令的集合，比算法概念更宽泛；选项B“code”（代码）是编写程序的具体字符形式；选项D“bug”（漏洞）与算法完全不同概念。

而“procedure”（程序、步骤）最接近“algorithm”的含义。

2. When we talk about modern technology, “artificial intelligence” is a very popular term. Which of the following is an example of artificial intelligence?A. A traditional calculatorB. A smart phone without any intelligent appsC. A voice - controlled virtual assistantD. A mechanical clock答案：C。

解析：“artificial intelligence”（人工智能）是指计算机系统能够执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。

选项A传统计算器只能进行简单计算，没有智能；选项B没有智能应用的智能手机不体现人工智能；选项D机械钟是传统机械装置，与人工智能无关。